@dcdrml Vtunhds Imcuml

bkr
TZVF mcn Vtmtd Zuelhf Vdrvhfds
Dxmihcmthkcs
5:=>

Hcnhmc Zklhty & Fkcsthtuthkc

Iknuld-=? Vmlhdct Bdmturds & Zrdmield

www.`atknmy.hc

Bhrst Zuelhsgdn hc 5:=:

Lmst Tpnmtdn? Ckvdiedr 5:=6

5:=:-5:=6 Vurdsg Vkch | Mll Uh`gts Udsdrvdn

Ck pmrt kb tghs puelhfmthkc imy ed rdprknufdn kr fkphdn hc mcy imtdrhml bkri (hcflunhc` pgktk fkpyhc` kr

stkrhc` ht hc mcy idnhui hc bkri kb `rmpghfs, dldftrkchf kr idfgmchfml idmcs mcn wgdtgdr kr ckt trmcshdct kr
hcfhndctml tk skid ktgdr usd kb tghs puelhfmthkc) whtgkut wrhttdc pdrihsshkc kb tgd fkpyrh`gt kwcdr.
hsflmhidr

Pghld mll fmrd gms eddc tmadc hc tgd prdpmrmthkc kb tghs imtdrhml, ck rdspkcshehlhty hs mffdptdn ey tgd mutgkr kr ghs
tdmi bkr mcy drrkrs, kihsshkcs kr hcmffurmfhds. ^gd imtdrhml prkvhndn hc tghs rdskurfd gms eddc prdpmrdn tk prkvhnd

`dcdrml hcbkrimthkc kcly. Ht hs ckt hctdcndn tk ed rdlhdn upkc kr ed m suesthtutd bkr ld`ml kr ktgdr prkbdsshkcml mnvhfd.
Ck rdspkcshehlhty fmc ed mffdptdn ey tgd mutgkr bkr mcy ackwc kr ucackwc fkcsdqudcfds tgmt imy rdsult brki

rdlhmcfd kc mcy hcbkrimthkc prkvhndn hc tghs puelhfmthkc. Zldmsd sdcn m imhl tk hcbkJ`atknmy.hc bkr drrkrs kr kihsshkcs
hb mcy.

@dcdrml Vtunhds Imcuml 5:=

Hcnhmc Zklhty =? Vmlhdct Bdmturds mcn Zrdmiel

kct cts

Fgmptdr =.

Imahc` kb tgd Fkcsthtuthkc .................................................................................... 6

^gd Fkcsthtudct Mssdiely .......................................................................................... >
Keodfthvds Udskluthkc ................................................................................................. 2
Vuiimry kb tgd Keodfthvds Udskluthkc ................................................................................ 0
Vmlhdct bdmturds
kb Hcnhmc
Fkcsthtuthkc ....................................................................... 8
Ikst Dxgmusthvd
Fkcsthtuthkc
...............................................................................................
8
Kur Fkcsthtuthkc stmrts whtg m Zrdmield ............................................................................. 8
Kur fkcsthtuthkc gms eddc nrmwc brki nhbbdrdct skurfds .................................................... 8
Uh`hnhty vs. Bldxhehlhty ......................................................................................................... =:
Vkvdrdh`cty kb tgd Fkuctry ................................................................................................ =:
Ndikfrmthf stmtd ............................................................................................................... =:
Zmrlhmidctmry Ndikfrmfy ................................................................................................. =:
Vkfhmlhst Vtmtd....................................................................................................................=:
Vdfulmr .............................................................................................................................. ==
Zmrlhmidctmry Bkri kb @kvdrcidct .................................................................................. ==

M
eldcn kb Bdndrml
Tchtmry Vystdi ............................................................................. =5
Hctd`rmtdn
Ounhfhmrymcn
...........................................................................................................
=6
Tchvdrsml Mnult Brmcfghsd .................................................................................................. =6
Vkurfds kb tgd Hcnhmc Fkcsthtuthkc............................................................................ =6
Fgmptdr 5.
Zrdmield ............................................................................................................ =6
Hs Zrdmield dcbkrfdmeld ey Fkurts; .................................................................................. =>
Pghfg pgrmsd ucndrlhcds tgd suprdimfy kb Hcnhmc Zdkpld; ............................................... =>
Nkds Zrdmield cmrrkws nkwc tgd keodfthvds kb tgd @kvdrcidcts; ..................................=4
Gkw imcy thids Zrdmield gms eddc midcndn sk bmr; ..................................................... =4
Tcndrstmcnhc` tgd Zrdmield .................................................................................... =4
Edruemrh Fmsd mcn Adsmvmcmcn Egmrmth Fmsd hc fkctdxt whtg Zrdmield .................. =2

Hctrknufthkc

^gd stru``ld bkr Hcnhms hcndpdcndcfd wms kvdr wgdc tgd Erhthsg ldbt kur fkuctry hc Mu`ust =8>0
Eut tghs wms ckt mc dcn1 ht wms tgd ed`hcchc` bkr m cdw stru``ld.

Mbtdr fdcturhds kb ups mcn nkwcs, mc mcfhdct fkuctry wms rd-ekrc ms mc hcndpdcndct cmthkc. Eu

lhvhc` ms mc hcndpdcndct cmthkc wms ckt skidtghc` kb dmsy vhrtud. Mt tgd smid thid, tgd cdw

stru``ld wms tk dstmelhsg m ndikfrmthf cmthkc emsdn upkc tgd hndmls kb ousthfd, lhedrty, dqumlhty mcn
brmtdrchty. Vk tgd pmrmikuct cddn wms tk brmid m fkcsthtuthkc ms tgd emshf lmw kb tgd lmcn.
^gd bhrst qudsthkc mrhsds hs Pgmt hs m Fkcsthtuthkc;

^gd Fkcsthtuthkc hs m sdt kb lmws mcn rulds tgmt sdts up imfghcdry kb tgd @kvdrcidct kb m stmtd mcn

wghfg ndbhcds mcn ndtdrihcds tgd rdlmthkcs edtwddc tgd nhbbdrdct hcsthtuthkcs mcn fkipkcdcts kb tgd
`kvdrcidct , tgd dxdfuthvd, tgd ld`hslmturd, tgd ounhfhmry, tgd fdctrml mcn tgd lkfml @kvdrcidct.
Mffkrnhc`ly wd fmc ndbhcd tgd bucfthkcs kb tgd Fkcsthtuthkc ms bkllkws?

^gd fkcsthtuthkc prkvhnds m sdt kb emshf rulds tgmt mllkw bkr ihchiml fkkrnhcmthkc mikc`s

idiedrs kb m skfhdty.

Ht mlsk lmys kut tgd bucnmidctml prhcfhplds mffkrnhc` tk wghfg m stmtd hs fkcsthtutdn kr

`kvdrcdn. Ht spdfhbhds tgd emshf mllkfmthkc kb pkwdr hc m skfhdty, mcn `hvds fdrtmhc ndfhshkc
imahc` pkwdrs tk tgd lmw imadrs.

5:=:-5:=6 Vurdsg Vkch | Mll Uh`gts Udsdrvdn | Dimhl? surdsgJ`atknmy.hc

5|Zm`d

@dcdrml Vtunhds Imcuml 5:=

Hcnhmc Zklhty =? Vmlhdct Bdmturds mcn Zrdmiel

Ht spdfhbhds wgk gms tgd pkwdr tk imad ndfhshkcs hc m skfhdty. Ht ndfhnds gkw tgd `kvdrcidc

whll ed fkcsthtutdn.

^gdc, tgd fkcsthtuthkc dcmelds tgd `kvdrcidct tk bulbhl tgd msphrmthkcs kb tgd skfhdty mcn tk

hipldidct tgd hndmls kb ousthfd, lhedrty mcn brmtdrchty.

Mt tgd smid thid ht sdts skid lhihts kc wgmt m `kvdrcidct fmc hipksd kc hts fhthzdcs. ^gdsd

lhihts mrd bucnmidctml idmcs `kvdrcidct imy cdvdr trdspmss tgdi. Bkr dxmipld, tgdrd mrd

fdrtmhc bucnmidctmls rh`gts prkvhndn tk tgd fhthzdcs kb tgd fkuctry, wghfg tgd `kvdrcidc
fmc cdvdr trdspmss.

^gd bhrst wdll ackwc dxmipld kb m fkcsthtuthkc wms tgd Fkcsthtuthkc kb Tchtdn Vtmtds kb Midrhfm

^ghs rdimrameld nkfuidct hs gmhldn bkr hts erdvhty, rdstrmhct mcn shiplhfhty. Imcy mspdfts kb tgd

TV fkcsthtuthkc wdrd ekrrkwdn ey tgd brmidrs kb tgd Hcnhmc Fkcsthtuthkc, eut sthll, iufg pmrt kb tgd

Fkcsthtuthkc kb Hcnhm wms skurfdn mcn mnmptdn brki tgd Erhthsg imnd @kvdrcidct kb Hcnhm Mf
=864. ^gdc, dxpdrhdcfd mcn `kkn tghc`s kb vmrhkus ktgdr fkcsthtuthkcs sufg ms tgmt kb Uusshm, Ompmc

mcn Fmcmnm dtf. wdrd tmadc mcn mnmptdn hc tgd fkcsthtuthkc kb Hcnhm. ^gmt hs wgy1 tgd Fkcsthtuthkc k
Hcnhm hs m rdsult kb fkcshndrmeld hihtmthkc mcn mnmptmthkc rmtgdr tgmc krh`hcmlhty.

Fgmptdr =.

Imahc` kb tgd Fkcsthtuthkc

Edbkrd tgd fkcsthtuthkc kb Hcnhm fmid hctk bkrfd kc 52 Omcumry =84:, twk eh` lmws dcmftdn ey

Erhthsg wdrd tgd @kvdrcidct kb Hcnhm Mft =864 mcn Hcnhmc Hcndpdcndcfd Mft =8>0. Ektg k

tgdsd lmws wdrd rdpdmldn ms pdr Mrthfld 684 kb tgd prdsdct fkcsthtuthkc kc 52 Ckvdiedr =8>8, tgd
nmy kc wghfg tgd fkcsthtudct mssdiely kb Hcnhm dcmftdn kur fkcsthtuthkc.

Gkwdvdr, wd Hcnhmcs nhn ckt `dt tgd kppkrtuchty tk brmid kur kwc fkcsthtuthkc kvdrch`gt. ^gksd

wdrd tgd nmys wgdc imokr ndfhshkcs mekut tgd bmtd kb Hcnhmc pdkpld wdrd tmadc hc Lkcnkc. Bkr mt

ldmst =:: ydmrs tgdrd wms m `rmnuml mwmadchc` mcn ht wms tgd ucdxprdssdn ndshrd kb tgd pdkpld

Hcnhm tk wrhtd tgdhr kwc emshf lmw kb tgd lmcn. Hc =855, Imgmtim @mcngh, wghld dxplmhchc` tgd

idmchc` kb Vwmrmo gmn hcnhfmtdn tgmt tgd Fkcsthtuthkc kb Hcnhm wkuln ed nrmbtdn ey Hcnhmcs. ^ghs

wms prkemely tgd bhrst dxprdssdn hctdcthkc, rd`mrnhc` tgd Hcnhmcs imnd fkcsthtuthkc bkr Hcnhmc
pdkpld.

Vhx ydmr lmtdr, hc =857, bkr tgd bhrst thid m fkcsthtuthkc bkr Hcnhm wms nrmbtdn ey Cdgru Fkiihttdd

tgmt wms gdmndn ey Ikth Lml Cdgru. M ydmr lmtdr, hc tgd Lmgkrd sdsshkc kb Ndfdiedr =858, Fkc`rdss
pmssdn tgd Zkkrcm Vwmrmo rdskluthkc. Ht wms tgd smid sdsshkc hc
wghfg Omwmgmrlml Cdgru wms dldftdn ms prdshndct kb tgd Fkc`rdss.
^ghs >= ydmrs kln mc`lkpghld, mrhstkfrmthf, mcn kcly skc kb Ikthlml
Cdgru gmn ndnhfmtdn mll ghs dcdr`y bkr tgd cmthkcml ikvdidct
mcn wms ykuc`dst prdshndct kb Fkc`rdss thll tgmt thid. Gd lmtdr
didr`dn ms @mcnghs ndsh`cmtdn suffdsskr tk fkc`rdss ldmndrsghp.

Gdrd, pldmsd cktd tgmt tgku`g tgd fkc`rdss pmssdn tgd Zkkrcm Vwmrmo Udskluthkc hc Ndfdiedr

=858, ht wms m ikctg lmtdr kc Omcumry 52, =86:, wgdc m Zldn`d kb Hcnhmc Hcndpdcndcfd mlsk
5:=:-5:=6 Vurdsg Vkch | Mll Uh`gts Udsdrvdn | Dimhl? surdsgJ`atknmy.hc

6|Zm`d