Programmer Inc

Mazencity@hotmail.com

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2-2-2
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6-4 q
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1-5

2-5
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3-3-5
4-3-5
4-5
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1-6
2-6
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2-2-6 11.x
3-2-6 11.0
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3-3-6
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1-7
2-7 IOS
1-2-7 IOS
2-2-7
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1-8
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1-2-9 TCP/IP OSI
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1-10
2-10 IP
1-2-10 IP
2-2-10
3-2-10
4-2-10 IP
3-10 DNS
1-3-10 ip addresses
4-10 DNS
1-4-10 ip host
2-4-10 ip name-server
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5-4-10 show hosts
5-10
1-5-10
2-5-10 telnetping
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6-10
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1-11
2-11
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2-2-11
3-2-11
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3-11
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3-3-11
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4-11

1-4-11

2-4-11
3-4-11
4-4-11
5-4-11
6-4-11
7-4-11
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6-11
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1-12
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1-2-12
2-2-12 IP
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3-12
1-3-12
2-3-12
3-3-12 IP
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5-3-12 routernetwork
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34

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exit :EXEC logout
:
Denver> connect paris
Denver> paris
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Paris> exit
41

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3-2- 6 11.0
50

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51

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55

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56

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60

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61

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62

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64

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72

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73

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75

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77

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78

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15 .
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96

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ip default-network .
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97

:
1-13 q
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.
. ) (IOS pingtrace ip route
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.

2-13 q 5
1-2-13

.
.OSI
:
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- 2
- 3
2-2-13 1
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5-2-13
.
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6-2-13 5

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) ( .

99

:
1
2
3

100

access-enable

access-template

3
4
5
6
7
8

appn
atmsig
b
bandwidth
banner motd
bfe

boot system

10
11
12
13
14

calendar
cd
cdp enable
clear
clear counters

15

clockrate

16

cmt

17

configure

18

Configure memor

19
20

config-register
Configure termina

.APPN
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.
.
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.

.
.
.
.
.
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.

.FDDI

101

.
.

21
22

connect
copy

23

copy flash tftp

.TFTP

24

copy running-config tftp

RAM
.TFTP

25

RAM
copy running-config startup-config
.NVRAM

26

copy tftp flash

TFTP
.

27
28

copy tftp running-config

debug

29

debug ip rip

30
31
32
33
34

delete
dir
disable
disconnect
enable

35

enable password

36

enable secret

.enable password

37
38

erase
erase startup-config

39

exit

40

format

41

help

42
43

history
interface

.TFTP
.

RIP
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.NVRAM

.EXEC
.

.

102

IP .

44

ip address

45
46

ip default-network
ip domain-lookup

47

ip host

--
.

48

ip name-server

49
50

ip route
lat

51

line

52

lock

53

login

.
.

54

logout

.EXEC

55

mbranch

56

media-type

57

mrbranch

58

mrinfo

59

mstat

traceroute
.

60

mtrace

61
62

name-connection
ncia

63

network

.
.

.
.LAT

.
/ .NCIA

.

103

64
65

no shutdown
pad

66

ping

67
68

ppp
pwd

69

reload

70

rlogin

.rlogin

71

router

router rip
.IP
RIP .

72
73
74
75
76

rsh
sdlc
send
service password-encryption
setup

77

show buffers

78

show cdp entry

.CDP

79

show cdp interface

CDP .

80
81
82

show cdp neighbors

show flash
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83

show interfaces

84

show ip interface

85

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86

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.

.
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104

87

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88

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89

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90

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91

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92

show startup-config

93

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94
95
96

shutdown
telnet
term ip

97

trace

98

verify

99

where

100

which-route

101

write

102

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103

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.
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.
.
.
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.
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105

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104
105

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106

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7/12

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107

7/19

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.
.
.

:
. .
.
.
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7/26




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108

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109

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110

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111

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112

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113

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114

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116

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118

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119

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124

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125

* ) HDLC High-level Data Link Control ( -- IEEE

HDLC . -


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2
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IP PPP
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2.1.3

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128 ) BRI Basic Rate Interface (
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126

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127

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128

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129

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130

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3.1

3.1.2

131

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132

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3.2

3.2.1

133

.IOS
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3.2.2

IOS
. .
. :
) User EXEC Mode .1 (EXEC
) Privileged EXEC Mode .2 EXEC () (
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) Router Configuration Mode .4 (
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.
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134

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RAM .
. .NVRAM
.
.

135

. RAM
.
.
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4.2.1

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.
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* -- show memory
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* -- show buffers
* -- show flash
* ) show running-config write term IOS 10.3 ( --
* ) show startup-config show config IOS 10.3 ( --
* -- show interfaces
4.2
show

136

4.2.2
show running-configshow startup-config
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) : write term show config IOS 10.3 .
. (.
current configuration .
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4.2.3
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show flash .
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4.3

4.3.1
CDP
) CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol (
. CDP

137

.
) .(MAC
) IOS 10.3 ( CDP

CDP . TCP/IP
.
3 4
4.3

4.3.2
CDP
CDP . show cdp neighbors
CDP .
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CDP .
. CDP
CDP .

show . CDP CDP
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60 180 .
CDP
4.3
CDP

138

4.3.4
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. } show cdp entry {device name CDP
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:
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4.3

4.3.5
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.show cdp ) CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol (

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CDP .
4.4

4.4.1
OSI
IP .
. OSI .

139

telnet ping traceshow ip route

.OSI
show interfaces debug .
4.4

4.4.2

. TCP/IP
. .
. . .
. telnet
TCP/IP
TCP/IP connect telnet .
. exit :EXEC .logout
:
* :
Denver> connect paris
Denver> paris
Denver> 131.108.100.152

* ) (:
Denver>1
>Paris

* :
Paris> exit

.TCP/IP

.
.
TCP/IP
. ) ( .

. . ping
. .

) ( . ""
"" .
4.4

4.4.3

140

.
. ping
. --
.
(172.16.1.5) ping . )!(
. ) (.
.ping ping user EXEC . ping
) ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (.

) ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (.

ICMP . ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ICMP
. ping
DNS .IP
ping

4.4

4.4.4
trace
trace . trace ping
trace . EXEC
.
trace ) TTL .(Time To Live
trace . trace
. .
. .
)*( . trace
.6+Shift+Ctrl

IOS .traceroute traceroute ICMP

) TTL .(Time To Live
4.4

4.4.5
show ip route
. -
.
. show ip route
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141

4.4

4.4.6
show interfaces serial
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:
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.
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4.4

4.4.7
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. show interfaces .
.
. . clear counters .0
0 .

show interfaces .clear counters

. . clear counters
.show interface .
4.4

4.4.8
debug
. EXEC debug

privileged . terminal monitor
debug .

142

. ) undebug all (no debug all

. .
) : . .
(.
debug .
. terminal monitor .
4.5

4.5.1

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5.1

5.1.1

143

.
. NVRAM .
IOS .
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5.1.3

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5.2

144

5.2.1
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145

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6.1

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146

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.
6.1

6.1.2
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EXEC configure TFTP
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* -- configure memory NVRAM
* -- copy tftp running-config TFTP RAM
* -- show running-config RAM
* -- copy running-config startup-config RAM NVRAM
* -- copy running-config tftp RAM TFTP
* -- show startup-config NVRAM
* -- erase startup-config NVRAM

HyperTerminal .
6.1

6.1.3
11.0
IOS 10.3 . .
. .
6.1

6.1.4
copy running-config tftpcopy tftp running-config
IOS

147

.TFTP copy running-config tftp

RAM .TFTP :
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. :
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.2 .
. .
IP . TFTP IP
.131.108.2.155
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) .(router.cfg .
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) TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (

.
6.1

6.1.5
NVRAM 11.x
) :NVRAM (
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) (.
* -- show startup-config .NVRAM
6.1

6.1.6
NVRAM IOS 11.0
IOS 10.3 . .
. .
6.2

148

6.2.1

.EXEC
.
EXEC
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:
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* IPX
*
. exit
exit
. Z+Ctrl EXEC
.

.
6.2

6.2.2

. EXEC configure
. EXEC .
NVRAM .
. Return .
:
* ) (config-router .
* ) (config-if .
.exit
6.2

6.2.3

. )?( .

149

Router (config-router)#

6.2

6.2.4

.
.
.
6.2

6.2.5

. .
DCE .DTE
DTE DCE .
.clockrate bandwidth show interfaces
.IGRP
.4000 4000
- ) AUI Attachment Unit Interface ( .10BASE-T AUI
media-type 10BASE-T .

IP .
6.3

6.3.1
11.x
:
*
*
*
* NVRAM
6.3

6.3.2
11.0
IOS 10.3 . .
. .
6.3

150

6.3.3

. EXEC
.
* -- line console 0
* -- line vty 0 4
* -- enable password EXEC
* ) enable secreet password ( --

.service password-encryption
).(DES
6.3

6.3.4

.
.
. .
.Router .
.Tokyo
"-" .
) ( .
banner motd .
6.4

6.4.1

. ) (
. .
-
. IP
.
6.4

6.4.2

151

Config Maker

.ConfigMaker ConfigMaker
.
NT/98/95
6.4

6.4.3

11.0 IOS ip http server ) HTTP HyperText

Transfer Protocol ( .

NVRAM .TFTP :
* --
* --
* --
.
-777 7

" "
.IOS IOS
IOS .IOS
. TFTP .
. IOS:
*
* TFTP
* ) ROM IOS (
7.1
IOS
7.1.1
IOS
IOS
.NVRAM IOS .
.
:

152

* .
NVRAM .copy running-config startup-config
.
* NVRAM .
IOS .

* TFTP .
.
7.1
IOS
7.1.2


.
.config-register .

NVRAM

) 3 2 1 (0
16 .NVRAM 4
.
.
(0x010x
)
:
0x100 ) ROM ( .
*
ROM b ) ROM
.(0-0-0-0
0x101 ) ROM
*
.(0-0-0-1
0x102 0x10F
*
.NVRAM ) 0-0-1-0 .(1-1-1-1
config-register .show version
7.1
IOS
7.1.3
show version
show version IOS .
) (.
IOS .
.11.2
System image file is "c4500-f-mz", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129

.
IOS 11.2 .
.4500

153

show version
.
config-register 0x10f
show running-config .show startup-config

:

IOS .
.
7.2

7.2.1

.IOS
IOS
:ROM
* -- ) EEPROM - ( .

.TFTP
* --
.TFTP
* -- ROM ROM
. ROM IOS
IOS .
.IOS
copy running-config startup-config .NVRAM
.

7.2

7.2.2
TFTP
.
. TFTP . TFTP
. TFTP
. TFTP
.TCP/IP TFTP .
TFTP
:

* TFTP .TCP/IP ping
.
* .
.IOS
IOS

154

* TFTP
.
.
.
7.2

7.2.3
show flash
show flash IOS .
4 . .IOS
) Cisco Connection Online (CCO dir ls
.TFTP

IOS .
IOS . IOS
. ) TFTP ( .IOS
7.3
IOS
7.3.1
IOS
.

IOS .IOS
.
IOS 11.2 :
.1

.2
.3
IOS .
CCO .
7.3
IOS
7.3.2
copy flash tftp
.
.
.TFTP show flash
) (xk09140z copy flash tftp .TFTP .
IOS

155

.
.
7.3
IOS
7.3.3
copy tftp flash
IOS .
TFTP .copy tftp flash
IP .TFTP
IOS . .TFTP
. .
.IOS
.
.
. . )!(
) (UDP . V .
show flash
. reload .

* IOS
.NVRAM
* show version IOS .
* .IOS
IOS TFTP .ROM
* show flash IOS .
* IOS 11.2 IOS :
*
*
*
* .
.
* IOS copy tftp flash
.TFTP

-777 8

. CCNA
. .

156

. .
. " "
.
8.1
CLI
8.1.1

.
8.1
CLI
8.1.2

16002500
. 1600
.2500 / .IOS

.
. .
.
8.2

8.2.1

) 604 (
) A_ (A .
.
" " .
.
?
* "" .
. " " .
"?"
*
* IP " " .
* exit Z+Ctrl
* IOS .IOS
configure terminal .config t

* .Enter
. " ".

157

* line console 0 login .password cisco

line vty 0 4 login .password cisco
) 412 (
A- 2 .
. )?(
IOS . .
.
.
. IOS
config t ) exit Z+CTRL (
.
. Enter ) Backspace IOS
( . IOS.
!

. .
. IP .

:
* CLI
*
* 16002500
-777 9

/ ).(TCP/IP
TCP/IP .
TCP/IP .
)(
. ICMP ARP.RARP
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.1
TCP/IP OSI
TCP/IP ) .(DARPA
.DARPA TCP/IP Berkeley Software Distribution .
TCP/IP .
TCP/IP :
* TCP/IP .

158

* TCP/IP .
* TCP/IP .
TCP/IP .
OSI - .
TCP/IP ) 7 ( ) 4( ) 3( .
/ .
TCP/IP
. TCP/IP 3) 4 IP (TCP
.
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.2
TCP/IP
.
.
) DNS Domain Name System (
.
) WINS Windows Internet Naming Service (
NT NT .
HOSTS . IP .
) POP3 Post Office Protocol (
. .
) SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol (
. .
) SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (
.
) FTP File Transfer Protocol ( TCP
.FTP )(.
) TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (
UDP .TFTP FTP
.
) HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol (
.
. - .

) Telnet(
.

159

) PING
/ .
Traceroute PING .PING Traceroute
.
:
-- NBSTAT NETBIOS .
-- NETSTAT TCP/IP TCP/IP
ICMP TCP.UDP
-- winipcfg/ipconfig
MAC IP.
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.3
TCP/IP
4
. 4 .
.
:
* -- TCP .
TCP . TCP .
* -- UDP
. UDP . UDP
.
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.4
TCPUDP
TCP :
* --

* --
* --
* -- TCP
* -- HLEN -32
* -- 0
* -- ) (
* --
* --
Internet Groper

Packet (

160

* --
* -- : TCP
* --
. UDP .
. UDP .
UDP :
* TFTP
* SNMP
* ) NFS Network File System (
* ) DNS Domain Name System (
9.1

TCP/IP

9.1.5

TCPUDP

TCP UDP ) ( .
.
.RFC 1700 FTP
.21
.
- .TCP
TCP UDP .
:
* 255 .
* 1023-255 .
* 1023 .
. 1023
.
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.6
/ TCP
TCP ) (ISNs .
. .TCP
.
ISNs SYN synchronize "" )
SYN .(SYNs .ISNs

161

ISN ISN . ISN

) (ACK :
-- A -> B SYN X
-- A <- B ACK X
-- A <- B SYN Y
-- A ->B ACK Y
/ .
/ .
TCP .ISN SYN

.SYN
TCP
)(.
9.1
TCP/IP
9.1.7
TCP
TCP . TCP
TCP . TCP
.
.
.
. 1
. .
. 1
.
TCP
TCP . ""

.TCP
.
TCP
TCP . . TCP
. .
.
.
.
.
9.2
3

162

9.2.1

TCP/IP
TCP/IP .OSI
.
TCP/IP :OSI
* -- IP

* -- ICMP
* -- ARP IP
* -- RARP
9.2
3
9.2.2
IP
.IP IP IP ) MAC

Media Access Control ( .MAC
. IP :
* -- VERS
* -- HLEN 32
* --
* -- ) +(
* -- ) (MTUs
* -- TTL
* -- ) (4
* --
* IP IP -- IP 32
* -- IP
4 .IP IP
TCP IP . IP 4
. . IP .
9.2
3
9.2.3
)(ICMP
ARP IP MAC
. MAC .ARP
ARP .

163

" ARP"
. ARP .
.

ARP . .

.XYZ MAC
.

* TCP/IP OSI :
*
*
*
* .
.
* :
*
*
* TCP/IP .OSI
* ICMP ICMP . .TCP/IP
* ARP IP MAC

* RARP RARP .RARP
-777 10

" "TCP/IP / ) (TCP/IP
. IP .
.IP
10.1

IP
10.1.1
IP
TCP/IP . TCP/IP
32 . IP 32 .
IP IP . ping trace .IP

164

.
.
10.1
IP
10.1.2

.IP
IP .
. IP . 0 " " " "
) .(172.16.0.0 0 IP TCP/IP .
.
IP :
* .
* .
* .
10.1
IP
10.1.3

.IP . .IP
IOS - . /
. . ) (255.255.255.255
- .
10.1
IP
10.1.4
IP
. )
( ./n
:
/8 = 255.0.0.0

/24 = 255.255.255.0

5 .IP
10.2
DNS
10.2.1

165

ip addresses - .
term ip netmask-format . :
*
* )(
*
ip addresses

10.2

DNS
10.2.2
ip host
ip host -- .
10.2
DNS
10.2.3
ip name-server
. IP
ip name-server
.
IP .DNS
DNS IP .
10.2
DNS
10.2.4
DNS
IP . IOS -
.EXEC .

IP .IP ftp.cisco.com
) (FTP . IP . ) DNS Domain Name Service
255.255.255.255 . router(config)# no ip
(
domain-lookup -- . .
10.2
DNS
10.2.5
show hosts
show hosts .
10.3

166

10.3.1

.IP
.
:
* -- telnet
* -- ping ICMP

* -- trace

10.3

10.3.2
telnetping
telnet . telnet
ping .
telnet .
ping ICMP EXEC .
ping ) (. )!( .
:ping

!
.

U
C

I
?
) ping(X 6+Shift+Ctrl
&


ping EXEC . ping
. ping Enter Y .
10.3

10.3.3
trace
trace )(
. .
: trace IP CLNS VINES.AppleTalk

167

.
:
-- !H .
-- P .
-- N .
-- U .
* --
trace

)*( .

10.4

10.4.1

. .IP
5 5 .
5 . IP C
. ConfigMaker .
.

* TCP/IP . TCP/IP
32 .IP
* IP :
* .
* .
* .
* .
* ip addresses .
* ip host -- .
.
* ip name-server
* show hosts .
* telnet ping trace .IP
-777 11

" "IP ) .(IP
3 ) OSI .(Open System Interconnection
.

168

) (distance-vector (link-state) ) (hybrid

.
11.1

11.1.1

) .(3
. .
.
- . IP
. .
- .

11.1

11.1.2

.
.
. .
3 .
.

.
11.1

11.1.3

) ( .
.
.
.
. - .1
11.1

11.1.4

:

169

*
* .
.
.
.
. ) (
.
11.1

11.1.5

.

. . . )(IP
.
. .
. TCP/IP :
* ) RIP Routing Information Protocol (
* ) IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (
* ) EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (
* ) OSPF Open Shortest Path First (
11.1

11.1.6


.
.
.
.
.
11.1

11.1.7

.
.

170

11.2

11.2.1

.
.
.
.
.
11.2

11.2.2

.
. .
.
. .
11.2

11.2.3

-
. .
X X .
.
X
.
11.2

11.2.4


.
.
.D D .C
C .

171

A D A D .
A B .
. A
.D .B A D
. .
B

A D A
D C .
.
.
11.2

11.2.5

:
*
*
.
. :
*
*
*
*
11.2

11.2.6

.
"" . .
.
.
:
* -- ) 10 64
(
* --
--
*
* --
* --
* -- ) IBM 55(.

172

* --
11.2

11.2.7

:
*
* .
. ) (

) (.
.
.
11.2

11.2.8

.
. . .
.
/ .
11.3

11.3.1

.

.
B .A
.
B ) ( .C
.
.
.
11.3

11.3.2

.

.0

173

A .B
.
.
11.3

11.3.3

.
.
. ) (
.
11.3

11.3.4


.
:
.1 1 . .
C 1 B C 1 .3
B C
.2 1 E .A A 1
D . A B D 1
C . C 1 .B
.3 C D 1 .B D
.A A B E .
1 C B A D C .
11.3

11.3.5

1
.
1 . .
) ( .
.
11.3

11.3.6

174

.


. )
(.
.
16 15 .
1 .
11.3

11.3.7


. :
.1 A B D 1 . C B
1 4 .D .
.2 B C 1 .
B A .1
.3 A 1 B B 1
C C 1 .D
.
.4 . 1 A
B D 1 .A
.
11.3

11.3.8

:
.1
.
.

.2
.
.3 .

.
11.4

11.4.1

175

. SPF
) Shortest Path First ( .

. :
* )(LSAs
*
* SPF SPF
*
) OSPF Open Shortest Path First ( .
RFC 1583 .OSPF
11.4

11.4.2

:
.1 LSA . .
.2 LSA .
.3 SPF .
. ).(SPF
.4 .
.
11.4

11.4.3

.
.
. :
.

* :
* LSA
.
* LSA .
* LSA LSA .
* LSA .SPF

176

LSA ) (SPF
. .

Dijkstra
11.4

11.4.4

- .



. .

.
. Dijkstra
SPF .

.
LSA .
.
LSA
.
11.4

11.4.5
) (LSAs
LSA .
LSA .
. :
.1 C D .1 LSA .
.2 1 LSA .
.3 Network 1, Unreachable C
. LSA A LSA D .Network 1, Back Up Now
.4 LSA A SPF .
1 1 ?
LSA .
.LSA
.LSA .

177



.
11.5

SPF

11.5.1

:

.
*
LSA.
.
*
.
* .
. . LSA
.
11.5

11.5.2

.

. .
.
.
. ) IS-IS Intermediate System-to-
Intermediate System -- ( OSI) EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol ( .
11.5

11.5.3

--
.
3.
-- . 4
1 5 .2
.
2 To0
. 1
2 3 . 2 5
.

178

11.5

11.5.4

--
.

:
.
.1 1.3
2.4 .
.2 .A
.3 A .B
.4 B .
.5 2.4 .
-
.
11.5

11.5.5

. .
.
.

. .

.
.

:
* .
* .
*
.
.
*
* .
.
*
-777 12

179

.IP
IP
IP .
) RIP Routing Information Protocol ( ) IGRP Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol ( . .IP
12.1

12.1.1

IOS .
.
.
. .
:
*
*
*
*
*
NVRAM
.
.
.configure
12.1

12.1.2
IP
.
IP . IOS IP .
.
.
.
-- .IP
12.1

12.1.3

:
* --

180

* --
* -- .
12.1

12.1.4
ip route
ip route - .
0 .255
.
. .
.

) 1 ( .
.
12.1

12.1.5
ip route
172.16.1.0 A
. B .
- .

.
12.1

12.1.6
ip default-network
ip default-network - ..
.
.
. .
ip default-network redistribute static
.
12.1

12.1.7
ip default-network

181

ip default network 192.168.17.0 192.168.17.0 C

. X . A
. A .X
.
12.2

12.2.1

.

. 16 . IGRP
) (NIC
.
12.2

12.2.2

.
.
12.2

12.2.3

IP
TCP/IP
. IP:
* -- RIP

* -- IGRP
* -- OSPF
* -- EIGRP
.
12.2

IP

12.2.4

IP .
RIP IGRP IP . /
. .
.
12.2
IP

182

12.2.5
routernetwork

router .
network .
.
A B.C
12.3
RIP
12.3.1

RIP
RIP .RFC 1058 :
.
*
* .
* 15 .
* 30.
12.3
RIP
12.3.2

router rip network

router rip RIP . network
. RIP . : RIP
. RIP .
12.3
RIP

RIP
12.3.3
IP

RIP
:
* -- router rip RIP
* -- network 1.0.0.0
* -- network 2.0.0.0
A 1.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 .RIP
.
12.3
RIP
12.3.4

183

IP
show ip protocol .
.

30 ) ( . 17
13 . Routing for Networks .
RIP .120
12.3
show ip protocol

RIP
12.3.5

show ip route IP
.

RIP .
12.4
show ip route

IGRP
12.4.1

IGRP
. IGRP 90
IGRP
. IGRP :
*
*
*
IGRP . IGRP
. :
*
*
*
*
12.4
IGRP
12.4.2

router igrp network

router igrp IGRP .
network . : RIP
. IGRP .
12.4
IGRP

184

IGRP
12.4.3
IP

IGRP
IGRP .109 1.0.0.02.0.0.0
.IGRP :
* -- router igrp 109 IGRP 109
* -- network 1.0.0.0
* -- network 2.0.0.0
12.4
IGRP

12.4.4
IP show ip protocol
RIP
show ip protocol )( )
IGRP( . IGRP .
K1-K5 K1 K3 .
K1 K3 .1 K2 K4 K5 .0
12.4
IGRP
12.4.5

show ip interfaces .IP IOS

. .up
.
.
show ip interfaces

12.4
IGRP
12.4.6

show ip route .IP

. ) IGRP (I ).(C
show ip route

12.4
IGRP
12.4.7

debug ip rip RIP . 183.8.128.130 .

.15
.183.8.128.2
debug ip rip

185

.
. no debug ip rip .no debug all
12.5

12.5.1

.
. .
"" RIP

. ) (
.
.
Rip

12.5

12.5.2

A- E- .
1 A- 0.E-
DCE ) 0.(E-
12.5

12.5.3

.
.
. RIP .

* .
* :
*
*
*
* ip route .
* ip default-network .

186

* IP RIP.IGRP
-777 13

/ .
. . ) (IOS
ping trace ip route telnet .show arp ) (Engineering Journal
) ( . .
13.1
5
13.1.1

.
- .OSI
:
* - 1
* - 2
* - 3
13.1
5
13.1.2
1
:1
*
*
*
*
* ) (
* /
* DCE
* DTE
*
13.1
5
13.1.3
2
:2

187

*
*
* ) HDLC (
*
13.1
5
13.1.4
3
:3
*
*
* IP
*
* DNS IP
13.1

5
13.1.5

.
.
13.1
5
13.1.6
5

/ .
. . ) (IOS
ping trace ip route telnet .show arp ) (Engineering Journal
) ( .

:
* 1
* 2
* 3
*
777

188

:1
:

1.1

1.1.1 OSI
1.1.2

1.1.3
OSI
1.1.4
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3 IEEE 802.3
1.2.4

1.2.5
) (IP
1.3
MAC
1.3.1
TCP/IP
1.3.2
TCP/IP
1.4

1.4.1
) (OSI
1.4.2

1.4.3

13-1
:
:
1.1
:1
1.2 OSI
1.3
1.4
TCP/IP
) (OSI

189

:2
2.2

3.1
:3
3.2

4.1
:4
4.2

show 4.3
4.4

4.5

:
5.1
:5
5.2

5.3

:
:6 6.1
6.2
6.3

6.4

:
:7 7.1 IOS
7.2 IOS
7.3

IOS
8.1
:8 2
CLI
:
:9 9.1
9.2
TCP/IP
3
:10 IPO
10.1
IP
10.2

2.1

8.2

190

DNS
10.3

10.4

:11
11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

:12
12.1

12.2

12.3
RIP
12.4
IGRP
12.5

:13
13.1
5

13-1
:
:1
1

191

:2
2.2.2
.
.
2.2.3.1
.2
.

2.2.3.2
.2
IOS IP .
:3
3.2.1

.IOS
" " " ".
3.2.2
IOS
. .
. :
.1 EXEC
.2 EXEC ) (
.3
.4
.5
.6
4.2.4
:4
show . show .
) show running-config (show run
.RAM ) show startup-config (show start
) NVRAM ( . .reload
.

4.3.5
.show cdp ) (CDP
) ( CDP . ) (2 .OSI
3 IP IPX . CDP
IOS 10.3
.cdp interface show cdp interface CDP .
show cdp neighbors show cdp neighbors detail CDP .
4.4.2

192

) ( . " "
"" .
.
4.4.3
ICMP . ICMP .
ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ICMP . ping
DNS
.IP
4.4.4

IOS .traceroute ICMP

).(TTL
4.4.7
show interface .clear counters
.
4.5.1
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205

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208

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210

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211

12.4.5
show ip interfaces
12.4.6
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12.4.7
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212

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213

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214