Chapter 2 Industrial Communications and Networking

Gii

thiu mt s m hnh/chun truyn tin trong cng nghip: Chun truyn tin V24/V28 (RS-232C, RS485 v RS-422), I2C... Cc bus tiu biu: Profibus, CAN, Modbus, AS-I Cc giao thc: ProfiBus, MODBUS v IEC 870-5

2.1. Khi nim v truyn tin trong mi trng cng nghip (TTCN): Khi nim:

L mng my tnh vi s nodes v phm vi a

l hn ch, thng tin trn mng l cc s o, cc trng thi v cc lnh iu khin, gn vi cc qu trnh thc, vi tin cy cao, kh nng chu nhiu tt C kh nng kt ni vi cc mng my tnh thng thng khai thc c cc c tnh u vit v remote v database. Topologies: Daisy chain, Ring, Bus, Star, Tree

 Giao thc: (K thut ghp ni) thng dng cc

giao thc cc tng pha thit b (Transport Oriented Protocols) Bo ton thng tin trong m hnh OSI, lp 2:
Phn loi li:
Li khng pht hin c Pht hin c nhng khng sa c v Pht hin v sa c

Phn tch v nh gi li: Chech sum, CRC, Parity... nh gi theo:

Xc xut xut hin, Thi gian xut hin, Theo iu kin mi trng, Theo tc ng ca i tng...

 Parity: cho tng byte/character Parity kp: cho 1 packet. Tnh Parity v XOR dc theo gi tin => pht hin li v sa li nu xc sut nh CRC: phn cng, vi mch Check sum: phn mm

 Cc

TIA/EIA (Electronics/Telecommunication

chun truyn thng tin:

Industry Association), m hnh DTE v DCE, cc chun qui nh vt l ca tn hiu nh:

Complete Interface Standards: TIA/EIA 232-F, TIA/EIA 530-A [561]... Electrical Only Standards: EIA 422, EIA 485... Signal Quality Standards

Tn

Single End, RS232 Differential, RS 422/485, MultiDrop, Hnh 201

hiu:

2.2. Standard Buses:

2.2.1. AS-i bus: Actuator Sensor Interface Cc (11) hng Chu u hp tc pht trin

Hnh 202. V tr AS-I bus trong h thng mng CN

2.2.1.1. Khi nim mng AS-i: AS-i (Actuator/Sensor Interface) l giao din kt ni cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh tng thp nht (field level) trong mt h thng t ng. 2.2.1.2. Hot ng ca h thng mng AS-i: Kin trc v cc thng s hot ng ca mng

AS-i Mng AS-i l mng Single Master/ Multi Slaves: Trong mng AS-i ch c mt master vic trao i d liu vi cc slaves trong mng, thng qua c ch polling cc slave lin tip v ch i tr li. Topology ca mng: Mng AS-i c th c dng ng thng, hoc dng cy.

Hnh 202a. Cu trc mt mng AS-i

Hnh 203. Cu trc mng AS-i

 Thi gian vng qut:

AS-i Master cn 5ms trao i d liu s vi 31 nt mng - polling, analog (12 bit sensor) cn 6 vng qut - 30ms. Tc truyn thng: Fixed 167Kbps Thnh phn nt mng: Mi nt mng c th l cc sensor/actuator theo chun AS-i, hoc cc AS-i I/O module cho php kt ni nhiu nht vi 4 sensor/actuator nh phn Khong cch mng: di cp truyn trong mng AS-i l khng ln, khong cch ti a 300m, vi 2 repeater max. Lng thng tin nh phn khng ln.

 Ch

Ch a ch thng thng, 1 Master c th

a ch:

qun l 31 slaves (4I/4O), cho php kt ni vi 124 sensors/actuators. Ch m rng (A/B), mt master c th qun l 62 slaves (4I/3O), kt ni c vi 186 actuator hoc 248 sensor. Mi slave AS-i c gn mt a ch, lu trong EPROM ca slave . a ch c th c t do AS-i Master hoc dng mt thit b t a ch chuyn dng (mi slave ch c th c t a ch 15 ln)

C ch giao tip:
AS-i hot ng kiu Master/Slave. Trong mt chu k qut bus, Master thc hin trao i d liu vi mi slave mt ln. Master gi message 14 bit (5 bit a ch Slave v 5 bit thng tin - d liu output hoc m gi hm), ri ch i slave tr li. Message tr li ca slave 7 bit [4 bit thng tin (d liu u vo hoc kt qu thc hin hm)]. Thi gian mt chu k bus ph thuc vo s lng slave. Master c th gi km mt s thng bo khc. C tt c 9 loi messge,
2 loi truyn d liu v tham s, 2 loi t a ch cho slave, 5 loi nhn dng v xc nh trng thi hot ng ca cc slave.

 Cu

trc message t Master

Bit 1: cui Message P: Bit Parity I4 - I0:to Slave

0-CB-A4-A3-A2-A1-A0-I4-I3-I2-I1-I0-P-1
Bit 0: u Message CB: Bit iu khin A4-A0: Slave Addr

Cu

trc message ca slave:

Bit 1: cui Mess. P: Bit Parity

0-S3-S2-S1-S0-P-1
Bit 0: u Mess. Bit S3-S0: to Master

K

K thut m ho chn di tn s truyn, t ng

b theo c ch APM (Alternate Pulse Modulation) cho php loi nhiu => c tin cy cao.

thut truyn:

 Kim

Trong 1 chu k bit 6s (chu k bus 5ms), tn hiu

sot li:

trn ng truyn c receiver senses 16 ln. Theo phng php iu ch APM ni, trong mi chu k bit phi c mt hoc hai xung v cc xung k tip phi o chiu. Nh vy ch c cc tn hiu c dng ny mi c nhn v gii m, ngc li s c coi l nhiu v s b loi b. Mi Mess. chiu di c nh, c bit u, bit cui v c khong thi gian ngh, => pht hin tn hiu sai lch. Ngoi ra, cc bit truyn cn c bit chn l parity pht hin li.

2.2.1.3. AS-i Devices

AS-i

Kiu ring, kt ni vi cc thit b mng,

cable:

khng cn tch v, bt vt hoc hn. Truyn c c nng lng v s liu trn cng mt cp 2 dy. Khng truyn c trong khong cch xa (ti a 100 mt cn c 1 repeater) Cng c th dng bt k cp 2 dy thng thng c kch thc 2x1.5mm2 trong mng AS-i, khng cn v chng nhiu.

Repeater/Extender

Repeater/ Extender: Prolongation, max 100m.

Max 300m with 2 repeaters

Ngun

cung cp c hai u ca repeater Hai ng cp AS-i ca repeater c cch ly v in vi Extender

M rng chiu di mng thm c 100m. Ch cn ngun cung cp pha khng ni vi

Master.

Cp

trc tip: khng cch ly vi Extender

Power Supply Unit:

Ngun cp dc c n nh, tin cy cao cho mi thit b

mng AS-i chun v cc sensor ni vo mng. Normal Actuators khng ly ngun t AS-i cable, m thng c cp ngun ring.

Addressing Device:

L thit b gn a ch v chn on (offline). Address: 1 n 31 (hoc 1A n 31A) v Ext (1B n

31B). Cc thit b mi xut xng c a ch 0. Cc Master h tr ch a ch m rng phi ni vi cc slave c ch a ch m rng. Trn mt mng khng th c hai thit b c cng a ch.

AS-i Master: Phn sau

AS-i Gateway:

AS-i Gateway (Distributed I/O) l cc thit b cho

php ni mng AS-i vi cc thit b mng khc, cng l mt Master, ng vai tr lm ch i vi mng AS-i bn di v l Slave ca mng trn (thng l PROFIBUS)

I/O Module t ti hin trng

L cc module ghp ni vi cc c cu chp

hnh v cm bin nh phn, c lp t trc tip ti hin trng Compact Module: Module kt ni vi cc c cu chp hnh v cm bin lm vic trong mi trng khc nghit

Motor Starter v load branch:

Motor Starter: Thit b khi ng ng c. Mi c cu

ng lc v kt ni mng AS-i u c tch hp ch trong thit b ny. Load Branch: Thit b khi ng bng ti, c c trng bi 1 u vo, 2 u ra ni vi thit b chp hnh.

Proximity switch:

Dng nhn bit, m sn phm, c dng trong

cc dy chuyn sn xut. Gm:
Cm bin t: BERO inductive proximity switch Cm bin siu m: Sonar-BERO ultrasonic proximity switch. Cm bin t v cm bin siu m c dng pht hin vt th ln vi khong cch tng i xa, nh trong mt dy chuyn ra xe t ng... Cm bin quang: Opto-BERO photoeletric proximity switch

 Logic

L thit b slave ca mng AS-i song x l c

cc php logic, cho php thc hin mt s quy trnh t ng nh, n gin.

module LOGO:

Mt

Push button and indicator light: B nt bm v

s thit b h tr nh:

n bo Counter module: Module m Ground fault detection module: Module kim tra li ni t Overvoltage protection module: Module bo v chng qu p

Hnh 204. Siemens LOGO!

2.2.1.4. AS-i Masters:

Hnh 205. AS-I Master

 Master:

200) v CP 342-2 (cho S7 300) Standard AS-i Master v Extended AS-i Master: Extended AS-i Master: 62 Slave vi ch a ch m rng A/B, Standard AS-i Master ch h tr c 31 slave. Ni mng vi Extended AS-i Master phi l cc slave c ch a ch m rng, ni mng vi Standard AS-i Master phi l cc Standard Slaves.

Thit b truyn thng AS-i nh CP243-2 (cho S7

2.2.2. Profibus:

Hnh 206. S mng Profibus

2.2.2.1. Khi nim Mng PROFIBUS: Mng PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) l mng truyn thng ti hin trng (cell and field area) theo chun EN 50170-1-2, DIN 19245, kt ni cc thit b vo ra phn tn (distributed I/O), cc thit b truyn ng (drives) vi cc b iu khin kh trnh, nh PC hoc SIMATIC S7. 2.2.2.2. Cc giao thc PROFIBUS:

Bao gm DP, PA, FMS v FDL.

 PROFIBUS

L giao din chun trao i thng tin gia

DP (Decentralized Periphery)

trm SIMATIC S7/M7/C7 vi cc thit b hin trng phn tn (SIMATIC ET- 200), trong cc DP Master v Slave trao i d liu vo/ra t, tc cao. Khong cch truyn ln v tin cy cao. DP Slave: l thit b hin trng tng thch vi cc module vo/ra c kt ni qua giao din PROFIBUS DP (CP, IM) vi b iu khin trung tm. /v Chng trnh iu khin trung tm, cc thit b phn tn c nh a ch nh cc thit b trung tm.

PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation)

IEC 61158 - 2, kt ni cc thit b vn hnh trong mi

trng khc nghit, i hi an ton d liu cao. Cho php truyn d liu v ngun cp trn cng mt ng truyn duy nht. Topology: Star/ Line/ Tree. Tc truyn: Fixed 31.25 kbps. Mng PROFIBUS PA c kt ni vi PROFIBUS DP qua cc b chuyn i DP/PA Coupler hay DP/PA Link, trong DP/PA Coupler ch hot ng nh protocol Converter, Kt ni nhiu nht 5 c cu chp hnh, cn DP/PA Link hot ng nh mt slave ca mng DP.

 ProFiBus

FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification):

L giao thc chun kiu thng ip, lng thng tin ln, Truyn gia cc PLCs ca cc hng khc nhau, trao i gia SIMATIC S7/M7/C7 vi PC. u im: D liu c cu trc c truyn i

mt nh dng trung lp, khng ph thuc thit b truyn (non-device specific format) v sau li c chuyn i thnh nh dng tng ng thit b nhn (device-specific format) u kia. PROFIBUS FMS v PROFIBUS DP s dng cng mt k thut truyn v cng giao thc truy nhp bus, do c th hot ng ng thi.

 PROFIBUS

L giao thc truyn thng vi cc thit b tng

thch cc h S5 trao i d liu vi cc mng con.

FDL (Fieldbus Data Link):

 T

Master ca mng l cc module truyn thng

chc mng: dng Master/Slave,

DP (nh CP 342-5 - cho CPU S7 300) Topology: Star, Tree, Line Tn hiu: vi sai, RS 485 hoc Optic Thi gian x l mt vng qut 1ms vi tc truyn l 12Mbps v 5ms vi tc truyn 1.5Mbps

Hnh 207. Profibus

Kt ni vi mng PROFIBUS DP qua cc DP/PA Coupler hoc DP/PA Link + Coupler (khi DP/PA Link l slave ca mng DP nhng l Master ca mng PA)

Mi trng truyn:

Cp xon hai dy c bc (tr khng 150) Cp xon c bc + bo v trong (/v PROFIBUS

PA) cho mi trng khc nghit, IEC 61158 Cp quang: loi tr c nhiu in, tn hao nng lng rt thp. Cp quang c ch to t cht liu nha hoc thu tinh, c th s dng in/out door, khong cch >10km Truyn khng dy (InfraRed Technology): S liu c truyn thng qua Module ILM (Infrared Link Module) c khong cch truyn ti a l 15m.

 C

Token Bus

ch truyn:

Nu mng nhiu active nodes (masters) to thnh mt mng Token Ring logic vi th t xc nh theo a ch ca node . Mi active node mng t nhn bit c cc active node khc. Quyn truy nhp: Token l mt frame c bit c truyn ln lt gia cc active node trong mng Token Ring. 1 node nhn c token (c gn a ch trong token), n c th gi cc frame v ch c gi token trong 1 khong thi gian xc nh - token holding time) c kim sot bi token timer. Khi Time Out, node mng ch c quyn gi i mt thng ip dng u tin cao.

 Active node gi token c kt ni ti cc passive node trao i d liu vi slave kiu polling hoc gi d liu n slaves. Khi mt active node nhn token m khng c yu cu trao i d liu, n chuyn token sang active node tip theo Cc passive node khng c token Cc node c th c thm vo hay loi b trong qu trnh hot ng

Ch Master Slave

Nu mng c 1 active node v nhiu passive

nodes, c gi l h thng Master/Slave. Ch truyn Master/Slave cho php Master nh a ch cho Slaves. Master trao i d liu vi Slave kiu tun t, Master truyn xung Slave thng s cu hnh/ cc lnh trao i d liu, iu khin. Slave gi ln cho Master trng thi, d liu thu thp c v kt qu thc hin cc lnh ca Master.

2.2.2.3. Cc dng vt l ca ProFiBus:

Mng cp quang:

Hnh 208. mng cp quang ca Profibus

 c im mng cp quang:
Chng c nhiu in - t, Thch hp vi cc mng c khong cch truyn ln (khong cch truyn > 10km) Cch ly (in) vi cc thit b hin trng Mng c th c cu trc dng bus, star hoc dng vng Tc truyn t 9.6Kbps ti 12Mbps OBT (Optical Bus Terminal) c dng kt ni cc thit b mng hoc cc segment RS 485 khng qu 31 node vo mng cp quang. OML (Optical Link Module) cho php thit lp cu hnh mng cp quang, c 1 giao din RS 485 v 1 hoc 2 giao din cp quang. Cc loi cp quang dng cho OBT v OLM l khc nhau, c th l cp quang thu tinh, cp quang plastic, cp PCF FOC, glass FOC

Cc thit b mng cp quang:

 Mng

Module ILM c s dng kt ni khng dy

cc slave ring l hoc slave segments, cho php iu khin v truyn thng vi cc thit b di ng, max 1.5Mbps, 15m. Tia hng ngoi dng truyn d liu c pht trong di +/100 so vi trc thng.

khng dy:

Hnh 209. Wireless ProFiBus network

PROFIBUS PA:

Tt trong mi trng CN

nh bi kim loi, n/ axit cao, p sut, tO cao... Tc truyn c nh, 31.25Kbps Truyn tn hiu v nng lng (ngun cp) trn cng mt cp 2 dy Tn hiu c m ho Manchester II Hnh 210. Manchester II Code

Hnh 211. Profibus PA Network

Hnh 212. Quan h Khong cch U/I ca PA

 Cc thit b mng PROFIBUS PA:

Nhiu loi T/b cho cc ng dng khc nhau (w/wo Ex) Cable: nha PVC chng chy, in p trn cp khng qu 100V. Split T Connector: kt ni thit b slave PA vo ng PROFIBUS PA chung DP/PA Link: c ghp ni vi DP/PA. Tc truyn thng PA: 31.25Kbps, tc DP khi c DP/PA Link c th ln ti 12Mbps. 1 DP/PA Link c th ghp ni vi ti a 5 DP/PA coupler. DP/PA coupler chuyn i format 11bit/char (Async) => 8bit/char (Sync) v i tc truyn. DP/PA coupler cp ngun cho cc thit b hin trng v gii hn dng ti a trn mch. Mi trng nguy him (Ex version) dng gii hn l 90mA, trong mi trng bnh thng (non-Ex version) l 400mA.

 Mng

RS 485:

tn hiu in:

RS 485: tn hiu p vi sai, khong cch >1 km trn ng cp xon 2 dy c v bc. Cp truyn trong mng c chia thnh cc segment c tr khng khng i. Cc thit b c ni vo mng (node mng) qua bus terminal vi tap line hoc bus connector (thit b kt ni/gic cm) C ti a 32 node mng trn mt segment. Cc on c kt ni vi nhau bi cc repeater. C th c ti a 9 repeater trong mt network. Cc cable terminator phi c cp ngun trc khi c kch hot. Bus connector v bus terminal c cp ngun bi thit b DTE gn vo n, cn repeater, terminator, ILM c ngun ring.

Hnh 213: S PROFIBUS - RS 485 s dng repeater

 C cu trc m, linh ng vi cc bus terminal, bus connector, repeater cho php d dng gn cc thit b mng, m rng mng hay thay i cu hnh mng. ng truyn vi sai cho php cc thit b c th dng hot ng (deactivated) m khng h lm nh hng n hot ng ca mng Lp n gin, khng cn kin thc chuyn mn su Khong cch gim, tc truyn tng ln Cn c thit b bo v chng st khi lp t ngoi tri

 Cu hnh mng: Dng bus, cu trc t do, dng repeater Mi trng: Cp xon 2 dy c v bc Chiu di mng v tc : 1000m - 187.5 Kbps 400m 500 Kbps 200m 1.5 Mbps 100m 12 Mbps S Repeater max: 9 S node trong mt segment max: 32 trong mt network: 127 Tc truyn: 9.6 kbps, 19.2, 45.45, 93.75, 187.5, 1.5 Mbps, 3, 6 v 12 Mbps

Mng PROFIBUS DP

M hnh mng

PROFIBUS DP:
PROFIBUS DP (Distributed I/O) l giao din chun trao i d liu vo ra gia cc trm SIMATIC S7/M7/C7 vi cc thit b hin trng phn tn nh SIMATIC ET 200, trong cc DP Master v DP Slave trao i mt khi lng nh d liu vo/ra mt cch tun t vi tc cao. Hnh 213b. Simatic ET200

Hnh 213c. Mng Profibus DP

 Ghp ni PLC SIMATIC S7:

Chng trnh ng dng PLC SIMATIC S7 iu khin v kim sot qu trnh truyn thng trn mng PROFIBUS bng cc khi chng trnh FC (cho S7300) v SFC (cho S7-400). Cc FC thc hin cc chc nng sau:
Chuyn d liu ra t vng nh ca PLC (process image, bit memory, data block) ti cc thit b hin trng c d liu vo t thit b hin trng ti vng nh xc nh ca PLC Thc hin cng vic gim st v chn on

 Cc trm lm vic trong h PROFIBUS DP:

DP Master (class 1): thit b thc hin cc tc v iu khin DP Slaves: cc thit b hin trng, nhn lnh t Master v gi d liu v master DP Master (class 2 tu chn): thit b lp trnh, chun on hoc qun l

Cc dng truyn thng trong mng DP t cu hnh Modular/ Compact DP Slaves (Trao i d liu Slave <=> Master)

Trong c ch ny, DP Master polling ln lt cc slave, gi v nhn d liu vi slave . a ch vo/ra ca cc slave c nh t ng khi Hnh t cu hnh mng

214. Trao i d liu

DP Master Slave (a)

 t cu hnh vi Intelligent
DP Slave (Trao i d liu trc tip Slave <> Master)
I-Slave l cc thit b c kh nng thao tc c lp v t x l s liu vi cc c cu chp hnh gn vi n trc khi gi s liu v master (nh CPU S7, Drives...). Master khng trc tip truy nhp cc I/O module gn vi Islave, m ch truy nhp vo vng a ch ca CPU ca Islave. Do , a ch ca cc I/O module do I-slave qun l, c t trong khi khai bo cu hnh mng cho DP I-slave.

Hnh 215. Trao i d liu ISlave Master (b)

 Trao i d liu

trc tip Slave > Islave

Cc DP Slave c th trao i d liu trc tip vi cc Intelligent slave vi tc cao m khng qua master. Hnh 216. Trao i d liu Slave-Islave (c)

 Trao i d liu qua 2 trm: trc tip Slave => Islave

Cc intelligent slave c th c d liu t cc slave vi tc cao, c cc slave cng hay khc master vi i-slave .

Hnh 217. Direct data XCGH (d)

 Trao i d liu gia 2 trm Master (Trao i d liu trc

tip Slave => Master)
Trong ch ny, d liu t cc slave hay i-slave c th c master ny hay master khc trn cng mng PROFIBUS DP truy nhp. C ch ny c gi l chia s u vo v d liu c s dng cho gia cc h thng PROFIBUS DP.

Hnh 218. Trao i s liu (e)

2.2.2.4. Hot ng ca Mng Profibus DP Master Profibus CP DP Master v DP Slave CPU Cycle & DP Polling Cycle

2.3. MODBUS Protocol:

L Giao thc chun cho cc ng truyn mng cp thp ( c RS232/485/422) do Modicon/ AEG/ Schneider Automation Thng dng trong cc PLC, cc computerized sensor, cc drives, trong cc h SCADA, DCS Nhiu hng dng C cc qui c trao i lnh, d liu, diagnostics Truyn thng mc thp (232/485), gm standard modbus v trn cc giao thc khc: TCP/IP, MAP, Master/Slave:

Master: Command (query message) Slave: Response message

Hnh 219 S Modbus

Hnh 220. Kch bn MODBUS

 Device

Address: gm 247 slaves, a ch 0 l Broadcast Function code 8bit data bytes, ty s lng CRC Error checking Characters: 7/8 bit data, PE or Non ASCII/ RTU modes:

ASCII: breaking down 1 byte = 2 ASCII

characters: 7, [PE/ PO], 1[2] RTU: binary character: 8,[PE/PO], 1[2]

Hnh 221. MODBUS Format of Frames

Format of packet:

Hnh 222. MODBUS Packet

ASCII format
Functions: Read Reg, Fetch Eventlog, Diagnostic, Preset Reg

RTU format:
start: 4 space chr Time out: 1,5 char time End(n)start(n+1)

2.4. IEC 870-5-101 Protocol

2.4.1. Gii thiu chung v IEC 870-5-101.

Giao thc IEC 870-5 do t chc IEC (International

Electrotechnical Commission)Technical Committee 57 cho cc lnh vc telecontrol, teleprotection v telecommunication ca cc h thng nng lng. C 5 ti liu c t v chun giao thc ny: IEC 870-5-1 (Transmission Frame Formats) IEC 870-5-2 (Data Link Transmission Services) IEC 870-5-3 (General Structure Of Application Data) IEC 870-5-4 (Definition And Coding Of Information Elements) IEC 870-5-5 (Basic Application Functions)

Giao thc IEC 870-5-101 cho cc ng dng c s dng cc RTU iu khin xa, cc nh ngha v c t ca giao thc ny c la chn t 5 ti liu trn. L giao thc truyn thng gia cc thit b u cui (RTU) v h thng trung tm (Central Station). Thng tin theo hng t thit b u cui (RTU) ti Central Station thng l cc thng s o RTU thu thp t cc thit b vt l (nh tn s, in p, dng in, cng sut) v thng tin theo hng ngc li thng l cc lnh iu khin hot ng thit b vt l.

 Mt

s nh ngha:

Controlling Station: Trm iu khin hot ng ton b h thng. Controlled Station: Cc trm cp di hoc thit b thu thp s liu RTU. Unbalanced Mode: L ch hot ng m ch c Controlling Station khi u mt phin truyn nhn. Balanced Mode: L ch hot ng m tt c cc trm u c th khi u mt phin truyn nhn.

 2.4.2.

Cu trc giao thc

Giao thc a ra m hnh phn lp mng bao gm 3 lp:

Application layer Data link layer Physical layer Application layer Data link layer Phisical layer

Hnh 223. IEC 780 Layers

Phisical Layer:

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) of the controlling station

Data circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE)

Data circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE)

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) of the controlled station

Serial telecontroll channel

Data circuit

Hnh 224. IEC Physical Layers

Link layer:
Cung

cp cc th tc truyn thng, s dng trng iu khin v trng a ch. Lin kt gia cc trm c th c thc hin theo ch truyn thng unbalanced /balanced mode. Nu s lin kt gia trm iu khin trung tm v cc trm khc chia s cng mt ng truyn th ch hot ng phi l unbalanced mode.

Application layer

Application

Service Data Units (ASDU): l cu trc d liu trn tng ng dng. Cc ASDU thc cht l 1 frame c cha s liu hay lnh iu khin.

2.4.3. Cc c t v truyn thng

Cc

c t ny nh ngha cu hnh mng, nh dng chun k t v cc lut truyn thng. Cu hnh mng: bao gm cc dng sau:
Point - to point, figures @ next page Multiple point - to - point Party line Redundant line

Hnh 2.2 Cc m hnh mng ca giao thc IEC 870-5-101

Point - to - point Multiple point - to - point Party line Redundant line

Controlling Station

Controlling Station

Controlling Station

Controlling Station

Controlled Station

Controlled Station

Controlled Station

Controlled Station

Controlled Station

Controlled Station

Hnh 225. IEC Models

Controlled Station



Character format: 1 Start bit, 1 Stop bit, 1 Parity bit (even) v 8 Data bits Transmission rules:
ng truyn ri l mc nh phn 1. Mi k t c mt bit khi u (binary = 0), 8 bit thng tin, mt bit parity (chn) v mt bit stop(binary = 1). Khng c c khong thi gian ri trn ng truyn gia cc k t trong cng mt frame. Khong thi gian xc nh li gia cc frame cho php nh nht l 33 bit (3 k t) Cc k t d liu c kt thc bi 8 bits checksum (CS). Checksum c thc hin trn ton b cc byte mang d liu. Pha nhn thc hin kim tra: Cc bt khng mng tin/char: bit start, bit stop v parity bit. i vi mi frame: k t start, di (2 bytes trong frame c di khng c nh), check sum ca frame v k t kt thc

2.4.4 nh dng frame d liu

Giao

thc IEC 870-5-101 s dng ba nh dng frame

Frame c di thay i Frame c di c nh Frame ch c mt k t

Hnh 226. IEC 780-5 Frames

 Frame

c di thay i: truyn d liu gia controlling v controlled station. Frame c di c nh: dng cho cc dch v ca link layer. Frame ch c mt k t: xc nhn cc hot ng nh ng b thi gian, yu cu d liu...

 Cu

trc d liu

IEC 870-5-101 nh ngha: Cc Application Service Data Unit (ASDU) cha thng tin truyn thng gia cc trm. Cc ASDU c nh ngha l cc frame d liu c di khng c nh. nh dng ca frame: Khi u frame:
1 byte START CHARACTER 2 byte FRAME LENGTH 1 byte START CHARACTER 1 byte LINK ADDRESS

Kt thc frame:

1 byte CHECKSUM 1 byte STOP CHARCTER

Hnh 226. Formats of Application Service Data Unit

 Mi

ASDU bao gm hai phn:

DATA UNIT IDENTIFIER:

1 byte TYPE IDENTIFICATION, 1 byte VARIABLE STRUCTURE QUALIFIER, 1 hay 2 byte CAUSE OF TRANSMISSION, 1 hay 2 byte COMMON ADDRESS OF ASDU

INFORMATION OBJECT:
Nu ASDU c truyn t Controlled Station theo yu cu s liu t Controlling Station th ASDU thng tin cc i tng c th km theo th thi gian. Nu ASDU c truyn t Controlling Station th thng tin c cha l thi gian nu l lnh ng b thi gian hay l trng thi trong lnh iu khin...

2.4.5. Command set and Scenario

Command set:
Station initialisation: Khi to cc trm. Data acquisition by polling: Thu thp s liu kiu polling Cyclic data transmission: Truyn d liu c tnh chu k. Acquisition of events: Thu thp s kin. General interrogation: Th tc Controlling Station cp nht cc Controlled Station, thc hin sau khi khi to. Clock synchronisation: ng b thi gian. Command transmission: Truyn lnh iu khin. Transmission of integrated totals: Thu thp gi tr m xung. Parameter loading: Np tham s cho Controlled Station. Test procedure: Th tc kim tra s kt ni gia cc trm. File transfer: Truyn file. Acquisition of transmission delay: Xc nh tr ng truyn.

A Case Study: Acquisition of events

Cc s kin xy ra c lu tr trong buffer ca Controlled Station cho cc s kin xy ra nhanh hn so vi tc truyn thng. Khi Controlling Station hi Controlled Station yu cu cc s kin th c hai kh nng xy ra: khng c s kin trong buffer v c s kin trong buffer ca Controlled Station.

Trng hp khng c s kin trong buffer: Controlled Station tr li NACK di dng message ch c mt k t (05H) hay hay mt frame c di c nh (fixes frame) mang thng ip "Requested data not available". Trng hp c s kin trong buffer: Controlled Station tr li bng mt fixed frame NACK nhng bit trng thi = 1 bo hiu cho Controlling Station c s kin. Controlling gi message "Request user data class 1" yu cu v Controlled tr bng mt ASDU cha s kin, ASDU ny c th cha ton b hoc mt vi s kin ca Controlled Station.