PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE (part 2)

FROM: BIOLOGY, CONCEPTS AND CONNECTIONS

MORE PUNNETT SQUARES

Dihybrid cross- crossing two traits
Parents: round yellow seeds wrinkled green seeds F1 generation (children): all plants- round yellow seeds F2 generation (granchildren):
9/16 of plants with round yellow seeds
3/16 of plants with round green seeds 3/16 of plants with wrinkled yellow seeds

1/16 of plants with wrinkled green seeds

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

MORE PUNNETT SQUARES

Mendel needed to explain

Why nonparental (new) combinations were observed Why a 9:3:3:1 ratio was observed among the F2 offspring

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

The law of independent assortment is revealed by tracking two characters at once

Law of independent assortment

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation For genotype RrYy, four gamete types are possible: RY, Ry, rY, and ry
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hypothesis: Dependent assortment P generation RRYY rryy

Hypothesis: Independent assortment RRYY rryy

Gametes RY

ry

Gametes RY

ry

F1 generation

RrYy

RrYy

Sperm
1 2

Sperm
1 4

RY

1 2

RY

ry
1 4

1 4

rY

1 4

Ry

1 4

ry

F2 generation Eggs

1 2

RY RRYY RrYY RRYy RrYy

RY

1 2

ry

1 4

rY RrYY Ry RRYy ry RrYy rrYy Rryy rryy Actual results (support hypothesis) RrYy RRyy Rryy rrYY RrYy

Eggs
1 4 1 4

rrYy
9 16 3 16 3 16 1 16

Yellow round Green round Yellow wrinkled Green wrinkled

Hypothesized (not actually seen)

Blind

Blind

Phenotypes Genotypes Mating of heterozygotes (black, normal vision) Phenotypic ratio of offspring

Black coat, normal vision B_N_

Black coat, blind (PRA) B_nn

Chocolate coat, normal vision Chocolate coat, blind (PRA) bbN_ bbnn BbNn 3 chocolate coat, normal vision 1 chocolate coat, blind (PRA)

BbNn
9 black coat, normal vision 3 black coat, blind (PRA)

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

DIHYBRID CROSS HANDOUT

IN YOUR PACKET, THERE IS A HANDOUT FOR PRACTICING DIHYBRID CROSSES
WORK ON THIS NOW
IF YOU NEED HELP- ASK!!! WHEN YOU GET TO THE COIN FLIPPING PART, FIND A PARTNER AND SEE ME FOR COINS

IF YOU FINISH, RESEARCH!