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San Satiro , Donato Bramante, 1,20 .


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Borromini

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Palazzo Spada , Francesco Borromini24 (1599-1667)


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Bernini, 26 (. 30)
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Albrecht Dfrer (1525)

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Carlo Urbino,

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(1546), , National Portrait


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Penrose.

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Ascending and Descending


, 1960,M. C. Escher.


Penrose, .

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, 1961,M. C. Escher.

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, 1947,M. C. Escher.

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, 1955,M. C. Escher.

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Ninio Jacques, , , 2000, .88

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, 602d. . . , .
Combrich E. H., , . , 1995

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.( 5)
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Euclides, Optica, Opticorum Recensio Theonis, Catoptrica, I. L. Heiberg, 1895,


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.. , 116

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.. VIII, 353 Overbeck, . 772, . 139

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. Choisy , Histoire de l' architecture, I. Architecture Grecque, 414

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. ,
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Rudolf Arnheim, Art and Visual Perception, Faber and Faber. London 1969 . 253-254
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