TR NG THPT CHUYN THOI NGC HU

_________________________________________________

NG DNG CA S PHC TRONG MT S BI TON VT L ----- Bn

cnh cc phng tin thng thng dng gii cc bi ton c lin quan n
cc hm iu ha, ti thy c mt phng tin khc cng rt hu hiu, HS c
th vn dng n d dng gii nhanh cc bi ton trn vi s h tr ca my
tnh b ti, l s phc.
Trong khun kh ca bi vit ny ti xin ch trnh by cc vn sau: - Dng s
phc trong bi ton vit phng trnh dao ng iu ha - Dng s phc trong
php tng hp cc hm iu ho Nu c dp thun tin ti s trnh by tip vn
dng s phc trong cc bi ton in xoay chiu . I- NHC LI MT S
KHI NIM V S PHC:
1- S phc x l s c dng x = a +
bi a phn thc: Rex = a ; b phn o: Imx = b , i n v o: i 2 = 1 2- Biu
din s phc x = a + bi trn mt phng phc:
y
b

* r : moun ca s phc , r = a 2 + b 2
r

* : acgumen ca s phc,
O
M
a
tan
=ba=
Im Re
x
y
bA
Oa
x
xx

3- Dng lng gic ca s phc:

x = a + bi = r (cos +

**ar
cos
b=
r
sin

Theo cng thc le: cos + i sin =

e i x = a + bi = r (cos + i sin ) = re . i 4- Biu din mt hm iu
ho di dng s phc:
Hm iu ha x = A cos( . t + ) Nu biu din di dng x = A cos( . t +
0

quay = , OA uuur OA )

ti t = 0:
Ta thy: a = A cos , b = A sin
=> ti t = 0 c th biu din x bi s phc :
x = a + bi = A (cos + i sin ) = Ae . i Vy mt hm iu ha (xt ti t =
0) c th vit di cc dng s phc nh sau:
i sin ) Vi :
==A
a = A cos , b = A
sin
,
tan A =
a2+
b

=ba
GV: H VN NG 1

TR NG THPT CHUYN THOI NGC HU

_________________________________________________ 5- Cch chuyn t 1 hm iu
ha sang hm s phc bng my fx-570:

- S dng Mode 2, R (Radian) - x = A cos( . t + ) x = Ae . i . = a + bi

Thao tc trn my fx-570MS: Bm A , SHIFT , , , = s c a; bm tip SHIFT ,
= s c bi Th d :
*

hu n x = 5 2cos(100 . t

4
)

sang dn g phc.

hcn vo

ode 2, R (Radian)

Bm 5 2
SHIFT
4

= , ta c 5 sau bm HI T = ,ta c 5i
: x = 5 2cos(100 . t
4
)
x = 5(1 + i ) Tng t: * s = 2 3cos(10. t 6
)s=3
3
i

* x = 5 3cos(10. t + ) x = 5 3 * u = 100 2cos100 . t u = 100 2 6Cch chuyn t 1 hm s phc sang hm iu ha bng my fx-570:
\ S dng Mode 2, R (Radian) \ x = a + bi x = A cos( t . + ) Thao tc:
My fx-570ES: Bm a + bi , SHIFT ,2,3 s c A My fx-570MS: bm SHIFT,
+,= A , bm tip SHIFT, = Th d: * H chu n dn g phc u = (100
100 3), i = 100 sang dng iu ha.
Thao tc trn my: Bm 100 100 3.
i SHIFT
4

.
- My fx-570ES: bm tip HI T 2,3 200

3 - My fx-570MS: bm tip HI T + , = 200 , bm tip SHIFT, =

1,047...
=
3
: u = (100 100 3), i = 100 = 200cos(100 .
3
)

* x = 2, = 5 x = 2cos5. t II- P DNG VO VT L:

a Vit phng trnh cc dao ng iu ha:
a
1

ut

- C s l thuyt:
+.t+)
=
0

A cos = A sin
x (0) v

(0)

= A cos

= A sin

=a
=b
GV: H VN NG 2

TR NG THPT CHUYN THOI NGC HU

_________________________________________________

b
=x
v

a
2

(0) cos(
)t
=
0

, (0) - Phng php gii:

it lc t = 0 c:
ba=x
v

x = x v i A x = A t + a 3
(0)
(0) (0)
(0)

cos(
)

- Thao tc trn my tnh (fx 570): Mode 2, R (radian), Bm : x (0)

(0)

\ Vi my fx 570 ES : bm tip SHIFT 2 v 3, my s hin A , chnh

l bin A v pha ban u .
\ Vi my fx 570 MS : bm tip HI T, +( # A ), = (Re-Im) my s hin
A, sau bm SHIFT, = (Re-Im) my s hin .
a
4

- Th d: 1.Vt m dao ng iu ha vi tn s 0,5Hz, ti gc thi gian n c li

x
(0)

=
4cm, vn tc v
(0)

= 12,56cm/s, l = 3,14 . H

vit phng trnh dao ng.

Lc gii:
b a = = x
(0) v

(0)

= = 4
4
x = 4 4
i =

2. Vt m gn vo u mt l xo nh, dao ng iu ha vi chu k 1s.

ngi ta kch thch dao ng bng cch ko m khi v tr cn bng ngc chiu
dng mt on 3cm ri bung. Chn gc ta VTCB, gc thi gian lc
bung vt, hy vit phng trnh dao ng.
Lc gii:
(0)
(0)

. Bm 4 - 4i, shift 23 4 2 4 x 4cos( t 4

)

cm
ba==x
v

==0
x = 3;

; bm -3, shift 23 3 x = 3cos(2 t + ) cm 3.

Vt nh m =250g c treo vo u di mt l xo nh, thng ng k = 25N/m.
T T
ngi ta kch thch dao ng bng cch truyn cho m mt vn tc
40cm/s theo phng ca trc l xo. Chn gc ta VTCB, gc thi gian lc
m qua T
ngc chiu dng, h vit phng trnh dao ng.
Lc gii:

=k
ba==x
(0) v

(0)

==0
4
x = 4
i = +

a
5

; bm 4i, shift 23 4 2 x 4cos(10 t 2

)
cm

- Tin li:
Nhanh, HS ch cn tnh , vit ng cc iu kin ban u v vi thao tc bm

my.
GV: H VN NG 3

TR NG THPT CHUYN THOI NGC HU

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b Tng hp cc dao ng iu ha:

b
1

- C s l thuyt:
x = A 1 cos( . t + 1 ) + A 2 cos( . t + 2
) + ... = A cos( . t + ) x = x 1 + x 2
+ ... = a + bi
,

ba==ba++ba
+ + ... ...
x=Aei1+Aei2
+ ... = Ae i
x = A cos( t +
)B
2
12
12

1 2 - Thao tc trn my tnh (fx 570): Mode 2, R (radian)

Bm
A 1 , shift , 1 + A 2 , shift , 2

+ ... \ Vi my fx 570 ES : bm tip SHIFT 2 v 3 my

s hin A , chnh l bin A v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp.
\ Vi my fx 570 MS : bm tip HI T +( # A ), v = (Re-Im) my s
hin A, sau bm SHIFT = (Re-Im) my s hin
b
4

- Th d: 1. Tm dao ng tng hp ca hai DH cng phng sau

x 1 = 5cos2 t ( cm ), x 2
= 5 3cos(2 t +

2
)( cm
)
HD: x 1 = 5cos2 t ( cm ) x 1
= 5 e j .0

=5,
x2=t+
x2
=
e
j
.2

Cch bm my: 5 5 3; ;
2
5 3cos(2 2
)53
+ shift

(my hin :5 + 5 3
2

)
bm tip SHIFT 2 v 3 my s hin 10
3
= 10cos(2 +
3
)( )

2. Tm dao ng tng hp ca bn DH cng phng sau

12

x t cm
x = 10cos(20 t 6 )( cm ), x = 6 3cos(20 t
2

)( cm
)
x 3 = 4 3cos(20 t )( cm ), x 4
= 10cos(20 t +
2
)( cm
)
HD: x 1 = 10cos(20
t6
)x1
= 10
e

i6

, x 2 = 6 3cos(20
t2
)x2
=
63
e

i
2

x 3 = 4 3cos(20 t ) x 1
= 4 3 , x 4 = 10cos(20 t + 6
)x4
=
10
e
i
6

Bm: 10 6 + 6 3 2 4 3 + 10

, SHIFT, 2, 3 my s hin 6 6

4
x = 6 6cos(20 t
4
)( cm
)

3. Hai cht im M
1

,M
2

chuyn ng trn hai ng thng song song,

theo phng Ox song song vi hai ng thng trn, chng ln lt c cc
phng trnh
x1
= 3(cos2 . t 2
)
cm

v
x2

= 3 3cos2 .( t cm ) . Tm khong cch gia M

1

v M
2

theo phng
Ox trn .
HD:
x 1 = 3cos(2
t2
)x2

=3
e

j
.2

,
x 2 = 3 3cos(2 t ) x 2
=
3 3 GV: H VN NG 4

TR NG THPT CHUYN THOI NGC HU

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M 1 M 2 = | x | = | x 2 x 1
| x = 3 3 3 2 ; shift
23 6

Vy:
12

=+

b
1

M M | 6 cos(2 t 6
) | ( cm
)

- Tin li: n gin v nhanh, c th cng tr d dng nhiu hm iu ha trn

cng mt php ton
GV: H VN NG 5