DH 1 (Da)

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tk

1
P N
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp X
nung
nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t
khi so
vi H
2
l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam. B. 35,2 gam. C. 70,4 gam. D. 140,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
o
t
2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
(1)
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
o
t
3FeO + CO
2
(2)
FeO + CO
o
t
Fe + CO
2
(3)
Nh vy cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
hoc t hn, iu khng quan trng v vic cn
bng cc phng trnh trn cng khng cn thit, quan trng l s mol CO phn ng bao gi cng bng s
mol CO
2
to thnh.

B
11,2
n 0,5
22,5
= = mol.
Gi x l s mol ca CO
2
ta c phng trnh v khi lng ca B:
44x + 28(0,5 x) = 0,5 20,4 2 = 20,4
nhn c x = 0,4 mol v cng chnh l s mol CO tham gia phn ng.
Theo LBTKL ta c:
m
X
+ m
CO
= m
A
+
2
CO
m
m = 64 + 0,4 44 0,4 28 = 70,4 gam. (p n C)
Cu 2: S electron c thn c trong mt ion Ni
2+
(Z = 28) trng thi c bn l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 3: Dy gm cc phn t v ion va c tnh oxi ha va tnh kh l
A. HCl, Fe
2+
, Cl
2
B. SO
2
, H
2
S, F
-
C.SO
2
, S
2-
, H
2
S D. Na
2
SO
3
, Br
2
,
Al
3+

Cu 4: t
0
C tc ca mt phn ng ha hc l v. tc phn ng trn l 8v th nhit cn thit
l: (Bit nhit tng ln 10
0
C th tc phn ng tng ln 2 ln).
A. (t + 100)
0
C. B. (t + 30)
0
C C. (t + 20)
0
C D. (t + 200)
0
C
Cu 5: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c hn hp cc ete c
s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l bao nhiu?
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,4 mol. D. 0,2 mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ru tch nc iu kin H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C th to thnh 6 loi ete v tch ra 6
phn t H
2
O. Theo LBTKL ta c

2
H O ete
m m m 132,8 11,2 21,6 = = =
ru
gam

2
H O
21,6
n 1, 2
18
= = mol.
Mt khc c hai phn t ru th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H
2
O do s mol H
2
O lun bng
s mol ete, suy ra s mol mi ete l
1, 2
0, 2
6
= mol. (p n D)
Nhn xt: Chng ta khng cn vit 6 phng trnh phn ng t ru tch nc to thnh 6 ete, cng
khng cn tm CTPT ca cc ru v cc ete trn. Nu cc bn xa vo vic vit phng trnh phn ng
v t n s mol cc ete tnh ton th khng nhng khng gii c m cn tn qu nhiu thi gian.
Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr (I) v mui
cacbonat
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2
ca kim loi ho tr (II) trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). em c cn dung
dch
thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 13 gam. B. 15 gam. C. 26 gam. D. 30 gam.
Hng dn gii
M
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
RCO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O

2
CO
4,88
n 0,2
22,4
= = mol
Tng n
HCl
= 0,4 mol v
2
H O
n 0,2 mol. =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
23,8 + 0,436,5 = m
mui
+ 0,244 + 0,218
m
mui
= 26 gam. (p n C)
Cu 7: Chia hn hp gm hai anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam H
2
O.
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em t chy hon ton th th
tch kh CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Phn 1: V anehit no n chc nn
2 2
CO H O
n n = = 0,06 mol.

2
CO C
n n 0,06
(phn 2) (phn 2)
= = mol.
Theo bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng ta c:

C C ( A)
n n 0,06
(phn 2)
= = mol.

2
CO ( A)
n = 0,06 mol

2
CO
V = 22,40,06 = 1,344 lt. (p n C)
Cu 8: Cho cc dung dch long : H
2
SO
4
(l), HNO
3
(2), HCOOH (3), CH
3
COOH (4) c cng nng
mol. Dy cc dung dch c xp theo chiu tng dn gi tr pH l:
A. (2), (1), (3), (4) B. (1), (2), (4), (3) C. (1), (2), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (1),
(4)
Cu 9: Cho s phn ng: NaX (r) + H
2
SO
4

o
t
NaHSO
4
+ HX (X l gc axit)
Phn ng trn dng iu ch cc axit:
A. HF, HCl, HBr B. HBr, HI, HF C. HNO
3
, HI, HBr D. HNO
3
, HCl,
HF
Cu 10: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn
ng
hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro
l
15,5. Gi tr ca m l
Hng dn gii
C
n
H
2n+1
CH
2
OH + CuO
o
t
C
n
H
2n+1
CHO + Cu
+
+ H
2
O
Khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim chnh l s gam nguyn t O trong CuO phn ng. Do nhn
c:

3
m
O
= 0,32 gam
O
0,32
n 0,02 mol
16
= =
Hn hp hi gm:
n 2n 1
2
C H CHO : 0,02 mol
H O : 0,02 mol.
+

Vy hn hp hi c tng s mol l 0,04 mol.
C M= 31
m
hh hi
= 31 0,04 = 1,24 gam.
m
ancol
+ 0,32 = m
hh hi

m
ancol
= 1,24 0,32 = 0,92 gam. (p n A)
Ch : Vi ru bc (I) hoc ru bc (II) u tha mn u bi.
Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: CH
4
, CH
3
Cl, CaCl
2
, CaC
2
, (NH
2
)
2
CO, CH
3
CHO, NaCN. S cht hu c c
trong dy l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 12: Cho s phn ng : X Y phenol + Z (Z l cht hu c mch h, mi mi tn ng vi mt
phn ng). Cht X c th l
A. axetilen B. cumen C. metan D. Etan
Cu 13: S lng amin bc hai ng phn cu to ca nhau ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
11
N l
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 14: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng c vi AgNO
3
trong dung dch NH
3
to ra kim loi Ag l:
A. benzanehit, anehit oxalic, mantoz, metyl format. B. axetilen, anehit oxalic, mantoz, metyl
format.
C. benzanehit, anehit oxalic, mantoz, etyl axetat D. benzanehit, anehit oxalic, sacaroz, metyl
format.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacbonxylic n chc cn va V lt O
2
( ktc), thu
c 0,3
mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96 lt. B. 11,2 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
Axit cacbonxylic n chc c 2 nguyn t Oxi nn c th t l RO
2
. Vy:
2 2 2 2
O ( RO ) O (CO ) O (CO ) O ( H O)
n n n n + = +
0,12 + n
O (p.)
= 0,32 + 0,21
n
O (p.)
= 0,6 mol

2
O
n 0,3 mol =

2
O
V 6,72 = lt. (p n C)
Cu 16: (Cu 46 - M 231 - TSC Khi A 2007)
Cho 4,48 lt CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra
hon
ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th
tch
ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l
A. FeO; 75%. B. Fe
2
O
3
; 75%. C. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%. D. Fe
3
O
4
; 65%.
Hng dn gii
Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2

Kh thu c c M 40 = gm 2 kh CO
2
v CO d

2
CO
CO
n 44 12
40
n 28 4

4

2
CO
CO
n
3
n 1
=
2
CO
%V 75% = .
Mt khc:
2
CO ( ) CO
75
n n 0, 2 0,15
100
p.
= = = mol n
CO d
= 0,05 mol.
Thc cht phn ng kh oxit st l do
CO + O
(trong oxit st)
CO
2

n
CO
= n
O
= 0,15 mol m
O
= 0,1516 = 2,4 gam
m
Fe
= 8 2,4 = 5,6 gam n
Fe
= 0,1 mol.
Theo phng trnh phn ng ta c:

2
Fe
CO
n x 0,1 2
n y 0,15 3
= = = Fe
2
O
3
. (p n B)
Cu 17: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v Fe
x
O
y
bng H
2
d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn
hp 2
kim loi. Khi lng H
2
O to thnh l
Hng dn gii
m
O (trong oxit)
= m
oxit
m
kloi
= 24 17,6 = 6,4 gam.

( ) 2
O H O
m 6, 4 = gam ;
2
H O
6, 4
n 0,4
16
= = mol.

2
H O
m 0, 4 18 7,2 = = gam. (p n C)
Cu 18: un hai ru n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C c hn hp ba ete. Ly 0,72 gam mt trong ba
ete
em t chy hon ton thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
v 0,72 gam H
2
O. Hai ru l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. C. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. CH
3
OH v
C
3
H
5
OH.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca mt trong ba ete l C
x
H
y
O, ta c:

C
0,72
m 12 0, 48
44
= = gam ;
H
0,72
m 2 0,08
18
= = gam
m
O
= 0,72 0,48 0,08 = 0,16 gam.

0, 48 0,08 0,16
x : y : 1 : :
12 1 16
= = 4 : 8 : 1.
Cng thc phn t ca mt trong ba ete l C
4
H
8
O.
Cng thc cu to l CH
3
OCH
2
CH=CH
2
.
Vy hai ancol l CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH. (p n D)
Cu 19: Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht
rn
A. Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2
(ktc). Bit
cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l
A. 11,2 lt. B. 21 lt. C. 33 lt. D. 49 lt.
Hng dn gii

5
V
Fe S
30
n n
32
> = nn Fe d v S ht.
Kh C l hn hp H
2
S v H
2
. t C thu c SO
2
v H
2
O. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh phn ng
l Fe v S nhng e, cn O
2
thu e.
Nhng e: Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e

60
mol
56

60
2
56
mol
S S
+4
+ 4e

30
mol
32

30
4
32
mol
Thu e: Gi s mol O
2
l x mol.
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2

x mol 4x
Ta c:
60 30
4x 2 4
56 32
= + gii ra x = 1,4732 mol.

2
O
V 22, 4 1,4732 33 = = lt. (p n C)
Cu 20: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R
1
, R
2
c ho tr x, y khng i (R
1
, R
2
khng tc dng vi nc v
ng
trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
3
HNO

d thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc.
Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c bao nhiu lt N
2
.
Cc th
tch kh o ktc.
A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Trong bi ton ny c 2 th nghim:
TN1: R
1
v R
2
nhng e cho Cu
2+
chuyn thnh Cu sau Cu li nhng e cho
5
N
+
thnh
2
N
+
(NO). S mol e do R
1
v R
2
nhng ra l

5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

0,15 05 , 0
4 , 22
12 , 1
=
TN2: R
1
v R
2
trc tip nhng e cho
5
N
+
to ra N
2
. Gi x l s mol N
2
, th s mol e thu vo l
2
5
N
+
+ 10e
0
2
N
10x x mol
Ta c: 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015

2
N
V = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. (p n B)
Cu 21: SO
2
lun th hin tnh kh khi phn ng vi:
A. O
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
, nc Br
2
B. O
2
, dung dch KOH, nc Br
2

C. H
2
S, dung dch KMnO
4
, nc Br
2
D. O
2
, BaO, nc Br
2


6
Cu 22: Cho cc oxit: SO
2
, NO
2
, CrO
3
, CO
2
, CO, P
2
O
5
. S oxit trong dy tc dng c vi nc iu
kin thng l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3
Cu 23: Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton
A. isopren B. xilen C. cumen D. Propilen
Cu 24: Hai kim loi bn trong khng kh v nc nh c lp mng oxit rt mng bo v l
A. Fe v Al B. Fe v Cr C. Al v Mg D. Al v Cr
Cu 25: Cho cc kim loi: Cu, Ag, Fe, Al, Au. Dy cc kim loi c xp theo chiu gim dn dn
in l
A. Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au B. Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Fe C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al D. Ag, Cu, Fe, Al,
Au
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung
dchY
gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dung dch Z
cho
ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc
phng
n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt. C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12
lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe
3
O
4
0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,4 mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
|

0,1 0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe
2+
: 0,3 mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
3Fe
2+
+ NO
3
+ 4H
+
3Fe
3+
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O
0,3 0,1 0,1 mol
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n 0,05
2

= = mol

3 2
dd Cu( NO )
0,05
V 0,05
1
= = lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
Cu 27: Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 1,49 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii

3
HNO
n 0,12 = mol ;
2 4
H SO
n 0,06 = mol
Tng:
H
n 0, 24
+
= mol v
3
NO
n 0,12
= mol.
Phng trnh ion:
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,1 0,24 0,12 mol
Phn ng: 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,06 mol

7
Sau phn ng: 0,01 (d) (ht) 0,06 (d)
V
NO
= 0,0622,4 = 1,344 lt. (p n A)
Cu 28: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu
kim
loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
Cu + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+

0,005 0,01 mol
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,15 0,03 mol H
+
d
Phn ng: 0,045 0,12 0,03 mol
m
Cu ti a
= (0,045 + 0,005) 64 = 3,2 gam. (p n C)
Cu 29: (Cu 33 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M
v
HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Hng dn gii

2
Ba(OH)
NaOH
n 0,01 mol
n 0,01 mol
=
`
=
)
Tng
OH
n

= 0,03 mol.

2 4
H SO
HCl
n 0,015 mol
n 0,005 mol
=
`
=
)
Tng
H
n
+
= 0,035 mol.
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh ion rt gn:
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
Bt u 0,035 0,03 mol
Phn ng: 0,03 0,03
Sau phn ng:
H ( )
n
d
+
= 0,035 0,03 = 0,005 mol.
Tng: V
dd (sau trn)
= 500 ml (0,5 lt).

0,005
H
0,5
+
( =

= 0,01 = 10
2
pH = 2. (p n B)
Cu 30: Ha tan hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch HNO
3
long. Kt thc phn ng thu
c hn hp kh Y (gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol N
2
O). Bit rng khng c phn ng to
mui
NH
4
NO
3
. S mol HNO
3
phn ng l:
A. 0,75 mol. B. 0,9 mol. C. 1,05 mol. D. 1,2 mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
NO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
2 0,15 0,15
NO
3
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O (2)

8
4 0,1 0,1
2NO
3
+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O (3)
10 0,05 0,05
T (1), (2), (3) nhn c:

3
HNO
H
n n
p
+
=
= 2 0,15 4 0,1 10 0,05 + + = 1,2 mol. (p n D)

Cu 31: Trong t nhin, ng (Cu) tn ti di hai dng ng v
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu . KLNT (xp x khi
lng
trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi loi ng v.
A.
65
Cu: 27,5% ;
63
Cu: 72,5%. B.
65
Cu: 70% ;
63
Cu: 30%.
C.
65
Cu: 72,5% ;
63
Cu: 27,5%. D.
65
Cu: 30% ;
63
Cu: 70%.
Hng dn gii
Gi x l % ca ng v
65
29
Cu ta c phng trnh:
M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 x)
x = 0,275
Vy: ng v
65
Cu chim 27,5% v ng v
63
Cu chim 72,5%. (p n C)
Cu 32: Hn hp kh SO
2
v O
2
c t khi so vi CH
4
bng 3. Cn thm bao nhiu lt O
2
vo 20 lt hn
hp kh
cho t khi so vi CH
4
gim i 1/6, tc bng 2,5. Cc hn hp kh cng iu kin nhit v p
sut.
A. 10 lt. B. 20 lt. C. 30 lt. D. 40 lt.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Gi x l % th tch ca SO
2
trong hn hp ban u, ta c:
M = 163 = 48 = 64.x + 32(1 x)
x = 0,5
Vy: mi kh chim 50%. Nh vy trong 20 lt, mi kh chim 10 lt.
Gi V l s lt O
2
cn thm vo, ta c:

64 10 32(10 V)
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+ +
' = = =
+
.
Gii ra c V = 20 lt. (p n B)
Cch 2:
Ghi ch: C th coi hn hp kh nh mt kh c KLPT chnh bng KLPT trung bnh ca hn hp, v
d, c th xem khng kh nh mt kh vi KLPT l 29.
Hn hp kh ban u coi nh kh th nht (20 lt c M = 163 = 48), cn O
2
thm vo coi nh kh
th hai, ta c phng trnh:

48 20 32V
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+
= = =
+
,
Rt ra V = 20 lt. (p n B)
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton x mol CuFeS
2
bng dung dch HNO
3
c, nng (d) sinh ra y mol NO
2
(sm
phm kh duy nht). Lin h ng gia x v y l :
A. y = 17x B. x = 15y C. x = 17y D. y = 15x
Cu 34: Dy gm nhng polime c to ra bng phng php tng ngng l

9
A. nilon-6, nilon-7, nilon-6,6 B. polibutaien, t axetat, nilon-6,6
C. polibutaien, t nitron, nilon-6,6 D. t nitron, t axetat, nilon-6,6
Cu 35: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl
3
. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. ch c kt ta keo trng.
C. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
Cu 36: Trong phng th nghim, iu ch mt lng nh kh X tinh khit, ngi ta un nng dung
dch amoni nitrit bo ho. Kh X l
A. NO. B. NO
2
. C. N
2
O. D. N
2
.
Cu 37: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
v FeCO
3
trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A. Fe
3
O
4
. B. FeO. C. Fe. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
Cu 38: Cho cc phn ng sau:
a) FeO + HNO
3 (c, nng)
b) FeS + H
2
SO
4 (c, nng)

c) Al
2
O
3
+ HNO
3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl
3

e) CH
3
CHO + H
2
f) glucoz + AgNO
3
(hoc Ag
2
O) trong dung dch NH
3

g) C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
h) glixerol (glixerin) + Cu(OH)
2

Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A. a, b, d, e, f, h. B. a, b, d, e, f, g. C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, c, d, e, g.
Cu 39: (Cu 1 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH nm 2007)
Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br
2

0,5M.
Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng
thc
phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. C. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v
C
3
H
8
.
Hng dn gii

hh X
4,48
n 0, 2
22, 4
= = mol
n 1,4 0,5 0,7
2
Br ban u
= = mol

0,7
n
2
2
Br p.ng
= = 0,35 mol.
Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng 6,7 gam l s gam ca hirocabon khng no. t CTTB ca hai
hirocacbon mch h l
n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
( a l s lin kt t trung bnh).
Phng trnh phn ng:

n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
+
2
aBr
n 2n 2 2a 2a
C H Br
+

0,2 mol 0,35 mol

0,35
a
0, 2
= = 1,75

6,7
14n 2 2a
0,2
+ = n = 2,5.
Do hai hirocacbon mch h phn ng hon ton vi dung dch Br
2
nn chng u l hirocacbon
khng no. Vy hai hirocacbon l C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. (p n B)
Cu 40: Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh
Cl
2


10
d vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5 gam mui khan. Khi lng
NaCl c
trong hn hp X l
Hng dn gii
Kh Cl
2
d ch kh c mui NaI theo phng trnh
2NaI + Cl
2
2NaCl + I
2

C 1 mol NaI to thnh 1 mol NaCl
Khi lng mui gim 127 35,5 = 91,5 gam.
Vy: 0,5 mol Khi lng mui gim 104,25 58,5 = 45,75 gam.
m
NaI
= 1500,5 = 75 gam
m
NaCl
= 104,25 75 = 29,25 gam. (p n A)
Cu 41: (Cu 15 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit
hu
c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. HCCCOOH. D.
CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
Hng dn gii
t CTTQ ca axit hu c X n chc l RCOOH.
2RCOOH + CaCO
3
(RCOO)
2
Ca + CO
2
|
+ H
2
O
C 2 mol axit phn ng to mui th khi lng tng (40 2) = 38 gam.
x mol axit (7,28 5,76) = 1,52 gam.
x = 0,08 mol
RCOOH
5,76
M 72
0,08
= = R = 27
Axit X: CH
2
=CHCOOH. (p n A)
Cu 42: Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1,5M. Mui to thnh v khi
lng
tng ng l
A. 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 32,8 gam Na
3
PO
4
. B. 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 16,4 gam
Na
3
PO
4
.
C. 12 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
. D. 24 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam
Na
2
HPO
4
.
Hng dn gii
C:
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n 0, 25 2 5
1 2
n 0, 2 1,5 3
< = = <

to ra hn hp 2 mui: NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
.
S ng cho:

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n
2
n 1
=
2 4 2 4
Na HPO NaH PO
n 2n =
2 4 1
2 4 2
5 2
Na HPO n 2 1
3 3
5
n
3
5 1
NaH PO n 1 2
3 3
= =
=
= =

11
M:
2 4 2 4 3 4
Na HPO NaH PO H PO
n n n 0,3 + = = mol

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n 0, 2 mol
n 0,1 mol
=

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
m 0,2 142 28, 4 gam
n 0,1 120 12 gam
= =
= =
(p n C)
Cu 43: Phenyl axetat c iu ch bng phn ng gia
A. phenol vi axit axetic B. phenol vi anhirit axetic C. phenol vi axetanetic D. phenol vi
axeton
Cu 44: Cho mt pin in ha c to bi cp oxi ha kh Fe
2+/
Fe v Ag
+
/Ag. Phn ng xy ra cc
m ca pin in ha ( kc) l
A. Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e B. Fe
2+
+ 2e Fe C. Ag
+
+ 1e Ag D. Ag Ag
+
+
1e
Cu 45: Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO
4
8% pha
thnh
280 gam dung dch CuSO
4
16%?
A. 180 gam v 100 gam. B. 330 gam v 250 gam. C. 60 gam v 220 gam. D. 40 gam v 240
gam.
Hng dn gii
4 2
160
250
CuSO .5H O
Ta coi CuSO
4
.5H
2
O nh l dung dch CuSO
4
c:
C% =
160 100
250
=64%.
Gi m
1
l khi lng ca CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v m
2
l khi lng ca dung dch CuSO
4
8%.
Theo s ng cho:

1
2
m 8 1
m 48 6
= = .
Mt khc m
1
+ m
2
= 280 gam.
Vy khi lng CuSO
4
.5H
2
O l:
m
1
=
280
1
1 6
+
= 40 gam
v khi lng dung dch CuSO
4
8% l:
m
2
= 280 40 = 240 gam. (p n D)
Cu 46: (Cu 21 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4. C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 :
4.
Hng dn gii
Trn a mol AlCl
3
vi b mol NaOH thu c kt ta th
1
2
(m ) 64 8 16 8
16
(m ) 8 64 16 48
=
=

12

3
3 2 2
3
2 2
Al3 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) OH AlO 2H O
Al 4OH AlO 2H O
a 4 mol
+
+

+
+
+ +
+ +

kt ta tan hon ton th

3
OH
Al
n
n

+
> 4
b
a
> 4.
Vy c kt ta th
b
a
< 4
a : b > 1 : 4. (p n D)
Cu 47: (Cu 37 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a
mol
NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l
A. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH. C. CH
3
COOH. D. HOOCCOOH.
Hng dn gii
- t a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
axit hu c Y c hai nguyn t C trong phn t.
- Trung ha a mol axit hu c Y cn dng 2a mol NaOH axit hu c Y c 2 nhm chc
cacboxyl (COOH).
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l HOOCCOOH. (p n D)
Cu 48: Cng thc phn t ca mt ancol A l C
n
H
m
O
x
. cho A l ancol no th m phi c gi tr
A. m = 2n. B. m = 2n + 2. C. m = 2n 1. D. m = 2n + 1.
Hng dn gii
Theo phng php ng nht h s: Cng thc tng qut ca ancol no l C
n
H
2n+2-x
(OH)
x
hay
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
. Vy m = 2n+2. (p n B)
Cu 49: t chy 1 mol aminoaxit NH
2
(CH
2
)
n
COOH phi cn s mol O
2
l
A.
2n 3
.
2
+
B.
6n 3
.
2
+
C.
6n 3
.
4
+
D.
2n 3
.
4
+

Hng dn gii
Phng trnh t chy amino axit l
H
2
N(CH
2
)
n
COOH +
6n 3
4
+
O
2
(n + 1)CO
2
+
2n 3
2
+
H
2
O
(p n C)
Cu 50: (Cu 1 - M 231 - Khi A - TSC 2007)
Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)
2
bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% thu c dung dch
mui
trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol M(OH)
2
tham gia phn ng
M(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
C (M + 34) gam 98 gam (M + 96) gam

13

2 4
dd H SO
98 100
m 490 gam
20
= =
( )
( )
4
dd MSO
M 96 100
m M 34 490
27, 21
+
= + + =
M = 64 M l Cu. (p n A)

DH 1 (Da)

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DH 1 (Da)

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Tuyn tp luyn thi i hc mn Ha http://phuongphaphoctap.

= 2 0,15 4 0,1 10 0,05 + + = 1,2 mol. (p n D)

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