Problem 1.

10

[Difficulty: 4] NOTE: Drag formula is in error: It should be: FD = 3 V d

Given: Find: Solution:

Data on sphere and formula for drag. Diameter of gasoline droplets that take 1 second to fall 10 in. Use given data and data in Appendices; integrate equation of motion by separating variables.

FD = 3Vd a = dV/dt Mg

The data provided, or available in the Appendices, are:

7 lbf s

= 4.48 10

ft

w = 1.94

slug ft
3

SG gas = 0.72

gas = SGgas w

gas = 1.40 dV dt

slug ft
3

Newton's 2nd law for the sphere (mass M) is (ignoring buoyancy effects) dV so g 3 d M V
3 d t M 1 e

= M g 3 V d

= dt

Integrating twice and using limits

V( t) =

M g 3 d

3 d t M M x( t) = t + e 3 d 3 d
M g
3

1 1

Replacing M with an expression involving diameter d

d M = gas 6

18 t 2 gas d g gas d gas d2 x( t) = t + e 18 18

2

This equation must be solved for d so that x ( 1 s) = 10 in. The answer can be obtained from manual iteration, or by using Excel's Goal Seek. d = 4.30 10
1 0.75 3

in
10 7.5

x (in)

0.5 0.25 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1

x (in)

5 2.5 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

t (s)

t (s)

Note That the particle quickly reaches terminal speed, so that a simpler approximate solution would be to solve Mg = 3 Vd for d , with V = 0.25 m/s (allowing for the fact that M is a function of d )!