* Explicit code approaches teach phonological awareness; letter sound

correspondences; the alphabetic principle; and the use of phonic analysis, structural analysis and sykkabication to decode unknown word.

* They emphasize three instructional features : Systematic instroduction of letter-sound correspondences and
teaching students to blend the sounds to make words and segment sounds to spell words.

Scaffolded instroduction so that modeling, guidance and positive and

corrective feedback are integral features of instroduction.

Multiple opportunities for practice and review in various contexts.

In comparison to explicit code instroduction approaches, implicit code instroduction in general does the following :

Places more emphasis on using context clues, including pictures clues,

in decoding unknown words.

Begins by teaching an intial set of sight words. Uses known words to discover word patterns and phonic
generalizations.

Teaches onset-rime and phonic and structural analysis within the context
of meaningiful stories and books.

Puts less emphasis on systematicallycontrolling the isntroduction of

letter-sounds= relationships and spelling patterns.

a)Sight word association produce

b)Picture association technique c)Sentences-word association

technique