z

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG

Lun vn
Thc hin b chuyn ngun t ng
ATS bng PLC S7-400

LI NI U
Ngy nay nhu cu s dng in nng, cc thit b in ngy cng c
s dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc cuc sng .Kh nng t ng ho cc qu
trnh ngy c quan tm t ln hng u.Trong 1 s lnh vc cng nghip
hay dn dng nhu cu cung cp in cn phi m bo lin tc trong sut qu
trnh hot ng ca qu trnh.N m bo qu trnh sn xut l lien tc em
li cht lng ca sn phm. c bit l em lai an ton cho tnh mng con
ngi, an ton ca thit b tiu th in.Do vy b i khin ATS c th gii
quyt c vn trn,n l 1 mt xch quan trng trong h thng cung cp
in cho h ph ti loi 1.
Nay em c nhn ti : Thc hin b chuyn ngun t ng
ATS bng PLC S7-400 . c s gip ca thy gio ThS ng Hng Hi
,kt hp vi kin thc hc nay em xin trnh by ni dung bn n tt
nghip gm 3 chng nh sau.
Chng 1: Nghin cu cu trc phn cng PLC S7 400.
Chng 2: Nghin cu cu trc phn mm ca PLC S7 400.
Chng 3: Nghin cu b iu khin ATS
Sinh vin thc hin

ng Vn Hinh

CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V PLC S7 400
1.1. TNG QUT CHUNG V B IU KHIN LOGIC PLC
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh Programmable Logic Controller),
vit tt l PLC l 1 h vi x l chuyn dng iu khin t ng cc thit b
in hoc cc qu trnh cng nghip.
Trong h thng iu khin, PLC l 1 khu trung gian trong vic x l cc
thng tin ri a ra cc tn hiu ti cc thit b chp hnh.
Ngy nay cc thit b iu khin c thay th cc h iu khin cc r le
thng thng, s dng bn dn bng cc b iu khin lp trnh.
u im:
- Gim bt qu trnh ghp ni dy v vy m gim c gi thnh u t.
- Gim c din tch lp t, it khi xy ra hng hc, lm vic tin cy,
tc x l nhanh, kh nng chng nhiu tt, bo tr bo dng tt hn
v cu trc lun theo kiu mdul.
Nhc im :
- Cha thch hp cho qu trnh nh ch c 1 vi tn hiu vo ra v th khi
dung th gi thnh rt cao.
- Ngn ng h ng ( ngn ng bng cc hng ring ) nn kh thay th .
c cc chc nng iu khin nh trn th PLC ng vai tr nh l 1 my
tnh tc l phi c b vi x l (CPU),h iu hnh, b nh v cc cng vo ra
giao tip vi cc i tng khc. Bn cnh PLC cn c cc khi vi cc
chc nng c bit nh b m (counter), b thi gian (timer) v cc khi
hm chuyn dng.

B nh chng trnh

Timer
Khi vi x l trung
tm
+
H iu hnh

B m
Vo ra

B m
Bit c

Bus ca PLC

Cng vo ra
onboard

Qun l ghp ni

Cng ngt v m tc
cao

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc ca b PLC

1.2 Gii thiu v PLC S7-400 .
PLC S7-400 l mt sn phm PLC mnh, t cao x l cao, qun l b
nh tt, kt ni mng cng nghip. tnh nng S7-400 c nhiu tnh nng so
vi S7-300. c bit v tnh nng truyn thng .
-Tc x l: Tc nhanh, tc x l lnh nhanh ln ti 0.1 ti
0.2s, chu k vng qut nh. Tp lnh mnh v hon chnh p ng cc
nhim v phc tp . C th nh (MMC- flash Eproom) m rng b nh
hoc backup d liu.
- Truyn thng: S7-400 s dng cc mng truyn thng nh sau
INDUSTRIAL ERTHERNET cho cp gim st, PROFIBUS cho cp trng,
AS-I cm bin thit b chp hnh , MPI ni gia cc thit b CPU, PG/PC,
TD/TO .S dng cc loi hinh mng im-im hoc bus truyn thng qua
giao din tch hp trn bus trng s dng CPU hoc IM ( modul giao din
hoc FM, CP )

- Giao din MPI: MPI l giao din tch hp cc h thng PG/PC,

HMI vi cc h thng SIMATIC S7/C7/WinAC, c th ni ti a ti 125
im MPI vi tc truyn ti 187.5Kbit/s.Thng qua MPI m ta c th
truyn d liu gia cc b iu khin vi nhau, c ngha l 1 CPU c th truy
cp ti nhiu cc u vo ra khc nhau ca cc b iu khin khc . Ngoi ra
HM cn c tch hp trong h iu hnh S7-400 v truyn d liu ti cc
tram vn hnh m khng cn lp trnh gip iu khin vn hnh v giao din.
- Giao din PROFIBUS DP: S7-400 c th ni vo bus trng
PROFIBUS c th d dng to ra chng trnh phn tn gip truyn thng vi
cc thit b trng. Cc modul vao ra phn tn c thit lp bng STEP7
tng t nh cc modul vo ra tp chung, do vy S7-400 c th c s dng
lm cc trm master hay slave.
- Tnh nng chia s: C th iu khin gim st v lp trnh thng qua
c 2 giao din (MPI v PD ) v d nh cho 1 thit b PG c th lp trnh v
vn hnh cho nhiu CPU hoc nhiu thit b PG c th truy cp 1 CPU.
- Giao din ph: Ngoi giao din MPI,DP, S7-400 cn c them 1 s
cng serial(PtP-Point to Point), ni cc my qut . y l giao din
RS422/RS485 co php tc truyn 38.4Kbit/s.
Mt s CPU c cu trc u vo ra c bit m hoc o lng cc
my pht xung, hoc c cc chc nng tch hp iu khin v tr vi nhng
u vo ra c bit.
1.2.1. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC S7-400.
Thng thng tng tnh
mm do trong thc t m phn
ln cc i tng iu khin c s tn
hiu vo ra cng nh chng loi tn
hieu vo ra khc nhau m cc iu
khin PLC khng b cng ho v cu
Hnh 1.2. Cu hnh ca 1 PLC S7-400
4

hnh. Chng c chia nh thnh cc mdul.S modul s dng nhiu hay t

tu thuc vo tng cng ngh, song bao gi cng c modul chnh l modul
CPU , cc modul cn li l cc modul truyn nhn tn hiu i vi i tng
iu khin, cc modul chc nng chuyn dng nh PID, iu khin ng c.
Chng c gi l modul m rng v c b tr trn cng 1 gi gi l
Rack. Bt k 1 trm PLC bao gi cng c cc thnh phn c bn sau:
1- Cc RACK.
2- Mdul ngun cp.
3- Trung tm vi x l CPU.
4- Cc mdul m rng vo ra.
5- Cc modul truyn thng.
Ngoi ra cn c cc cng tc chn ch lm vic v cc n bo hiu l
cc LED dung bo cc trng thi hin hnh ca PLC.
1.2.1.1.Cc thanh RACK. (gi ).
l cc khung c kh ca SIMATIC S7-400 dng bo v cc modul,
cung cp in p ngun v kt ni gia cc modul qua bus ni b.
a. Gi lp trung tm.
+ Dng cho cc b iu khin trung tm
+ Dng cho cc cng vic t ng ho phn tn qua s h tr 4 modul
+ Dng to ra h thng S7-400 H hon chnh trong 1 gi n
+ Thch hp cho S7-400: vn hnh 2CPU rieng bit vi cc CPU u vo ra
ring ca tng CPU
+ Cng co th dung nh gi m rng
+ Dng cho ti a 18 modul.
Gi lp b S7-400 bng cc thanh ray nhm chun DIN c chiu di c
nh vi bus v cc gic ni pha sau c th c lm gi lp trung tm
(CR) gi lp m rng (ER) hoc kt hp c hai (UR , gi lp vn nng).

Ga lp trung tm S7-400 c 18 hoc 19 v tr cc mdul (UR1 hoc

UR2) vi chiu rng nht nh. Ngun cung cp v CPU cng c cm trn
khe cm c th dng ti 2 v tr cho mdul. Thng thng modul ngun c
lp vo tn cng bn tri ca gi lp, tip theo l CPU v cc modul vo ra.
C th la chn v tr theo yu cu .Cc modul khng cn thit l phai c
cm gn nhau, c th c khong cm ga. Cc modul giao tip dung kt
ni vi cc gi lp m rng c lp chn vo gia bn phi ca gi lp. Cc
v tr cc modul c kt ni vi nhau bng cc bus pha sau bng cc ng
trc vo ra u song song v cc ng trc truyn d liu u ni tip.
Gi lp phn on 2 cho php s dng 2 CPU trn 1 ngun cung cp
chung. Cc CPU trao i d liu qua ng trc truyn d liu, nhng tng
CPU li s dng cc ng BUS tn hiu vo ra ca mnh. Phn on bn tri
cho 10 modul vo ra cn phn on bn phi cho 8.
Gi lp phn on UR2-H gm c hai phn on, mi phn on gm
c 9 khe cm. C th dung gi lp ny nh 1 gi lp trung tm hoc 1 gi lp
m rng cho cc trm S7-400 tiu chun hoc c trm cao cp S7-400H. Mi
phn on ny i hi ngun cung cp ring, ng trc truyn cc tn hiu
vo ra v d liu l ring bit.
UR1( gi chung )
+ Dng cho cc CPU v cc thit
b m rng
+ Dng cho ti a 18 mdul
+ Ngoi ra thch hp vi S7 400
UR2 ( gi chung )
+ Dng cho c c CPU v cc
thit b m rng
+ Dng ti a cho 9 mdul
+ Cng thch hp cho S7-400

Hinh 1.3 Cu hnh ca Rack PLC S7-400

CR2 ( gi trung t m )
+ Dng cho cc CPU
+ Ti a 18 modul
+ Cc rack c phn chia:Dng cho 2 CPU ca S7-400 hot ng
ca 1 rack c lp khng c ch nhiu my tnh S7-400, nhng c truyn
thong cc CPU thong qua BUS ni b. C 2 CPU c th nh a ch cc b ,
cc m dul vo ra c tch ri
b. Ga lp m rng
Nu s lng v tr cho cc modul vo ra trn gi lp trung tm khng
hoc nu cn phi lp t 1 s modul lp xa v tr modul trung tm, ta
phai s dng 1 vi gi lp m rng v kt ni chng vi gi lp trung tm
bng cc modul giao tip IM. C th ni nhiu nht 21 gi lp m rng vo 1
gi lp trung tm . a ch ca mi gi lp c t bng phm trn modul
.Modul giao tip IM lun phi c lp t cc phi ca gi n rng .
Cc modul giao tip IM460-1v IM 461-1 cho php lp t cc gi lp
m rng , mi modul 1 gi lp, cch cc gi lp trung tm khong 1,5 m .
Ngun cung cp l in p 5V. Cc modul giao tip IM 360-1 v IM 362-0
cho php lp ti 4 gi lp m rng, cch gi lp trung tm khong 3m .Vi
khong cch xa hn, ti 100m c th dung cc mdul IM 360-3 v IM 31-3,
kt ni vi cc gi lp m rng.
Cc gi lp m rng ER1 v
ER2 ti 18 v 19 khe cm , dung cho
cc modul tn hiu n gin khng
c x l bo ng , khng i hi
ngun 24v 1 chiu ln ngun d
phng v khng giao tip ng trc
truyn d liu. Ga lp UR2 v UR1
c hai ng BUS v c s dng

H nh 1.4. Qut lm mt

nh cc gi lp trung tm hoc c m rng vi s k hiu t 1 n

Qut lm mt
+ Dng cho SIMATIC S7-400
+ Cn thit khi s dng cc modul pht ra lng nhit ln
B qut lm mt dung cho tt c cc gi vi in p ngun l 24VDC v
120/230 VAC, c 10 b lc bi .
1.2.1.2 Trung tm vi x l CPU
CPU l khi vi x l l thnh
phn c bn ca S7 400 l ni x
l mi thng tin ca h thng, nhn
thng tin a v s dng cc thut
ton iu khin a ra tn hiu
ph hp. L modul c cha b vi
x l, h iu hnh, b nh,cc b

Hnh 1.4. Cu hnh ca modul CPU

thi gian, b mcc cng truyn

thng v c 1 s cc cng vo ra s cn c gi l cng vo ra

onboard.Trong cc tr s ca b m c cha trong b nh ng dng,
tu theo yu cu ca ngi dng m c th chn cc b nh sau.
- B nh ROM l b nh khng th thay i c, b nh ny ch np
vo 1 ln nn n t c s dng ph bin nh cc b nh khc.
- B nh RAM l loi b nh c th thay i c v c dng cha
chng trnh ng dng cng nh d liu, d liu ny s b mt i khi
mt in . Tuy nhin iu ny c khc phc c bng cch ta dng
Pin d phng.
- B nh EPROM cng nh b nh ROM, ngun nui cho EPROM
khng cn ngun Pin, tuy nhin ni dung cha trong n ch c th c
xo bng cch ta chiu tia cc tm vo 1 ca s nh trn EPROM v
np li ni dung bng my np chuyn dng.

- B nh EEPROM l b nh tch hp c hai u im ca b nh ROM

v EEPROM b ny c th xo np bng tn hiu in.Tuy nhin s ln
np cng ch c gii hn.
Cu trc ca CPU bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
+ Khi n LED hin th cc trng thi v cc trng thi li.
+ Cc cng tc chn ch .
+ Khe cm cc th nh m rng.
+ Cc cng truyn thng( giao din ).
+ Khi ngun v cc pin d phng.
Phn loi CPU bao gm cc loi sau:
CPU 412-1,412-2,CPU 414-2,414-3,CPU 416-3,416-2,CPU 417-4,CPU
41X 3 PN/DP vv.
Tng ng vi tng loai CPU ta c cc cu trc c th sau:
Cu trc CPU loi 41x-2 gm c.
a)Khi n LED: bao gm cc n INTF, EXTF, BUS1F, BUS2F,FRCE,
MAINT, RUN, STOP
b) Khe cm cc th nh
m rng.
c) Cng truyn thng c
2 cng chnh:
- Cng MPI/PROFIBUS
- Cng PROFIBUS DP
d) Khe

cm dnh cho

mdul giao din

e) Cng tc chn

Hnh 1.5. Cu hinh phn cng ca CPU 41x-2

Cu trc ca CPU loi 417-4 gm c :

a)Khi n LED: bao gm cc n
INTF, EXTF, BUS1F, BUS2F,
IFM1F, IFM2F, FRCE, MAINT,
RUN, STOP
b) Khe cm cc th nh m rng.
c) Cng truyn thng c 2 cng
chnh:
- Cng MPI/PROFIBUS
- Cng PROFIBUS DP
d) Khe

cm dnh cho mdul

giao din
e) Cng tc chn cc ch

Hnh 1.6. Cu hnh phn cng ca

RUN, STOP, RE:

CPU 417-4

Cu trc ca CPU loi 41x -3 gm c :

a) Khi n LED: bao gm cc n INTF, EXTF, BUS1F, BUS2F,
IFM1F, IFM2F,FRCE, MAINT, RUN, STOP, LINK, RX/TX.
b) Khe cm cc th nh m rng.
c) Cng truyn thng cng
MPI/PROFIBUS
d) Khe cm dnh cho mdul giao
din
e) Cng tc chn cc ch RUN,
STOP, RESET

Hnh 1.8. Cu hnh phn cng

ca CPU 41x-3 PN/DP
10

Cu hinh ca CPU 41x-3 PN/D

a)Khi n LED: bao gm cc
n INTF, EXTF, BUS1F,
BUS5F, IFM1F, FRCE, MAINT,
RUN, STOP,LED LINK, LED
RX/TX.
b) Khe cm cc th nh m rng.
c) Cng truyn thng c 2 cng
chnh:
- Cng MPI/PROFIBUS
- Cng PROFIBUS DP
d) Khe cm dnh cho mdul
giao din
e) Cng tc chn

Hnh 1.7. Cu hinh phn cng

ca CPU 41x-3

Chc nng ca cc thnh phn:

n LED
n
INTF

n
sang
mu
Red

Hin thi li

Cc CPU tng ng

Bo li bn
trong
Bo li ngoi

CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,

414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
EXTF
Red
CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,
414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
MAINT Yellow Chc nng
CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,
414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
RUN
Green Ch chy
CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,
414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
STOP
Yellow Ch dng
CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,
414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
BUS1F Red
Bo li ti cng CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3,
MPI/PRO1
414-3PM/DP, 416-3PN/DP..
BUS2F Red
Bo li ti cng CPU 412-2, 412-1, 416-2, 414-3
MPI/PRO2
IFM1F Red
Bo li modul , 414-3, 414-3PM/DP, 416giao din 1
3PN/DP..
IFM2F Red
Bo li modul , 414-3, 414-3PM/DP, 416giao din 2
3PN/DP..

11

Cng tc dng la chn cc ch hin hnh ca CPU v la chn bng

cng tc 3 v tr
Khe cm cho th nh m rng.
Ta dng 1 khe cm cho cc th nh m rng( 2 th nh m rng )
+ RAM CARD
Ta c th m rng cho b nh ca CPU bng RAM CARD, RAM l b
nh ngoi ca PLC c th c ghi h tr cho vic x l thng tin ca CPU .
+FLASH CARD
Khe cm cho mdul truyn thng
Ta c th chen 1 mdul PROFIBUS DP cho modul CPU 41x-3 v CPU
417-4 vo trong khe cm .
Giao din MPI/DP : Ta c th dng n kt ni vi cc thit b khc
nhau nh:
+ Thit b chng trnh
+ Cng c iu khin v thit b gim st
+ 1 s b iu khin S7-400 v S7-300 khc
Cng truyn thng PROFIBUS DP : Chc nng dng kt ni vi cc
thit b vo ra phn tn , thit b chng trnh v 1 s cc trm ch
Giao din PROFINET:Ta c th kt ni vi PROFINET IO bng giao din
PROFINET,cng PROFNET c th kt ni vi mng ETHERNET cng nghip
Ch : Ta ch c th kt ni vi mng ETHERNET LAN bng cng
truyn thng ny v khng c th kt ni vi mng vin thng.
Khi ngun v pin d phng.
Trong PLC S7-400 ta c th ci 1 trong 2 pin d phng cn ph thuc vo
tng loi mdul, nh vic s dng ny m em li nhng hiu qu sau:
+ Chng trnh ng dng c lu gi li trong RAM.
+Lu giu c cc gi tr ca b m thi gian , b m counter ,d liu
ca h thng v cc d liu khc.

12

+ Lm ngun d phng cho ng h bn trong . Tuy nhin nhng chc

nng ny t oc l nh bi oc cung cp bng 1 ngun p c di in p
gii hn t 5VDC ti 15VDC ca b pin kch thch bn ngoi EXTBATTca CPU.
Pin ngoi EXT-BATT c u vo oc th hin :
+ Gii hn dng in ngn mch ti gi tr 20mA.
+ Chc nng bo v o chiu phn cc ca pin.
Ta cn phi c 1 ng cp c kch thc l 25mm dng kt ni b ngun
cung cp vi pin EXT-BATT.

13

Cc thng s k thut ca 1 s loi CPU in hnh

CPU 412-1

CPU412-2

CPU 414-2

CPU 414-3

B nh
c tch hp sn

48 KB cho chng 72 KB cho chng 128KB

cho

chng 384 KB cho chng trnh

trnh

trnh

trnh

48KB cho d liu

72KB cho d liu

128KB cho d liu

384KB cho d liu

khng

Khng

khng

khng

256 KBRAM

256 KBRAM

-Vi th nh

-Vi th nh

-Vi th nh (FEPRAM)

FEPROMc kh nng nng (FEPRAM) ln ti

(FEPRAM) ln ti

(FEPRAM) ln ti 64

ln ti 64 MB

cp.

64 MB

64 MB

MB

-Vi th nh (RAM) ln

RAM c th m rng

-Vi th nh (RAM) -Vi th nh (RAM) -Vi th nh (RAM) ln ti 64 MB

c kh nng m rng

B nh chng trnh ng 256 KB RAM

dng c tch hp sn

-Vi th nh

256 KB RAM

ln ti 64 MB

ln ti 64 MB

ti 64 MB

-thao tc vi bit

0.2s

0.2s

0.1s

0.1s

-thao tc vi t

0.2s

0.2s

0.1s

0.1s

-php cng du phy tnh

0.2s

0.2s

0.1s

0.1s

-Php cng du phy ng

0.6s

0.6s

0.6s

0.6s

Thi gian thc hin

14

B m S7

256

256

256

256

-la chn b m

T C0 ti

C256 T C0 ti

C256 T C0 ti

C256

T C0 ti

C256

-mc nh

T C0 ti

C7

C7

C7

T C0 ti

C7

-di m

T 1 ti 999

T 1 ti 999

256

256

B nh thi S7

T C0 ti

T C0 ti
T 1 ti 999

T 1 ti 999

256

256

-la chn b inh thi

T T0 ti T255

T T0 ti T255

T T0 ti T255

T T0 ti

-mc nh

khng

khng

khng

khng

-di thi gian

T 1ms ti 9990s

T 1ms ti 9990

T 1ms ti 9990

T 1ms ti 9990

ln khi ti a

T255

48KB

64KB

64KB

64KB

S cc ngt li

S cnh bo qu trnh

S ngt theo thi im

Cc ngt theo thi gian tr

STEP7 V5.0 SP2

STEP7 V5.0 SP2

STEP7 V5.0 SP2

(LAD,CSF,STL)

(LAD,CSF,STL)

(LAD,CSF,STL)SCL,

SCL,CFC,GRAGH

SCL,CFC,GRAGH

CFC,GRAGH

Ngn ng lp trnh

15

Dng in v in p
in p cung cp
Dng tiu th t S7-400

nh mc 24V

nh mc 24V

nh mc 24V

nh mc 24V

1.5A -1.6A

1.5A -1.6A

1.5A -1.6A

1.5A -1.6A

10A ti 300 A

10A ti 300 A

10A ti 300 A

10A ti 300

BUS
Dng d phng

A
Ngun in p

5 n 15V

5 n 15V

5 n 15V

5 n 15V

8W

8W

8W

8W

kch thc

25x290x219

5x290x219

5x290x219

5x290x219

Khi lng

700g

700g

700g

700g

12Mbit/s

12Mbit/s

12Mbit/s

12Mbit/s

S DP slave ti a

32

32

32

32

S khe cn ti a

512

512

512

512

Di a ch ti a

2KB

2KB

2KB

2KB

Tn hao cng sut

Tc truyn

16

1.2.1.3 Modul ngun PS.

a) Chc nng ca modul
ngun.
Cung cp ngun cho cc
modul khc ca S7-400 trn
cng 1 gi vi cp in
p nh nhau thong qua 1
ng BUS a nng nhng
n khng cung cp ngun
cho modul tn hiu.
b) c im ca modul ngun.

Hnh 1.9. Cu hnh ca modul ngun

- Lm mt i lu t nhin.
- Cc cng kt ni ngun p AC- DC c m ho.
- Bo v tng lp 1 (tng dn) t
IEC61140, VDE0140.
- Hn ch s xm nhp hin hnh tu theo NOMUR.
- Gim st c 2 in p ra.Nu 1 trong nhng in p b s c th modul
ngun s gi tn hiu li v CPU.
- B pin d phng l tu chn kh cc thong s thit lp v ni dung
ca b nh RAM c lu gi li thng qua ng BUS kt ni vi
CPU.Ngoi ra pin d phng cho php khi ng li CPU.C 2 modul ngun
v modul d phng u cng gim st in p ca pin.
- Cc n LED bo cc trng thi hot ng v li u nm o pha trc
ca modul ngun
Modul ngun d phng.
Mt s ch dn v chc nng ca cc modul.

17

TYPE

M s

in p vo

in p ra

PS407 10A R

6ES7407-

85VAC to 264VAC hay

5VDC/10A hay

0KR00-0AA0

88VDC to 300VDC

24VDC/1A

6ES7407-

85VAC to 264VAC hay

5VDC/10A hay

0KR02-0AA0

88VDC to 300VDC

24VDC/1A

6ES7405-

19,2VDC to 72VDC

5VDC/10A hay

PS407 10A R

PS405 10A R

0KR00-0AA0
PS405 10A R

6ES7405-

24VDC/1A
19,2VDC to 72VDC

5VDC/10A hay

0KR02-0AA0

24VDC/1A

1. Cu hnh ca modul ngun d phng.

t 1 modul ngun ghp ni ngun trong khe 1 v khe 3 trn cng 1
gi ta c th a vo nhiu modul v c cp ngun bi 1 modul
ngun. Ni cch khc khi thao tc t c c modul ch c th a ra gi tr c
dng tng l 10A.
B ngun ny u c nhng c im sau .
- Cc modul du thc hin theo qui cch ca sch ch dn.
- Mi modul u c th cung cp ngun cho cc modul trong cng 1 gi
nu 1 trong cc modul l b li.
- Mi modul ngun c th c trao i qua li
- Mi modul ngun u gim st cc chc nng hot ng ca chng v
s gi i cc thng tin khi chung xy ra li.
- Khong phi cc modul ngun c li l do chnh bn thn n tao ra m
c th do cc modul ngun khc gy ra .
- Li ca modul ngun s c ghi thng qua plug v c hu b tng
phn. Nu ta s dng phn th 2 ca RC2 ta s khng gi c cc
thng tin nu m modul ngun xy ra b li.

18

- Nu c 2 modul ngun c chn vo m ch c 1 modul c bt

ngun,vic cung cp s xy ra tr khi ta bt ngun ln.
2. B ngun c pin d phng
Modul ngun ca S7-400 c 1 bung ngn dung cha pin v c th
dng c cho 1 pin hay 2 pin d phng.Vic s dng cc pin d phng ny
l tu .
a)Chc nng ca cc pin d phng.
- Nu ta ci cc pin d phng vo cc modul ngun th cc tham s ci
t v b nh chng trnh trong RAM s c lu gi li trong CPU nu b
ngun xy ra b li.Ngoi ra ngun p phi t trong phm vi sai s cho php.
- Vic ta s dng ngun pin d phng s cho php khi ng li CPU
sau khi ta bt ngun ln.
- C hai b ngun v modul d phng u gim st in p ca pin.
Ch l khi a thm b ngun vo khe cm v bt cng tc len trc
khi ta a vo 1 pin d phng lc ban u ,iu ny s ko di s duy tr
ngun nui ca pin.
- Mt vi mdul ngun c 1 ngn c dng 2 pin d phng .Nu dng 2 pin
d phng v bt cng tc 2BATT th b ngun s nhn 1 trong 2 pin l pin
d phng vic xc nhn ny cho ti khi pin l trng ,khi pin d phng s dng
ht h thng s chuyn sang s dng pin d tr nh l pin d phng trong thi
gian lm vic .Tnh trng ca pin d phng cng c lu gi khi mt in.
- Thi gian h tr l thi gian ln nht da vo dung lng ca pin h
tr c dng v dong d phng trn khe cm .Dng d phng l tng ca
cc dng ring l ca cc modul c chn vo cng nh cc yu cu ca cc
modul ngun.
b) iu khin v ch dn ca cc modul ngun c pin d phng.
Modul ngun ca S7-400 c nhng phn iu khin v hin th
ging nhau.

19

+ Modul ngun vi 1 pin d phng c 1 n LED (BATT) n s ch dn

cho ta bit l trng pin, bi li hay ht pin d tr
+ Modul ngun vi 1 pin d phng c 2 n LED (BATT1F,BATT2F)
n s ch dn cho ta bit l trng pin, bi li hay ht pin d tr
- ngha cc n LED c lit k bng di y bao gm cc danh
sch li hin th bng n LED.
Cc n LED biu th INTF, 5VDC, 24VDC.
Color

Hin th

INTF

Red

Sng ln khi c 1 li bn trong

5VDC

Green

Sng ln khi in p 5VDC nm trong gii hn

24VDC

Green

Sng ln khi in p 5VDC nm trong gii hn

Led

Cc n LED biu th BAF, BATTF vi cc modul c 1 ngun pin d phng

Led
BAF

Color

Hin th

Red

Sng ln nu in p trn ng dn BUS l

qu thp v cc cng tc v tr BATT

BATF

Yellow

Sng ln nu pin b trng, b o cc tnh

hay cng tc chuyn sang v tr BATT

Cc n LED biu th BAF, BATT1F, BATT2F vi cc modul c2 ngun pin

d phng
Led
BAF

Hin th

Color
Red

Sng ln nu in p trn ng BUS l qu

thp v cng tc v tr 1BATT v 2BATT

BATT1F

Yellow

Sng ln nu trng pin hoc b o cc tnh hoc

ht pin v cng tc v tr 1BATT, 2BATT

BATT2F

Yellow

Sng ln nu trng pin hoc b o cc tnh hoc

ht pin v cng tc v tr 1BATT,2BATT

20

3.Cc cnh bo li biu hin thng qua cc n Led , nguyn nhn v

cch khc phc.
Tt c cc modul ngun ca S7-400 u c biu th cc trng thi li
thng qua cc n Led c b tr mt trc ca modul.
Bng sau ch ra cc li c biu th qua cc n Led INTF,5VDC,24VDC v
cch khc phc.

Led

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

INTF DC5V DC24V

in p b mt

Kim tra ngun p

Li b trong , sai st Thay th b ngun

ca b ngun
B ct ngun sau khi Ct mch ngun chnh v
qa p 5v v b ct ng vo sau phong 3
ngun khi khng cho pht nu cn thit loi b
ngun kt ni bn ngoi

php

B ngun dng khng Ci modul ngun trn khe

DLD

ng trn khe cm

chnh xc l khe 1

Qa p 24V

Kim tra ngun p t bn

ngoi nu khng ta thay
th ngun

DD*D

Ngn mch hoc qu Kim tra li ti ngun c

ti5v hoc 24v v qu th loi b ngun hoc
nhit

ch 5 pht sau trc khi

bt li ngun

21

Led

Nguyn nhn

Cch khc phc

Nu cng tc v tr Hu b modul xc

LLD

kho in p cung cp nh l do li modul

t bn ngoi l khng
cho php
Nu cng tc v tr Kim tra li ti trn modul
m ngn mch hoc ngun , c th bi loi b
qu ti trn in p
24V
in p c khi

DFL

phc sau khi ngn

mch hoc qu ti
in p 24V
Gii thch:
D: led is Dark_ n ti
F: Flishing

_ n nhp nhy

L: led Lights up_ n sang

4. Phn loi modul ngun.
PLC S7-400 c cc modul ngun c chia ra lm 3 loi chnh l: 4A,
10A. 20A.
PS 407 4A (6ES7407-0DA01-0AA0)
PS 407 4A (6ES7407-0DA02-0AA0)
PS 407 10A (6ES7407-0KA01-0AA0)
PS 407 10A (6ES7407-0KA02-0AA0)
PS 407 10AR(6ES7407-0KR02-0AA0)
PS 407 20A (6ES7407-0RA01-0AA0)

22

5. Cc thng s c bn ca cc modul ngun in hinh.

a) Modul ngun loi PS 407 4A
(6ES7407-ODA01-0AA0).
Modul ny cho php kt ni
ngun vo c di in p xoay chiu
t 85v n 264v hoc 1 chiu c di
in p trong khong t 88v n 300v
. in p ra l 2 cp 5VDC/4A hoc
24VDC/0.5A.
Bng di y l thng s c bn ca ngun Hnh.1.10.Modul ngun loi PS 407 4A
loi PS 407 4A (6ES7407-ODA01).
Kch thc 25x90x217

in p ra

Khi lng 0.76 kg

Di in p ra :5.1/24 VDC

Loi cp c kch thc 3x1.5 mm2

Dng in ra: 5VDC -4A

ng knh ca cp

3 n 9 mm

24VDC- 0.5A

in p vo: 120/230 VDC

Di dng in vo :

120/230 VAC
in p cho php : 80 to 300VDC
80 to 264 VAC
Tn s :

50/60 HZ

Di tn s cho php: 47 to 63 HZ

23

U=120VAC

0.42A

U=120VDC

0.35A

U=230VAC

0.22A

U=230VDC

0.19A

b) Modul ngun loi PS407 20A (6ES7407- ODA01-0AA0 ).

Bng di y l thng s c
bn ca ngun

loi

PS

407 20A (6ES7407-ODA010AA0)

Hnh1.11. Modul ngun loi PS 407 20A

Kch thc 75x90x217

in p ra

Khi lng 2.2 kg

Di in p ra :5.1/24 VDC

Loi cp c kch thc 3x1.5 mm2

Dng in ra: 5VDC -20A

ng knh ca cp

3 n 9 mm

24VDC- 1A

in p vo: 120/230 VDC

Di dng in vo :

120/230 VAC
in p cho php : 88 to 300VDC
85 to 264 VAC
Tn s :

50/60 HZ

Di tn s cho php: 47 to 63 HZ

24

120VAC/110VDC

1.5A

230VAC/230VDC

0.8A

1.2.1.4. Mdul m rng vo ra s.

Cc modul s dung bin i cc tn hiu cc qu trnh dng nh phn. CPU
ca cc trm SIMATIC nhn cc thong tin v cc dng hot ng ca qu trnh
thong qua cc modul vo s v can thip vo qu trinh thong qua cc modul ra s .
Tn hiu s gia cc ng truyn
BUS v cc qu trnh c cch ly
bng cch ly quang.
Cc modul s c 1,2 hay 4
byte tng ng vi 8, 16 hay 32
tn hiu . Cc modul s c t
a ch trong bng trng thi sao
cho cc trang thi tn hiu c th

Hnh 1.12. Cu hnh ca modul m rng.

oc s l dng bit .Cc modul

ci tin cc thng tin chun on v cc trng thi ca cc mdul.
1) Mdul vo
Mdul vo s bin i cc tn hiu ngoi lai thng l 24V 1 chiu hay
120/230 thnh mc tn hiu ni b. cho cc modul hot ng chnh xc,
cc cm bin u vo phi oc qui nh v in p v c th cung cp dng
vo i hi trng thi tn hiu 1 .Ngoi ra tn hiu cn phi c lc c
ngha l loi b nhiu trn ng dy v cc in p qu phai gim thiu
.Qa trnh lc lm tr tn hiu vo . Cc modul vs s c x l tn hiu ngt
qu trnh c th gim s tr ca tn hiu vo ny . Tuy nhin nu gim tr
ca tn hiu vo cng cn phi ghi nh mc chng nhiu cng cn phi
gim theo .Cn phi lun kt hp gia chng nhiu cao ( thi gian tr ko
di )v tn hiu tip nhn nhanh (thi gian tr ngn).
a) Mdul vo s SM 421, DI 32x24 VDC( 6ES4721-1BL01-0AA0 )
Gii thiu :
-Vi 32 u vo s , c phn thnh 1 nhm 32 bit.
- in p inh mc l 24V.

25

Hnh 1.13. Hnh v khi v cc im u u vo ca modul vo s

SM421, 32X24VDC.
Cc thng s k thut :
- Kch thc W x H x D :25x290x210:
- Trng lng :500g:
- S bit u vo :32:
- Chiu di ca cp:
+ Cp khng c bo v : MAX 600m.
+ Cp c bo v : MAX 1000m.
- Hiu in p cho php : 750VDC/60VAC.
- in p cch ly th nghim : 500VDC.

26

- Trng thi hin th : bng cc n LED.

Thng s la chn cho cc u vo l cc cm bin :
- in p vo:
+ in p nh mc: 24VDC.
+ Khi tn hiu mc 1 : 13V n 30V
+ Khi tn hiu mc 0 :-30V n 5V.
- Dng in vo:
+ Khi tn hiu mc 1 : 7Ma.
Thi gian tr cho cc thng s u vo:
+ Khi chuyn t 0 sang 1 : 1.2ms n 4.8ms.
+ Khi chuyn t mc 1 v 0 : 1.2ms n 4.8ms.
a) Modul vo s SM421,DI 16x24VDC.
Gii thiu:
- 16 u vo c chia thnh 2 nhm mi nhm gm 8 u vo.
- Tc x l rt nhanh 50s.
- in p vo nh mc l 24VDC.
- c phn bit l ingoi v li trong.
- Lp trnh chun on .
- Lp trnh chun on bn trong.
- Lp trnh phn cng bn trong.
- Lp trnh cho cc tr u vo

27

Hnh1.14. Hnh v s khi v cc im u ca modul vo SM421,DI 16x24.

Cc thng s k thut :
+ Kch thc WxDxH : 25x290x210.
+ Trng lng : 600g.
+ S u vo : 16.
+ Chiu di cp cho php khng c bo v tng ng vi tr u vo :
0.1ms - max 20m
1.5ms - max 50m
3ms - max 600m
+ Chiu di cp c bo v v bc.
0.1ms - max 30m

28

0.5ms - max70m
3ms

- max 1000m

+ in p nh mc 24VDC.
+ in p cho php 75VDC/60VAC.
+ Thi gian tr ca cc nhm 0.05ms / 0.5ms

l max 50s.

+ Thi gian tr ca cc nhm 0.05ms / 0.1ms

l max 70s.

+ Cho 0.5ms

l max 180ms.

Cc thng s cn thit cho vic la chn cc cm bin .

+in p vo
in p nh mc 24VDC.
Cho mc 1 l 11V n 30V.
Cho mc 0 l -30V n 5V.
+ Dng in u vo ,.
Cho mc 1 l 6mAn 10mA
Cho mc 0 l < 6mA
+ C m bi n cung c p ngu n ra .
S u ra :2.
i n p ra v i t i : (-2.5Ma)
Dng in ra nh mc 1200mA
Di dng in cho php : 0 ti 200mA
2).M dul ra s .
c th giao tip c trong
qu trnh x l, cc b CPU i hi
cc b bin i tn hiu thnh mc
in p v dng in s dng trong
qu trnh. Cc modul ra s c b nh
lu tr cc d liu nhn c v
chuyn thong tin ny ti cc b khuch i .Hnh 1.15 . Cu hnh mdul s

29

B khuch i ny s to ra kh nng ng ct cn thit. Vi b khuch

i in p 1 chiu , bo v ngn mch bng cc mch in t.Cn vi b
khuch i xoay chiu , th bo v ngn mch bng cu ch
Khi la chn cc modul ra s, cn phi xt ti cng sut ng ct, mc ti
in p cho php v dng in d , trng thi tn hiu odng in ny
khng c di hn cho php, nu khng b phn thc hin s khng p
ng oc tn hiu dng(STOP).
Trong ch stop v c trong thi gian khi ng thc hin chng trnh
.Mt tn hiu u ra (OD) c th lm v hiu ho tt c cc modul ra s
.Trong trng thi ny cc modul ra s khng cung cp 1 in p no.
Thng s k thut ca modul vo SM 432
+ Cc u ra dung cho SIMATIC S7-400
+ Dng ni ti cc van in t, cng tc t, ng c nh, n v cc b
khi ng ng c nh.
+ C cc loi 16 v 32 u ra.
s u ra

16

16

in p ti 24VDC
nh mc

20 ti

32

32

16

16

24VDC 24VDC 120/230VAC 230/60VDC

125VDC

1.2.1.5.Modul m rng vo ra analog.

Modul tng t l b bin i
cc tn hiu dnh cho cc qu trnh
tng t.Modul

bin i cc tn

hiu tng t thnh cc tn hiu s

x l trong CPU ca cc trm
SIMATIC .Modul ra tng t bin
i SIMATIC thnh cc tn hiu

Hnh 1.16 Cu hnh modul vo ra

`tng t i ti cc qu trnh , v

analog analog

d nh cc gi tr chnh nh ti cc c cu chp hnh.

30

Mi i lng tng t vid nh cc i lng o lng hoc chnh nh

chim gi 1 knh trong cc modul c 4,8 hay 16 knh tng ng vi 8,16
hay 32 byte. Mt gi tr tng t s ho oc biu th nh 1 s nguyn 16
bit. Cc modul tng t tin tin cc thong tin chun on v tnh trng cc
modul hoc cc thong tin v gii gn gi tr.
Cc modul tng t nn oc t ngoi bng trng thi qu trnh khi oc
c hoc ghi trc tip. l trng hp mch iu khin vng kn m chu k
x l c lp vi chng trnh chnh.
Cc modul vo tng t.
Cc modul vo tng t s dng phng php tch phn bin i cc
tn hiu tng tu nhn c t cc qu trnh thnh i lng s .Tu theo tn
s s dng in p (400/60/50/10 Hz) qu trnh s bin i ko
di2.5/20/20/100miligiy. phn gii tng i cao (9/12/12/15) bt + du
.Gii in p dng c bn c t bng cc nm m .S dng b cng c
STEP7HW iu chnh cc gi tr 1 cch chnh xc.
a) Modul m hiu SM 431 , AI 8x13 bit
+ C 8 u vo cho o p v o dng
+ C 4 u vo cho o in tr
+ Di o c th thay i c .
+ phn gii 13 bit
+ Khi tng t c cch ly t CPU

31

Hnh1.17 :Hnh khi ca mdul vo SM 431, 8x13 bit cc im u u vo

ca mdul
Cc modul ra analog.
Cc modul ra tng t bin i cc gi tr digital thnh in p v dng in
analog cho cc qu trnh. Cc mdul khc nhau vi di in p v dng in
khc nhau. Cc tn hiu bn trong v bn ngoi c cch ly nhau v in. T
cc gi tr ny chuyn sang b bin i digital- analog bin thnh cc
i lng analog trong khong 0.8/1.5 ms v c chuyn ti cc qu Gii
thiu 1 s modul vo Mdul ra tng t SM 432, AO 8x13 bit.
c im :
+ C 8 u ra.
+ Cc u ra biu hin di dng dng v p.
+ phn di 13 bit.
+ c cch in vi CPU v ti in p.
+ in p cc i cho php nm gia cc knh l 30 VDC.

32

Hnh 1.18. Hnh khi v cc im u dy ca mdul ra tng t SM 432, AO

8x 13 bit:
Cc thng s k thut ca mdul SM 432, AO 8x 13 bit:
Kch thc: 25 x2 290 x 210.
Trng lng: 650g.
S u ra : 8.
Chiu di ca cp: max 200m.
in p cung cp: 24 VDC.
Di in p nh mc : 24VDC.
in p cho php:
+ in p ra trung bnh : 3VDC.
+ in p trung gian gia M ANA v M interface: 75VDC/60VAC.
+ in p cch ly th nghim:
- in p trung gian gia BUS v L+/M: 2120VDC.
- in p trung gian gia BUS v Analog section: 2120VDC.

33

- in p Analog section v L+/M : 70VDC.

Dng in tiu th:
+ Ngun cung cp v ti L+ : Max 400Ma
+ T pha sau ng trc chnh : Max 150Ma.
Thi gian c bn ( vi tt c cc k nh cho php ).
+ Trong di in p 1V n 5V: 3.36Ms.
+ Vi tt c c di khc :

2.4Ms.

Thi gian ci t:
+ Vi ti l in tr: 0.1Ms.
+ Vi ti l t in:

2.5Ms.

+ Vi ti cm ng:

0.5Ms.

in p ra nm trong di nhit cho php :

+ 1V

sai s 0.5

+ 0V n 5V

sai s 0.5

+ 1V n 5V
D ng i n ra: 20Ma

sai s 0.5
sai s 1

+ 4mA t i 20mA sai s 1

i n p t i nhi t l 25 :
+ 1V

sai s 0.5

0V n 5V

sai s 0.5

1V n 5V

sai s 0.5

34

CHNG 2.
CU TRC PHN MM CA PLC S7-400
2.1. PHN CHIA B NH
Cc vng nh ca PLC.
- Vng nh chng trnh : Cha chng trnh cho ngi s dng c th
l RAM hay EEPRAM trong CPU hay trn th nh.
- Vng nh lm vic : l RAM cha chng trnh do vng nh chuyn
qua.
- Vng nh h thng : phc v chng trnh cho ngi dung, bao gm
timer, count hay vng nh d liu M.
C th b nh ca CPU S7-400 c chia ra lm 3 vng chnh.
a) Vng nh chng trnh ng dng :
Vng nh c chia ra thnh 3 min.
- OB: (Orangnisation Block ): Min nh chng trnh t chc.
- FC: ( Function): Min nh chng trnh con c t chc thnh cc
hm c bi hnh thc trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi.
- FB:

(Function Block): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc

thnh cc hm v c kh nng trao i d liu vi 1 khi chng trnh

khc . Cc d liu cn phi xy dng thnh 1 khi d liu ring ( gi l
DB _ Data Block ).
b) Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh v ca chng trnh ng dng .
Vng ny c chia thnh cc min khc nhau c th l.
- I (Process image input ): Min b m cc cng d liu vo s . Trc
khi thc hin chng trnh PLC s c tt c cc gi tr logic ca tt c cc
u vo v ct chng vo vng nh I.Chng trnh ng dng ch ly d
liu t cng vo t b m I.

35

- Q ( Proces image output ): Min b m cc d liu cng ra s . Kt

thuc giai don thc hin chng trnh , PLC s chuyn cc gi tr logic
ca Q ti cng ra s.
- M: Min cc bin c . Chng trnh ng dng s dng cc vng nh ny
lu cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp vo n theo bit M ,byte
(MB), t (W), hay t kp (MD).
- T: Min nh phc v b thi gian bao gm vic lu tr cc gi tr thi
gian t PV , gi tr thi gian tc thi cng nh gi tr logic u ra ca b
thi gian .
-C:Min nh phc v b m bao gm vic lu cc gi tr t trc PV
,gi tr m tc thi CV, v gi tr u ra ca b m.
- PI: Min a ch ca cc cng vo modul tng t .
- PQ; Min a ch cho cc cng ra cho cc modul tng t.
c) Vng cha cc khi d liu:
Vngny c chia thnh 2 loi chnh:
- DB (Data Block ) : Min cha d liu c t chc thnh cc khi.
- L (Local Data Block ) : Min cha cc d liu a phng c cc
khi chng trnh FB,FC,OB t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp tc
thi v trao i d liu ca hnh thc vi cc khi chng trnh gi.
2.2. VNG QUT CHNG TRNH
PLV thc hin chng trnh theo chu trnh lp. Mi 1 vng lp c
gi l 1 vng qut. Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu
t cc cng vo s ti vng m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng
trnh. Trong tng vng qut chng trnh oc thc hin t lnh u tin ti
lnh kt thc ca khi OB1. Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on
chuyn cc ni dung ca cc b m Q ti cc cng ra s .Vng qut c kt
thc bng giai on truyn thng ni b v kim tra li.

36

Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin 1 vng qut c gi l thi gian vng
qut. Thi gian vng qut l c nh
4. Chuyn
d liu t
b m
o ra
ngoi vi

1. Nhp
gi liu
t ngoi
vi vo b
m

2. Thc
hin
chng
trnh

3.Truyn
thng v
t kim
tra l

i Hnh 2.1 : Vng qut (scan) trong S7-400

1. Giai on nhp gi liu t ngoi vi.
2. Giai on thc hin chng trnh.
3. Giai on truyn thng v t kim tra li.
4. Giai on chuyn t b m o ra ngoi vi.
2.3. CU TRC CA CHNG TRNH
Chng trnh ca S7-400 c lu trong b nh ca PLC vng dnh
ring cho chng trnh v c th c to lp hai dng cu trc sau:
1.Lp trnh tuyn tnh :
Ton b chng trnh iu khin chng trnh nm trong mt khi b
nh. Cu trc ny ph hp vi bi ton t ng nh, khng phc tp.Khi
phi oc chn l khi OB1, l khi m PLC lun qut v thc hin cc lnh
trong n thng xuyn, t lnh u tin n lnh cui cng v quay lai.

37

Lnh 1
Vng qut

Lnh2

OB

Lnh3

Hnh 2.2 : Lp trnh tuyn tnh.

2. Lp trnh c cu trc.
Lp trnh c cu trc l k thut ci t thut ton iu khin bng
cch phn chia nh thnh cc khi chng trnh con FC hay FB vi mt khi
thc hin mt nhim v c th ca bi ton iu khin chung v ton b khi
chng trnh ny li oc qun l thng nht bng mt khi OB1.Trong khi
OB1 c cc lnh thc hin gi nhng khi chng trnh con theo th t ph
hp vi bi ton iu khin t ra .
Hon ton tng t, mt nhim v iu khin cn c chia nh thnh
nhiu nhim v nh v c th hn na , do 1 khi chng trnh con cng
c th oc gi l khi chng trnh con khc. Duy c 1 iu cm k l
chng trnh con khng bao j gi n chng trnh chnh .Ngoi ra n cn
hn ch v ngn xp ca cc modul CPU khng oc t chc chng trnh
con gi lng vo nhau qu s ln m modul CPU oc s dng cho php
n gin trong trnh by, khi mt chng trnh con ny c gi
mt chng trnh con khc, ta s k hiu khi cha lnh gi l khi m v

38

klhi oc gi l khi con.Hnh di y m t quy trnh thc hin 1 lnh gi

1 khi con FC10 t khi m OB1.

Chuyn FC10 vo
Work memory, cp pht
local block v gn gi
tr t OB1
OB1

CallFC10

FC10

Tr tham tr v OB1 .Xo

FC10 v local block trong
work memory

BE

Hnh 2.3: Quy trnh gi khi con ca OB1

Trong PLC S7-400 c 4 loi khi c bn .
+ Loi khi OB: Khi t chc v qun l chng trnh iu khin. C
nhiu loi khi OB vi chc nng khc nhau.
+ Loi khi FC: Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring ging nh 1
chng trnh con hoc 1 hm ( chng trnh c nhiu bin thc ).
+ Loi khi FB: L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i 1 lng d
liu ln vi cc chng trnh khc .
+ Loi khi DB: L khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng
trnh. Cc tham s do ngi dung t t.

39

2.4. NGN NG LP TRNH

PLC S7-400 c 4 loi ngn ng lp trnh c bn:
+ Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu STL ( Statement lits ). y l dng ngn
ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh.Chng trnh c ghp ni nhiu
cu lnh theo 1 thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim 1 hng v c cu trc
chung cu lnh + ton hng .
+ Ngn ng hinh thang , k hiu l LAD (Ladder logic ). y l dng
ngn ng ho thch hp vi ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic.
+ Ngn ng hinh khi , k hiu FBD (Function Block Diagram ). y
cng l kiu ngn ng ho dnh cho ngi c thi quen thit k mch iu
khin s.

Hnh 2.3 : Ba kiu ngn ng lp trnh cho S7-400.

40

2.5. CU LNH CA PHN MM PLC S7 - 400

Ngn ng STL ca S7-400.
1. Lnh A/AN
Lnh
A/AN

a ch ID

M t

di ca t

I/Q

a.b

AND/AND NOT

a.b

u vo/u ra

1*/2

a.b

Bit nh

1**/2

DBX a.b

Bit vng d liu

DIX

Bit d liu

c [d]

Bit i tng d liu

c [AR1,m]

B nh-gin tip,vng-bn trong

B m-ind,vng-bn trong(AR1)

B m-ind,vng-bn trong(AR2)

vng-ng giao(AR1)

[AR1,M]

vng-ng giao(AR2)

[AR2,M]

Thng qua tham s

a.b

c [AR2,m]

Tham s
+ Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

41

2. Lnh O/ON
Lnh

a ch ID

O/ON

di

M t

ca t

I/Q

a.b

AND/AND NOT

a.b

u vo/u ra

1*/2

a.b

Bit b nh

1**/2

DBX a.b

Bit d liu vng

DIX

Bit d liu

c [d]

Bit i tng d liu

c [AR1,m]

B nh-gin tip,khu vc-

bn trong

a.b

c [AR2,m]

m-ind,khu

vc-bn

trong(AR1)

[AR1,M]

m-ind,khu

vc-bn

[AR2,M]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

Khu vc-ng giao(AR1)

2
2

Khu vc-ng giao(AR2)

Thng qua tham s
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

42

OR

STA

RLO

FC

3. Lnh X/XN
Lnh

a ch ID

X/XN

di

M t

ca t

I/Q

a.b

AND/AND NOT

a.b

u vo/u ra

1*/2

a.b

Bit b nh

1**/2

DBX a.b

Bit d liu vng

DIX

Bit d liu

c [d]

Bit i tng d liu

c [AR1,m]

B nh-gin tip,vng-bn

trong

a.b

c [AR2,m]

m-ind,vng-bn

trong(AR1)

[AR1,M]

[AR2,M]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

vng-ng giao(AR1)

m-ind,vng-bn

vng-ng giao(AR2)
Thng qua tham s
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

43

OR

STA

RLO

FC

4. Cc lnh bit logic to nhnh song song

Lnh

a chi ID

M t

di ca t

A(

AND du ngoc tri

AN(

AND NOT du ngoc tri

O(

OR du ngoc tri

ON(

OR NOT du ngoc tri

X(

Dnh ring OR du ngoc

tri
Dnh ring OR NOT du

XN(

ngoc tri
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

Yes

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

5. Lnh ORing ca AND

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di ca t

Cng vic ORing ca AND

c cch mc theo nh lut

AND trc OR.

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

44

OR
Yes

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

es

6.Lnh logic s dng vi TIMER v COUNTERS

Lnh

a ch ID

A/AN

M t

di ca t

AND/AND NOT
11)/2

Timer

[e]

Timer,b nh-nh a ch

gin tip
11)/2

Counter

[e]

Counter,b nh,nh a ch

gin tip
Timer

Timer, counter.nh a ch

para.counter

thng qua tham s.

para
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Yes

Yes

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Yes

Lnh

a ch ID

O/ON

M t

di ca t

OR/OR NOT
Timer

11)/2

Timer,b nh-a ch gin tip

11)/2

[e]C

Counter,

Counter,b nh-a ch gin

C [e]

tip

Timer para

Timer/counter,a

Counter para

tham s

45

ch

qua

Chuyn bit OR/ Chuyn bit

X/XN

OR NOT
Timer

Timer,b nh-a ch gin tip

Counter,

[e]C

Counter,b nh-a ch gin

tip

C [e]
Timer para

B nh thi chuyn bit v

Counter para

OR/b m(a ch qua tham

s)
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Yes

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Lnh
A/AN

a ch ID
==0

M t
AND/AND NOT

O/OR

OR/OR-NOT

X/XN

EXCLUSIVE OR/

di ca t
1

EXCLUSIVE-OR-NOT
Kt qu=0
(A1=0 v A0=0)
>0

Kt qu>0

(CC1=1 v CC0=0)
<0

Kt qu <0
(CC1=1 v CC0=0)

46

Kt qu 0

<>0

(CC1=0 v CC0=1) hoc

(CC1=0 v CC0=0)
Kt qu <=0 (CC1=0 v

<=0

CC0=1) hoc (CC1=0 v

CC0=0)
Kt qu >=0 CC1=1 v

>=0

CC0=0) hoc (CC1=0 v

CC0=0)
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

7.nh gi iu kin s dng AND/OR v EXCLUSIVE OR,tip tc

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

A/AN

AND/AND-NOT

O/OR

OR/OR-NOT

X/XN

EXCLUSIVE-OR/
UO

di t
1

EXCLUSIVE-OR/
Ch dn khng c cu trc
x l (CC1=1,CC0=0)

OS

AND OS=1

BR

AND BR=1

OV

AND OV=1

47

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Yes
Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

8. Lnh pht hin sn xung

Lnh

a ch ID

FP/FN

M t

di t

I.Q

a.b

Cc dng/cc m c ch

a.b

bo bi RLO =1.Bit a ch

a.b

c ch dn cho b nh bit

DBX a.b

DIX

a.b

[d]

[AR1,m]

[AR2,m]

[AR1,m]

[AR2,m]
Tham s
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

Yes

Yes

Yes

48

FC
1

9.Lnh SET, RESET.

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di t

Ci t a ch bit ti 1

11)

Ci t a ch bit ti 0

11)

I/Q a.b

Vo/ra

a.b

B nh bit

a.b

Vng d liu bit

DBX a.b

D liu bit

DIX

a.b

i tng d liu bit

[d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-bn trong

2
2

[AR1,m]

m-gin

[AR2,m]

trong(AR1)
m-gin

tip,

vng-bn

[AR1,m]

tip,

[AR2,m]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

vng-giao nhau(R1)

vng-bn

vng-giao nhau(R2)
qua tham s
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

49

RLO
Yes
-

FC
1

10.Lnh u ra.
Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di ca t

I/Q

a.b

Gn RLO

11)/2

a.b

Ti u vo/u ra

11)/2

a.b

Ti bit b nh

DBX a.b

Ti vng bit d liu

DIX

Ti bit d liu

a.b

[d]

nh-gin

tip.vng-bn

trong

[AR1,m]

B m-gin tip. vng-bn

2
2

trong(AR1)

B m-gin tip. vng-bn

[AR2,m]

trong(AR2)

Vng giao nhau(AR1)

[AR1,m]

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

[AR2,m]

Qua tham s

Tham s

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BIE

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Yes

Yes

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Yes

50

11.Lnh TIMER
Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di t

SP

Khi ng Timer bng xung trn bin

[e]

thay i t 0 ti 1

11)

Timer para
SE

Khi ng Timer bng xung m rng

[e]

trn bin thay i t 0 ti 1

11)

Timer para
SD

Khi ng Timer bng n ON chm

[e]

trn bin thay i t 0 ti 1

11)

Timer para
SS

Khi ng Timer bng n gi li ON

[e]

trn bin thay i t 0 ti 1

11)

Timer para
SF

Khi ng Timer bng n OFF chm

[e]

trn bin thay i t 0 ti 1

11)

Timer para

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

Yes

Cu trc timer,tip theo

Lnh a ch ID
FR

OV

OS

STA

RLO

FC
1

M t

di ca t

T [f]

B nh thi kch hot cho khi

11)/2

T [e]

ng li trn thay i bin t 0 ti 1

Timer para
R

OR

T [f]

2
Khi ng li timer

11)/2

T [e]
Timer para

51

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

12.Lnh COUNTER
Gi tr m phi trong ACCU1_L trong dng ca m BC
Lnh

a ch ID

M t

S thit lp ca

[e]

b m trn thay

Counter

i bin t 0 ti

para

dai ca t
11)/2

Khi ng li b m t 0 khi

[e]

RLO =1

11)/2

Counter

para
CU

ln b m bi 1 trn bin

[e]

thay i t 0 ti 1

11)/2

Counter

para
CD

gim b m bi 1 trn bin

[e]

thay i t 0 ti 1

11)/2

Counter

para
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

iu kin

Yes

Kt qu

52

FC
0

Lnh

a ch ID

FR

M t

di ca t

C f

Kch hot b m trn bin 11)/2

C [e]

thay i t 0 ti 1

Counter para

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

iu kin

Yes

Kt qu

FC
0

13. Lnh load

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di ca
t

L
IB a

Ti

11)/2

Byte vo

11)/2

QB

Byte ra

PIB

Vng byte vo2)

MB

Bit nh byte

LB

Vng byte d liu

DBB

Byte d liu

DIB

V d byte d liu a v ACCU1

g [d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

g [AR1,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR1)

g [AR2,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR2)

B[AR1,m]

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

B[AR2,m]

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

tham s

Qua thng s

53

13)/2

L
IW

11)/2

Vo t

11)/2

Ra t

QW
PIW

MW

LW

DBW a
DIW

Ti

Phm vi vo t 2)
Bit nh t
Vng d liu t
d liu t
v d d liu t a v ACCU1-L

2
13)/2
2
2
2
2

h [d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

h [AR1,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR1)

h [AR2,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR2)

W [AR1,m]

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

W [AR2,m]

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

tham s

Qua thng s

L
Ida

Ti

11)/2

Vo t kp

11)/2
2

QD

Ra t kp

PID

Phm vi vo t kp 2)

MD

Bit nh t kp

LD

Vng d liu t kp

DBD

d liu t kp

DID

v d d liu t kp a v ACCU1

13)/2

[d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

[AR1,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR1)

[AR2,m]

Thanh ghi-gin tip,vng-trong(AR2)

D [AR1,m]

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

D [AR2,m]

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

Tham s

Qua thng s

54

Ti

k8

Hng s 8bit a v ACCU1-LL

k16

Hng s 16bit a v ACCU1-L

k32

Hng s 32bit a v ACCU1

Tham s

Hng s ti a v ACCU1

2#n

Hng s nh phn Ti 16 bit a v

ACCU1-L
Hng s nh phn ti 32 bit a v

ACCU1
B#16#p

Hng s hecxa ti 8 bit a v

ACCU1-L
L

W#16#p

Hng s hecxa ti 16 bit a v

ACCU1-L
DW#16#p

Hng s hecxa ti 32 bit a v

ACCU1
x

c im ti 1

xx

c im ti 2

xxx

c im ti 3

xxxx

c im ti 4

D#time value

Ti IEC date

S5T#time value

Hng s thi gian ti S7(16 bit)

TOD#time value Hng s thi gian ti IEC

T#time value

Hng s thi gian ti 16bit

C#count value

Hng s thi gian ti 32bit

B#(b1.b2)

Hng s load counter(m BCD)

B#(b1,b2,b3,b4) Hng s ti bng byte(b1,b2)

Hng s ti bng 4byte(b1,b2,b3,b4)

P# bit pointer

Ti bit con tr

L#integer

Hng s ti 32 bit nguyn

S thc

Ti ng-con tr s

55

S dng lnh Load vi Timer v Counter

Lnh
L

a ch ID
T f

M t
Ti gi tr thi gian

di ca t
11)/2

T (e)
Thng s timer

Ti gi tr thi gian(a

ch qua thng s)
L

C f

Ti gi tr m

11)/2

C (e)
Thng s counter

Ti gi tr m(a ch qua

thng s)
LC

T f

Ti gi tr thi gian trong

T (e)

BCD

Thng s timer

Ti gi tr thi gian trong

11)/2

BCD(a ch qua thng

s)
LC

C f

Ti gi tr m trong BCD

11)/2

Ti gi tr m trong

C (e)
Thng s counter

BCD(a ch qua thng

s)

56

14. Lnh Transfer

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di ca t

Chuyn ni dung ca ACCU1-LL

T
IBa
QB

ti

11)/2

Byte vo

11)/2

PQB a

Byte ra

MB a

Phm vi byte ra2)

LB

Bit nh byte

DBB a

Vng byte d liu

DIB a

Byte d liu

2
13)/2

V d byte d liu
g [d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

g [AR1.m]

Thanh

g [AR2.m]

trong(AR1)

B [AR1.m]

Thanh

B [AR2.m]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

ghi-gin

tip,vng-

2
2
2

ghi-gin

tip,vng-

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

Qua thng s
Chuyn ni dung ca ACCU1-L ti

T
IW

T vo

11)/2

QW

T ra

11)/2

PQW

T ra ngoi cng

MW

Bit nh t

LW

Vng d liu t

DBW

D liu t

DIW

Mu d liu t

2
13)/2

57

h [d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

h [AR1,m]

Thanh

h [AR2,m]

trong(AR1)

W [AR1,m]

Thanh

W [AR2,m]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

ghi-gin

tip,vng-

2
2
2

ghi-gin

tip,vng-

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

Qua thng s
Chuyn ni dung ca ACCU1 ti

T
Ida
QD

T kp vo

11)/2

T kp ra

11)/2

PQD a

Phm vi t kp ra

MD

Bit nh t kp

LD

Vng T kp d liu

DBD a

T d liu

DID a

V d T kp d liu

i [d]

B nh-gin tip,vng-trong

i [AR1.m]

Thanh

i [AR2.m]

trong(AR1)

D [AR1.m]

Thanh

D [AR2.m]

trong(AR2)

Tham s

Vng-giao nhau(AR1)

ghi-gin

2
13)/2

tip,vng-

2
2

ghi-gin

Vng giao nhau(AR2)

Qua thng s

58

tip,vng-

15. Lnh LOAD v TRANSFER cho thanh ghi a ch.

Lnh

a ch ID

M t
Ti ni dung t.

LAR1
-

ACCU1

AR2

a ch Thanh ghi 2

DBD

t kp d liu

DID

V d t kp d liu
Hng s 32bit

m
LD

Vng d liu t kp

MD

Bit nh t kp tr v AR1
Ti ni dung t.

LAR2
-

ACCU1

DBD

t kp d liu

DID

V d t kp d liu
Hng s 32bit

TAR1

di ca t

LD

Vng d liu t kp

MD

Bit nh t kp tr v AR2

Ni dung Transfer t AR1 trong

AR2

ACCU1

DBD

a ch Thanh ghi 2

DID

t kp d liu

LD

V d t kp d liu

MD

Vng d liu t kp

Bit nh t kp

59

TAR2
-

Ni dung Transfer t AR2 trong

ACCU1

DBD

t kp d liu

DID

V d t kp d liu

LD

Vng d liu t kp

MD

Bit nh t kp
Chuyn i ni dung ca AR1

CAR

v AR2
Lnh

a ch ID

M t
Trng

STW

thi

ti

di ca t
t

trong

ACCU1
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BIE

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Yes

Yes

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Yes

16. Cc php ton s nguyn(16 bit)

Lnh a ch ID
+I

M t

di ca t

Cng 2 s nguyn(16 bit)(ACCU1-

L)=(ACCU1-L)+(ACCU2-L)
-I

Tr 2 s nguyn t lin tip(16

bit)(ACCU1-L)=(ACCU2-L)-(ACCU1-L)
*I

Nhn 2 s nguyn bng lin tip(16

bit)(ACCU1)=(ACCU2-L)*(ACCU1-L)
/I

Chia 2 s nguyn bng lin tip(16

bit)(ACCU1-L)=(ACCU2-L): (ACCU-L)

60

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

17. Php ton s nguyn (32 bit)

Lnh

a ch

M t

di
ca word

ID
Cng

+D

nguyn(32

bit)(ACCU1-

L)=(ACCU2)+(ACCU1)
Tr

-D

nguyn

lin

tip(32

tip(32

bit)(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)-(ACCU1)
Nhn

*D

nguyn

bng

lin

bit)(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)*(ACCU1)
Chia 2 s nguyn bng lin

/D

tip(32
bit)(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)/(ACCU1
Chia 2 s nguyn bng lin

MOD

tip(32bit)

ti

trong

ACCU1:ACCU1)=d
ca[(ACCU2):(ACCU1)]
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes Yes

61

18.Php ton vi du phy ng (32 bit)

Lnh

a ch ID

M t
Cng

+R

di ca t

thc(32bits)

(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)+(ACCU1)
Tr 1 s thc t lit k(32bits)

-R

(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)-(ACCU1
Nhn

*R

thc

bng

lit

k(32bits)
(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)*(ACCU1
Chia 1 s thc bng lit k

/R

(32bits)
(ACCU1)=(ACCU2)+(ACCU1
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

kin
Kt
qu

19.Php ton vi du phy ng (32 bit)

Ph nh s thc trong 1

NEGR

ACCU1
T i lng c trng ca s 1

ABS

thc trong ACCU1

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BIE
iu kin Kt qu

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

62

20.Php ton bnh phng v cn bc hai (32 bit)

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di ca word

Tnh mc bnh phng ca 1

SQRT

s thc trong ACCU1

Dng bnh phng ca s

SQR

thc trong ACCU1

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

CC0
Yes

OV

OS

OR

Yes

Yes

STA

RLO

FC

21.Php ton logarit(32 bit)

Lnh

a ch ID

LN

M t

di ca word

Dnh bn cht logarit ca 1

s thc trong ACCU1

Tnh c trng hm m ca 1

EXP

s thc trong ACCU1 n

b(=2.71828)
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

Yes

Yes

Yes

63

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

22.Php ton lng gic(32 bit)

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di word

SIN

Tnh hm sin ca s thc

ASIN

Tnh hm arcsin ca s thc

COS

Tnh hm cos ca s thc

ACOS

Tnh hm arccos ca s thc

TAN

Tnh hm tang ca s thc

ATAN

Tnh hm arctang ca s thc

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

Yes

Yes

Yes

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

23.Php ton vi hng s

Lnh

a ch ID

M t
Cng

i8

hng

di trong words
8

bit

Cng hng s 16 bit

nguyn
+

i16

nguyn
+

Cng hng s 32 bit

i32

nguyn
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BIE

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Yes

Yes

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

Yes

64

24.Php ton so snh(16 bit nguyn)

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di trong words

==

ACCU2-L=ACCU1-L

<>

ACCU2-L ACCU1-L

<

ACCU2-L<ACCU1-L

<=

ACCU2-L<=ACCU1-L

>

ACCU2-L>ACCU1-L

>=

ACCU2-L>=ACCU1-L

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

Yes

OV

OS

Yes

OR

STA

Yes

RLO

FC

Yes

25.Php ton so snh (32 bit nguyn)

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di trong t

==D

ACCU2-L=ACCU1-L

<>D

ACCU2-L ACCU1-L

<D

ACCU2-L<ACCU1-L

<=D

ACCU2-L<=ACCU1-L

>D

ACCU2-L>ACCU1-L

>=D

ACCU2-L>=ACCU1-L

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV
-

Yes

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

Yes

OS

65

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

26.Php ton so snh(32 bit s thc)

So snh 32 bit s thc trong ACCU1 v ACCU2.RLO =1 nu ch l tha
mn.
Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di trong t

==R

ACCU2-L=ACCU1

<>R

ACCU2-L ACCU1

<R

ACCU2-L<ACCU1

=<R

ACCU2-L=<ACCU1

>R

ACCU2-L>ACCU1

>=R

ACCU2-L>=ACCU1

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

Yes

Yes

iu kin

Kt qu

Yes

Yes Yes

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

27.Php ton lnh dch chuyn

Lnh

a ch ID

SLW1)

M t
Chuyn

ni

dung

di trong t
ca

ACCU1-L ti bn tri.nh
v c tr thnh t do
SLW

0.15

SLD

c cung cp vi zeros
Chuyn

ni

dung

ca

ACCU1 ti bn tri.nh v
c tr thnh t do c
032

cung cp vi zeros

SLD

66

SRW1)

Chuyn

ni

dung

ca

ACCU1-L ti bn phi.nh
SRW

v c tr thnh t do

015

c cung cp vi zeros
Chuyn

SRD

ni

dung

ca

ACCU1 ti bn tri.nh v
SRD

0..32

c tr thnh t do c
cung cp vi zeros

SSI1)

Chuyn

ni

dung

ca

ACCU1-L vi dnh du ti
SSI

bn phi.nh v c tr

0.15

thnh t do c cung cp
vi biu tng(bit 15)
SSD

0..32

ni

Chuyn

dung

ca

ACCU1-L vi dnh du ti

SSD

bn phi.nh v c tr
thnh t do c cung cp
vi biu tng(bit 32)
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

iu kin

Kt qu

YES

67

OR

STA

RLO

FC

28.Php ton quay

Lnh

a ch ID

RLD
RLD

0.32

di trong t

Xoay ni dung ca ACCU1 sang

bn tri
Xoay ni dung ca ACCU1 sang

RRD
RRD

M t

bn phi

0.32

Xoay ni dung ca ACCU1 1 bit

RLDA

ti qua tri ch m bit CC1

Xoay ni dung ca ACCU1 1 bit

RRDA

ti qua phi ch m bit CC1

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR
iu kin Kt qu

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

YES

YES

YES

30. Lnh dch chuyn v tng, gim ni dung thanh ghi

Lnh
CAW

a ch

M t

di trong t

C cu o chiu bc ca byte trong

ID
ACCU1-l

CAD

C cu o chiu bc ca byte trong

ACCU1
TAK

Hon i ni dung ca ACCU1 v

ACCU2
ENT

Ni dung ca ACCU2 v ACCU3 b

thay i ti ACCU3 v ACCU4

LEAVE

Ni dung ca ACCU3 v ACCU b

thay i ti ACCU2 v ACCU3

PUST

Ni

dung

ca

ACCU1

ACCU2.ACCU3 b thay i ti
ACCU2.ACCU3 v ACCU4

68

a ch

Lnh

M t

ID
Ni

POP

dung

ca

ACCU3,ACCU4

di trong t
ACCU2

thay i

tiACCU1, ACCU2 v ACCU3

INC

k8

tng ACCU1-LL

DEC

k8

gim ACCU1-LL

31.Lnh chuyn i kiu d liu

Lnh

a ch ID

di

M t

trong t

Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L

BTI

t BCD (0 ti +-999)ti s nguyn

16bit
Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L

BTD

t BCD (0 ti +-9999999)ti s
nguyn kp
Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L

DTR

t s nguyn kp ti s thc (32bit)

Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L

ITD

t s nguyn (16bit) ti s nguyn kp

(32bit)
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

iu kin

Kt qu

69

OR

STA

RLO

FC

32.Lnh chuyn i kiu d liu

Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L t 1

ITB

s nguyn(16bit) ti BCD t 0 ti +-999

Chuyn i ni dung ca ACCU1-L t 1

DTB

s nguyn kp(16bit) ti BCD t 0 ti +9999999

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Kt qu

YES

YES

33. Lnh gi khi

Lnh

a ch ID

M t
Cuc gi bt buc ca FB,vi tham s thay i

di
trong t
11)/2

CALL

FB q,DB q

CALL

SFBq,DBq Cuc gi bt buc ca SFB,vi tham s thay i

CALL

FC q

Cuc gi bt buc ca hm,vi tham s thay i

11)/2

CALL

SFC q

Cuc gi bt buc ca SFC,vi tham s thay i

UC

FB q

Cuc gi bt buc ca khi,vi tham s ra thay i

11)/2

FC q

B nh-cuc gi FB gin tip

FB[e]

B nh-cuc gi FC gin tip

FC[e]

Cuc gi FB/FC qua tham s

Tham s
CC

11)/2

FB q

iu kin cuc gi ca khi m khng chuyn

FC q

i tham s

FB[e]

B nh-cuc gi FB gin tip

FC[e]

B nh-cuc gi FC gin tip

Tham s

Cuc gi FB/FC qua tham s

70

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Kt qu

34.Lnh kt thc khi

Lnh

a ch ID

M t

di trong t

BE

Khi cui

BEU

Khi cui,tuyt i

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Kt qu

Khi cui tuyt i nu RLO=1

BEC
Trng thi cho:BEC

BR

CC1

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Kt qu

YES

35.Lnh nhy
Lnh

a ch ID

JU

M t

di trong t
11)/2

Bc nhy v iu kin

LABEL

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi

BIE
iu kin Kt qu

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

71

Lnh nhy
JC

LABEL

JCN

LABEL

11)/2

Bc nhy nu RLO=1

Bc nhy nu RLO=0
Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BIE
iu kin Kt qu

JCB

A1

A0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

Yes

Bc nhy nu RLO=1

LABEL

Lu RLO trong bit BR

JNB

Bc nhy nu RLO=0

LABEL

Lu RLO trong bit BR

Ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
BR

CC1

CC0

OV

OS

OR

STA

RLO

FC

iu kin

Yes

Kt qu

72

CHNG 3.
NGHIN CU B CHUYN NGUN T NG ATS
3.1. KHI QUT CHUNG
1. Khi nim
ATS l thit b t ng chuyen i ngun ( Automatic Transfer Switch )
dng chuyn ngun chnh sang ngun d phng khi ngun chnh st ra
trng thi li . Ngun chnh xy ra li nh mt pha, mt ngun, ngc th t
pha, in p cao hay thp hn gi tr cho php vv.Nu ngun d phng ly
t ngun li khc th ta c ATS loi li li .Nu ngun d phng l ly
t my pht th ta c loi ATS li my pht, hoc li li my pht .
2. c im chung.
- oc s dng trong mng 3 pha 4 dy hoc mng 1 pha.
- Cho php chn ngun u tien trong h thng mng in c nhiu ngun.
- Tu chn ch iu khin l xung( Impule ) hay dng mc.
- Gim st thp p hoc qu p ca ngun in chnh hay ngun d phng.
- Gim st tn s ca ngun in li chnh v ngun d phng.
- Lp trnh cc timer tr hon, khi ng chuyn mch hay tt my pht.
- Lp trnh hot ng theo thi gian ngy hay m, ngy ngh , tun ,
thng, nm.
- Hin th cc thng s (tn s , in p )ca ngun chnh v ngun d
phng dng LCD.
- Hin th cc trng thi ngun in, ch bo s c , trng thi test.
- Ngun in hot ng t in p 160VAC ti 250VAC tn s 50Hz,
khng dng Accu hoc UPS.
- Tch hp ng b thi gian thc, thi gian hot ng 2 thng nu mt
ton b ngun in chnh v ngun d phng.

73

3. Chc nng c bn ca b ATS.

- T ng chuyn ngun khi mt in .
- T ng khi ng my pht khi mt in li .
- Qa trnh khi ng my pht nu c s c v li th dng vic khi
ng v a ra tn hiu cnh bo.
- Thc hin qu trnh kim tra in p nu t yu cu th thuc hin ng ti.
- Bo v mt pha, qu p hay qu ti.
3.2. Phn loi v nguyn l iu chnh.
1. Phn loi.
Da vo li in d phng m ATS c chia ra lm hai loi chnh nh sau.
+ ATS li li .Nu ngun in d phng l oc ly t li in khc.
+ ATS li my pht. Nu ngun in d phng l c ly t my
pht in.
2. Nguyn l iu chnh.
Vi ATS li li, qu trnh din ra nh sau: ngun in ly t li I
v li II. Mch hot ng hai ch bng tay hoc t ng. Khi li I b
mt in th li II c a vo hot ng.
Li I

Li II

N R1 S1 T1

N R2 S2 T2

SW2
21

TR1

T ng
Bng tay

5
FS1
6
FS1
7

FS4
8

1 2

AC1

CB1

3 4 5 6

1 2

AC2

+
N

CB2

+VCC
19V
3 4 5 6

B iu khin ATS hoc AMF

K1

K2
Cont 3 1 2
11
12

R3 S3 T3 N

10

L14

16

3 4 5 6

Cont 4 1 2

17
18
Run +Batt Start
n my pht
16

15

L2

L2

L2

K1

K2

L4

Li I

Li II Ti ly t
li in

Ti ly t
my pht

Hnh 3.1: Mch ng lc ATS li - li.

74

3 4 5 6

Vi ATS li my pht, qu trnh xy ra phc tp hn loi ATS li li v c thm b phn khi ng, my n c khi ng, in p my pht
c thnh lp. Nu cht lng in p my pht m bo, b phn so snh cp
tn hiu cho b K v chuyn mch (CM) tc ng, chuyn mch t li (I)
qua my pht. Thi gian chuyn ngun t my li in sang my pht trong
khong thi gian rt ngn (2 n 5 giy). Khi c in p my p, my pht
chy khng ti mt thi in lm mt ( 3 n 10 pht) ri sau t tt.
Ti

Ngun
my
pht

CD

L1
L2
L3
N-1

L1
L2
L3
N-2

Ngun
li

Ct trung tnh nu cn

Mch c
chn theo
ngun in p
xoay chiu

+
Tn hiu
khi
ng n +
my pht -

CM

CS

Tn hiu
khi ng

CS

ng cng tc
t chnh

ng cng tc
t my pht

Hnh3.2: Mch ng lc ATS li my pht.

Qu trnh hot ng:
Qung thi gian t1 t thi im mt li n khi my pht in khi ng vi
thi gian ngn khong t 1 n 5 giy. Khi in p my pht t c 0,8U m,
b m thi gian trong b so snh pha my pht bt u tnh thi gian v sau
khong thi gian t2 ( khong t 1 n 25 giy), kim tra xem in li c
in tr li khng nu li khng c in th ti c chuyn cho my pht
hoc c th ng ti trc nu ta c s dng b AVR n nh in p khi
c ti vi in p thp hn in p nh mc. Sau my pht chy thay
th in li. n khi c in li th t3 l khong thi gian t khi li phc
hi n khi ti c chuyn t my pht v li chnh t 3 =(3 giy n 2 pht).
Thi gian ny di hn khng nh chc chn li in phc hi n nh.

75

Thi gian t4 l thi gian chy khng ti ca my pht in, ch yu lm ngui

my pht in, t4=(1 n 2 pht). c bit l tt c cc thi gian trn c th d
dng thay i qua cc nt t thi gian.
B khi ng ng c my pht in c c im nh sau: nu khi
ng mt ln thnh cng, n tr li v trng thi ch ban u. Nu khi ng
ln mt khng thnh cng th sau thi gian khi ng khong t 3 n 4 giy
my pht c khi ng ln hai. Nu khi ng ln hai khng thnh cng th
sau thi gian khi ng khong t 3 n 4 giy my pht c khi ng ln
ba. Nu khi ng ba ln khng thnh cng th s c tn hiu cnh bo ra
ngoi cho ngi s dng bit v thit b s t ng kho li, khng khi ng
na. Nu khi ng ba ln m ln mt hoc ln hai m thnh cng th thit b
s t ng kho li, khng khi ng na v my pht chy khong thi gian
l 20 giy xem c in li tr li khng ri ng cng tc t li ngt li
khi h thng v my pht hot ng.
3.3. Cu trc ca b ATS.
Cu trc ca b ATS c chia thnh cc khi sau:
- Khi ngun iu khin.
- Khi to in p mu.
- Khi bo v thp p mt pha hay cao p.
- Khi chp hnh.
- Khi to thi gian tr.

76

khi ngun
iu khin

u vo
in p ba
pha

khi to
in p
mu

khi bo v
thp p mt
pha vv

khi
chp
hnh

khi to
thi gian tr

Tn hiu iu
khin

Hnh 3.3 : S khi cu trc ca b ATS

Gii thiu chc nng ca cc khi nh sau.
- Khi to in p mu: u vo l tn hiu in p ba pha xoay chiu
u ra l tn hiu in p mu mt chiu. C chc nng ly tn hiu in p ba
pha chnh lu a vo mch so snh
- Khi ngun iu khin: u vo l in p ca mt pha bt k u ra l
in p mt chiu cung cp ngun mt chiu cho mch iu khin , ng thi
to ra in p chun so snh
- Khi bo v thp p, mt pha, cao p u vo l hai tn hiu in p
chun v mu so snh v a ra tn hiu iu khin n khi chp hnh.
- Khi chp hnh u vo l ngun nui v hai tn hiu iu khin c
a ti hai khi bo v p v khi thi gian, u ra l tn hiu iu khin ng
c , ng c gt le, cng tc t ..
- Khi thi gian u vo l ngun nui cn u ra l tn hiu iu khin
n khi chp hnh

77

3.4. GII THIU TNG QUAN V B IU KHIN ATS IN HNH

1. M t:
1.1 M t phn mt trc:

Hinh3.4: Hnh v m t mt trc ca b i khin ATS.

1- ESC: nt thot.
2- Nt Enter.
3- LCD mn hnh hin th cc thng s.
4- Power: ch th ngun hot ng.
5-+ : Du cng , nt n tng gi tr.
6-- : Du tr, nt n gim gi tr.
7- Fault: Ch th c s c xy ra.
8- LINE2: Ch th ngun th 2 bnh thng
9- Led: Ch th Switch ng ngun LINE2.
10- LINE 1: Ch th ngun th 2 bnh thng.
11- Ch th Switch ng ngun LINE1

78

12- Ch th hin mode lp trnh.

13- Auto: Ch th mode auto.
14-LOAD: Ch th ngun i ra ti.
15- Control: Ch th test bng tay.
16-Test on load: Ch th test h thng c mang ti.
17- Test off load: Ch th test h thng khng ti .
18- MODE: Nt chn ch lm vic.
19- TEST: Nt test hot ng h thng.
2 Mt sau.

Hnh 3.5: Hnh v m t mt sau ca b iu khin ATS.

L1,L2,L3: Mng 3 pha 4 dy ca LINE 1:
G1: Dy pha th nht ca my pht hoc LINE2:
1-2 O-POSI tip im chuyn mch Switch ATS sang v tr 1:( ng
ngun LINE1):
3-4 O-POS0, tip im chuyn sang v tr Switch ATS sang v tr 0(ct ti
ra khi ngun):
5-6 O-POSII. tip im chuyn sang v tr Switch ATS sang v tr II (dung
ngun LINE2):
7-8 O-OP2 tip im ra ph tr theo yu cu ca ngi s dng:

79

9-10 O-GEN: tip im ra khi ng my pht loi ON/OFF:thng h:

11-12 Khng s dng:
13 I-OPSI tip im nhp trng thi Switch ang v tr 1(LINE1 ng ti)
14 I-OPS0 tip im nhp trng thi Switch ang v tr 0( Ti c ct
ra khi LINE1 ,LINE2):
15 I-OPSII tip im nhp trng thi Switch ang v tr 2(LINE2
ng ti):
16 I-OPI Tip im nhp tu chn the yu cu ca ngi s dng:
17 I-OP2 tip im nhp tu chn theo yu cu ca ngi s dng:
18 I-OPCOM, im u dy chung cho tt c cc u u:
2. Tnh nng v cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin ATS.
a)Tnh nng
Gim st ngun in, in p v tn s::
+ Cho php ci t hot ng trn mng :3 pha 4 dy ( 3 PH ) hoc 1
pha ( 1 PH ):
+ Xt ngun tin khi chy ch t ng:
+ Tm ci t mc in p hot ng inh mc ca b iu khin
:200VAC n 240VAC:
+ Gim st mc in p tng pha ca ngun in chnh v ngun d
phng. Tm ci t thp p t 80 ti 90 , qu p t 102 ti 115 so vi
in p nh mc.
+ Ci t tn s inh mc ca ngun in :50Hz.
+ Gim st tn s ca ngun in chnh v ngun d phng: Tm ci t
thp tn s t 40 ti 49 Hz v qu tn s t 51Hz ti 60Hz:
Cc timer lp trnh c:
+Timer tr hon khi ng my pht .(T1-TDNE).
m bo b qua s c mt in hoc giao ng nht thi ca ngun in
chnh .Timer c kch hot khi ngun in chnh b mt , nu ngun in

80

chnh c li trong lc timer dang chy th n s t reset li. Trong khong thi
gian ny b ATS controller c cung cp t ngun ni b trong, v vy
khng cn dung ti b UPS hay b Accu ung cp them bn ngoi , ngun ni
duy tr trong 3 pht.
Tm ci t (T1- TDES) :0 ti 60giy (Mc nh l 5s):
+ Timer tr hon t chuyn mch t ngun chinhs sang ngun d phng (
T2-TDNE).
m bo ngun d phng hot ng n nh . Timer tnh t lc ngun
d phng sn sng.
Tm ci t (T2-TDNE):0 ti 60s ( Mc inh 5s).
+ Timer tr hon v v tr 0 khi chuyn t mch ngun chnh sang
ngun d phng.(T3-TONF).
Tm ci t (T3-TONF) 0 ti 20s (Mc nh 0s).
+ Timer tr hon mch ngun t ngun d phng sang ngun chnh(T4TDEN)
m bo s n nh ca ngun in chnh troc khi thc hin chuyn
mch .Timer tnh t lc c ngun in chnh tr li .
Tm ci t (T4-TDNE) :0 ti 30 min .(Mc nh :2 min).
+Timer tr hon chuyn mch v v tr 0 khi chuyn mch t ngun d
phng sang ngun in chnh (T5-TONR).
Tm ci t (T5-TONR) :0 ti 20s (Mc nh :0s ).
+ Timer tr hon tt my pht (cool-down) (T6-TDEC).
Cho php my pht tip tc hot ng chy khng ti sau khi transfer
Switch chuyn sang ngun in chnh .
Tm ci t :0 ti 30min .(Mc nh :4min)
Lp trnh thi kho biu hot ng
+ Cho php thit lp thi gian hot ng trong ngy ( thi gian bt u
v thi gian kt thc).

81

B ATS s ngng hot ng khi nm ngoi khong thi gian hot ng ny.
+ T ng kim tra s hot ng ca my pht ( hoc ngun d phng)
theo lch.
Ci t thi gian kim tra trong tun : Khong thi gian c nh 1 tun 1
ln , vi 1 ngy 1 ln, gi vkhong thi gian hot ng;
Ci t kim tra hot ng trong thng :Mt ln 1 thng , vi ngy trong
thng , gi khong thi gian hot ng.
Thit lp kim tra vi hot ng c ti hoc khng ti :
+ Kim tra hot ng ca my pht bng tay .
Cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra hot ng ca my pht ( hoc ngun
d phng) vi cc ch c ti hoc khng c ti.
Nm ng ra tn hiu iu khin .
+ O-GEN(9-10) : ng ra tip im khi ng my pht kiu ON/OFF,
thng h (NO).
+ O-POSSI(1-2) : ng ra tip im chuyn mch sang ngun mch
chnh.Lp trnh kiu ng ra Impulse mode hoc contactor mode.
+ O-POSII(5-6) : ng ra tip im chuyn mch sang ngun d phng.Lp
trnh chn kiu ng ra Impulse hoc contactor mode.
+ O-POSO(3-4) :ng ra tip im chuyn mch sang v tr OFF. Lp trnh
chn kiu ng ra Impulse mode hoc contactor mode.
+ O-OP2(7-8) : ng ra tip im ph, cho php ci t thc hin 1 s cc
chc nng:
- Cnh bo chuyn mch khng thnh cng : Cnh bo xy ra khi c tn
hiu chuyn mch ri m Transfer Switch vn khng chuyn nh vy c th
li do phn c kh hay mt ca Transfer Witch.
- Ch c ngun in p chnh sn sang( tng t n LED LINE1)(L1A).
- Cnh bo ngun d phng sn sng(tng t n LED LINE-2) (L2A).

82

Ba ng vo v tr thng tin chuyn mch .

+ I-POSI (13-18):Transfer Switch ang v tr 1:
+ I-POS0 (14-18): Transfer Switch ang v tr 0:
+ I-POSII (15-18): Transfer Switch ang v tr II:
Hai ng vo tn hiu iu khin :
+ I-OP1(16-18), I-OP2(17-18):Dng tip im, tu theo lp trnh mi ng
thc hin 1 chc nng:
- Nhn thng tin t ngun d phng sn sng (dng tip im )(L2A).
- iu khin chuyn mch t xa (Remote Transfer Control RMT). Cho
php chuyn mch t ngun in chnh sang ngun d phng trc khi timer
(T2-TDNE) kt thc:
- Test c ti t xa. Bt u thc hin chuyn mch khi ng vo c tn hiu
tch cc , khi ng vo khng tch cc b chuyn mch chuyn v v tr ban
u
- Test khng c ti t xa.Bt u thc hin khi c ng vo tch cc .
b) Thng s k thut:
Ngun cung cp cho ATS Controller:
+ T ngun in chnh (L1,L2,L3,N): 280VAC max:
+ T ngun d phng (G1,N):280VAC max:
+ T ngun ni (bn trong ATS Controller ):Duy tr 3 pht khi mt in
ngun chnh v ngun d phngcha kp khi ng : c bit, ATS
Controller khng dung UPS v Accu bn ngoi:
Ngun cung cp cho ng h thi gian thc(Real Time Clock):
+ T ngun in chnh hoc ngun d phng.
+T ngun ni khi khng c ngun in chnh v d phng, thi gian duy
tr l hai thng .

83

Tip im Relay.
+ Tip im khi ng my pht :Relay,2A/30VDC,1A/125VAC:
+ Tip im O-POS0,O-POSI.O-POSII,Relay thng, 2A/24VDC, 1A/125VAC.
+ Tip im ph O-OP2:Relay, 2A/30VDC,1A/125VAC.
Cc ng vo lp trnh c: ( I-POS0,I-POSII,I-OPI,I-OP2):Tn hiu
dng tip im .Ng vo chung ca cc ng vo lp trnh c lI-OPCOM.
Lu : Khng c kt ni bt c ngun in no vi cc ng vo ny.
3.5. CHNG TRNH IU KHIN
3.5.1.Gii thiu s kt ni dy dng cho contactor.
MAINS
SUPPLY

Command 1

b2

Command 2

a2

L1 L2 L3

F1, F2 : fuse 2A, 230 VAC

F1

G1 L3 L2 L1

L1
L2
L3

ATS CONTROLLER
18

17

16

14

15

13

O-OP2

O-GEN

COM I-OP2 I-OP1 I-POSII I-POSIO I-POSI

12

11

10

O-POSII

O-POS0

O-POSI

1
B

F2

b1

a1

G1 G2 G3

COM Input Input

option option
2
1

+
_

GEN

Signal to start
Generator

Option

Hnh 3.6. S kt ni ca b iu khin ATS

84

LOAD

Trong s mch ATS c chia ra lm hai thnh phn chnh :

a) Phn mch lc:
Phn mch lc bao gm mch ngun in chnh l MAINS SUPPLY :
Mch cung cp in ch o cho ti trong sut qu trnh lm vic, y l
mch in 3 pha 4 dy L1,L2,L3,N c trung tnh ni chung vi trung tnh ca
ngun d phng.
Cc cu chi` F1 dng vi muc ch bo v khi h thng xy ra qu ti,
hay ngn mch. Contactor A dng ng ct mch in cho ti oc cung
cp in t ngun in chnh.Contactor A nay cn m bo lin ng an ton
vi contactor B pha ngun in d phng trnh hin tng trong cng 1
thi gian c hai ngun in u c cung cp cho ti.
Phn mch lc pha ngun d phng l ngun in t my pht GEN
.y l my pht in xoay chiu 3 pha 4 dy vi cc pha G1,G2,G3,
N.Ngun ny ch c a vo s dng khi ngun in chnh xy ra s c v
lm vic trong khong thi gian khc phc s c pha ngun in chnh.
Thit b ng ct pha ngun in d phng l contactor B. Contactor
c lin ng vi A c v in v c kh. C hai contactor ny u c
iu khin bi b ATS pht ra.
a) Phn mch iu khin
B ATS l thit b iu khin ch o, n c nhim v gim st cc thng
s k thut pha ngun in chnh v ngun d phng a ra cc tn hiu
iu khin hp l nhm cung cp ngun cho ti an ton tin cy v hiu qu.
Cc cun dy A, B l cc cun dy tng ng ca cc contactor AvB.
Vic cp in cho cc cun dy ny c ly t b iu khin ATS, c hai
cun dy khng c php cp ngun ng thi. Cc tip im tng ng l
a1, a2, b1. b2 l cc tip im ph ca A v B. Vi a2,b2 dng lin ng
kho cho v in cho 2 cun dy, a1,b1 dng lm tn hiu phn hi a v
nhm mc ch bo rng cc contactor tc ng.

85

K l cun dy dng iu khin c my pht in vi tip im thng h

tng ng: Tn hiu my pht c ly t cp tip im O-GEN ( 9,10 ).
Chn tn hiu (1,2) dng iu khin contactor A.
Chn tn hiu (5,6) dng iu khin contactor B.
Chn tn hiu (3,4) dng bo v tr 0.
Chn tn hiu ( 7 ) dng tu chn u ra
Chn tn hiu ( 8) dng lm chn COM
Chn tn hiu ( 9,10 ) dng my pht in.
Chn tn hiu ( 16 ) dng tu chn u vo2
Chn tn hiu ( 17 ) dng tu chn u vao 1
Chn tn hiu ( 18 ) dng lm chn COM
Chn tn hiu ( 15 ) dng lm phn hi ca contactor B
Chn tn hiu ( 13 ) dng lm phn hi ca contactor A
Ngoi ra cc chn L1,L2,L3,N l cc chn cp ngun u vo ca b
ATS ly t li in chnh.
3.5.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca b chuyn ngun ATS:
B ATS c chia ra lm 3 qu trnh lm vic nh sau.
+ Giai on 1: Khi ng v kim tra cc thng s pha ngun in chnh.
+ Giai on 2: Qa trnh t ng my pht in sn sng cp ngun
cho ti t li in ngun d phng.
+ Giai on 3: Kim tra cc thng s yu cu pha ngun in d phng
t my pht.
a) Giai on 1:
Ta cp ngun cho b ATS ly t ngun in chnh, khi ng b ATS
vo lm vic.Lc ny ATS s t ng kim tra cc thng s ca li in
chnh nh l dng in, in p hay tn s. Cc gi tr ny c so vi cc gi
tr nh mc tng ng nu t bng gi tr nh mc th t yu cu v c th
sn sng ng ngun in chnh vo cho ti. Trc khi ng my ct pha

86

ngun in chnh th b thi gian m vi khong thi gian t1 nhm mc ch

l cc gi tr oc n nh hay cha. Ngoi ra, khi ng my ct A pha
ngun in chnh cng cn phi tho mn l my ct pha ngun in d
phng phi oc m ra an toan nhm trnh hin tng trong cng1 thi
gian ti oc cp ngun ng thi t hai li in.
b) Giai on 2: y l giai on cp tn hiu my pht in.
Trong qu trnh lm vic ca ti c cung cp in t ngun in chnh
m c xy ra 1 s c no nh mt pha, qu p, qu dng vv th b chuyn
ngun ATS s t ng pht ra tn hiu my phat in sn sng a li
in d phong vo lm vic.B khi ng my pht c c im sau; Nu
khi ng 1 ln m thnh cng, n s tr v trng thi ch ban u. Nu khi
ng 1 ln m khng thnh cng th b m thi gian s m trong 1 khong
thi gian 3 n 4 giy ri mi tip tc khi ng ln 2, nu khi ng ln 2
khng c ri s n ln 3. Sau khi khi ng my pht 3 ln m khg thnh
cng th b ATS s t ng pht tn hiu cnh bo ra bn ngoi cho ngi vn
hnh bit khc phc s c. V lc ny b ATS s t ng kho li.
c) Giai on 3: Kim tra cc thng s ca li in d phng sn sng
cp in t ngun d phng cho ti.
Sau khi my pht c n thnh cng v chy trong 1 khong thi gian
cho ti khi in p n nh vi mc in p khong 0.8 Um th b ATS s
bt u kim tra cc thng s ca li in t my pht. Nu cc thng s
kim tra t th b thi gian bt u m trong khong thi gian ri mi
pht tn hiu ng my ct B vo lm vic. Vic lm ny nhm m bo li
in d phng chy n nh .ng thi cng cn tho mn rng my ct
pha ngun in chnh c m ra an ton.
Trong qu trnh lm vic ca ti ly ngun t pha my pht th b ATS v n
trong trng thi sn sng kim tra li in chnh nu c in tr li th phi

87

ng ngun in tr li t ngun in chnh. Ngun d phng y ch lm vic

trong khong thi gian m li in chnh c khc phc s c cho php.
3.5.3.Bng thng k cc u vo ra ca PLC:
a) Cc tn hiu u vo bao gm. ( dng cho trng hp ti dng
ngun chnh hoc 1 ngun ph khc).
1- Tn hiu khi ng START.
2- Tn hiu dng STOP.
3- Tn hiu dng khn cp.
4- Tn hiu o p t pha ngun in chnh.
5- Tn hiu o p t pha ngun in d phng.
6- Tn hiu o tn s t my pht in.
b) Cc tn hiu ra:
1- Tn hiu ra iu khin contactorA.
2- Tn hiu ra iu khin contactor B.
3-Tn hiu ra cnh bo.
4-Tn hiu n bo ti lm vic vi li in chnh.
5- Tn hiu bo ti lm vic vi li in d phng.
6- Tn hiu cho ra c my pht in.
7- Tn hiu bo ti lm vic vi ngun l my pht in.
8-d phng.
9- d phng.
La chn cu hnh cho PLC.
CPU 412 2PD
Modun ngun PS 32 x DC24V.
Modun vo s DI 16 x 16 bit.
Modun vo tng t AI 16 x DC 24V /2A.
Modun ra s DO 16 x DC 24V /2A.
+ c tch hp sn:

Hnh 3.7. Cu hinh ca modul CPU

88

- 72 KB cho chng trnh

- 72KB cho d liu.
+ B nh chng trnh ng dngc tch hp sn
FEPROMc kh nng nng cp RAM c th m rng.
256 KB RAM
-Vi th nh (FEPRAM) ln ti 64 MB
-Vi th nh (RAM) ln ti 64 MB.
+ Thi gian thc hin
-thao tc vi bit.
-thao tc vi t.

0.2s
0.2s
Hnh 3.8.Cu hnh modul vo s

-php cng du phy tnh. 0.2s

-Php cng du phy ng. 0.2s
+ B m S7
-la chn b m.

256
T C0 ti

C256

-mc nh

T C0 ti

-di m

T 1 ti 999

+ B nh thi S7

C7

256

-la chn b inh thi

T T0 ti

-mc nh

khng

-di thi gian

T 1ms ti 9990s

+ Ngn ng lp trnh .

T255

STEP7 V5.0 SP2

(LAD,CSF,STL)SCL,CFC,GRAGH
+ in p cung cp.

nh mc 24V

+ Dng tiu th t

S7-400 BUS

+ Dng d phng

10A ti 300 A

89

1.5A -1.6A

+ Tc truyn

12Mbit/s

+ S khe cn ti a

512

+ Di a ch ti a

2KB

+ kch thc

25x290x219

+ Khi lng

700g

S kt ni vo ra PLC.

0V 24V

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

1M

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7

start
stop
emegency
tin hieu ap 1 (main)
tin hieu ap 2
tin hieu tan so may phat
tin hieu ap may phat

2M
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

Hnh3.9. S kt ni u vo PLC

90

24V 0V
1M

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

contactor
contactor
contactor d may phat
en bao A lam vic
en bao B lam vic
Chung canh bao

2M

1.7

Hnh 3.10. S kt ni u ra PLC

91

3.5.4.Thut ton iu khin

a) Khi cha s dng my pht in.

Bt u

ng ngun

Yes

No
U1 = 1?

T2

Ma = 1
Mb = 0

T1

No

Yes
U2 = 1 ?

T4

T3

Ma = 0
Mb = 1

Kt thc

92

Ma = 0
Mb = 0

Cnh bo

b) Khi s dng my pht in lm ngun d phng.

Bt u

ng ngun

Yes

No
U1=1 ?

T2

T1

No

Yes
?
Ma=1
Mb=0

T3

Yes

T4

No
U2,F2 = 1?
T6

T5

Ma= 0
Mb=0

Ma=0
Mb=1

Cnh bo

kt thc

93

Qui c :
U1 = 1: Tn hiu in p pha ngun chnh t yu cu.
U2 = 1: Tn hiu din p ngun ph t yu cu.
Ma = 1: Contactor A ng mch cho ti.
Ma = 0: Contactor ngt ti ra khi ngun.
Mb = 1: Contactor B ng ngun cho ti.
Mb = 0: Contactor B ngt ti ra khi ngun.
F2 = 1: Tn s my in t yu cu.
3.5.5.Chng trnh iu khin.
D ng STL.
a) Khi ngun ph l my pht in xoay chiu.
Network 1: start/stop
i0.0: start
i0.1: stop
i0.2: dung khan cap
A

0.0

20.0

20.0

BLD 102
S

0.0

20.0

ON I

0.1

1.6

AN I

0.2

0.0

A(

)
M

Network 2: so sanh tin hieu ap 1

i0.3: tin hieu vao ap 1
A

M
A

0.0
I

0.3

94

A(
L

MW 100

MW 102

==I
)
=

0.1

Network 3: tao thoi gian tre 1

A

0.1

S5T#3S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

0.2

Network 3: dong contactor A

A

0.2

AN Q

0.1

0.0

0.3

Network 4: san sang de may phat

AN M

0.1

S5T#6S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

95

0.3

Network 5: de may phat lan 1

A

0.3

AN Q
S

0.2

0.4

Network 6: san sang de may phat lan2

A

0.4

S5T#3S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

0.5

Network 7: de may phat lan 2

A

0.5

AN Q

0.2

0.6

0.4

Network 8: san sang de may phat lan 3

A

0.6

S5T#3S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

0.7

96

Network 9: de may phat lan 3

A

0.7

AN Q

0.2

1.0

0.6

Network 10: chuong canh bao

A

1.0

AN Q

0.2

20.0

20.0

BLD 102
=

0.5

20.0

S5T#4S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

1.1

Network 11: reset he thong

A

1.1

1.0

0.0

Network 12: tin hieu ra de may phat thanh cong

O

0.4

0.6

1.0

Q
L

0.2
0.2

S5T#6S

97

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

1.2

Network 13: so sanh ap va tan so 2

A

1.2

20.0

20.0

0.4

A(
L

MW 100

MW 102

==I
)
=

1.3

20.0

0.5

A(
L

MW 100

MW 102

==I
)
=

1.4

Network 14: san sang dong contactor B

A

1.4

1.3

S5T#3S

SE

0.7

98

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

1.5

Network 15: dong contactor B

A

1.5

AN Q

0.0

AN M

1.6

0.1

0.4

Network 16: dung toan bo he thong khi may phat ko dat yeu cau
A(
ON M

1.3

ON M

1.4

)
L

S5T#3S

SE

0.7

MW 100

LC T

MW 102

1.6

b) Khi ngun ph l li in khc my pht.

Network 1: khoi dong

99

i0.0: khoi dong

i0.1: stop
i0.2: dung khan cap
A(
O

0.0

0.0

AN I

0.1

AN I

0.2

0.0

Network 2: so sanh ap 1
tin hieu ap 1
A

M
A

0.0
I

0.3

A(
L

MW 100

MW 102

==I
)
=

0.1

Network 3: san sang dong nguon chinh

A

M
L

0.1

S5T#3S

SE T

0.5

MW 100

100

LC T

MW 102

0.2

Network 4: dong nguon chinh

A

0.2

AN Q

0.1

0.0

0.3

Network 5: so sanh ap nguon phu

i0.4: tin hieu ap 2
AN Q
A

0.0
I

0.4

A(
L

MW 100

MW 102

==I
)
=

0.3

Network 6: san samg dong nguon phu

A

M
L

0.3
S5T#3S

SE T

0.5

MW 100

LC T

101

MW 102

0.4

Network 7: dong nguon phu

A

0.4

AN Q

0.0

0.1

0.4

Network 7: canh bao

q0.0: nguon chinh
q0.1: nguon phu
A

0.0

0.1

0.5

102

KT LUN
Trong khong thi gian 12 tun lm ti, khng phi l khong thi
gian di em c th tng hp c nhng kin thc c bn m cc thy, c
truyn t trong sut kho hc. Nhng l khong thi gian cho em tm
hiu v tip thu nhng kin thc c bn sau.
- Tm hiu c bn v b iu khin PLC S7 400, v phn cng v phn
mm, t rt ra nhng u nhc im ca n so vi PLC i trc v
PLC khc.Kh nng ng dng ca n trong cc yu cu cng ngh.
- Tm hiu v b iu khin ATS, ng dng vai tr ca n trong i
sng thc t.Hiu c cu trc c bn, nguyn l lm vic.
- Kt hp c ng dng ca PLC vo b ATS a ra chng trnh
iu khin hp l.
Do kin thc v l thuyt cn nhiu hn ch, kinh nghim ngoi thc t
cha c mc d c s c gng, hn na ti ny cn l mi l so vi em .Do
vy m em khng th trnh c nhng thiu st, rt mong c s ng gp
kin ca cc thy c v cc bn.
Qua y em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa in du
dt ch bo truyn t nhng kin thc qu bu cho chng em trong sut thi
gian kho hc. t bit l thy gio Ths ng Hng Hi, tn tnh gip
em trong sut thi gian lm ti em hon thnh bn n theo ng yu
cu ni dung v thi gian d t ra.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Sinh vin
ng Vn Hinh

103

TI LIU THAM KHO

1- B iu khin ATS controller Control Co.,Ltd -2008.
2- Ti liu hng dn s dng ATS RMT Co.,Ltd
Tel: (04)3722-2778
Fax: (04)3722-2778.
3- Ti liu. SIMATIC S7-400 AND M7-400 PROGRAMMABLE
CONTROLLERS HARD WARE AND INSTALLTION Hng
SIEMEN.
4- Ti liu. PROUCS FOR TOTALLY INTEGRATED AUTOMATION
AND MICROAUTOMATION CATALOG ST70 - 2009 Hng
SIEMEN.

5- http//.www.ti liu.vn.
6- http//.support.automation.siemen.com.

104

MC LC
Trang
Tiu .......... ..
Mc lc. .........
Li m u ........ ..1
Chng 1 :Tng quan v PLC S7-400. ......................................................... 2
1.1.Tng quan v b iu khin logic PLC.................................. ........ ............2
1.2.Gi thiu PLC S7-400........................................................... ........ ............3
1.2.1.Cu trc phn cng ca PLC S7-400........................................... ............4
1.2.1.1. Cc thanh rack................................................................ ......................5
1.2.1.2. Trung tm v l CPU..................................... ................. ....................8
1.2.1.3. Mdul ngun PS............................................... .............. ..................17
1.2.1.4. Mdul m rng vo ra s................................... ............... ................25
1.2.1.5. Mdul m rng vo ra tng t........................... ............... ..............30
Chng 2 :Cu trc phn mm ca PLC S7-400........... ........... ....................
2.1. Phn chia b nh............................................................. ........ .................35
2.2. Vng qut chng trnh........................................................... ........ ........36
2.3. Cu truc chng trnh...................................................................... ........ 37
2.4. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................... ........ ............................40
2.5. Cu lnh ca phn mm PLC S7-400........................... ........ ...................41
Chng 3:Nghin cu b chuyn ngun t ng ATS.... ............ .................
3.1 Khi qut chung.............................................................. ......... .................73
3.2. Phn loi v nguyn l hot ng ca b iu khin ATS..... ......... ........74
3.3. Cu trc b ATS................................................................ ........ ..............76
3.4. i su tm hiu b iu khin b ATS in hnh........................ .............78
3.5. Chng trnh iu khin..................................................... ........ .............84
3.5.1. S kt ni contactor.................................................... ........ .............84

105

3.5.2. Nguyn l lm vic................................................. ........ ......................86

3.5.3. Bng thng k cc u vo ra v la chn cu hnh phn cng PLC... 88
3.5.4. Thut ton iu khin............................................ ....... ........................92
3.5.5. Chng trnh iu khin........................................ ....... ........................94
Kt lun............................................................................ ..... .......................102
Ti liu tham kho............................................................. ... ......................104
Ph lc............................................................................... .... ......................105

106