MODULE 1 : OVERVIEW OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

According to the simplest definition, organic chemistry is the study of the

compounds of carbon except, oxides of carbon, cyanide compounds, carbonate
compounds and bicarbonate compounds. Chemists have discovered over ten million
compounds composed of C and other elements – chiefly Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
and Halogens. Compounds of C are classified as organic when C is bound to hydrogen.

 Pre-historic Times - Egyptian Phoenicians used dyes without knowing the

chemical principle involved.
 1784 - Antoine Lavoisier first shows that organic compouns were composed
primarily of C, H and O
 1825 - Organic compounds are derived from a living source while inorganic
compounds come from minerals. Since there was no explanation for the
complexities of inorganic compounds, chemists believed that organic
compounds contain “vital forces” which are mysterious ingredients that
could only be supplied by living organisms.
 1828 - Vital Force Theory got a decline in support when Friedrich Wohler
attempted to prepare ammonium cyanate–an inorganic substance–by
heating cyanic acid. He obtained a white crystalline substance that he
identified as urea–an organic substance which is a product of metabolism
isolated in urine.

NH4CNO → (NH2)2CO

Because of this, Wohler is considered as the Father of Organic Chemistry.

 1845 - Kolbe synthesized acetic acids from other elements
 1856 – Berthelot synthesized methane
 Middle of 19th Century - Vital Force Theory died

Organic compounds increase in two ways:

1. Isolation of a new natural product
2. Chemical synthesis of a new compound

Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. enumerate and explain the reasons for over a million of organic compounds
2. differentiate organic compounds from inorganic compounds
3. familiarize with the qualitative test of different elements in an organic
compound and the quantitative value
Lesson 1: Why there are so Many Organic Compounds

Carbon is included in the compounds of all living things and also in the materials
that are use daily like clothes, soaps, perfumes, foods, flavors, plastics and a lot more.
The occurrence of a large number of organic compounds is due to carbon’s combining
capacity such as the following:

1. Ability to combine or bond to itself

- catenation and form single, double and triple bonds.
Examples: C–C C=C C≡C C
C C

2. It can arrange itself into straight, branched or ring formations.

Examples: C–C–C C–C–C C–C
C C–C

3. It combines with other elements like halogens (ex. Cl, Br, F, I).
Examples: CH3Cl or H
H–C–Cl
H

4. It consists of functional groups

A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that determine the
characteristics of properties of the molecule to which it is attached.
Examples: Alcohol - R–OH (R stands for carbon or carbon chain)
Acid - R–C=O
OH
Ketone - R–C=O
R
Aldehyde - R–C=O
H

5. It exists as isomers.
There are two general types of isomers:
1. Structural isomers - have the same molecular formula but have
different structural formula
Example:
Ethyl Alcohol Dimethyl Alcohol
H H H H
H–C–C–O–H H–C–O–C–H
H H H H
Molecular Formula: C2H6 Molecular Formula: C2H6
State: Liquid State: Gas
Boiling Point: 78.5°C Boiling Point: -23.7°C
 2. Stereoisomers - same molecular and structural formula but differ from
each other in their three-dimensional structure.
Example: Structural Formula of Valine
H Mirror
CH3–CH–CH–C–COOH CH3CHCH3 CH3CHCH3
CH3 NH2
H COOH HOOC H
H2N NH2
Molecular Formula: C5O2H
Stereoisomers can have different three dimensional structures
which are mirror images of each other.
Note: To be considered isomers, it should have the same molecular
formula (actual number of atoms present in the compound) but
different in their structures. More isomerism will be discussed
later.

After analyzing the lecture, now I know that you are ready for the SAQ.

SAQ 1-1-1:

Let us see if you understand the overview of organic chemistry and you know the
reasons for having a large number of organic compounds by matching Column A with
Column B. Write the letter only on the space before each number.

Column A Column B

_____ 1. CO2 A. structural isomerism

B. stated that organic compounds are

_____ 2. –C–OH composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen

_____ 3. organic compounds C. catenation

_____ 4. CH3CH2CH2CH3 and H D. stereoisomerism

CH3–C–CH3 E. functional group
CH3 F. example of organic compound and
_____ 5. Wohler main component of natural gas

_____ 6. C–C C=C C≡C G. synthesized methane

_____ 7. CH4 H. example of inorganic compound

_____ 8. inorganic compounds I. father of organic chemistry

_____ 9. Lavoisier J. derived from living things

_____ 10. R R K. derived from minerals

H COOH and HOOC H

H2N NH2

ASAQ 1-1-1:
1. H 2. E 3. J 4. A 5. I 6. C 7. F 8. K 9. B 10. D

CHECK THE CATEGORY YOU BELONG

Scores Verbal Interpretation Decision

10 Very High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
9-8 High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
7-6 Average Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
5-4 Low Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
3 and below Very Low Mastery Go back to the whole lesson.
Lesson 2: Organic Compounds as Differentiated from Inorganic Compounds

So far, we have discussed organic compounds in terms of their structure. Let us

now go to differentiate organic compounds from inorganic compounds as noted in the
laboratory as well as their structures.

2.1 Organic compounds are flammable, volatile and unstable as compared to inorganic
compounds. They char at moderately high temperature.

2.2 Ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature. Electrostatic forces
hold the ions in a crystal together while molecular compounds are covalently
bonded due to sharing of electrons. Intermolecular forces of attraction holds the
molecules in a crystal structure such as dipole interaction, Van der Waals forces of
attraction and hydrogen bonding.

2.3 Inorganic compounds contain ions, and in aqueous solutions, conducts electricity
and are classified as electrolytes. Organic compounds are covalently bonded and
do not ionize in water. Thus, most of the organic compounds in water do not
conduct electric current and are classified as non-electrolytes.
Examples: NaCl in H2O - conducts electricity - electrolyte
Sugar in H2O - do not conduct electricity - non-electrolyte

2.4 In general, ionic compounds involving ionic bonds have higher boiling points than
covalent compounds. This is because the amount of energy required to separate
ions that are electrostatically attracted is much higher than that required to separate
molecules in covalent compounds like organic compounds.

2.5 The solubility of a compound in a given solvent depends on the type of the
interaction between the compounds and the solvent. One rule given regarding
solubility is that “like dissolves like”.
2.5.1 Most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvent.
Examples:
 Ethanol is soluble in diethyl ether
 Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar organic compounds (equal sharing
of electrons) like naphthalene (moth balls) are soluble in kerosene -
C12H28 - C16H34
2.5.2 Most ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water (H–O–H), a
polar solvent (polar solvent - unequal sharing of electrons)
Examples: NaCl and H2O - soluble
CH3CH2OH and H2O - soluble
The attraction of ions, like Na+ and Cl-, with dipoles (α+ and α-), with a
molecule like water (H–O–H),-
α α
+
provides energy to the ions from the crystal
lattice and is called ion-dipole interaction making Na + and Cl- soluble in water.
 2.5.3 Polar organic compounds are water soluble only if they are small and contain
nitrogen or oxygen atoms that can form hydrogen bonds with water.
Examples:
 stearic acid which is composed of nonpolar C–C and C–H (17) and
C–O and OH is insoluble in water
 glucose (C6H12O6) is soluble in water because it has many C–O and
OH that forms hydrogen bonding with water

2.5.4 Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds

1. Almost all alkali metal (IA elements) such as Li +, Na+, Rb+, K+, Cs+ and
ammonium salt NH4+ are soluble.
2. All nitrate, acetate, chlorate, regardless of cations, are soluble.
3. A compound is soluble if it contains the following anions:
a. Halides (Cl-, Br-) except AgCl, Hg2Cl2 and PbCl2
b. Sulfates (SO42-) except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4 and PbSO4
4. All sulfides are insoluble except that of IA and IIA elements.
5. All oxides and hydroxides are insoluble except in IA elements (oxides and
hydroxides of Ca, Sr and Ba are slightly soluble),
6. All phosphates and carbonates are insoluble except in IA elements.
Examples: NaCl - soluble, it contains Na+ regardless of anion
Ca3(PO4)2 - insoluble, only IA elements are soluble and Ca
belongs to IIA

Let us now summarize organic compounds and inorganic compounds

Act 1-2-1
A. Fill up the table below with the required information.
Criteria Inorganic Organic
>4C-16C =
a. Physical State <16C =

b. Combustibility

c. Melting Point/Boiling
Point
 Criteria Inorganic Organic

d. Solubility in Water

e. Solubility in Organic
Solvent

f. Conductivity

g. Structure of Solid

h. Bonding

i. Volatility

B. Using your knowledge on bonding and structure of compounds, answer the

following:

1. Ignition Test
a. Flammability
Compound Flammability

a. Ethyl Alcohol

b. Water

b. Charring
Compound Charring

a. Sugar

b. Salt
 2. Solubility
Compound Solubility Reasons

a. NaCl & H2O

b. NaCl & Kerosene

c. Moth Ball & H2O

d. Moth Ball &

Kerosene

3. Conductivity
Electrolyte/ Light or Without
Compound Reasons
Non-electrolyte Light
a. NaCl
Solution

b. Sugar
Solution
c. Ethyl
Alcohol
Solution

(Submit this activity on _______________ through GC, e-mail or FB until 5:00 pm.)

After answering your activity by yourself, you may now go to the SAQ (Self-
Assessment Question).

SAQ 1-2-2:

A. Classify each solution as an electrolyte or non-electrolyte.

1. Sugar in Water -
2. Salt in Water -
3. Alcohol in Water -
B. Use the solubility rules whether the following compound are soluble.
4. AgCl -
 5. AgNO3 -
6. NaOH -
C. Determine the intermolecular forces/reason why the given compounds are soluble in
water.
Compound Intermolecular Forces/Reason
7. NaCl
8.Ethanol, CH3CH2OH
9. Hexane, C6H14
10. Sugar

ASAQ 1-2-2:
1. Non-electrolye
2. Electrolyte
3. Non-electrolye
4. Insoluble
5. Soluble
6. Soluble
7. Ion-dipole
8. Dipole-dipole or H-bonding
9. Like dissolves like (Hexane - nonpolar; Water - polar solvent)
10. H-bonding

CHECK THE CATEGORY YOU BELONG

Scores Verbal Interpretation Decision

10 Very High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
9-8 High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
7-6 Average Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
5-4 Low Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
3 and below Very Low Mastery Go back to the whole lesson.
Lesson 3: Qualitative Test and Quantitative Determinator of Elements in Organic
Compounds

3.1 Qualitative Test

The predominant elements found in organic compounds are carbon and
hydrogen. The next elements are heteroatoms (atoms in an organic compound that
are not carbon and hydrogen) such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and
halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine.

3.1.1 Carbon and Hydrogen

Carbon and hydrogen are detected qualitatively by heating organic
compounds in a tube with CuO to oxidize to CO2 and H2O. The collected CO2
is reacted with limewater [Ca(OH) 2] in a test tube that produces white
precipitate of CaCO3. It is also known as limewater test. The presence of
hydrogen is indicated by the formation of droplets of H 2O in the end of the
tube.
C, H + CuO → Cu + CO2 + H2O (formation of droplets)
↓+
Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
white
precipitate
3.1.2 Oxygen (Ferrox Test)
The presence of oxygen in an organic compound is determined with
the use of ferrox paper test. The ferrox paper soaked in methanol containing
ferric chloride and ammonium thiocyanate gives a deep red colored solution
to organic compounds with oxygen and if without oxygen, remains colorless.
Since organic compounds do not ionize in solutions, it is necessary to
decompose the compound to convert these elements into inorganic ions
(water soluble ions or sodium salts before making qualitative test. This can be
done by heating sodium metal and then reacted to the organic compound and
heated again. This is known as sodium fusion. Water is added to the product
of sodium fusion and heated to produce sodium fusion extract or Lassaigne
extract also known as Lassaigne Test in honor of Jean Louis Lassaigne.
NaCN water
fusion
Organic Compound (C, H, O, N, S, X) + Na NaX soluble
Na2S sodium
NaCNS salts
Note: X represents any halogen (Cl, Br, I)
Water soluble sodium salts is also known as Lassaigne extract or
sodium fusion extract. It can be tested qualitatively for the presence of
nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
 3.1.3 Nitrogen Detection
Lassaigne extract (organic compound used contain nitrogen and
sulfur) plus test solution such as FeSO 4 or FeCl3 and concentrated HCl
produces Prussian blue or blue green.

3.1.4 Sulfur
3.1.4.1 Sodium nitroprusside Test
Lassaigne extract (organic compound used contain S) plus
sodium nitroprusside solution produces purple coloration.

3.1.4.2 Lead acetate Test

Lassaigne extract plus test solution such as CH 3COOH or
Pb[CH3COO]2 solution produces black precipitate.

3.1.5 Halogens [Br, Cl, I] - Silver nitrate Test

Lassaigne extract plus test solution such as HNO3 or AgNO3 solution:
a. if the organic compound contains chlorine, produces white
precipitate;
b. if it contains bromine, produces pink to yellow color; and
c. if it contains iodine, produces yellow precipitate.
Upon addition of NH4OH solution, AgCl is soluble, AgB is fairly soluble
and AgI is insoluble.

After knowing the qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds, answer

now your activity number 2 below. (Submit this activity on _______________ through
GC, e-mail or FB until 5:00 pm)

Act 1-3-2 Qualitative Elemental Analysis

A. Fill up the table below. Consider the formula of the tested compound as your guide.
1. Ferrox Test for Oxygen
Test Compound Formula (Research) Color Change
a. acetone
b. benzene
c. ethyl alcohol
d. kerosene

2. Test Compound
Name of Test Color Change
e. monochloroacetic acid
f. albumin (egg white)
 g. CO2 + lime water
B. Question
1. How will you prepare ferrox paper?
2. What is the role of CuO in the given reaction in the 3.1.1 topic?

Let’s see whether something has retained in your mind by answering the SAQ.

SAQ 1-3-3
Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only on the space provided.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. Ferrox Test A. detects the presence of sulfur
_____ 2. CuO B. predominant elements in organic
compounds
_____ 3. Silver nitrate Test C. decompose organic compound into
inorganic
_____ 4. Sodium Fusion ions
_____ 5. Lime Water Test D. it is also known as sodium fusion extract
_____ 6. Sodium nitroprusside Test E. serves as catalyst
_____ 7. Carbon and Hydrogen F. test for oxygen
_____ 8. Lassaigne Extract G. indicates the presence of hydrogen
_____ 9. Lead acetate Test H. identify the presence of chlorine
_____ 10. Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine I. signify the formation of CO2
J. test for nitrogen

ASAQ 1-3-3
1. F 2. E 3. H 4. C 5. J 6. K 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. I

CHECK THE CATEGORY YOU BELONG

Scores Verbal Interpretation Decision

10 Very High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
9-8 High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
7-6 Average Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
5-4 Low Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
3 and below Very Low Mastery Go back to the whole lesson.
3.2 Quantitative Determination
To complete the elemental analysis of an organic compound, we are now
going to discuss the method for measuring the percent composition of elements in
an organic compound. The analysis that we can use to determine the quantity of
elements produced during a reaction is known as quantitative analysis
(determination).

3.2.1 Carbon and Hydrogen

As mentioned on qualitative analysis for carbon and hydrogen, the
amount of carbon and hydrogen in an organic compound (sample) can be
measured by heating or combustion. The resulting products are weighed as
carbon dioxide and water, therefore, the amount of carbon, hydrogen and
their percentages can be calculated using this formula:

For C (CO2):
at. wt. of C
Computed Weight of C = wt. of CO2 ×
MW of CO 2
where: at. wt.= atomic weight
MW = molecular weight

computed weight of C
%C = × 100
weight of sample
or
at. wt. of C
wt. of CO 2 ×
MW of CO2
%C = × 100
weight of sample

For H (H2O):
at. wt. of H (2) balance the
Note:
Computed Weight of H = wt. of H 2 O ×
MW of H 2 O no. of atoms

computed weight of H
%H = × 100
weight of sample
or
at. wt. of H (2)
wt. of H2 O ×
MW of H2 O
%H = × 100
weight of sample
3.2.2 Halogens (Cl, Br, I)
The organic compound with halogen was heated and fused with HNO 3
in the presence of AgNO3 using Carius method to produce AgX (silver halide
such as AgCl, AgBr and AgI). The amount of halogen or percentage can be
calculated using this formula:

at. wt. of X
Computed Weight of X = wt. of AgX ×
MW of AgX

computed weight of X
%X = × 100
weight of sample
or
at. wt. of X
wt. of AgX ×
MW of AgX
%X = × 100
weight of sample

Note:
X: Br, Cl, I AgX: AgBr, AgCl, AgI
3.2.3 Sulfur
Carius method was used in the detection of sulfur. Sulfur present in an
organic compound is oxidized to H2SO4 and forms BaSO4 precipitate when
reacted with BaCl2, therefore, to determine the mass and percentage of
sulfur, use this formula:

at. wt. of S
Computed Weight of S = wt. of BaSO 4 ×
MW of BaSO 4

computed weight of S
%S = × 100
weight of sample
or
at. wt. of S
wt. of BaSO4 ×
MW of BaSO4
%S = × 100
weight of sample

3.2.4 Nitrogen
Nitrogen is determined using Dumas method. This is done by heating
organic samples in high temperatures in the presence of oxygen. This leads
to the release of CO2, H2O and N2. Then, it passes through a special column
with KOH that absorbs CO2 and H2O. Another thermal conductivity tube
(nitrometer) is used to separate N2 from any residual nitrogen from any
residual CO2 and H2O and then heated with copper.

Reaction Involved:
 sample + CuO → N2 + oxide of nitrogen
oxide of nitrogen + Cu → N2 + CuO

Note: If the temperature, pressure and volume are given and another volume
is unknown, use the formula for unknown volume using the combined
gas law:
P 1 V 1 P2 V 2 P1 V 1 P 1 V 1 T 2
= hence, =
T1 T2 T1 T 1 P2

For %N:
MW of N2
× V2 of N2 at STP (ml)
22,400 ml
%N = × 100
weight of sample

Notes: 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L

1 mole of any gas = formula mass
1,000 ml
22.4 L × = 22,400 ml
1L

If mass is given, use this formula:

at. wt. of N (2)
Computed Weight of N 2 = wt. of N2 ×
MW of N 2

computed weight of N 2
%N = × 100
weight of sample
or
at. wt. of N (2)
wt. of N2 ×
MW of N2
%N = × 100
weight of sample

3.2.5 Oxygen
The percentage of oxygen can be calculated simply by subtracting the
total percentage of all the elements in the organic compound from 100 since
there is no direct way of determining the percentage of oxygen.
%O = 100 - % of other elements

Sample Problem
1. Determine the wt. of C, %C, wt. of H and %H in 19.8 g of organic sample when
heated to produce CO2 = 41.98 g, H2O = 6.45 g.

Answer:

Given: weight of sample = 19.8 g at. wt. of C = 12.0 g/mol

 weight of CO2 = 41.98 g MW of CO2 = 44 g/mol

Unknown: wt. of C and %C

at. wt. of C
a. wt. of C = wt. CO 2 ×
MW of CO 2
12 g/mol
= 41.98 g ×
44 g/mol
= 11.45 g

computed weight of C
b. %C = × 100
weight of sample
11.45 g
= × 100
19.8 g
= 57.82%
or
at. wt. of C
wt. of CO 2 ×
MW of CO2
%C = × 100
weight of sample
12 g/mol
41.98 g ×
44 g/mol
= × 100
19.8 g
= 57.82%

For: Hydrogen

Given: weight of H2O = 6.45 g at. wt. of H = 1 g/mol

weight of sample = 19.8 g MW of H2O = 18 g/mol

at. wt. of H (2)

a. wt. of H = wt. of H 2 O ×
MW of H 2 O
2 g/mol
= 6.45 g ×
18 g/mol
= 0.72 g

computed weight of H
b. %H = × 100
weight of sample
0.72 g
= × 100
19.8 g
= 3.62%
or
at. wt. of H (2)
wt. of H2 O ×
MW of H2 O
%H = × 100
weight of sample
 2 g/mol
6.45 g ×
15 g/mol
= × 100
19.8 g
= 3.62%

c. %O
Σ % of other elements = 57.82 + 3.62 = 61.44%
%O = 100 - Σ % of other elements
= 100 - 61.44
= 38.56%

Therefore, %C = 57.82%, %H = 3.62% amd %O = 38.56%

You may now perform the given activity to see how well you understood the
lesson. To get corresponding points, show your computations by using GUESA as a
guide (Given, Unknown, Equation, Solution, Answer). You may use a calculator and a
periodic table for the atomic weights.

Act 1-3-3 Quantitative Elemental Analysis

1. A hydrocarbon weighing 0.1647 g was heated to product 0.4931 g CO 2 and

0.2691 g H2O. Determine the masses of carbon and hydrogen and also the
percentages of these elements in the hydrocarbon.
2. What is the %S in an organic compound weighing 0.157 g that gives 0.4813 g
BaSO4?

3. In Carius method, find the %Cl in an organic compound that weighs 0.15 g and
gives 0.12 g AgCl.
 Now, try the following exercises to see how well you have grasped the lesson.

SAQ 1-3-4
1. Glucose weighing 0.1014 g was burned to produce 0.1486 g CO 2 and 0.0609 g
of H2O. Since glucose contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, determine the
masses of C, H and O in the sample and the percentages of these elements.
ASAQ 1-3-4
1. wt. of C = 0.4055 g
2. wt. of H = 0.0068 g 2 points each
3. %C = 39.99%
4. %H = 6.72%
5. wt. of O = 0.0540 g
%O = 3.2%

CHECK THE CATEGORY YOU BELONG

Scores Verbal Interpretation Decision

10 Very High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
9-8 High Mastery Go! Move on to the next lesson.
7-6 Average Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
5-4 Low Mastery Stop! Review the lesson.
3 and below Very Low Mastery Go back to the whole lesson.
References

Lontoc Betty Marges and Cruz Luzviminda G. (1997) Laboratory Outline and Notebook
for Basic Organic Chemistr Makati City: Diwa Scholastic Press Inc.

McMurry, John U. (2003). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Singapore: Thomson

Learning Asia

Redmore, Fred H. (1980), Fundamentals of Chemistry. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Rodriguez, B. Evelyn (1999), Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry, University of the

Philippines Open University: RoMa Graphics Co., Inc.

Smith, Janice G. (2010), General, Organic and Biological Chemistry, New York, USA:
McGraw-Hill Co.

Solomons, Graham T.W. amd Fhryle, Craig B. (2000), Organic Chemistry. 7th Edition,
New York, USA: John Willey & Sons Inc.

Whitten, Kennet W. et al. (2007), Chemistry. 7th Edition USA: Thomson Brook/Cole Co.

Internet

amrita create (2014). Quantitative Estimation - Me it Olabs. Retrieved August 1, 2020

from http://www.amrita.edu/create

amrita create (2017). Detection of Elements: Lassaigne test – Meit Olabs. Retrieved
August 1, 2020 from http://www.amrita.edu/create

enwikipedia.org/wiki/Dumas retrieved August 7, 2020

Tutorial at Point (India) Ltd. (2018). Quantitative Analysis of Nitrogen by Duma Method.
Retrieved August 1, 2020 from http://www.tutorialpoint.com/videot

youtube.com/watch?V=kPW-Ne4NPO8. retrieved August 7, 2020

youtube.com/watch?V=4rNdE5ydIqM retrieved July 15, 2020

Course Schedule

Activity Schedule
August 24, 2020
Welcome Activity and Course Orientation 8:00 - 10:00 am
via Google Meet
Module 1
Read Lessons 1-3
August 24 - September 9, 2020
Do SAQ 1-1-1 to 1-3-4
Submit on August 31, 2020
Act 1-2-1
up to 3:00 pm on agreed site
Submit on September 7, 2020
Act 1-3-2
up to 2:00 pm on agreed site
Submit on September 14, 2020
Act 1-3-3
up to 2:00 pm on agreed site