and the lower half by u (x ) = 1 x 2 , shown dotted in Figure 8a.

8a. Both halves can be described by the implicit equation u 2 (x ) = 1 x 2 . From (5) we see that the corresponding prole functions are p (t ) = u (r arcsin(t / r )), both of which can be described by the implicit equation t p (t ) = 1 r arcsin r
2 2

They depend on the radius of the main cylinder. In Figures 8bf the cylinder is turned (for ease in displaying) so that its axis is horizontal, and the corresponding graph of p+ (t ) is shown for various values of r . The ipped graph of each p (t ) (not shown) is the mirror image reection through the horizontal dashed line. In Figures 8cf the dashed curves lie on the rear half of the cylinder and are hidden from view.

(c) (b) (a)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Figure 8. Rolling a circle on a transparency onto cylinders with decreasing radii.

6. ROTATING THE MAIN CYLINDER. On a circular cylinder of radius r , take a curve C with explicit prole function z = p (t ). Rotate the cylinder through an angle about its axis, but keep the viewing plane xed. The prole function of the rotated curve on the viewing plane depends on , and we denote its ordinates by z . The next theorem describes z in terms of p . Theorem 3. On a cylinder of radius r , take a curve C with prole function z = p (t ) on the viewing plane. If the cylinder is rotated about its axis through an angle , the rotated curve on the same viewing plane has prole function z = p t cos + r 2 t 2 sin . (8)

Proof. Rotation of the cylinder through an angle is equivalent to shifting the arclength x = r by an amount r . Therefore, if the unwrapping function of C is u (x ), rotation of the cylinder through an angle (measured clockwise when viewed from above) replaces x with x + r , and the unwrapping equation of rotated C becomes z = u (x + r ) = p r sin 394 c x + r r [Monthly 114

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