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    1. Organic compounds contain carbon and can form many types of bonds with other elements. Carbon forms diverse compounds due to its ability to form four bonds including single, double, and triple bonds. 2. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen. They are classified based on bonding as alkanes (single bonds), alkenes (double bonds), and alkynes (triple bonds). Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 3. Biological compounds include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are polymers of amino acids involved in enzymatic reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA control cellular activities through nucleotides. Carbohydr

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    organic and biological compounds

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    10a2b Organic

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    1. Organic compounds contain carbon and can form many types of bonds with other elements. Carbon forms diverse compounds due to its ability to form four bonds including single, double, and triple bonds. 2. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen. They are classified based on bonding as alkanes (single bonds), alkenes (double bonds), and alkynes (triple bonds). Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 3. Biological compounds include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are polymers of amino acids involved in enzymatic reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA control cellular activities through nucleotides. Carbohydr

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    8 views12 pages

    Organic & Biological Compounds

    Uploaded by

    ijkad
    1. Organic compounds contain carbon and can form many types of bonds with other elements. Carbon forms diverse compounds due to its ability to form four bonds including single, double, and triple bonds. 2. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen. They are classified based on bonding as alkanes (single bonds), alkenes (double bonds), and alkynes (triple bonds). Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. 3. Biological compounds include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are polymers of amino acids involved in enzymatic reactions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA control cellular activities through nucleotides. Carbohydr

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 12

    Organic & Biological Compounds

    A. Organic Compounds 1. All contain carbon 2. Some compounds with carbon are not organic: a. Carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide CO CO b. Carbonates - -CO 3. !" o# all compounds are organic
    2 3

    4. Reasons why carbon forms so many compounds:

    a. C can form 4 bonds


    $

    -C|

    b. C can form single, double, or triple bonds (it forms many types of bonds) c. C can bond with atoms of many different elements

    %. &'drocarbons 1. (ade o# onl' & and C 2. )sed #or #uel and manu#acturing processes 3. *'pes: a. Saturated + ha,e onl' single bonds b. Unsaturated + ha,e double or triple bonds

    3. Classi#ication o# h'drocarbons a. Alkanes + single bonds -saturated. b. Alkenes + double bond -unsaturated. c. Alkynes + triple bond -unsaturated. d. Cycloalkanes + carbons are single bonded in a ring structure

    /. 0somers + compounds with identical chemical #ormulas1 but di##erent structural #ormulas 2. Aromatic h'drocarbons a. Some ha,e strong odors b. %en3ene & 4aphthalene c. &a,e a ring o# six C atoms 5oined b' alternating single and double bonds

    6. Substituted h'drocarbons + one or more & atoms are replaced b' other elements a. Alcohols + & is replaced b' a h'drox'l group --O&. b. Organic acids + & is replaced b' a carbox'l group --COO&.

    7. 8sters a. Organic acid 9 alcohol ester

    b. )sed as #ood #la,orings c. :ol'esters are s'nthetic #ibers made o# long chains o# esters lin;ed together

    %. %iological Compounds 1. :roteins a. Contain C1 &1 O1 and 4 b. Are pol'mers o# amino acids -about 2! ,arieties. c. :ol'mers are long chains o# smaller organic molecules -monomers. d. :eptide bonds lin; amino acids e. :roteins ma;e all en3'mes -regulate chemical reactions in our bodies.

    2. 4ucleic Acids a. <4A -deox'ribonucleic acid.

    b. =4A -ribonucleic acid. c. Control cellular acti,ities d. (ade o# smaller units called nucleotides

    3. Carboh'drates a. (ade o# C1 &1 and O -2x as man' & as O. b. *'pes: 1. Sugars -glucose & sucrose. 2. Starches -pol'mers.

    c. Our main source o# energ' -#ood.

    /. >ipids a. (ade o# C1 &1 and O b. *'pes: 1. ?ats -animals. - saturated 2. Oils -plants. - unsaturated c. )sed #or storing energ' in li,ing things d. Cholesterol - animals use it to build cell membranes

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