Sean E. Corpuz Discrete Mathematics January 13, 2004 Dr. Hairong uang Home!or" #1 $.

Se%era& 'orms o' negation are gi%en 'or each o' the 'o&&o!ing statements. (hich are correct) a. *he ans!er is either 2 or 3. 1. 2. 3. +either 2 nor 3 is the ans!er. *he ans!er is not 2 or not 3. *he ans!er is not 2 an, it is not 3.

-ns!er. /n this particu&ar situation there are t!o 'orms !hich negate the statement a0o%e. *hey are. 1 an, 3. 0. Cucum0ers are green an, see,y. 1. 2. 3. Cucum0ers are not green an, not see,y. Cucum0ers are not green or not see,y. Cucum0ers are green an, not see,y,

-ns!er. /n this case, 1, 2, an, 3 a&& negate the statement cucum0ers are green -+D see,y. c. 2 1 2 an, 3 is o,,. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 3 2 an, 3 is e%en. 2 4 2 an, 3 is e%en. 2 4 2 or 3 is o,,. 2 4 2 or 3 is e%en.

-ns!er. 5ina&&y statements 1, 2, 3 an, 4 a&& negate the primary statement a0o%e. 13. 6sing &etters 'or component statements, trans&ate the 'o&&o!ing compoun, statements into sym0o&ic notation. a. /' -nita !ins the e&ection, then ta7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce,. -ns!er. -. -nita !ins the e&ection. 8. *a7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce,. -98

0.

*a7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce, on&y i' -nita !ins the e&ection an, the economy remains strong. -ns!er. -. *a7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce,.

8. -nita !ins the e&ection. C. *he economy remains strong. :8 ; C< 9 c. *a7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce,, i' the economy remains strong. -ns!er. -. *a7 rates !i&& 0e re,uce,. 8. *he economy remains strong. 89,. - strong economy !i&& 'o&&o! 'rom -nita !inning the e&ection. -ns!er. -. - strong economy !i&& 'o&&o!. 8. -nita !inning the e&ection. 89e. *he economy !i&& remain strong i' an, on&y i' -nita !ins the e&ection or ta7 rates are re,uce,. -ns!er. -. *he economy !i&& remain strong. 8. -nita !ins the e&ection. C. *a7 rates are re,uce,. :8 => C< ? 14. Construct truth ta0&es 'or the 'o&&o!ing !e&& 'orme, 'ormu&ae. +ote any tauto&ogies or contra,ictions. c. - >= :-@ => 8@< -ns!er. 0 0 1 1 8 0 1 0 1 -@ 1 1 0 0 8@ 1 0 1 0 :-@ => 8@< 1 1 1 0 - >= :-@ => 8@< 0 0 1 0

*his !e&& 'orme, 'ormu&a contains no tauto&ogy or contra,iction !hatsoe%er.

e. :- 9 8< 9 A:- => C< 9 :8 => C<B -ns!er. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 :- 9 8< 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 :- => C< 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 :8 => C< 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 :- 9 8< 9 A:- => C< 9 :8 => C<B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C&ease ta"e note that this particu&ar !e&& 'orme, 'ormu&a is a tauto&ogy. g. - >= 8 ? 8@ => -@ -ns!er. 0 0 1 1 8 0 1 0 1 -@ 1 1 0 0 8@ 1 0 1 0 - >= 8 0 0 0 0 8@ => -@ 1 1 1 0 - >= 8 ? 8@ => -@ 0 0 0 0

C&ease ta"e note that this !e&& 'orme, 'ormu&a is a contra,iction !ith any %a&ue. i. A:- => 8< >= C@B 9 -@ => C -ns!er. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 -@ 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8@ 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 C@ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 :- => 8< 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 -@ => C 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 :- => 8< >= C@ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

A:- => 8< >= C@B 9 -@ => C 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

12.Deri'y each !ith a truth ta0&e. ,. - 9 - => 8 -ns!er. 0 0 1 1 8 0 1 0 1 - => 8 0 1 1 1 - 9 - => 8 1 1 1 1

C&ease note that this is a tauto&ogy. '. 0 0 1 1 :- >= 8<@ ? -@ => 8@ 8 0 1 0 1 -@ 1 1 0 0 8@ 1 0 1 0 :- >= 8<@ 1 1 1 0 -@ => 8@ 1 1 1 0 :- >= 8<@ ? -@ => 8@ 1 1 1 1

+ote that this !e&& 'orme, 'ormu&a is a tauto&ogy. E' a&& the statements !hich !ere gi%en to us, on&y 'our are propositions. *hey are the 'o&&o!ing. c. *here are no 0&ac" '&ies in Maine. /n this case, the truth %a&ue o' this statement &ies !ithin the 'act that there are no 0&ac" '&ies in Maine. ,. 4 F 7 G $ *he truth %a&ue 'or this particu&ar statement is 7 G 1. e. 7 F 1 G $ i' 7 G1 *his statement !ith the gi%en %a&ues is 'a&seH ho!e%er, it ,oesn@t negate the 'act that this is a preposition. '. 7 F y G y F z i' 7 G z /n or,er 'or this statement to 0e consi,ere, truth, you nee, the %a&ue o' 7 to eIua& z. thus ,emonstrating the commutati%e property.