OISD - 129 Amended edition FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION No.

INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS

OISD - STANDARD-129
First Edition, November 1988 Amended edition, August, 1999

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

Government of Ind ! " n #tr$ of Petro%e&m !nd N!t&r!% G!#

OISD STANDARD - 129 First Edition, November 1988 Amended edition, August, 1999 FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION No.

INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS

re!"red b#

CO""ITTEE ON INSPECTION OF STATIC E'UIP"ENT

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

2ND F$OOR, %&AI$AS'( 2), &AST*R+A ,AND'I -AR,, NE. DE$'I / 110 001

NOTES
OISD !ub1i2"tions "re !re!"red 3or use in t4e Oi1 "nd g"s industr# under -inistr# o3 etro1eum "nd N"tur"1 ,"s. T4ese "re t4e !ro!ert# o3 -inistr# o3 etro1eum "nd N"tur"1 ,"s "nd s4"11 not be re!rodu2ed or 2o!ied "nd 1o"ned or e54ibited to ot4ers 6it4out 6ritten 2onsent 3rom OISD. T4oug4 ever# e33ort 4"s been m"de to "ssure t4e "22ur"2# "nd re1i"bi1it# o3 d"t" 2ont"ined in t4ese do2uments, OISD 4ereb# e5!ress1# dis21"ims "n# 1i"bi1it# or res!onsibi1it# 3or 1oss or d"m"ge resu1ting 3rom t4eir use. T4ese do2uments "re intended on1# to su!!1ement "nd not re!1"2e t4e !rev"i1ing st"tutor# re7uirements.

Note 1 n #&(er#)r (t nd )!te# t*e mod f )!t on+)*!n,e#+!dd t on -!#ed on t*e !mendment# !((roved n t*e 1.t* S!fet$ Co&n) % meet n, *e%d n /&%$0 19991

FORE2ORD
T4e Oi1 Industr# in Indi" is 100 #e"rs o1d. +e2"use o3 v"rious 2o11"bor"tion "greements, " v"riet# o3 intern"tion"1 2odes, st"nd"rds "nd !r"2ti2es 4"ve been in vogue. St"nd"rdis"tion in design !4i1oso!4ies "nd o!er"ting "nd m"inten"n2e !r"2ti2es "t " n"tion"1 1eve1 6"s 4"rd1# in e5isten2e. T4is, 2ou!1ed 6it4 3eed b"28 3rom some serious "22idents t4"t o22urred in t4e re2ent !"st in Indi" "nd "bro"d, em!4"si9ed t4e need 3or t4e industr# to revie6 t4e e5isting st"te o3 "rt in designing, o!er"ting "nd m"int"ining oi1 "nd g"s inst"11"tions. .it4 t4is in vie6, t4e -inistr# o3 etro1eum : N"tur"1 ,"s, in 198), 2onstituted " S"3et# ;oun2i1 "ssisted b# Oi1 Industr# S"3et# Dire2tor"te <OISD= st"33ed 3rom 6it4in t4e industr# in 3ormu1"ting "nd im!1ementing " series o3 se13 regu1"tor# me"sures "imed "t removing obso1es2en2e, st"nd"rdising "nd u!gr"ding t4e e5isting st"nd"rds to ensure s"3e o!er"tions. A22ording1#, OISD 2onstituted " number o3 3un2tion"1 2ommittees 2om!rising o3 e5!erts nomin"ted 3rom t4e industr# to dr"6 u! st"nd"rds "nd guide1ines on v"rious sub>e2ts. T4e !resent do2ument on %Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s 6"s !re!"red b# t4e Fun2tion"1 ;ommittee on %Ins!e2tion o3 St"ti2 E7ui!ment(. T4is do2ument is b"sed on t4e "22umu1"ted 8no61edge "nd e5!erien2e o3 industr# members "nd t4e v"rious n"tion"1 "nd intern"tion"1 2odes "nd !r"2ti2es. T4is do2ument is me"nt to be used "s " su!!1ement "nd not "s " re!1"2ement 3or e5isting 2odes "nd st"nd"rds. It is 4o!ed t4"t t4e !rovisions o3 t4is do2ument, 64en "do!ted m"# go " 1ong 6"# to im!rove t4e s"3et# "nd redu2e "22idents in t4e oi1 "nd g"s Industr#. *sers o3 t4is do2ument "re 2"utioned t4"t no st"nd"rd 2"n be " substitute 3or " res!onsib1e 7u"1i3ied Ins!e2tion Engineers. Suggestions "re invited 3rom t4e users "3ter it is !ut into !r"2ti2e to im!rove t4e do2ument 3urt4er. T4is st"nd"rd in no 6"# su!ersedes t4e st"tutor# regu1"tions o3 ;;E, F"2tor# Ins!e2tor"te or ot4er ,overnment bodies, 64i24 must be 3o11o6ed "s "!!1i2"b1e. Suggestions 3or "mendments to t4is do2ument s4ou1d be "ddressed to T4e ;oordin"tor, ;ommittee on %Ins!e2tion o3 St"ti2 E7ui!ment, Oi1 Industr# S"3et# Dire2tor"te, 2nd F1oor, %&"i1"s4( 2), &"sturb" ,"nd4i -"rg, Ne6 De14i / 110 001

CO""ITTEE ON INSPECTION OF STATIC E'UIP"ENT

L #t of "em-er# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N"me Design"tion : osition in Org"nis"tion ;ommittee --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 2. ?. A. B. ). D. S4. R.&. S"b4"r6"1 S4.A.S. Soni S4.R.'. @o4r" S4.D. . D4"11 S4. . D"sgu!t" S4.I.-. Adv"ni S4.R.-.N. -"r"r ;-N--IO; <R : = D,- < =-ON,; D,--<E= IO; <-8tg.= ;4ie3 Ins!e2tion : AE -"n"ger-+ ; <Re3iner#= Sr.-"n"ger< Ins!e2tion= IO; <R : = -,R < ROC= ' ; <REF= Ct.Dire2tor OISD $e"der -ember -ember -ember -ember -ember

-ember ;o-ordin"tor. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In "ddition to t4e "bove sever"1 ot4er e5!erts 3rom t4e industr# 2ontributed in t4e !re!"r"tion, revie6 "nd 3in"1is"tion o3 t4is do2ument.

INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS CONTENTS

SE;TION 1.0 2.0 ?.0 ?.1 ?.2 ?.? ?.?.1 ?.?.2 ?.?.? ?.?.A ?.?.B A.0 B.0 ).0 D.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.? 8.A 8.A.1 8.A.2 8.A.? 8.A.A 8.A.B 8.B 8.) 9.0 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.? 11.0 11.1 11.1.1 11.1.2 11.1.? Introdu2tion S2o!e De3initions Atmos!4eri2 Stor"ge T"n8s $o6 ressure Stor"ge T"n8s T#!es o3 Stor"ge T"n8s Fi5ed Roo3 T"n8s F1o"ting Roo3 T"n8s Fi5ed-2um-F1o"ting Roo3 T"n8s O!en Roo3 T"n8s <.it4out Roo3= 'ori9ont"1 ;#1indri2"1 T"n8s Ro1e o3 Ins!e2tion Too1s Re7uired 3or Ins!e2tion Ins!e2tion o3 T"n8s During F"bri2"tion ;4e28 1ist 3or Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s +e3ore ;ommissioning $i8e1# Are"s o3 -et"1 ."st"ge +ottom 1"tes S4e11 1"tes Fi5ed Roo3 1"tesEStru2tures F1o"ting Roo3 F1o"ting Roo3 1"tes <De28 1"tes= ontoon +o5es Rim 1"tes Roo3 $egsEAssemb1# Roo3 Dr"in Sum! ."ter Dr"6 O33 No991esE i!es Ste"m ;oi1s Ins!e2tion rogr"mme 3or T"n8"ges in Servi2e Fre7uen2# o3 Ins!e2tion ;rude "nd rodu2t Stor"ge T"n8s Stor"ge T"n8s in -is2e11"neous Servi2es T"n8 -ountings Ins!e2tion ro2edures @isu"1 Ins!e2tion rote2tive ;o"tings Roo3 1"tes $"dders, St"ir6"#, 1"t3orm : Stru2tur"1s A,E NO.

SE;TION

A,E NO.

11.1.A T"n8 "ds 11.1.B An24or +o1ts 11.1.) Fire Fig4ting S#stems 11.1.D @ents "nd ressure Re1ieving Devi2es 11.1.8 Insu1"tion 11.1.9 ,rounding ;onne2tions 11.1.10 $e"8s 11.2 E5tern"1 Ins!e2tion 11.2.1 T"n8 Fittings, A22essories "nd i!e ;onne2tions 11.2.2 T"n8 S4e11 11.2.? T"n8 Roo3s 11.2.A ro>e2ting Out ortion o3 t4e +ottom 1"tes 11.? Intern"1 Ins!e2tion 11.?.1 Roo3 "nd Stru2tur"1 -embers 11.?.2 T"n8 S4e11 11.?.? T"n8 +ottoms 11.?.A ."ter Dr"6-o33 11.?.B $inings 11.?.) Roo3 Dr"ins 11.?.D 'e"ting ;oi1s 11.?.8 -is2e11"neous 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.? 1?.1.1 1?.0 1?.1 1?.1.2 1?.1.? 1?.2 1?.2.1 1?.2.2 1?.? 1?.A 1?.A.1 1?.A.2 1?.B 1?.) 1?.).1 1?.).2 1?.).? 1?.D 1A.0 1A.1 1B.0 1B.1 1B.2 ;"12u1"tion o3 Re>e2tion $imits 3or S4e11 1"tes Arbitr"r# $imits 3or To! S4e11 ;ourses +u281ing o3 *!!er S4e11 ;ourses .4en T"n8 is Em!t# ,ener"1 $o"ding ;onditions -et4od o3 ;"12u1"tion Roo3 Re!1"2ement -et4od o3 Re!"irs "nd Ins!e2tion Roo3 Re!"irs .e1d Re!"ir Re!"irs o3 Roo3 64en T"n8 is in Servi2e S4e11 1"tes Re!"ir S4e11 Re!1"2ement .e11 Re!"irs No991es Re!"irs T"n8 +ottom Re!"irs +ottom Re!1"2ement .e1d Re!"irs Ste"m ;oi1 Re!"irs T"n8 "d Re!"irs Erosion Sett1ement Ti1ting Insu1"tion Re!"ir *nderground Stor"ge T"n8s Ins!e2tion o3 "n *nderground T"n8 Do2ument"tion Do2ument"tion 3or Ne6 T"n8s Do2ument"tion 3or T"n8s in Servi2e

SE;TION 1).0 Re3eren2es

A,E NO.

ANNEF*RES I II III ;4e28 $ist 3or Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s S"3et# in Ins!e2tion o3 Stor"ge T"n8s ."ter Fi11-u! Test o3 " Stor"ge T"n8

INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS

11O INTRODUCTION
Inst"11"tions use t"n8"ges o3 v"rious t#!es "nd si9es to store initi"1, intermedi"te "nd 3inis4ed !etro1eum !rodu2t "nd 4en2e t4e 3"i1ure o3 "n# !"rt o3 " t"n8 m"# resu1t in " dis"ster. Time1# ins!e2tion "n !reventive m"inten"n2e 6i11 go " 1ong 6"# in m"8ing " t"n8 s"3er to store !rodu2ts 3or 1onger !eriods o3 time.

414 TYPES TANKS

OF

STORAGES

41411 F 6ed Roof T!n7#

Among 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s, 2one roo3 t"n8s "re ver# 2ommon 3or "tmos!4eri2 stor"ges t"n8s. Ot4er 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s "re umbre11" roo3 "nd dome roo3 t"n8s. $o6 !ressure roo3 t"n8s "re gener"11# 2onstru2ted o3 dome roo3.

2131 SCOPE
T4is st"nd"rd 2overs t4e minimum ins!e2tion re7uirements 3or "tmos!4eri2 "nd 1o6 !ressure stor"ge t"n8s 2onstru2ted "s !er st"nd"rds IS-80?, A I-)20, A I )B0, IS 1098D or e7uiv"1ent. Are"s to be ins!e2ted, 3"2i1ities 3or ins!e2tion, t4e ins!e2tion !ro2edures "nd 3re7uen2#, met4ods o3 re!"irs "nd 1i8e1# 2"uses o3 deterior"tion o3 stor"ge t"n8s in servi2e 4"ve been s!e2i3ied in t4is St"nd"rd. Ins!e2tion "nd testing re7uirements 3or t4e ne6 t"n8s during 3"bri2"tion "nd ere2tion, "nd !rior to 2ommissioning "re "1so brie31# 2overed.

41412 F%o!t n, Roof T!n7#

F1o"ting roo3 t"n8s "re designed to redu2e 3i11ing "nd bre"t4ing 1osses to " minimum "nd 3or s"3et# 2onsider"tions b# e1imin"ting t4e v"!our s!"2e "bove t4e stored 1i7uid. T4ere "re m"in1# 3o11o6ing t#!es o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8sH I= "n 31o"ting roo3 ii= ontoon 31o"ting roo3 iii= ontoon 6it4 +uo# t#!e 31o"ting roo3 iv= Doub1e De28 31o"ting roo3 T4e t#!es o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s "nd v"rious se"1s "re s4o6n in Fig. 1A 1+ "nd Fig 2, res!e2tive1#. Re2ent 2onstru2tions "re 3itted 6it4 resi1ient 3o"m t#!e se"1.

413 DEFINITIONS 411 AT"OSP5ERIC STORAGE TANKS

41414

F 6ed-)&m-F%o!t n, T!n7#

Roof

Atmos!4eri2 stor"ge t"n8s "re t4ose t"n8s t4"t 4"ve been designed to o!er"te in t4eir g"s "nd v"!our s!"2es "t intern"1 !ressure "!!ro5im"te1# e7u"1 to "tmos!4eri2 !ressure.

412 LO2 PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS

$o6 !ressure stor"ge t"n8s "re t4ose t"n8s 64i24 4"ve been designed to o!er"te "t !ressure in t4eir g"s or v"!our s!"2es e52eeding t4ose !ermissib1e in A I Std. )B0, but not e52eeding 1.0)&,ESG. ;g"uge.

Fi5ed-3um-31o"ting roo3 t"n8s "re 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s 6it4 intern"1 31o"ting roo3. T4ese t#!e o3 t"n8s "re used 3or !rodu2ts 64i24 "re to be !rote2ted 3rom 2ont"min"tion. T4ese "re "1so used "t 1o2"tions 64ere s4o6 3"11 is 4e"v#.

41418

O(en Roof t!n7# 92 t*o&t Roof:

O!en roo3 t"n8s "re 2#1indri2"1 verti2"1 t"n8s 6it4 to! o!en to t4e "tmos!4ere. Roo3 is not !rovided "nd t4e m"teri"1 stored is e5!osed to t4e "tmos!4ere. O!en roo3 t"n8s "re not used 3or storing 4#dro2"rbons.

10

4141; 5or <ont!% T!n7#

C$% ndr )!%

viii= To m"int"in !ro!er m"inten"n2e "nd ins!e2tion re2ords "nd t"n8s 4istor#. i5= To "dvise reg"rding s24edu1es o3 t"n8s ins!e2tion "nd "1so st"tutor# re7uirement s24edu1es.

'ori9ont"1 2#1indri2"1 t"n8s "re o3 t6o t#!es I

9 : A=O>E GROUND TANKS

Above ground t"n8s "re mounted 4ori9ont"11# "bove ground "nd "re "!!ro"24"b1e e5tern"11#.

;13

TOOLS RE'UIRED INSPECTION

3or

FOR
t"n8

9 : UNDER GROUND TANKS

*nderground t"n8s "re !1"2ed in e"rt4, m"sonr# or 2on2rete !it "nd !"28ed "round 6it4 s"nd, e"rt4 or 21"# 1e"ving no "ir s!"2e bet6een t4e t"n8 "nd t4e !it.

Too1s re7uired in gener"1 ins!e2tion "re "s 3o11o6sH i= *1tr"soni2 T4i28ness -eter ii= R"diogr"!4i2 E7ui!ment iii= D#e enetr"te &it iv= 'o1id"# Dete2tor v= S4ore '"rdness -eter vi= "int T4i28ness ,"uge

813 ROLE OF INSPECTION

T4e 3o11o6ing "re t4e res!onsibi1ities o3 t4e ins!e2tion divisionH i= To ins!e2t, me"sure "nd re2ord t4e deterior"tion o3 m"teri"1s "nd to ev"1u"te 2urrent !4#si2"1 2onditions o3 t4e t"n8s 3or its soundness to 2ontinue in servi2e. ii= To 8ee! t4e 2on2erned o!er"ting "nd m"inten"n2e !ersonne1 3u11# in3ormed "s to t4e 2ondition o3 t4e v"rious t"n8s. iii= To 2o-re1"te t4e deterior"tion r"te 6it4 design 1i3e 3or 3urt4er run. iv=To determine t4e 2"uses o3 deterior"tion, investig"te "bnorm"1ities "nd "dvise remedi"1 me"sures. v= To re2ommend s4ort-term "nd 1ong term re!"irs "nd re!1"2ements to ensure 3urt4er run on t4e b"sis o3 e2onomi2s "nd s"3et#. vi= To ins!e2t 64i1e doing re!"irs "nd "22e!t "3ter 2om!1etion o3 re!"irs. vii= To "dvi2e reg"rding initi"tion o3 !ro2urement "2tion o3 m"teri"1s to meet t4e re!"irEre!1"2ement needs.

vii= @"2uum +o5 Tester viii= S"3et# Tor24 i5= &ni3eES2r"!er 5= ;r"#on 5i= -"gni3#ing ,1"ss 5ii= erm"nent -"gnet 5iii= @ernier ;"1i!erE-i2rometer 5iv= Fi11et ,"uge 5v= -e"suring T"!eES2"1e 5vi= Str"ig4t Edge 5vii= it ,"uge 5viii= 1um! +ob "nd $ine

?13 INSPECTION OF TANKS DURING FA=RICATION

Ins!e2tion o3 t"n8s during 3"bri2"tion s4"11 be 2"rried out "s !er t4e re7uirements o3 t4e "!!1i2"b1e 2odes, s!e2i3i2"tions, dr"6ings et2. T4is ins!e2tion re7uires regu1"r 24e28s on t4e 6or8 "t v"rious st"ges "s it !rogresses. T4e ins!e2tion s4"11 in21udeHi= Stud# o3 "11 t4e te24ni2"1 s!e2i3i2"tions "nd t4e 2ode to 64i24 t4e t"n8 is to be bui1t. ii= ;4e28ing t4e 3ound"tion !"d "nd s1o!e iii= Identi3i2"tion o3 !1"te m"teri"1s iv= Gu"1i3i2"tion o3 6e1ding !ro2edure "nd 6e1ding o!er"tor v= ;4e28ing o3 !"inted underside o3 t4e bottom !1"te !rior to t4ese being 1"id. vi= ;4e28ing o3 s1o!e o3 t4e bottom !1"tes. vii= ;4e28ing o3 e"24 b"t24 o3 e1e2trodes "s !er s!e2i3i2"tions "nd "ssur"n2e o3 its use "s !er suggested met4ods o3 t4eir m"nu3"2tures "nd 2odes. viii= ;4e28ing o3 !ro!er 6e1ding se7uen2e i5= Ev"1u"ting s!ot r"diogr"!4# o3 butt 6e1ded "nnu1"r <r"di"1= >oints "nd v"2uum bo5 test o3 t4e !ortion o3 6e1d on t4e bottom !1"te on 64i24 s4e11 is to be ere2ted. 5= ;4e28ing o3 3it-u!s "nd noting o3 2urv"ture "nd !1umb re"dings be3ore "nd "3ter 6e1ding o3 t4e s4e11 2ourses. 5i= Ev"1u"ting r"diogr"!4# o3 butt 6e1ded >oints "s !er t4e "!!1i2"b1e 2ode. 5ii= A t4oroug4 visu"1 24e28 "nd oi1 !enetr"te testing o3 t4e inside s4e11 to bottom 6e1d se"m be3ore 6e1ding 3rom outside. 5iii= ;4e28ing o3 no991esEm"n6"#sEsum!s 3or orient"tion, 3itu!s "nd 6e1ding. 5iv= ;4e28ing o3 set u! o3 2urb "ng1e, roo3 trusses "nd roo3 !1"tes !rior to 6e1ding. 5v= ;4e28ing o3 set u!s o3 6ind girders et2. 5vi= ;4e28ing o3 64et4er .'T o3 21e"n out doors "nd s4e11 no991es, 64ere "!!1i2"b1e, 4"ve been done. A3ter .'T : be3ore 4#dro testing, "11 su24 6e1d >oints s4"11 be ins!e2ted visu"11# : - I or D tested. NOTE 1 5vii=;4e28ing o3 No991e !"d "ir test. 5viii= ;4e28ing o3 e5tern"1 : Intern"1 sur3"2es. 5i5= .itnessing o3 "11 tests "s s!e2i3ied be1o6H

For F 6ed Roof T!n7#@

i= +ottom tests 6it4 v"2uum bo5E"ir test. ii= ."ter 3i11-u!E'#dr"u1i2 test <AtmE$ t"n8s=

For F%o!t n, Roof

I= +ottom 1"te test 6it4 v"2uum bo5E"ir test. ii= Oi1 !enetr"te test o3 !ontoon rims to bottom. de28 !1"te >oint.

iii= Roo3 "ir test or Roo3 v"2uum bo5 test. iv= Rigidit#E;o11"!sibi1it# test <@"2uum test=

iii= @"2uum bo5 test o3 to! de28 !1"tes. iv= ontoon "ir testE6"ter test.

v= Roo3 dr"in 4#dr"u1i2 test. vi= ."ter 3i11-u! testEF1o"t"tion test. vii= Roo3 !un2ture test. 55= Ste"m ;oi1 ressure test 55i= 2oo1ing s#stem !er3orm"n2e test 55ii= Fo"m s#stem !er3orm"n2e test 55iii= Ins!e2tion o3 sur3"2e !re!"r"tion "nd !"inting 55iv= Ins!e2tion o3 insu1"tion 64erever !rovided 55v= A3ter t4e 6"ter 3i11-u! test ins!e2tion o3 t"n8 3or "n# uneven e52essive sett1ement. 55vi= Ins!e2tion o3 grounding 2onne2tion. .13 C5ECK LIST FOR INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS =EFORE CO""ISSIONING T4e 24e28 1ist 3orm"t s4"11 2ont"in t4e 3o11o6ing in3orm"tion. TANK NO1 INSPECTION DRG1 NO1 LOCATION PRODUCT STORED TYPE OF TANK CAPACITY "AIN DI"ENSION ERECTION CONTRACTOR NA"E OF INSPECTION AGENCY+INSPECTOR DIA 5T1 DATE OF

C5ECK LIST C5ECKS

1. ;4e28 "nd ins!e2t 3ound"tion !"dE"n24or bo1ts.

RE"ARKS

2. ;4e28s 3or sett1ementEti1ting o3 3ound"tions. ?. ;4e28 t4"t "11 e5"min"tions "nd tests 4"ve been 2"rried out "nd s2rutinise t4e "v"i1"b1e re2ords. ;4e28 64et4er .'T is 2"rried out 3or 21e"n out doors "nd no991es 64erever "!!1i2"b1e. A. Ins!e2t s4e11 3or obvious "bnorm"1ities in res!e2t o3 out-o3-roundness bu1ges, dents, et2. B. ;4e28 t4"t t4e "1ter"tions m"de during 2onstru2tion 4"ve been in2or!or"ted in "s-bui1t dr"6ing. ). -e"sure "nd re2ord 6"11 t4i28ness o3 s4e11, bottom, roo3 : No991es D. ;4e28 64et4er non-return v"1ve "t roo3 dr"in o!ening 4"s been !rovided <3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8= 8. ;4e28 !ro!er inst"11"tion o3 se"1 bet6een s4e11 "nd t"n8 roo3 <3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8= 9. ;4e28 !ro!er 3"bri2"tion o3 b1eeder vent <3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8=. 10. For 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 3o"m d"m "nd 3o"m s#stem 64erever !rovided. For 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 t4e 3un2tioning o3 3o"m !ourer 1ines "nd its 2onne2tions 6it4 t4e t"n8 64erever !rovided. 11. ;4e28 "nd ins!e2t intern"1s, ste"m 2oi1s, 31o"t g"uge, roo3 dr"ins, et2. 12. Ins!e2t no991e 3"2ings, g"s8ets "nd bo1ts 1?. ;4e28 insu1"tion !rote2tion 1A. ;4e28 t4"t !"inting 7u"1it# "nd 2o"t t4i28ness "re "s !er s!e2i3i2"tion 1B. ;4e28 t4"t t4e re7uired re1ie3 v"1ves :@, @"1ves "nd ot4er t"n8 mountings "re inst"11ed "3ter !ro!er resetting et2. 1). For emergen2# roo3 dr"ins, 24e28 t4"t 6"ter se"1 is m"int"ined. 1D. ;4e28 3or intern"1 21e"n1iness be3ore 3in"1 bo5ing-u!. 18. ;4e28 3or 3un2tioning o3 3ire 6"ter "nd s!rin81er s#stems 19. ;4e28 t4e t"n8 e"rt4ing "nd megger t4e e"rt4ing 2"b1e. 20. ;4e28 t4"t grounding 2onne2tions 4"ve been 3i5ed !ro!er1#. For 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, 24e28 t4"t e1e2tri2"1 2ontinuit# e5ists bet6een t4e s4e11 "nd 31o"ting roo3.

A13

LIKELY AREAS 2ASTAGE

OF

"ETAL

i= Se" 6"ter 2orrosion ii= ;4emi2"1 2orrosion <i.e. Su1!4ur=

-et"1 in " !etro1eum stor"ge t"n8s gener"11# due to one or more o3 t4e 3o11o6ing medi"H

iii= @"!our 2orrosion

iv= Atmos!4eri2 2orrosion v= +"2teri"1 2orrosion vi= Stress 2orrosion viii= Soi1 2orrosion A stor"ge t"n8 s4"11 be !rote2ted "s s!e2i3ied in OISD ub1i2"tion-1?) on J;orrosionJ so t4"t met"1 1oss due to 2orrosion is 8e!t to " b"re minimum.

Stress 2orrosion 2r"28ing <;"usti2 embritt1ement= 2"n be " !rob1em in servi2es 1i8e ;"usti2E-EAEDEA. T4e "tt"28 is severe on t4e bottom s4e11 2ourses.

A14

FIBED ROOF +STRUCTURES

PLATES

A11 =OTTO" PLATES

+ottom !1"tes get 2orroded r"!id1# i3 t4e 31uid stored is 4"ving se" 6"ter 2ontent <i.e. ;rude t"n8s=. Se" 6"ter 2orrodes t4e bottom "t " 3"ster r"te "nd " !itting t#!e 2orrosion is observed "11 "1ong t4e bottom !1"tes. +"2teri"1 2orrosion o3 t4e bottom !1"tes is gener"11# observed in ;rude "nd 'SD t"n8s 4"ving 4ig4 su1!4ur 2ontent. T4e bottom !1"tes deve1o! dee! iso1"ted !its 64i24 eventu"11# !un2ture "nd t4e bottom st"rts 1e"8ing. .e1d 3"i1ures "re observed in t4e bottom !1"tes 64ere t4e t"n8 is in ;"usti2 servi2e. T4e !ro>e2ting out !ortion o3 bottom !1"tes "re !rone to 2orrosion "t t4e edges due to see!"geE"22umu1"tion o3 6"ter bet6een t4e 3ound"tion "nd t4e bottom !1"tes. T4e bottom !1"te is !rone to 6e"r due g"uging.

*nderside o3 t4e roo3 "nd roo3 stru2tur"1 2ome under 2orrosive "tt"28 due to v"!our 2orrosion in t"n8s storing FO, As!4"1t : 'SD. T4e 2ont"2t "re"s bet6een roo3 !1"tes "nd stru2tures "re !rone to 4e"v# "tt"28 due to 2revi2e 2orrosion "nd t4inning is observed in t4ese "re"s.

A18 FLOATING ROOF A1811 F%o!t n, Roof P%!te# 9De)7 P%!te#=

F1o"ting roo3 de28 !1"tes "re !rone to 2orrosion due to r"in 6"ter "22umu1"tion on t4e de28. *nderside o3 t4e roo3 gets 2orroded 64ere v"!our !o28ets "re 3ormed.

A1812 Pontoon =o6e#

ontoon bo5es on t4e 31o"ting roo3 "re !rone to 2orrosion "t t4e 3i11et 6e1d bet6een t4e !ontoon "nd de28 !1"tes.

A1814 R m (%!te#
Rim !1"tes "t t4e outer !eri!4er# o3 t4e 31o"ting roo3 get 2orroded 64ere 1i7uidv"!our !4"se is m"int"ined. T4is is "!!ro5im"te1# "t t4e 2entre o3 t4e rim !1"te.

A12 S5ELL PLATES

S4e11 !1"tes gener"11# get 2orroded intern"11# 64ere 1i7uidEv"!our !4"se is m"int"ined <i.e. midd1e to to! s4e11 2ourses=. Intern"1 2orrosion in t4e v"!our s!"2e is most 2ommon1# 2"used b# 4#drogen su1!4ide v"!our, 6"ter v"!our "nd o5#gen, giving !itting t#!e 2orrosion. T4e bottom s4e11 2ourse gets 2orroded in bottom ?00 mm 4eig4t 64en t4e t"n8 2ont"ins 6"ter in its !rodu2t. Atmos!4eri2 2orrosion "11 e5tern"1 !"rts o3 t4e t"n8. 2orrosion m"# r"nge 3rom severe de!ending u!on t4e 2ondition o3 t4e 1o2"1it#. 2"n o22ur on T4is t#!e o3 neg1igib1e to "tmos!4eri2

A1818 Roof Le,#+A##em-%$

Roo3 1egs get severe1# 2orroded "t t4e 1i7uid-v"!our !4"se >un2tion. T4e roo3 1eg s1eeve gets 2orroded ne"r 3i11et 6e1d >un2tion to t4e roo3 !1"tes "nd "t t4e bo1t 4o1e "re". Roo3 s1eeve !"d m"# get 2orroded "t t4e underside i3 se"1ing run bet6een roo3 !1"tes "nd !"d is not 2"rried out.

A181; Roof Dr! n S&m(

Roo3 dr"in sum! gets 2orroded due to 6"ter "22umu1"tion st"gn"tion.

A1;

2ATER PIPES

DRA2

NOCCLES+

T4e 6"ter dr"6-o33 no991es !i!e get 2orroded due to 6"ter st"gn"tion.

A1? STEA" COILS

g= St"tutor# 2"1ibr"tion re7uirements.

1311

Ste"m 2oi1s get t4inned out "t t4e bends due to intern"1 erosion. $eg su!!orts o3 ste"m 2oi1 get 2orroded "t t4e bottom !ortion due to "22umu1"tion o3 6"ter. Ste"m 2oi1 su!!orts get dis1odged due to t4erm"1 e5!"nsion.

GUIDELINES FRE'UENCY INSPECTION

FOR OF

10.1.1 ;rude "nd rodu2t Stor"ge T"n8s ;rude "nd !rodu2t stor"ge t"n8s s4"11 be ins!e2ted "t 3re7uen2ies s!e2i3ied be1o6H
FRE'UENCY OF INSPECTION IN YEARS S6eet ;rudes E5tern"1 Intern"1 ;rude Oi1 B Fue1 Oi1ES'SR;O B S1o!s B ;#21e oi1 ? ,"s oi1 ? &erosene A ATFES&K A N"!4t4"E-S ? $DO B 'SD B C+O B ."5# disti11"te E$R B +itumen B $ube oi1 B N,$ ? -iner"1 Tur!entine ? 10 10 10 1) ) D DL ) 8 8 10 10 10 10 ) ) Sour ;rudes E5tern"1 Intern"1 ? ? ? ? ? A A ? B ? B ? B B ? ? ) ) ) ) ) D DL ) 8 B 10 1B 10 10 ) )

913

INSPECTION PROGRA""E FOR TANKAGES IN SER>ICE

To "void 3"i1ures "nd in2onvenien2es in o!er"tion due to sudden redu2tion in t"n8 stor"ge 2"!"2it#, it is ne2ess"r# to dr"6 u! "nd "d4ere to "n ins!e2tion !rogr"mme. @isu"1 "nd e5tern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be used "s " guide 3or determining 2orrosion r"tes. Intern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 t"8e !1"2e eit4er 64en indi2"ted b# t4e servi2e 4istor# or "s !er t4e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tions indi2"ted in ;4"!ter 10, 64i24ever is e"r1ier. Ins!e2tion !rogr"mme bro"d1# divided intoH i= @isu"1 ins!e2tion 2"n be

ii= E5tern"1 ins!e2tion "nd t4i28ness surve# iii= Intern"1 ins!e2tion ins!e2tion= <;om!1ete

iv= T"n8 -ountings ins!e2tion

1313

FRE'UENCY OF INSPECTION

NoteH .4erever t4e 2rude sour2e <S6eet or sour= 3or t4e 3inis4ed !rodu2ts 2"n not be est"b1is4ed, t4e 3re7uen2# given 3or Sour ;rudes s4"11 "!!1#. 131112 Stor!,e T!n7# n " #)e%%!neo&# Serv )e# SER@I;E FREG*EN;M OF INS E;TION IN MEARS EFTERNA$ INTERNA$ )K )K )K A 1 1 A 1

T4e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tion o3 stor"ge t"n8s is determined b# t4e 3o11o6ing 3"2torsH "= N"ture o3 t4e 31uids storedI b= ;orrosion r"tes "nd 2orrosion "11o6"n2eI 2= ;ondition "t !revious ins!e2tionI d= Resu1t o3 visu"1 24e28sI e= rote2tive 2o"tingsI 3= $o2"tion o3 t"n8s su24 "s iso1"ted 1"nd, 4ig4 ris8 "re"s "nd 2orrosive "tmos!4ere.

Fres4 ."terK D- ."terK S"1t ."terK '2SOA T"n8 <98N ;on2.= *1ined T"n8s '2 'OA <di1= 1ined t"n8s ';I T"n8 ;"usti2 T"n8 <Ambient T"m!.= ;"usti2 -e1ting its +en9eneETo1um"neE-E&

? ? ? 2 1 1 2 1

<-et4#1 Et4#1 &etone= Fur3urs1 4eno1 '#dr"9ene -or!4o1ine Sodium 'e5"met" 4os!4"te

B ? ? 1 1 1 1

10 B B 1 1 1 1

111112 Roof P%!te#

Roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or de3e2ts 1i8e !in 4o1es, 6e1d 2r"28s, !itting et2., "t 6"ter "22umu1"tion 1o2"tions. NOTE1

NotesH i= .4ere t4e "tmos!4eres is 2orrosive t4e

e5tern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be done ones in t6o #e"rs irres!e2tive o3 t"n8 servi2e. .4en u1tr"soni2 6"11 t4i28ness m me"surements indi2"tes " 4ig4 2orrosion r"te, intern"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be 2"rried out. ii= <L= T4e o!!ortunit# m"# be used 3or ins!e2ting t4e intern"1 !"inting o3 ATF t"n8s "s "nd 64en t4e# "re o!ened 3or 21e"ning. iii= T4e t"n8s m"r8ed <K= "re gener"11# intern"11# !"inted. At 1o2"tions 64ere t4ese t"n8s "re not 4"ving intern"1 !rote2tive 2o"ting, suggested 3re7uen2# 3or intern"1 ins!e2tion is 2 to ? #e"rs.

111114

L!dder#0 St! rD!$#0 P%!tform# !nd Str&)t&r!%#

T4ese s4"11 be e5"mined 3or 2orroded or bro8en !"rts. Free movement "nd "1ignment o3 64ee1s on ro11ing 1"dder s4"11 be 24e28ed. $"dder "nd st"ir2"se ste!s <tre"ds= s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 6e"r "nd 2orrosion. In "ddition to 1oss o3 strengt4 2"used b# 1oss o3 met"1, tre"ds be2ome s1i!!er# 64en t4e sur3"2e is 6orn. '"nd r"i1s s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 3irmness. 1"t3orm "nd 6"186"#s s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or t4inning, 6"ter "22umu1"tion "re"s "nd gener"1 2orroded "re"s.

131114 T!n7 "o&nt n,#

T"n8 mountings su24 "s +re"t4er @"1ves, :@ @"1ves, Re1ie3 @"1ves, F1"me "rrestors s4"11 be ensured 21e"n "nd o!er"b1e ever# #e"r "3ter monsoon. For ins!e2tion "nd testing o3 ressure Re1ieving Devi2es, OISD-Std-1?2 s4"11 be re3erred. F1o"ting roo3 dr"ins "nd emergen2# roo3 dr"ins s4"11 be ins!e2ted ever# #e"r be3ore monsoon. F1o"ting roo3 se"1s s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted ever# #e"r.

111118 T!n7 P!d# i= T"n8s !"ds s4"11 be visu"11# 24e28ed 3or

sett1ement, sin8ing, ti1ting, s!"11ing, 2r"28ing "nd gener"1 deterior"tion.

ii= ro!er se"1ing o3 o!ening bet6een t"n8

bottom "nd t4e 2on2rete !"d s4"11 be 24e28ed <no 6"ter s4"11 31o6 under t4e t"n8 bottom=. iii= S1o!e o3 t"n8 !"d s4"11 be 24e28ed to ensure 6"ter dr"in"ge.

1113 INSPECTION PROCEDURES

+e3ore 2ommen2ing t4e ins!e2tion o3 " t"n8, "11 det"i1s given in its 4istor# 2"rd "nd re2ords s4"11 be gone t4oroug4.

11111; An)*or =o%t#

An24or bo1ts 64erever !rovided s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or tig4tness, "nd integrit# b# 4"mmer testing. T4ese s4"11 "1so be 24e28ed 3or t4inningEbending. Distort"tion o3 bo1ts is "n indi2"tion o3 e52essive sett1ement. ;on2rete 3ound"tion "t "n24or bo1t s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 2r"28s.

1111 >ISUAL INSPECTION

@isu"1 e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3 e"24 t"n8 s4"11 be m"de on2e " #e"r. During t4e visu"1 ins!e2tion, 3o11o6ing s4"11 be 24e28edH

11111? F re F ,*t n, S$#tem

,ener"1 2ondition o3 3ire 3ig4ting 3"2i1ities "nd s!rin81er s#stems !rovided on t4e t"n8 6it4 res!e2t to 21ogging o3 s!r"# no991es, !er3or"tion o3 3o"m 2onne2tions, et2, s4"11 be 24e28ed. Fre7uen2# "nd !ro2edure 3or 24e28ing s4"11 be "s !er OISD-Std-1A2 <Ins!e2tion o3 Fire Fig4ting E7ui!ments=.

111111 Prote)t ve Co!t n,#

;ondition o3 !"int s4"11 be 24e28ed visu"11# 3or rust s!ots, me24"ni2"1 d"m"ge, b1isters "nd 3i1m 1i3ting.

3re7uen2# mentioned in ;4"!ter 10 64i1e t4e t"n8 is in 2ommission.

11111.

>ent# E Pre##&re Re% ev n, Dev )e#

A11 o!en vents, 31"me "rrestors "nd bre"t4er v"1ves s4"11 be e5"mined to ensure t4"t t4e 6ire mes4 "nd s2reens "re neit4er torn nor 21ogged b# 3oreign m"tter or inse2ts. Rim "nd b1eeder vents 3or 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s s4"11 be e5"mined 3or !ro!er 6or8ing. A11 vents "nd !ressure re1ieving devi2es s4"11 be ins!e2ted "s !er t4e 3re7uen2# "nd !ro2edure out1ined in OISD-Std-1?2 <Ins!e2tion o3 ressure Re1ieving Devi2es=.

T4e 3o11o6ing s4"11 be ins!e2tedE24e28ed during e5tern"1 ins!e2tion, besides t4e visu"1 ins!e2tion "s mentioned in 11.1

111211 T!n7 f tt n,#0 A))e##or e# !nd P (e Conne)t on#

A11 no991es s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosionEdistortion. T4i28ness me"surements s4"11 be t"8en 6it4 u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter. On no991es o3 si9e B0 mm N+ "nd "bove, minimum A re"dings <?,),9 : 12 OO21o28 !ositions= s4"11 be t"8en.

11111A In#&%!t on
I3 " t"n8 is insu1"ted, t4e insu1"tion "nd 6e"t4er !roo3 se"1ing s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or d"m"ge. T4e 6"ter !roo3 se"1ing o3 t4e insu1"tion s4"11 be e5"mined ever# #e"r, sin2e t4e entr# o3 moisture 6i11 gre"t1# redu2e t4e insu1"ting !ro!erties "nd m"# "1so resu1t in serious undete2ted 2orrosion o3 t4e t"n8 !1"tes underne"t4 t4e insu1"tion. ;r"28s in t4e 6"ter !roo3 se"1ing "re "!t to o22ur "nd 6ind m"# en1"rge sm"11 te"rs r"!id1#. I3 is sus!e2ted t4"t moisture 4"s !enetr"ted t4roug4 t4e 2r"28, " sm"11 "re"s o3 t4e !1"tes s4"11 be un2overed "nd e5"mined 3or signs o3 2orrosion.

111212 T!n7 S*e%%

T4e t"n8s s4e11 s4"11 be visu"11# e5"mined 3or e5tern"1 2orrosion, see!"ge, 2r"28s, bu1ging "nd devi"tion 3rom t4e verti2"1. ;r"28s most1# o22ur "t t4e 6e1ded 2onne2tions o3 no991es to t4e t"n8, in 6e1ded se"ms, "t t4e 6e1d 2onne2tions o3 br"28ets or ot4er "tt"24ments to t4e t"n8 "nd 3i11et 6e1ds o3 s4e11 to t4e bottom !1"tes. S4e11 6"11 t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be 2"rried out using u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter. E5tern"1 t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be 2"rried out "11 "round 3or t4e 3irst "nd se2ond bottom s4e11 2ourses. For t4e rest o3 t4e s4e11 2ourses, t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be done "1ong t4e st"ir2"se "nd t4ree 2om!"ss dire2tions. An e5tensive s2"nning s4"11 be done i3 t4ere is "n indi2"tion o3 "!!re2i"b1e t4i28ness 1oss. T4e 3o11o6ing minimum re7uirement 3or t4i28ness surve# is re2ommended on "11 t4e t"n8sH i= A11 t4e !1"tes o3 3irst "nd se2ond 2ourse o3 t4e s4e11 s4ou1d be t4i28ness surve#ed. ii= On t4e 3irst 2ourse, ? to A re"dings s4ou1d be t"8en on e"24 !1"te di"gon"11#. T4e bottom, midd1e "nd to! !ositions o3 t4e !1"te must be 2overed. iii= On t4e se2ond 2ourse, t6o re"dings s4ou1d be t"8en on e"24 !1"te. One re"ding s4"11 be ne"r t4e 1o6er 6e1d >oint "nd t4e ot4er "t "!!ro"24"b1e 4eig4t.

111119 Gro&nd n, Conne)t on#

,rounding 2onne2tions s4"11 be visu"11# 24e28ed 3or 2orrosion "t t4e !oints 64ere t4e# enter e"rt4 "nd "t t4e 2onne2tion to t4e t"n8. T4e resist"n2e o3 grounding 2onne2tions s4"11 be 24e28ed "nnu"11# be3ore monsoon. T4e tot"1 resist"n2e 3rom t"n8 to e"rt4 s4"11 not e52eed t4e v"1ue given in OISD-Std-1?D <Ins!e2tion o3 E1e2tri2"1 E7ui!ment=.

1111113 Le!7#
T4e t"n8s s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or "n# obvious 1e"8"ge o3 t4e !rodu2t. @"1ves "nd 3ittings s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or tig4tness "nd 3ree o!er"tions.

1112 EBTERNAL INSPECTION

T4e det"i1ed e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be 2"rried out "s !er t4e

iv= T4ree re"dings s4ou1d be t"8en on one !1"te on "11 ot4er 2ourses "1ong t4e st"ir2"se "nd t4ree 2om!"ss dire2tions. +ottom, midd1e "nd to! !ortions o3 !1"tes s4ou1d be 2overed. For t"n8s in 1ig4t !rodu2ts servi2e 1i8e g"so1ine "nd n"!4t4", !itting is gener"11# observed in t4e midd1e 2ourses o3 s4e11. In su24 2"ses, t4i28ness surve# s4ou1d be more e5tensive on midd1e 2ourses. I3 signi3i2"nt intern"1 2orrosion o3 roo3 is observed, t4en to! s4e11 2ourse<s= s4ou1d "1so be e5"mined 3or t4i28ness. In 2"se o3 e5tern"11# insu1"ted t"n8s, suit"b1e ins!e2tion 6indo6s s4"11 be !rovided to 3"2i1it"te 6"11 t4i28ness surve#. For t4e t"n8s 64i24 "re 1i8e1# to 4"ve 6"ter "t t4e bottom, t4e bottom s4e11 2ourses ne"r t4e "nnu1"r ring 6e1ding >oint s4ou1d be t4oroug41# 24e28ed u1tr"soni2"11# 6it4in 1B0mm o3 t4e bottom !1"tes.

"= "int 2ondition b= De!ressions 2= ontoon bo5es "nd buo#s 3or 1e"8"ges, indi2"tionsEm"r8s o3 see!"ge "nd 2orrosion.

d= Roo3 "nd emergen2# Dr"in. Dr"in s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or bre"8"ge "nd b1o28"ge on t4e 24e28 v"1ve 3itted to t4e roo3 dr"in in1et end. Emergen2# dr"ins s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 6"ter 1eve1 "nd oi1 s!i11"ge on roo3 de28. F1o"ting roo3 dr"ins "nd emergen2# dr"ins s4"11 be ins!e2ted ever# #e"r, be3ore monsoon. e= F1o"ting Roo3 Se"1s +e3ore m"8ing " regu1"r ins!e2tion o3 31o"ting roo3 se"1s, t4e dr"6ings o3 se"1s s4"11 be studied so t4"t o!er"tion "nd !ossib1e d"m"ges "re 6e11 understood. F1o"ting roo3 se"1s s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted ever# #e"r. A11 se"1s s4"11 be ins!e2ted visu"11# 3or 2orroded, eroded or bro8en !"rts "nd deterior"ted se"1ing m"teri"1s. E5!osed me24"ni2"1 !"rts su24 "s s!rings, 4"ngers, 2ounter-b"1"n2e, !"ntogr"!4s "nd s4oes "re sus2e!tib1e to me24"ni2"1 d"m"ge, in "ddition to me24"ni2"1 6e"r "nd "tmos!4eri2 or v"!our s!"2e 2orrosion. T4e rubber se"1 s4"11 4"ve 3"ir1# 21ose 2ont"2t 6it4 t"n8 s4e11 !1"tes. 3= 'inge bo1ts "t t4e to! o3 1"dder "nd its ro11ers g= E"rt4ing o3 t4e 1"dder. 4= $"ter"1 movement, rot"tion : ti1ting o3 t4e roo3. NOTE1 i= E1e2tri2"1 2ontinuit# bet6een t4e 31o"ting roo3 "nd t"n8 s4e11. >= .e1d se"ms on roo3 de28 !1"tes 3or "n# 1e"8"ge. 8= ;ondition o3 su!!ort !i!e "nd s1eeves. T4is m"# be ins!e2ted 3rom to! o3 roo3.

111214 T!n7# Roof# : FIBED ROOF

On " 3i5ed roo3, visu"1 ins!e2tion s4"11 be m"de to determine 2ondition o3 !"int "nd to 3ind de!ressions, s"gging "nd 4o1es, i3 "n#. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness surve# s4"11 be done. T4i28ness surve# s4"11 2over "11 roo3 !1"tes. Suggested minimum re"dings "re t4ree !er !1"te. Are"s 64ere 6"ter 1ogging 4"s been observed due to de!ression, s4"11 be 2"re3u11# ins!e2ted 3or e5tern"1 2orrosion. Insu1"ted t"n8s s4"11 be e5tern"11# ins!e2ted 3or dete2ting 2orrosion b# removing ins!e2tion 2overs or m"8ing !o28ets in insu1"tion. I3 " t"n8 is out o3 servi2e, 4"mmer testing "1ong 6it4 t4e t4i28ness surve# o3 t4e roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be 2"rried out. On f 6ed roof D*ere )orro# on # e6(e)ted0 (%!n7 %on, eno&,* to #(ent !t %e!#t tDo roof r!fter# #*!%% -e %! d !nd &#ed !# D!%7D!$# for #!fet$ re!#on#1

: FLOATING ROOF
On " 31o"ting roo3, during visu"1 ins!e2tion, t4e 3o11o6ing s4"11 "1so be t4oroug41# 24e28edH

T4i28ness s4"11 be me"sured u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter.

using T4i28ness surve# o3 t4e !ontoon bo5es "nd de28 s4"11 be 2"rried out. An# sus!e2ted !ontoonEbuo# 2om!"rtment s4"11 be 24e28ed 6it4 "ir "nd suds.

111218

ProFe)t n, o&t (ort on of t*e -ottom (%!te#

111412 T!n7 S*e%%

Entire t"n8 s4e11 s4"11 be visu"11# s2"nned 3or signs o3 2orrosion, !itting, 2r"28ing et2. Findings o3 e5tern"1 ins!e2tion, servi2e 2onditions "nd 4istor# 6i11 be guiding 3"2tors 3or su24 observ"tions. A11 6e1d >oints s4"11 be e5"mined 2"re3u11#. T4e v"!our s!"2e "nd 1i7uid 1eve1 1ine "re 1i8e1# "re"s o3 2orrosion. 'o6ever, i3 t4e 6"11s "re "1tern"tive1# 6et "nd dr# or t4e 2ontents "re 2orrosive 24emi2"1s, t4e entire s4e11 2"n be "tt"28ed. T4e s4e11 s4ou1d be ins!e2ted 3rom inside b# ere2ting s2"33o1dingE1"dders "t 3our 1o2"tions 64en severe 2orrosion is 3ound. T4e midd1e 2ourses s4"11 be 21ose1# e5"mined 3or t"n8s 2ont"ining 1ig4t !rodu2ts 1i8e g"so1ine "nd N"!4t4". T4i28ness me"surements 6it4 u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness meter s4"11 be t"8en to su!!1ement t4ose me"surements obt"ined 3rom t4e outside.

T4e !ro>e2ting out !ortion o3 t4e bottom !1"tes <"nnu1"r !1"tes= s4"11 be visu"11# e5"mined 3or "n# 2orrosion Et4inning "nd u1tr"soni2"11# g"uged.

1114 INTERNAL INSPECTION

rior to intern"1 ins!e2tion, "n e5tern"1 ins!e2tion o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be done "s s!e2i3ied e"r1ier. +e3ore 2ommen2ing t4e intern"1 ins!e2tion, t4e t"n8 must be em!tied o3 1i7uid, 3reed o3 g"ses "nd 21e"ned out. For t4e t"n8s 64i24 4"ve 2ont"ined 1e"ded !etro1eum !rodu2ts, it s4"11 be ensured t4"t t4e t"n8 4"s been t4oroug41# 21e"ned o33 1e"d 4"9"rd "nd is s"3e 3or entr#. Form"1 entr# !ermit 3rom "!!ro!ri"te "gen2# s4"11 be t"8en be3ore entering t4e t"n8. PFor 6or8 !ermits re3er OISD-Std-10B <.or8 ermit S#stem=Q.

111411

Roof !nd "em-er#

Str&)t&r!%

111414 T!n7 =ottom

A3ter t4e t"n8 4"s 21e"ned o3 its s1udge, it s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted to obt"in t4e 3irst indi2"tion o3 t4e 2ondition o3 t4e bottom. T4e t"n8 bottom !1"tes s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or !itting, 2orrosion "nd 6e1d 2r"28s. T4e 6e1d >oints s4"11 be t4oroug41# 21e"ned "nd visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or 2r"28s or de3e2ts b# m"gni3#ing g1"ss 64erever >oints o3 s4e11 "nd "nnu1"r ring "nd ins!e2ted 3or "n# 1e"8"ge. Sus!e2ted 2r"28s m"# be identi3ied b# d#e !enetr"te or v"2uum bo5 testing. De!ressions in t4e bottom "nd in t4e "re"s "round or under t4e roo3 su!!orts "nd t4e !i!e 2oi1 su!!orts s4"11 be 24e28ed 21ose1#. An# 6"ter t4"t gets into t4e t"n8 m"# 2o11e2t "nd rem"in "t t4ese !oints t4ereb# 2"using "22e1er"ted 2orrosion. T"n8s bottoms s4"11 be 24e28ed t4oroug41# 3or t4i28ness over t4e entire "re". T4is m"# be su!!1emented b# 4"mmer testing. T4e number o3 me"surements to be t"8en 6i11 de!end on t4e si9e o3 t4e t"n8 "nd t4e degree o3 2orrosion 3ound. 'o6ever, minimum t4ree t4i28ness re"dings !er !1"te s4ou1d be t"8en. .4en severe 2orrosion e5ists, more re"dings s4"11 be t"8en in t4e

: FIBED ROOF
@isu"1 ins!e2tion "nd t4i28ness me"surements o3 roo3 trusses "nd stru2tur"1 members s4"11 be 2"rried out. T4e su!!orting members s4"11 be re>e2ted 64en t4e over"11 1oss in t4i28ness o3 m"teri"1 e52eeds 2B !er 2ent. T4e 6e1ds "nd bo1ts o3 t4e stru2ture s4"11 be e5"mined 3or d"m"geE1oss. T4e resu1ts o3 me"surements on t4e su!!orting stru2ture m"# be re2orded "s s4o6n in Fi5.?

: FLOATING ROOF
T4e underside "nd intern"1s o3 31o"ting roo3 s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosion "nd deterior"tion. T4e 31o"ting roo3 se"1s s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3rom t4e underside. T4e 1egs "nd s1eeved o3 t4e 31o"ting roo3 s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or deterior"tion, bo6ing, "nd s4i3ting. T4e di! !i!e, 2entering "nd "ntirot"tion"1 devi2es, emergen2# roo3 dr"in !i!e, 3reeEbre"t4er vents, "nd rim vents, s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or "n# sign o3 2orrosionEt4inning out.

"tt"28ed "re"s to determine t4e minimum rem"ining met"1 t4i28ness. ;orrosion on t4e underside o3 31"t bottom t"n8s resting on soi1 or on !"ds 2"nnot be 24e28ed 3rom outside. From t4e inside, t4e 2orrosion m"# be dete2t"b1e b# 4"mmering. Err"ti2 re"dings 6it4 u1tr"soni2 t4i28ness instrument "re "1so indi2"tions o3 underside 2orrosion. To 2"rr# out " !ositive ins!e2tion "nd "22ur"te 24e28, it is re2ommended to 2ut out re!resent"tive se2tions o3 2ou!ons <"t 1e"st ?00 mm in 1e"st dimension= o3 t4e bottom !1"te. T4e underside o3 t4e 2ou!ons s4"11 be ins!e2ted. I3 ver# severe 2orrosion is 3ound, "ddition"1 2ou!ons s4"11 be removed 3rom t"n8 bottom !1"te. T4e 2ut out o!ening in t4e bottom !1"te s4"11 be !"t24 6e1ded using 3res4 m"teri"1 o3 "!!ro!ri"te t4i28ness. T4e 6e1ds o3 t4e !"t24 !1"te s4"11 be tested 6it4 v"2uum bo5. I3 t"n8 is sus!e2ted 1e"8ing, t4en t4e 2utting o!er"tions s4"11 be done under stri2t observ"tions be2"use o3 !ossib1e entr"!!ed 4#dro2"rbons.

Dr"in sum!s s4"11 be 2"re3u11# 24e28ed 3or 2r"28s, !itting, 1e"8 in t4e 6e1d, "nd me"sured in !"rti2u1"r 64en 2orrosion "t t4e underside o3 t4e t"n8 bottom !1"tes 4"s been sus!e2tedE3ound.

11141; L n n,#
.4en t4e inside sur3"2e o3 " t"n8 "re 1ined 6it4 2orrosion resist"nt m"teri"1 su24 "s s4eet 1e"d, rubber, org"ni2 "nd inorg"ni2 2o"tings, or 2on2rete ins!e2tion s4"11 be m"de to ensure t4"t t4e 1ining is in good 2ondition, t4"t is in !ro!er !osition "nd it does not 4"ve 4o1es or 2r"28s in t4e rubber 1ining "s eviden2ed b# bu1ging. A 4o1id"# dete2tor m"# be used to t4oroug41# 24e28 t4e 1ining 3or 1e"8s "nd 4o1id"#s, 2"re must be t"8en so t4"t t4e test vo1t"ge does not "!!ro"24 " v"1ue t4"t mig4t !un2ture t4e 1ining. '"rdness testing o3 t4e rubber 1ining s4"11 be 2"rried out 64i1e ins!e2ting t4e t"n8 intern"11#. ;"re s4"11 be t"8en 64i1e 21e"ning t4e !"inted sur3"2e so t4"t no me24"ni2"1 d"m"ge t"8es !1"2e.

111418 2!ter Dr!D-off

."ter dr"6 o33 "re sub>e2t to intern"1 "nd e5tern"1 2orrosion "s 6e11 "s 2r"28ing. T4e# s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted "nd 4"mmer tested "1ong6it4 t4i28ness surve# "s 3e"sib1e. +ottom !1"te under di! 4"t24 s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or dents, et2. T4e bottom !1"tes o3 t"n8 4"ving 6"ter bottom <su24 "s ;rude t"n8s= s4"11 be ins!e2ted visu"11# in det"i1s 3or intern"1 2orrosionE!itting. T4e bottom !1"tes 64ere b"2teri"1 2orrosion m"# be sus!e2ted <su24 "s ;rude "nd 'SD t"n8s= s4"11 be g"uged in more det"i1.

11141? Roof Dr! n#

Roo3 dr"ins on t4e 31o"ting roo3 2"n be designed in m"n# 6"#s. T4e# 2"n be sim!1e o!en dr"in !i!es, s6ive1 >oints or 31e5ib1e 4ose dr"ins t4"t 8ee! t4e 6"ter 3rom 2ont"min"ting t4e 2ontents. ro!er 3un2tioning o3 t4e roo3 dr"ins s4"11 be ensured ot4er6ise t4is m"# 1e"d to sin8ing or over-turning o3 t4e 31o"ting roo3. T4e dr"in 1ines s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or b1o28"ge be3ore !ressure test. A11 s6ive1 >oints s4"11 be t4i28ness surve#ed "nd servi2ed during ever# out"ge : individu"11# 4#dro tested. A3ter "ssemb1# o3 t4e roo3 dr"in s#stem, 2om!1ete s#stem s4"11 be 4#dro tested NOTE1.

11141. 5e!t n, Co %#
'e"ting 2oi1 in21uding its su!!orts s4"11 be 4"mmer tested, !"rti2u1"r1# "t t4e underside o3 2oi1 "nd t4e bends. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness me"surement s4"11 be t"8en. R"diogr"!4# o3 bends 2"n be done 3or "22ur"te ev"1u"tion i3 intern"1 2orrosion is sus!e2ted. T4e visu"1 ins!e2tion o3 t4e 2oi1 s4"11 be done "t t4e su!!orts 3or "n# erosion. ;oi1s s4"11 be 4#dr"u1i2"11# tested "t 1.B times o!er"ting !ressure "nd 24e28ed 3or "n# 1e"8"ge.

1211

AR=ITRARY LI"ITS FOR TOP S5ELL COURSES

T4e re>e2tion 1imit 3or s4e11 !1"tes, "s s!e2i3ied under <12.0= s4"11 "1so be "!!1ied 3or t4e to! s4e11 2ourses, but t4ese 2ourses s4"11 in "n# 2"se be re>e2ted 64en due to 2orrosion t4e !1"te t4i28ness 4"s re"24ed, over " 2onsider"b1e "re" t4e 3o11o6ing v"1ueH ". .4en t4e origin"1 t4i28ness 6"s )mmH 2.B mm. b. .4en t4e origin"1 t4i28ness 6"s 8mmH ?.2 mm. It is !ointed out t4"t 3or m"n# t"n8s, es!e2i"11# o3 medium "nd 1"rge si9e, t4e to! s4e11 2ourses m"# bu281e be3ore t4e 1imits mentioned under <"= : <b= 4"ve been re"24ed. T4e re>e2tion 1imit 3or to! s4e11 2ourses s4"11 t4ere3ore, not be determined be3ore t4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e s4e11 4"s been 24e28ed "22ording to t4e re7uirements des2ribed under <12.2=. A11 re!"irs s4"11 be "s !er A I - )B?. NOTE1

11141A " #)e%%!neo&#

@"1ves "nd simi1"r 3ittings s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 1e"8"ge "nd !ro!er 3un2tioning. T4e bre"t4er v"1ves s4"11 be over4"u1ed "nd reset "t t4e re7uired !ressure "nd v"2uum settings.

1213

CALCULATION RE/ECTION LI"ITS S5ELL PLATES

OF FOR

In determining t4e 1imiting t4i28ness 3or t4e s4e11 !1"tes o3 " t"n8, eit4er 3or t4e !ur!ose o3 !re-2"12u1"ting " set o3 retiring t4i28ness 3or e"24 t"n8 or "s " m"tter o3 ne2essit# "t t4e time o3 ins!e2tion, t4e b"si2 met4od given in t4e "!!1i2"b1e st"nd"rd s4"11 be used. T4e resu1t 6i11 be " t4i28ness 64i24 6i11 be t4e minimum re7uired 3or " !"rti2u1"r 1o2"tion 3or t4e given t"n8. .4en t4"t t4i28ness is re"24ed, re!"irs o3 re!1"2ement s4"11 be re7uired. A !it or " ver# sm"11 "re" redu2ed to t4e retiring t4i28ness is 4o6ever t"8en "s not 6e"8ening t4e !1"te "!!re2i"b1# 3rom t4e st"nd!oint o3 resisting !ressure. T4e "ver"ge t4i28ness, over " dist"n2e in " 1ongitudin"1 dire2tion e7u"1 to 1) times t4e minimum "11o6"b1e t4i28ness, is " good ru1e to 3o11o6 in est"b1is4ing " !1"te t4i28ness 3or " 2orroded "re". Re!"irs to su24 "re"s "re re7uired on1# to !revent 1e"8"ges 64en 2orrosion !rogresses 2om!1ete1# t4roug4 t4e !1"te. T4is "ver"ge t4i28ness 2"n be 2onsidered "s t4e me"sured !1"te t4i28ness.

1212

=UCKLING OF UPPER S5ELL COURSES 25EN TANK IS E"PTY

121211 Gener!%
T4e re>e2tion 1imits 3or t4e s4e11 !1"tes s!e2i3ied in 12.0 "nd 12.1 "re b"ses on t4e 2ondition t4"t t4e t"n8 is 2om!1ete1# 3i11ed 6it4 1i7uid. 'o6ever, 64en t4e s4e11 !1"tes 4"ve 2orroded it m"# be !ossib1e t4"t bu281ing o3 !1"tes o22urs be3ore t4e "bove mentioned 1imits. +u281ing o3 s4e11 !1"tes 6i11 "16"#s o22ur in t4e u!!er 4"13 o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11, "s t4e u!!er 2ourses "re t4inner t4"n t4e 1o6er 2ourses.

121212 Lo!d n, Cond t on#

+u281ing o3 s4e11 !1"tes m"# o22ur 64en t4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11 is insu33i2ient to 6it4st"nd one or t4e 2ombin"tion o3 t4e 3o11o6ing 1o"dsH <"= .ind on t4e outside o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11. For o!en to!e t"n8s "1so t4e 6ind 1o"d on t4e inside o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be 2onsidered.

<b= Intern"1 v"2uum inside t4e t"n8 due to t4e setting o3 v"2uum. <2= De"d 1o"d o3 roo3 "nd su!!orting stru2tures.

121214 "et*od of C!%)&%!t on#

T4e st"bi1it# o3 t4e 2orroded t"n8 s4e11 "g"inst bu281ing s4"11 be 2ontro11ed in "22ord"n2e 6it4 t4e 2"12u1"tion met4od given is +S-2)BA-!"rt ? R'ig4er Design StressesO. It is t4en ne2ess"r# to s!e2i3# t4e "ver"ge t4i28ness o3 t4e 2orroded s4e11 2ourses, es!e2i"11# o3 t4e u!!er 4"13 o3 t4e t"n8 s4e11. It is "1so !ointed out t4"tH <"= -"5imum 6ind gusts most1# resu1t in " 6ind 1o"d 64i24 is "!!ro5. 20N 4ig4er t4"n t4e 6ind 1o"ds s!e2i3ied in bui1ding regu1"tions. E5!erien2e 4"s s4o6n t4"t t4e gust v"1ue must be "!!1ied in t4e st"bi1it# 2"12u1"tion 3or t4e s4e11. <b= @"2uum v"1ves ordered 6it4 " v"2uum setting o3 )B mm 6"ter g"uge o3ten st"rt to o!en "t )B mm 6"ter g"uge but "re 3u11# o!en "t DB mm or 8B mm 6"ter g"uge. T4e 4ig4er v"1ue must be "!!1ied in t4e st"bi1it# 2"12u1"tion 3or t4e s4e11.

be tested b# "!!1#ing intern"1 "ir !ressure "1so. T4e intern"1 "ir !ressure s4"11 not e52eed t4e 6eig4t o3 t4e roo3 !1"tes or DB mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn. A3ter "!!1i2"tion o3 "ir !ressure, t4e >oints "re 24e28ed b# so"! so1ution. T4e roo3 integrit# m"# "1so be 24e28ed b# 2re"ting intern"1 v"2uum inside 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s. It is 2urrent !r"2ti2e to test t4e roo3 "3ter 2onstru2tion "t v"2uum o3 2B mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn. @"2uum is !rodu2ed b# 2ontro11ed dr"ining o3 6"ter "3ter 4#drost"ti2 test. T4e v"2uum test s4"11 be done 6it4 utmost 2"re "nd in no 2"se s4"11 v"2uum e52eed 2B mm o3 6"ter 2o1umn. In t4e 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, ne6 !ontoon bo5 6e1ding s4ou1d be 24e28ed b# "ir "nd so"! so1ution. A1tern"tive1#, t4ese m"# be 24e28ed b# 31o"ting t4e roo3 o3 t4e t"n8 6it4 6"ter "nd 24e28ing t4e !ontoon 2om!"rtments 3or "n# 1e"8.

141112 2e%d Re(! r

T4e 6e1d re!"irs s4ou1d be 2"rried out b# gougingEgrinding t4e 1e"8# s!ot "nd 6e1ding. Re!"irs s4"11 be ins!e2ted 3or t4eir integrit# b# v"2uum bo5 testE"ir test.

141114 Re(! r# to Roof D*en T!n7 # n Serv )e

.4en dee! !its in t"n8 !1"tes "re not 21ose1# s!"2ed "nd e5tensive, "nd t4us do not "33e2t t4e strengt4 o3 t4e t"n8, t4e# 2"n be re!"ired b# ot4er met4ods i3 6e1ding is not !r"2ti2"b1e. An# met4ods t4"t 6i11 sto! t4e 2orrosion "nd !1ug t4e 1e"8s 6i11 be s"tis3"2tor#. Fi11ing 6it4 !ro!riet"r# "ir4"rdening "d4esive m"# be suit"b1e i3 it 6i11 not be "33e2ted b# t4e t"n8 2ontents. An# ot4er m"teri"1 o3 " !utt# 1i8e n"ture t4"t 4"rdens u!on dr#ing s4ou1d be used on1# 3or tem!or"r# re!"ir. Su24 m"teri"1 must be "b1e to to1er"te t4e t"n8 2ontents in "ddition to m"8ing " tig4t bond 6it4 t4e stee1 !1"te. In "11 2"ses t4e !its s4"11 be 21e"ned t4oroug41#. $e"8s in t4e roo3 "re 2ommon1# re!"ired b# JS!ot "t24esJ t4"t don not invo1ve 2utting, 6e1ding, riveting or bo1ting o3 t4e stee1. T4e so3t !"t24es 2"n be m"de 3rom " v"riet# o3 m"teri"1s in21uding 2"nv"s, "sbestos, rubber, neo!rene, g1"ss 21ot4, FR , FRE, As!4"1t "nd ro!riet"r# m"sti2

1413 "ET5OD OF REPAIRS AND INSPECTION

-et4od des2ribed 4ereunder 3or re!"ir "re re2ommended ones. Ot4er met4ods 2on3irming to sound engineering !r"2ti2e m"# "1so be "!!1ied. T4ese re!"ir met4ods 4"ve been out1ined to 4ig41ig4t t4e ins!e2tion re7uired !rior to, during "nd "3ter re!"irs.

1411 ROOF REPAIRS 141111 Roof Re(%!)ement

Entire or !"rti"1 re!1"2ement o3 2orroded roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be done 6it4 ne6 !1"tes o3 t4i28ness "s !rovided in t4e origin"1 design. A3ter re!1"2ement t4e 6e1ding o3 t4e roo3 !1"tes s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 1e"8s using v"2uum bo5. T4e roo3 m"#

or 1"sti2 se"1ing m"teri"1, t4e 24oi2e de!ending u!on t4e 2ontents o3 t4e t"n8 "nd servi2e 2onditions. T4e !"t24es m"# be "!!1ied 64en t"n8 is in servi2e. T4e !"t24es m"# be in mu24 t4e s"me m"nner "s norm"11# "!!1ied to t4e roo3 " bui1ding. T4e "bove "re tem!or"r# met4ods o3 re!"ir. ro!er "nd !erm"nent re!"irs s4"11 be 2"rried out "t t4e e"r1iest o!!ortunit#.

o3 t4i28ness !rovided in t4e origin"1 design. T4e re!1"2ement !1"tes 2"n be t"8en in to t4e t"n8 t4roug4 6indo6 2ut in bottom s4e11 2ourse. A ne6 bottom m"# be 1"id on t4e o1d bottom 64en it is not !ossib1e to t"8e out t4e o1d !1"tes. T4is "rr"ngement 4"s been s4o6n in Fig. No. AA, A+ "nd A;. 'o6ever, b# t4is "rr"ngement, 2"!"2it# o3 t4e t"n8 6i11 be redu2ed. No991es "nd 4e"ting 2oi1s s4ou1d be re-!ositioned on t4e rene6ed bottom "s !er t4e o!er"tion"1 re7uirement. T4e ne6 6e1d >oints s4"11 be 24e28ed t4oroug41#. To dete2t "n# 1e"8"ge in t4e 6e1d 4oists, v"2uum bo5 test s4"11 be 2"rried out. T4e bottom !1"tes s4ou1d be 24e28ed !neum"ti2"11#. Air 2onne2tions "re inst"11ed "t minimum o3 B !oints. An "ir !ressure o3 10 2m. ."ter 2o1umn is m"int"ined 6it4 " 2entri3ug"1 b1o6er or "n "ir 2om!ressor. A *-tube m"nometer indi2"tes t4is !ressure "nd "t t4e s"me time s"3egu"rds t4e bottom "g"inst "n over-!ressure. T4e entire bottom is t4en tested. T4is s#stem 4"s "n "dv"nt"ge over t4e v"2uum bo5 met4od "s it is mu24 3"ster "nd more se2ure sin2e t4e entire sur3"2e "nd not on1# t4e 6e1ded se"ms "re 2overed. Anot4er "dv"nt"ge is t4"t 64i1e t4e "ir !ressure is "!!1ied, t4e bottom is !"rti"11# 1i3ted 3rom its b"se. T4is 2"uses t4e met"1 !1"tes to 31e5 so t4"t !ossib1e 4o1es o3 minor dimensions 64i24 mig4t 4"ve been se"1ed b# soi1 or rust !"rti21es 6i11 be2ome dete2t"b1e. I3 "n "ir !ressure o3 10 2m. 6"ter 2o1umn 2"nnot be m"int"ined o6ing to too mu24 "ir 1e"8"ge "round t4e outer rim o3 t4e bottom, it is re2ommended to inst"11 " d"m "round t4e t"n8 "s 21ose "s !"rti2"b1e to t4e s4e11 6"11. A d"m o3 21"# or bitumen s"nd mi5ture "bout 20 2m. 4ig4 s4ou1d be "!!1ied. T4is d"m 4"s to be se"1ed 6it4 " bitumen 1"#er. T4e s!"2e bet6een t4e d"m t4e t"n8 6"11 is t4en 3i11ed 6it4 3res4 6"ter 64i24 "2ts "s se"1. Arr"ngement o3 t"n8 bottom testing is given Fig B. S4e11 to bottom 6e1d >oint s4"11 be tested b# 3i11ing t4e t"n8 6it4 6"ter to " 1eve1 o3 4"13 t4e t"n8 4eig4t.

1412 S5ELL PLATES REPAIR 141211 S*e%% Re(%!)ement

;om!1ete or !"rti"1 re!1"2ement o3 2orroded "nd t4inned out s4e11 !1"tes s4"11 be done using ne6 !1"tes o3 t4i28ness "s !rovided in t4e origin"1 design. "rti"1 re!1"2ement o3 s4e11 !1"te 2"n be done b# 2utting 6indo6 "t t4e "33e2ted !ortion. A3ter 6e1ding t4e >oints s4"11 be 24e28ed visu"11# or b# D. . Test "nd t"8ing s!ot r"diogr"!4. A3ter s"tis3"2tor# re!"irs, t4e >oint s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or 1e"8s b# 3i11ing t4e t"n8s 6it4 6"ter "s is done in t4e 2"se o3 ne61# 3"bri2"ted t"n8s.

141212 2e%d Re(! r#

De3e2tive 6e1ds or 1e"8# 6e1ds s4"11 be re!"ired b# gouging, grinding "nd 6e1ding. T4e 6e1ding s4"11 be t4oroug41# ins!e2ted b# m"gni3#ing g1"ss or b# D. . Test. S!ot r"diogr"!4s s4ou1d "1so be t"8en.

1414 NOCCLES REPAIRS

T4e t4inned no991es s4"11 be t"8en out b# gouging t4e 6e1ding. T4e ne6 6e1ding s4"11 be 24e28ed 6it4 "ir "t " !ressure o3 1.0) 8gE2m2 "nd so"! suds t4roug4 t4e te11-t"1e 4o1e in rein3or2ing !"ds. In 2"se t"n8 is to be 4#drost"ti2"11# tested, t4e no991e rein3or2ing !"d s4"11 be 24e28ed 3or "n# 1e"8"ge t4roug4 t4e te11-t"1e 4o1e. I3 1e"8"ge is observed, t4e inner 6e1ding o3 no991e 6it4 s4e11 s4"11 be gouged, re6e1ded "nd tested.

1418 TANK =OTTO" REPAIRS 141811 =ottom Re(%!)ement

"rti"1 or 2om!1ete re!1"2ement o3 t"n8 bottom !1"tes 2"n be done using !1"tes

T4e 2riti2"1 9one 3or re!"irs on t4e t"n8 bottom is 6it4in t4e "nnu1"r !1"te ring <12( 3rom eit4er side=. No 6e1ding or 6e1d !"t24 "re !ermitted in t4is 2riti2"1 9one e52e!t 3or

6e1ding o3 dee! s2"ttered !its, 2r"28 in t4e bottom !1"teI t4e s4e11 to bottom 6e1d or 64ere t4e bottom or "nnu1"r !1"te is being re!1"2ed. NOTE1

141812 2e%d Re(! r#

$e"8# 6e1ds in t4e bottom 2"n be re!"ired b# gouging, grinding "nd 6e1ding. Re!"ired 6e1ds s4"11 be 24e28ed b# v"2uum bo5 testing.

141?14 T %t n,
T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting in t4e 3i5ed roo3 t"n8s due to uneven sett1ement s4"11 be "s s4o6n in Fig ). T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting in 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s 6i11 be governed b# t4e designed r"nge o3 g"! bet6een roo3 "nd s4e11. T4e m"5imum "11o6"b1e ti1ting "s given Fig ) 6i11 2"use "n in2re"se in t4e 4oo! stress o3 t4e s4e11 !1"tes b# 2N o3 t4e 4oo! stress 2"12u1"ted 3or t"n8s 6it4out uneven sett1ement. T4is in2re"se s4"11 be dedu2ted 3orm t4e "11o6"b1e stress 64en 2"12u1"ting re>e2tion 1imit o3 s4e11 !1"tes o3 t"n8s 64i24 4"ve sett1ed uneven1#. A t"n8 s4"11 be 1i3ted "nd t4e 3ound"tion re!"28ed i3 t4e 1imit 3or ti1ting is re"24ed.

141; STEA" COIL REPAIRS

T4inned or deterior"ted ste"m 2oi1s s4"11 be re!1"2ed. T4e 6e1d >oints s4"11 be 24e28ed b# s!ot r"diogr"!4#. A3ter s"tis3"2tor# re!"irs, t4e 2oi1s s4"11 be 4#drost"ti2"11# tested "t " !ressure o3 1.B times t4e o!er"ting !ressure.

141? TANKS PAD REPAIRS

141?11 Ero# on
T4e r"ised 3ound"tion o3 verti2"1 t"n8s must be !rote2ted 3rom t4e e33e2ts o3 erosion. An# d"m"ge to t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e se"1ing 2o"t or "n# bre"8do6n o3 t4e s"ndbitumen mi5 o3 t4"t !"rt o3 t4e 3ound"tion 64i24 !ro>e2t be#ond t4e b"se o3 t4e t"n8 s4"11 be re!"ired be3ore t4e under1#ing 3ound"tion is d"m"ged.

1813 UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS 1811 INSPECTION OF AN UNDERGROUND TANK

141?12 Sett%ement
Even 6it4 re1"tive1# minor sett1ement, t4e outer edge o3 t4e bottom !1"tes o3 " verti2"1 t"n8 6i11 sett1e "t " 1eve1 be1o6 t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e se"1ing 1"#er o3 t4e 3ound"tion. T4is resu1ts in t4e 3orm"tion o3 " 24"nne1 "round t4e !eri!4er# o3 t4e t"n8, in 64i24 r"in 6"ter 2o11e2ts. .4en t4is o22urs, sm"11 out1et 24"nne1s in r"di"1 dire2tion s4"11 be 2ut in t4e se"1ing 1"#er o3 s"nd bitumen mi5 "t t4e 1o6est !oint "nd "t interv"1s o3 "bout )mt. "round t4e !eri!4er# to !rovide dr"in"ge. T4e re1"tive sett1ement s4"11 be 24e28ed. I3 sett1ement e52eeds 2B mm, t4is met4od m"# destro# t4e e33e2tiveness o3 t4e s"nd bitumen se"1ing 1"#er. In su24 2"ses, t4e sur3"2e o3 t4e !ro>e2ting !"rt o3 t4e 3ound"tion s4"11 be trimmed "nd " ne6 se"1ing 1"#er o3 s"nd bitumen mi5. B0 mm t4i28 s4ou1d be 1"id to !rovide " !ro!er dr"in"ge 6it4 " sur3"2e s1o!ing "6"# 3rom t4e toe o3 t4e t"n8 bottom.

rior to entering "n underground t"n8, it s4"11 be 21e"ned intern"11# o3 its !rodu2t "nd "de7u"te "ir 2ir2u1"tion !rovided. T4e t"n8 s4"11 be visu"11# ins!e2ted 3or 2orrosionE!itsEdeterior"tion on intern"1 sur3"2es. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness me"surements s4"11 be 2"rried out on s4e11 !1"tes, end !1"tes "nd no991es 3rom inside. A3ter t4e re!"irs i3 "n#, t4e t"n8 s4"11 be 4#drost"ti2"11# tested o3 "t 0.DB 8gEs7.2m test !ressure "nd 24e28ed 3or 1e"8s.

1;13 DOCU"ENTATION 1;11 DOCU"ENTATION FOR NE2 TANKS

T4e 3o11o6ing 2om!1etion do2uments 3or t4e stor"ges t"n8 s4"11 be !reservedH i= As bui1t dr"6ing o3 t4e t"n8. ii= As bui1t dr"6ing o3 t4e t"n8 3ound"tion.

iii= S4e11 deve1o!ment dr"6ings indi2"ting t4e 1o2"tion o3 r"diogr"!4# "nd test resu1ts o3 t4e s4e11. iv= R"diogr"!4# 3i1ms <3or B #e"rs "3ter 2om!1etion= v= +ottom 1"#out "nd test resu1ts o3 t4e bottom. vi= 'e"ting 2oi1 1"#out "nd test resu1ts.

vii= ;erti3i2"te o3 e"rt4ing o3 " t"n8. viii= Roo3 1"#out "nd test resu1ts. i5= Sett1ement resu1ts o3 t"n8 bottom. 5= ontoon "nd 31o"ting roo3 test resu1ts. 5i= Test 2erti3i2"tes o3 se"1. 5ii= ;"1ibr"tion 24"rts.

5iii= ;erti3i2"te o3 t"n8 mountings. 5iv= F1o"ting roo3 dr"in"ge s#stem dr"6ing "nd test resu1ts.

5v= ,ener"1 "rr"ngement dr"6ings 6it4 design d"t" "nd m"teri"1 s!e2i3i2"tion. 5vi= No991e orient"tion dr"6ing.

5vii= St"ir6"# det"i1s 6it4 orient"tion. 5viii= Fo"m s#stem dr"6ing. 5i5= ;oo1ing s#stem dr"6ing 55= .ind girder dr"6ings 55i= i!e su!!ort dr"6ings 6it4 orient"tions 55ii= Ro11ing 1"dder det"i1 dr"6ing.

s4ou1d be re2orded in t4e 3o11o6ing 2"rds 3or e"24 t"n8H "= T"n8 ins!e2tion "nd re!"irs 2"rd <Re3. Fig. 1B.2.1= b= D"t" Re2ord 'istor# ;"rd <Re3. Fig 1B.2.2= T4e 4istor# o3 t4e t"n8 6i11 indi2"te t4e re!1"2ement o3 re!"ir re7uirements in 3uture "nd "1so 4e1! in re-est"b1is4ing suit"b1e 3re7uen2# o3 ins!e2tion.

1;12

DOCU"ENTATION TANKS IN SER>ICE

FOR

A11 t4e observ"tions, 3indings "nd re!"irs 2"rried out "3ter e"24 ins!e2tion

1?13 REFERENCES
The following codes, standards and publications have either been referred or used in the preparation of this standard and the same shall be read in conjunction with this standard. i) API Guide - Inspection of efiner! "#uipment, $hapter %III-Atmospheric and low pressure storage tan&s. ii) API '() - *elded +teel tan&s for oil storage. iii) API ',) - ecommended ules for -esign and construction of low pressure storage tan&s. iv) .+ ,'(/ - +pecification for vertical steel welded storage tan&s with butt welded shells for petroleum industr! v) I+ 0)1 - $ode of practice for -esign, 2abrication and "rection of 3ertical 4.+. $!linder 5il storage tan&s. vi) I+ /'0, - $ode of practice for 6ining of 3essels and "#uipment for $hemical Processes. Part - 7 ubber lining vii) API Publ ,)7( - $leaning Petroleum +torage Tan&s

viii) API Publ ,)7(A - A guide for controlling the 6ead 8a9ards associated with Tan& "ntr! and $leaning. i:) API Publ ,)7( . - $leaning open - Top and $overed floating oof Tan&s. :) API Publ ,),' - Guidelines for safe descent on to floating roofs of tan&s while in service. :i) API P ,))1 - Protection against ignitions arising out of +tatic, 6ighting and +tra! $urrents :ii) I+ ;;'/ ecommendations for 4aintenance and 5peration of Petroleum +torage Part -7 -- Preparation of tan&s for safe entr! < *or&. Part-II Inspection.

:iii) I+ 7);0= - $ode of practice for -esign, 2abrication Testing and installation of underground > aboveground c!lindrical storage tan&s for petroleum products. :iv) API ,))) - 3enting Atmospheric and 6ow-Pressure +torage tan&s.

ANNEBURE - II SAFETY IN INSPECTION OF STORAGE TANKS

1. A !erson s4"11 not go "1one on t4e roo3 o3 stor"ge t"n8s 3or ins!e2tion. No 6"18ing s4"11 be done on t4e roo3 !1"tes 64ere t4inningE!er3or"tions "re observed. Ne2ess"r# !1"n8ing m"# be !rovided 3or 6"18ing on su24 roo3s. *1tr"soni2 t4i28ness me"surements s4"11 not be 2"rried out 64en t4e t"n8s is re2eiving or dis!"t24ing. Entr# on to t4e de28 o3 " 31o"ting roo3 s4"11 be restri2ted 64en t4e 31o"ting roo3 is more t4"n B metres be1o6 t4e to! "ng1e ring. 2. '2s m"# be !resent inside t4e stor"ge t"n8s in 4#dro2"rbon servi2e. In 2"se o3 31o"ting roo3 t"n8s, '2S m"# be !resent "bove roo3 "1so. ne2ess"r# s"3et# !re2"utions s4"11 be t"8en 64i1e ins!e2ting su24 t"n8s. ?. No 4ot 6or8 s4"11 be 2"rried out inside t4e t"n8 !rior to g"s 3reeing o3 t4e s"me. 'ot 6or8 on bottom !1"tes s4"11 be done under stri2t su!ervision 64ere !er3or"tion "ndEor 1e"8s "re observed. Air test !ressure s4"11 NE@ER e52eed t4e s!e2i3ied 1imits. A. A11 1o"ded t"n8s must be 2om!1ete1# s4ot b1"sted "nd t4oroug41# 21e"ned be3ore entering. A I !ub1i2"tion No. 201B, 201BA, 201B+ : 2202 s4"11 be re3erred 3or t4e stor"ge t"n8s 2ont"ining 1o"ded !etro1eum !rodu2ts. B. S"3et# be1ts s4"11 be 6orn 64i1e 6or8ing on +osunOs 24"ir.

ANNEBURE - III 2ATER FILL-UP TEST OF A STORAGE TANK

T4is "nne5ure out1ines det"i1ed !rogr"mme o3 2ondu2ting 4#dr"u1i2 testing o3 stor"ge t"n8.

41

SETTLE"ENT O=SER>ATIONS + "EASURE"ENTS

11 5YDRAULIC FILLING
1.1 T"n8 s4"11 be 3i11ed u! in st"ges o3 2.B mts. e"24. 1.2 E"24 st"ge o3 1o"ding s4"11 be m"int"ined 3or " minimum !eriod o3 D d"#s or ti11 2ir2um3erenti"1 sett1ement bet6een t6o su22essive !oints on t4e t"n8 !eri!4er# is e7u"1 to or 1ess t4"n 2.B mm over t4e !revious 2A 4rs. T4e 1"rgest time 3or 64i24 e"24 st"ge o3 1o"ding is m"int"ined s4"11 be t4e one 64i24 o22urs 1"ter o3 t4e t6o 2onditions, i.e. D d"#s or t4e r"te o3 sett1ement.

?.1 For t"n8s 6it4 2"!"2it# e7u"1 to or 1ess t4"n ?000 2u.mt A m"r8ers m"# be !1"2ed "t e7u"1 dist"n2e on t4e 2ir2um3eren2e o3 t4e t"n8s. ?.2 For t"n8s 6it4 2"!"2it# e7u"1 or gre"ter t4"n B000 2u. mt 8 m"r8ers m"# be !1"2ed "t e7u"1 dist"n2e on t4e 2ir2um3eren2e o3 t4e t"n8s. ?.? T4e !osition o3 e"24 m"r8er s4"11 be indi2"ted on t4e t"n8 !1"n.

1.? T4e se7uen2e o3 3i11ing v"rious t"n8s in " t"n8 3"rm s4"11 be su24 "s to "void over-1"!!ing o3 sett1ements. To "24ieve t4is, it 6ou1d be ne2ess"r# to 3i11 di"gon"11# o!!osite t"n8s 64en simu1t"neous or individu"1 3i11ing is 2"rried out.

?.A Sett1ement me"sured s4"11 be t"8en "t 4our1# or t6o 4our1# interv"1 3rom 2ommen2ement o3 3i11ing o3 e"24 st"ge. A3ter t4e 6"ter in t4e t"n8 4"s been 3i11ed u!to t4e desired st"ge t4e sett1ement me"surement s4"11 be t"8en "t 1,2,A,8, 1) : 2A 4r. "nd t4ere"3ter ever# 2A 4rs. ti11 end o3 t4e s!e2i3ied !eriod.

8 GRAP5S
A.1 1ots o3 sett1ement vEs time "nd 1o"d vEs sett1ement s4"11 be !re!"red 3or e"24 t"n8. T4ese !1ots "re intended to s4o6 time r"te o3 3i11ing o3 t"n8s, st"bi1is"tion o3 sett1ements "s !er t4e s!e2i3i2"tion "nd m"gnitude o3 sett1ements.

2 E"PTYING
2.1 T4e st"ges in 64i24 t4e 6"ter is em!tied out 3rom t4e t"n8s s4"11 be t4e s"me "s 3or 3i11ing. A minimum 6"iting !eriod o3 12 4ours s4"11 be !ermitted bet6een e"24 de1o"ding st"ge.