Chapter 1

Introduccin a la Vida

en la Tierra

Characteristics of Living Things

Chapter 1

Complex and organized Must get materials & energy Homeostasis maintains internal conditions Growth Respond to stimuli Reproduce themselves Capacity to evolve

Levels of Biological Organization I

Cellular Organelle
Mitochondrion H H Water Hydrogen O

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1-2

Nerve Cell

Chloroplast
CH2OH

Nucleus

Molecular
Atomic

Glucose Carbon Nitrogen

DNA Oxygen

Subatomic

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Levels of Biological Organization II

Organismic Organ System
Organ Tissue
Nervous Tissue Pronghorn Antelope Nervous System Brain

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Levels of Biological Organization III

Biosphere
Ecosystem Community
Bushes Water Earths surface Snake

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1-2

Air
Pronghorns

Soil

Hawk

Grass

Hawk
Snake Pronghorns

Population
Herd of Pronghorns

Characteristics: Respond to Stimuli

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p4

Changes in internal environment

Temperature Water level Blood sugar level

Changes in external environment

Seek food and water Plants grow toward light

Characteristics: Homeostasis

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p4

Organized systems disintegrate

Preventing disintegration requires energy

Homeostasis means staying the same

Sweating when hot; shivering when cold Thirsting when water is low

Chapter 1 Characteristics: Acquire Materials and Energy

p5

Homeostasis requires energy

Opposes natural trend to disintegration Obtained from external source

Homeostasis requires physical repair

Parts break down

New materials required for repair

Food supplies material and energy

Characteristics: Growth Violates homeostasis

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p5

Organism grows in size/mass Must acquire more than needed for homeostasis Genetically programmed
Timing Size Shape

Homeostasis staying the same Growth = homeostasis plus extra

Characteristics: Reproduction

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p6

Reproduce themselves in kind (heredity)

Perpetuation of parents genetics

Genetic info stored in DNA chemical

Variation
Offspring similar to both parents Offspring different from either parent

Simple code with complex error correction system

Characteristics: Evolution Genetic composition of population changes (evolves)

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1-7

DNA

Differential survival (natural selection) Selects advantageous adaptations

The more time, the more change

Eventually become much different