Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fernando Lidonnici
Convenor of WGC/CEN TC54
DESIGN ACCORDING TO ASME SECTION VIII div.1 Nominal design stresses for Steels in Section VIII division 1 are limited by a very high safety coefficient on tensile strength (3,5). In the creep range the characteristics of the welding material are supposed to be the same as the base metal. DBA (=Design by Analysis) and Fatigue Analysis only possible with Section VIII division 2 (special vessels). DBE (Design by Experiment) only possible where calculation formulae are not provided in the Code. Section VIII division 1 covers all materials (Steels, Cast Iron, Al alloys, Cu alloys, Ni alloys, Titanium,
etc.)
2.
3.
PED + EN 13445: also from 0,7 (no NDT) to 1 (full NDT). EN 13445 limits the use of testing group 4 (joint efficiency 0,7) to carbon steels (temperatures +10 / +200 C) and austenitic stainless steels (temperatures -50 / +300C) only, with pressure smaller than 20 bar and pressure x volume smaller than 20000 (above 100C) or 50000 bar x litre, provided the content is not dangerous (Group 2 Fluids only).
1,3
f PS f
1,25
f PS f
(formula to be applied to all the pressure parts of a specific vessel), however not less than 1,43 PS . Use of lower hydrostatic test pressures is permitted if alternative measures assuring the same safety level are taken. EN 13445.5: the hydrostatic test pressure may be limited to the maximum value compatible with the actual thicknesses of the main pressure parts determined by design conditions. For Vessels of Testing Group 4 a higher test pressure is provided. fo Note: PS = Design Pressure, f = ratio between nominal design stress at 20C and nominal design stress at design temperature.
CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES
ASME: Authorization given to the Manufacturer to affix an ASME Stamp (specific for the particular kind of pressure component concerned) after a survey carried out by ASME and the National Board of Pressure Vessel Inspectors. Design, fabrication and inspection activities carried out under the surveillance of an Authorized Inspection Agency. Particular precautions are to be taken for vessels in Lethal Service. PED: Specific certification procedures (modules) have been provided in order to cover 4 different hazard categories of vessels. Some modules are based on QC (Quality Control) procedures, other on QA (Quality Assurance) procedures (lower degree: self certification, higher degree: either full QC (step by step checking), or full QA (Qualification of the Manufacturer). For Vessels the hazard category depends on the content (dangerous / / non dangerous) and on its physical state (liquid or gas / vapour). Each module provides a different involvement of a Notified Body, specifically authorized by one of the European countries. Note: also assemblies made of several pressure component are subject to a certification procedure.