J

Semantics
of Russian and Bulgarian
Deverbal Nouns
(ending in -nie and -ne)
RealSci Current Issues
Section 10.10
Linguistics
Eurasia Academic Publishers
Sofia 1999
a`
a`
2
CRADINAROVA, Alla A. Semantics ol Russian and Bul-
garian Deverbal Nouns (ending in -nie and -ne). Solia: Eurasia
Academic Publishers, J999, J42 p.
ISBN 954-628-026-7
RSCI Digital Science Pages:
10.10.560: Language > Linguistics > Comparative linguistics
10.00.320: Language > Fundamentals > Word construction
10.42.900: Language > Russian > Historical developments
10.40.900: Language > Bulgarian > Historical developments
Home Page Web Address:
English Server
http://members.vavo.com/eurasia/deverbal
Downloadable PDF format
Index entry at Academic Resources Channel:
http://www.realsci.com/index.cfm?KW=gradinarova
The author is Associate Professor in the Department of Russian Language,
Sofia University.
Copyright 1999 Gradinarova A.A.
Copyright 1999 by Eurasia Academic Publishers.
No part of this book can be reproduced or distributed in any form without
prior written permission from the publisher.
Lyulin 331 A
Sofia 1336
359 (02) 24 15 23
E-mail: eurasia@realsci.com
3
CEMAHTHKA OTIAIOLHLX
CYHECTBHTELHLX B PYCCKOM H
EOIAPCKOM H3LKAX
(nxena na - n -)
RealSci Cuiienl Issues
Pa:en 10.10
Linguistics
Eurasia Academic Publishers
Sofia 1999
a`
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4
Ipannapona, A. A. Ce+anmuka ome:aeo:tnux cyuecmeu-
me:tnux e pyccko+ u 6o:eapcko+ nsukax (u+ena na -nue
u -ne). Conx: Enpasnx, J999, J42 c.
ISBN 954-628-026-7
RSCI Digital Science Pages:
10.10.560: Language > Linguistics > Comparative linguistics
10.00.320: Language > Fundamentals > Word construction
10.42.900: Language > Russian > Historical developments
10.40.900: Language > Bulgarian > Historical developments
Home Page Web Address:
English Server
http://members.vavo.com/eurasia/deverbal
Downloadable PDF format
Index entry at Academic Resources Channel:
http://www.realsci.com/index.cfm?KW=gradinarova
An1os1 e oen1 n Hsna xa1ea no Pycxn e:nx, 4axyn1e1 no Cna-
nxncxn qnnonoinn, Coqncxn ynnnecn1e1 Cn. Kn. Oxncxn.
Copyright 1999 Gradinarova A.A.
Copyright 1999 by Eurasia Academic Publishers.
No part of this book can be reproduced or distributed in any form without
prior written permission from the publisher.
Lyulin 331 A
Sofia 1336
359 (02) 24 15 23
E-mail: eurasia@realsci.com
5
Annotation
Semantics of the Russian and Bulgarian deverbal nouns
(ending in - and -)
The study compares the meanings ol the contemporary
Russian and Bulgarian parallels in -nue (-enue), as well as the
results ol these semantic changes taken place in the deverbal
nouns ol the category under consideration. The role ol Russian
language lor the development ol words in Bulgarian literary
language ending in -nue (-enue), as well as some degree ol
dependence in the semantics ol Bulgarian nouns on the deve-
lopment ol the meaning ol their Russian parallels are demon-
strated by examples lrom the history ol individual Russian and
Bulgarian equivalents. Attention is paid to the modern tendency
ol substantivation ol some ol the Bulgarian nouns ending in
-ne (-ene).
a`
6
Hac+oxmax pao+a tna ocyxena na kaepe pyccko-
ro xstka akynt+e+a cnanxncknx nnonorn Conckoro
ynnnepcn+e+a n pekoxenonana k nena+n n J992 r.
7
Bneenne
I. O+rnarontnte cymec+nn+entnte na -nue
J
coc+annxm+
omnpnt nekcnneckn nnac+ kak n pycckox, +ak n n on-
rapckox nn+epa+ypntx xstkax. Pyccknx nxenax c ++nx cy-
nkcox nocnxmena snann+entnax no orexy nn+epa+ypa.
Ocoennoc+n cexan+nkn, c+pyk+ypt, ynknnonnponannx
++nx cymec+nn+entntx e+antno nccneonannct n nnane
cnnxponnn n naxponnn
2
.
Hn+epec k onrapcknx nxenax c cynkcaxn -nue n -ne
3
noepxnnae+cx na npo+xxennn neckontknx ecx+nne+n.
B pxe nocnxmenntx nx c+a+e n o+entntx naparpaon
nccneonann onrapcknx xstkoneon o+xenam+cx cnono-
opasona+entnte, cexan+nneckne, c+nnnc+nneckne cnoc+na
++nx cymec+nn+entntx, ocoennoc+n nx nponcxoxennx n
yno+penennx n coc+ane npenoxennx. Osop nocnxmenntx
onrapcknx nxenax na -nue n -ne xa+epnanon, nsanntx o
cepennt XX c+one+nx, coepxn+cx, nanpnxep, n c+a+te
Xp. Htpnena O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena n na-
ma+a rpaxa+nnna nn+epa+ypa
4
. Hs pao+ nocnenero npe-
xenn neoxonxo o+xe+n+t nccneonannx . Anpennna,
C. Cnacono-Mnxanono, T. Hannona, M. Mockona, E. Ie-
oprneno, C+. C+oxnona, . nxona, K. Honona, Cn. Hnan-
nena
5
n nek. p. o cnx nop, onako, onrapnc+nka ne pacno-
narae+ oc+a+onno nonntxn, xonorpannecknxn nccneo-
nannxxn, nocnxmenntxn cnxsanntx c o+rnarontntxn cy-
mec+nn+entntxn na -nue n -ne nponexax. Heko+opte
ntckastnaexte an+opaxn nonoxennx kaxy+cx cnopntxn
nnn neoc+a+onno oocnonanntxn, ne no+nepxenntxn
neoxonxtx konnnec+nox nnnmc+pa+nnnoro xstkonoro
xa+epnana.
a`
8
Hccneonannx n onac+n cexan+nkn onrapcknx cyme-
c+nn+entntx c cynkcaxn -nue n -ne ocnoxnxm+cx +ex
oc+ox+entc+nox, n+o +onkonte cnonapn onrapckoro xst-
ka, ncknmnax ntxoxmn n nac+oxmee npexx xnoro+oxnt
akaexnneckn Pennnk na rnrapcknx esnk, o+paxam+
snanennx ++nx nxen onent nenonno n no xnornx cnynaxx
ne+onno. Tex ne xenee ora+t xa+epnan nx nsynennx ce-
xan+nkn cnon c nasnanntxn cynkcaxn coepxa+ cnonap-
nte kap+o+ekn (kap+o+eka conpexennoro onrapckoro xst-
ka, kap+o+eka onrapckoro xstka nepnoa Bospoxennx,
kap+o+eka +epxnnon), xpanxmnecx n Hnc+n+y+e onrapcko-
ro xstka npn Bonrapcko akaexnn nayk.
Cexan+nka onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue n co-
noc+annennn co snanennxxn nx pyccknx napannene o cnx
nop ne xnnxnact npexe+ox e+antnoro nccneonannx nn n
cnnxponnox, nn n naxponnneckox nnane.
B nac+oxme pao+e conoc+annxm+cx snanennx conpe-
xenntx pyccknx n onrapcknx napannene na -nue, +. e. cpan-
nnnam+cx pesynt+a+t +ex cexan+nnecknx nsxenenn, ko+o-
pte npe+epnenn n nyx cnanxncknx xstkax cymec+nn+ent-
nte ++o cnonoopasona+entno ka+eropnn. Pont pycckoro
xstka n pacnpoc+panennn n onrapcko nn+epa+ype cnon c
cynkcox -nue, a +akxe nsnec+nax sanncnxoc+t cexan+n-
kn onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx o+ pasnn+nx snanenn nx
pyccknx napannene nnnmc+pnpye+cx na npnxepax cexan-
+nnecko nc+opnn o+entntx pyccknx n onrapcknx coo+-
ne+c+nn.
Pasnn+ne ka+eropnn cnon c cynkcox -nue n onrap-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke +ecno cnxsano c ynknnonnpo-
nannex n penn o+rnarontntx opasonann na -ne. B nocne-
nne ecx+nne+nx XIX neka nannnne n xstke ++oro paspxa
cymec+nn+entntx onpeenxe+ ocnonnym nnnnm cexan+n-
necko +nonmnnn pacnpoc+pannnmnxcx n onrapcko nn-
+epa+ype nxen na -nue. B +o xe npexx npn+ok n nn+epa+yp-
nym pent ontmoro konnnec+na cnon, ntpaxammnx cnxsan-
nte c cexan+nko xo+nnnpymmero rnarona ac+pak+nte n
konkpe+nte snanennx, okastnae+cx naxntx ycnonnex nx
coxpanennx cexan+nnecko nenonnxnoc+n caxo ka+e-
ropnn cymec+nn+entntx na -ne. B conpexennox xstke, o-
nako, neko+opte ns ++nx nxen pasnnnam+ nonte, nernaront-
nte snanennx. Onpeenennoe nnnxanne yenxe+cx n pao+e
9
conpexenno +enennnn k cyc+an+nnannn nsnec+no
nac+n o+rnarontntx opasonann c cynkcox -ne.
Hccneonannex n nac+oxme pao+e tnn oxnanent
onrapckne o+rnarontnte cymec+nn+entnte na -nue, sank-
cnponannte Opa+ntx cnonapex conpexennoro onrap-
ckoro xstka
6
(okono 600 ennnn
7
), n nx pycckne napannenn.
K nccneonannm npnnnekannct n neko+opte ne o+xenen-
nte ykasanntx cnonapex, no ncnontsonanmnecx n nn+epa-
+ype XIX neka cymec+nn+entnte (okono 20 ennnn) n pyc-
ckne napannenn ++nx cnon. Hxena c cynkcox -ne, cexan-
+nka ko+optx anannsnpye+cx n pao+e, tnn nsnnenent ns
oporpannecknx cnonape conpexennoro onrapckoro xst-
ka.
Hockontky, kak yxe tno o+xeneno, onncanne cnonapx-
xn snanenn onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue n -ne
nentsx cnn+a+t nonntx n yonne+nopn+entntx, cexan+n-
ka ++nx nxen onpeenxnact n snann+entno c+enenn na ocno-
nannn npnxepon yno+penennx ++nx cnon (no anntx kap-
+o+ek Hnc+n+y+a onrapckoro xstka npn Bonrapcko aka-
exnn nayk, coc+nenno kap+o+ekn an+opa), ontmoe sna-
nenne nxenn koncynt+annn c nocn+enxxn onrapckoro xstka.
II. Hc+opnx o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue n
pycckox n onrapckox nn+epa+ypntx xstkax onapyxnna-
e+ xnoro cxontx nep+ n onontno cymec+nenntx pasnn-
nn. Ienesnc ++o ka+eropnn o+rnarontntx nxen n snann-
+entno c+enenn okastnae+cx oycnonnenntx nponeccaxn
nc+opnneckoro nsanxoec+nnx n nsanxonnnxnnx onrap-
ckoro n pycckoro xstkon. Xopomo nsnec+no, nanpnxep, n+o
ak+nnnsannx anno cnonoopasona+entno xoenn n pen-
nepycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cnxsana c cnntnemnx nnn-
xnnex penneonrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka, n ko+opox
xoent na -nue nonynnna cnoe antnemee cexan+nneckoe
pasnn+ne n o+nnnanact ntcoko npoyk+nnnoc+tm. pen-
nepycckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk sanxc+nonan +akxe snann-
+entnoe konnnec+no opasonanntx no ++o xoenn rene+n-
necknx penneonrapnsxon. C nnnxnnex nepkonnocnanxn-
ckoro n pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka cnxsano mnpokoe
pacnpoc+panenne cymec+nn+entntx c nasnanntx cynk-
cox n onrapcknx nn+epa+ypntx connnennxx XIX neka. XIX
c+one+ne, n nepno nononnne ko+oporo sanepmae+cx opa-
J0
sonanne ennoro pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka, a nponecc
opxnponannx nonoonrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka c+a-
nonn+cx onee nn+encnnntx, xnnxe+cx onent naxntx ne-
pnoox n nc+opnn pyccknx n onrapcknx nxen na -nue.
B pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke na npo+xxennn XIX neka
n onac+n opasonannx nn+epecymmnx nac cymec+nn+ent-
ntx nponcxox+ nponecct, cnxsannte c nsxenennex cno-
noopasona+entno ak+nnnoc+n o+entntx no+nnon an-
no xoenn
8
. Cnonoopasona+entnax asa nx nponsnoc+na
cymec+nn+entntx: na -nue npoonxae+ oc+ana+tcx onent
mnpoko: cynkc npncoennxe+cx k rnarontntx ocnonax
conepmennoro n neconepmennoro nna, ec+nn+entnoro n
c+paa+entnoro sanora, k ocnonax pasnnnntx rnarontntx
knaccon, npenkcantntx n ecnpenkcntx. Onako yxent-
menne, ynennnenne nnn coxpanenne npoyk+nnnoc+n cnono-
opasonannx o+ +ex nnn nntx rnarontntx ocnon naxon+cx
n +ecno sanncnxoc+n o+ c+pyk+ypntx ocoennoc+e no-
cnennx. Ocnonntx, orennxmmnx nce no+nnt xoenn
n ntxoxmnx sa ee npeent cexan+nnecknx nponeccox ++o-
ro nepnoa tn nponecc yxentmennx c+enenn rnarontno-
c+n opasonanntx o+ rnaronon cymec+nn+entntx, ocnane-
nnx cexan+nnecko cnxsn xexy nxenex n coo+ne+c+nym-
me rnarontno ocnono. B paxkax ++oro omero nx ncex
o+rnarontntx nxen nanpannennx nx cexan+nneckoro pasnn-
+nx co n+opo ne+nep+n XIX neka nannnae+cx nponecc pas-
pymennx nnono npo+nnonoc+annennoc+n onokopenntx
cymec+nn+entntx, opasonanntx o+ ocnon conepmennonn-
ontx rnaronon c npnc+ankaxn n coo+nocn+entntx c nnxn
ocnon neconepmennoro nna na -ea-, -uea-
9
. B xstke XVIII
neka +akne napannentnte opasonannx tnn onent xnoro-
nncnennt
J0
. B ontmox konnnec+ne onn nkcnpym+cx Cno-
napex pycckoro xstka XVIII neka. Cx., nanpnxep: ntpo-
menne ntpactnanne n ntpamnnanne, ntxynenne nt-
xynnnanne, nckonanne nckontnanne, nenanne nent-
nanne, nckonenne nckaknnanne, nnanenne nnannnanne,
nnxsanne nnxstnanne n +.. Cnonapt Akaexnn Poccn-
cko +akxe o+xenae+ cymec+nonanne n xstke +aknx nap: na-
enenne naennnanne, nepenxsanne nepenxstnanne, nt-
nncanne ntnnctnanne, pacnaxanne pacnaxnnanne, ne-
xanne nernnanne, paspocanne paspactnanne, nsnys-
anne nsnystnanne n no. Cp. +akxe nx ncnontsonanne:
JJ
Hmennna, nocne +ma+entnaro ntnexnnx n nocexnnx, n+o
nce noc+oponnnx sepna o+enn+t, ntxtnae+cx (B. A. en-
mnn, Cnonapt nonapennt.., J797); Hon+opxx ntnenanne,
onnc+n+t onym [poxt] o+ ntnn (Cnonapt pynno na+ypant-
no nc+opnn.., nepen. c p. xs. .Bacnnnex enmnntx, J788);
C+eent nonnxae+cx nneptx, onnnaxct no nnnntx +t-
nnnax, n+tkaextx naponno nx noepxannx onaro (py-
xeckoe nneenne k nosnannm npnpot.., J793); K yone-
mexy noepxnnannm pac+ennx (4nnoconx o+annkn..,
J800). Hapannentnoe ynknnonnponanne n xstke noontx
cymec+nn+entntx noepxnnano nx +ecnym cexan+nneckym
cnxst c npo+nnonoc+annenntxn no nny nponsnoxmnxn
rnarontntxn ocnonaxn. B ycnonnxx nnono koppenxnnn
nponsnontx nxen nocnenne coxpanxnn n cnoe cexan+n-
ke conepmennonnonte n neconepmennonnonte rnaront-
nte snanennx kpa+koc+t nnn nn+entnoc+t ec+nnx, ero
sakonnennoc+t nnn nesakonnennoc+t n +.. Onako yxe n
nanane XIX neka opasonanne nxen na -nue o+ ocnon nep-
ek+nnntx rnaronon c npnc+ankaxn, coo+nocn+entntx c
ocnonaxn rnaronon neconepmennoro nna na -ea-,-uea-, +e-
pxe+ cnom npoyk+nnnoc+t. Hpekpamae+cx nponecc npons-
noc+na nontx cnon, ntxox+ ns yno+penennx xnorne cno-
ono ncnontsymmnecx n XVIII neke cymec+nn+entnte +nna
pasnapenne, ntc+penenne, cospenne, okonanne, yronopenne,
ntnponoxenne n +.n. Hpnnnno n ycnonnex coxpanennx n
xstke noontx opasonann xorno xnnx+tcx nannnne y
nponsnoxmero rnarona nepenocntx, o+nnenenntx snanenn,
c ko+optxn yc+anannnnanact n sakpennxnact cexan+nne-
ckax coo+nocn+entnoc+t nponsnontx cymec+nn+entntx. B
++ox cnynae napannentnte opasonannx o+ ocnon neconep-
mennonnontx rnaronon na -ea-, -uea- okastnannct cexan-
+nneckn cnxsanntxn c npxxtxn, konkpe+ntxn snanennx-
xn rnaronon. Cp.: C+nxo+nopen o+an cnom +parenm na
paccxo+penne nsnec+noxy kpn+nky (Hymknn, O+ptnkn ns
nncex, xtcnn n saxenannx) n Tonapnm npokypopa <...>
no+peonan, npexe paccxa+pnnantx nemec+nenntx oka-
sa+entc+n, npon+ennx npanenoro nccneonannx +pyna (.
Tonc+o, Bockpecenne). Paspymenne cexan+nneckoro napan-
nennsxa xexy nxenaxn, opasonanntxn o+ ocnon coo+-
nocn+entntx no nny rnaronon, cnococ+nye+ yckopennoxy
pasnn+nm snanenn ++nx cymec+nn+entntx. B opasonann-
J2
xx o+ rnaronon conepmennoro nna rnarontnax ocnona, ne
necymax n cee snanennx nponeccyantnoc+n, ne xemae+ pas-
nn+nm y cymec+nn+entnoro pesynt+a+nnno-o+nnenenntx n
npexe+ntx snanenn. Cp. cexan+nneckym +nonmnnm +a-
knx cnon, kak orpannnenne, nokasanne, npeckasanne, nstc-
kanne n no. Hponsnoc+no cymec+nn+entntx o+ neconep-
mennonnontx rnarontntx ocnon na -ea-, -uea- ne +ontko
coxpanxe+, no n ynennnnnae+ cnom npoyk+nnnoc+t. Ona-
ko c+enent rnarontnoc+n nx cexan+nkn yxentmae+cx. 3+o-
xy cnococ+nye+ ntxo ns yno+penennx xnornx napannent-
ntx opasonann o+ ocnon rnaronon conepmennoro nna,
y+pa+a nnono npo+nnonoc+annennoc+n nxen
JJ
.
Vxentmenne rnarontnoc+n nanmae+cx n XIX neke n n
cexan+nke npoonxammnx oc+ana+tcx npoyk+nnntxn
(xo+x n n xentme c+enenn, nex n XVIII neke) opasonann
o+ ocnon ecnpnc+anonntx neconepmennonnontx rnaro-
non c cynkcox -a- (pmsxanne, nenexnne, xepnanne n
no.). Ananornnnax +enennnx o+xenae+cx n n pasnn+nn
cexan+nkn cymec+nn+entntx, opasonanntx o+ ecnpnc+a-
nonntx rnaronon neconepmennoro nna na -umt n -emt (co-
nenne, cymenne, cxo+penne n no.). Hpoonxae+cx pasnn-
+ne y ++nx nxen nenponeccyantntx snanenn, n cnonx ne-
rnarontntx snanennxx ak+nnno ncnontsym+cx cymec+nn+ent-
nte, pasnnnmne nx n onee pannne nepnot (nnaenne,
xynenne n p.), neko+opte nxena y+pannnam+ snanenne e-
c+nnx (nanp. +nopenne). Mnorne cnoono ynknnonnpym-
mne n xstke XVIII neka cymec+nn+entnte, opasonannte
o+ rnaronon neconepmennoro nna na -amt, -umt, -emt, ne-
pec+am+ ncnontsona+tcx (nmnenne, rpymenne, onenne,
xenxnne, rnanne, nopnenne n no.). nmt onpeenennax
nac+t noontx ntxoxmnx ns yno+penennx cnon nxena n
xstke cnnonnxnnnte onokopennte, npoonxammne ak+nn-
no ncnontsona+tcx cymec+nn+entnte. Cp.: xenxnne xena,
rnanne ronka, nopnenne nopna n +.n. C yxoox pyrnx
cnon xstk y+pannnan nosxoxnoc+t oosnanennx o+nnenen-
noro, onpexenennoro ec+nnx no snanennxx coo+ne+c+ny-
mmnx rnaronon. Tak, nocne ntxoa ns yno+penennx cnon
kpnnanne, nmnenne, onenne, myxnenne n no. n xstke
oc+annct nnmt onokopennte nxena c nnmenntxn rnaront-
noc+n snanennxxn (kpnk, nmont, onesnt, myx)
J2
.
J3
Btcoko npoyk+nnnoc+tm xapak+epnsonannct n xstke
XIX neka cymec+nn+entnte, opasonannte o+ ocnon rnaro-
non na -oea-, -cmeoea- (opononanne, cornaconanne, pnco-
nanne, opc+nonanne; cp. +akxe opasonannx o+ ocnon sa-
nxc+nonanntx rnaronon koxnnek+onanne, mnnonanne,
+pak+onanne n no.), a +akxe nxena, nponsneennte o+ nno-
xstnntx rnaronon c cynkcox -upoea- (xnnnponanne, ana-
+oxnponanne, eknaxnponanne n no.). Xapak+epno oco-
ennoc+tm nepenncnenntx nxen tna nx sakpennennoc+t
sa knnxntxn c+nnxxn n cnoconoc+t k nerko +epxnnono-
rnsannn. C+nnnc+nneckn orpannneno yno+penenne
cymec+nn+entntx, opasonanntx o+ rnaronon na -nuuamt,
+nna paxnnnanne, xonnnanne. Hpnnnno noontx orpa-
nnnenn ntc+ynae+ onenonnoc+t ++nx nxen n cnxsannax c
ne okpacka pasronopnoc+n
J3
.
Hponecc ocnanennx snanennx rnarontnoc+n n nponsno-
ntx cymec+nn+entntx xenee ncero tn omy+nx n rpynne
nxen, opasonanntx o+ ocnon conepmennonnontx rnaro-
non c cynkcox -u-, coo+nocn+entntx c ocnonaxn rnaro-
non neconepmennoro nna na -a-. eno n +ox, n+o ++n cyme-
c+nn+entnte noome o+nnnannct xentme c+enentm rna-
rontnoc+n snanennx no cpannennm c pyrnxn rpynnaxn nxen
na -nue. Onn onnakono coo+nocx+cx kak c rnaronaxn co-
nepmennoro nna, +ak n c nx neconepmennonnontxn kop-
penx+axn, npoxnnxx +aknx opasox nnnepen+noc+t no
o+nomennm k nepek+nnntx n nxnepek+nnntx snanenn-
xx rnarontno ocnont. Cymec+nn+entnte nasnanno rpyn-
nt ne onapyxnnam+ sanncnxoc+n n o+ sanorontx snane-
nn rnarona. Cp.: oynenne oynn+t oyna+t, oynn+t-
cx oyna+tcx; o+npannenne o+npann+t o+npannx+t,
o+npann+tcx o+npannx+tcx; +akax xe coo+nocn+entnoc+t
y cnon npeoxpanenne, nepecenenne n no. Onnakonax cnxst
kak c rnaronaxn c nosnpa+no xopexo -cn, +ak n c rnaro-
naxn es -cn oycnonnnnae+ nannnne n noontx nxenax
napxy co snanennex o+nnenennoro ec+nnx n snanennx
coc+oxnnx (cx. cexan+nky cnon nonnnenne, ooramenne,
sa+exnenne, yrnynenne n no.). Hxena paccxa+pnnaexo
rpynnt n n onee pannne +noxn cnoono pasnnnann pas-
nnnnoro poa pesynt+a+nnnte snanennx. B XIX neke npo-
necc opasonannx y ++nx cnon npexe+ntx snanenn npo-
onxae+cx. Onent nac+o cexan+nneckax c+pyk+ypa
J4
nponsnonoro cymec+nn+entnoro cknatnae+cx ns snanenn
rnarontntx n nernarontntx (noxemenne, nopasenenne,
ocnamenne, yromenne, onnnenne, o+npannenne, nocnxme-
nne n p.)
J4
.
B onrapcknx nnctxenntx naxx+nnkax XIX neka mnpoko
npec+annent pacnpoc+panennte n napono penn o+rnaront-
nte nxena c cynkcox -ne, nocxoxmnx k penneonrapcko-
xy -una one+nneckoxy napnan+y cynkca -uua. Hapo-
noe cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne xorno t+t opasonano o+
nmoro rnarona neconepmennoro nna, nesanncnxo o+ c+pyk-
+ypntx pasnnnn neconepmennonnontx ocnon. Cp.: nn-
nane, nanannane, xnnnane, xnrane, xprkane, npeckanane,
nene, kanene, xnrnene, xanene, xnnexne, opnnkane, +pon-
kane, nrro+ene n no. Cx. +akxe cymec+nn+entnte, ko+o-
pte opasym+cx o+ pacnpoc+panenntx n napono penn
rnaronon, sanxc+nonanntx ns rpeneckoro n +ypenkoro xst-
kon: apecnane, ckonacnane, +nkxcnane; capncnane, ac+nc-
nane, kancnane n no.
Hnnex ne orpannnennoe cnononponsnoc+no nxen na -ne
o+ ocnon neconepmennonnontx rnaronon nosnonxe+ knann-
nnnpona+t ++n nxena kak rnarontnte opxt n nknmna+t
nx n rnarontnoe cnpxxenne. 3+a ocoennoc+t opasonannx
cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -ne coxpanxe+cx n n conpe-
xennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke, nxemmex nos-
xoxnoc+t ntpaxennx o+nnenennoro ec+nnx no snanennm
nmoro rnarona neconepmennoro nna. B nekcnnecko xe
cnc+exe conpexennoro pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka npn
xnornx neconepmennonnontx rnaronax kne+onkn, npe-
nasnanennte nx cnon, ko+opte oosnanam+ coo+ne+c+ny-
mmee ec+nne ac+pak+no, nyc+ym+ (cx. ntme).
B onrapckox xstke XIX neka o+xenae+cx ontmoe ko-
nnnec+no onokopenntx, cexan+nneckn +oxec+nenntx cy-
mec+nn+entntx na -ne, opasymmnxcx o+ neconepmenno-
nnontx rnarontntx ocnon c pasnnnntxn cynkcaxn:
nonynanJ n non1nJ (o+ nonynaxt n non1u), nnrnanJ,
nnrynanJ n nnrunJ (o+ nnrnaxt, nnrnaxcx,
nnrynaxt, nnrynaxcx n nnruxt, nnruxcx),
osn1punanJ n osn1punJ (o+ osn1punaxcx n osn1puxcx),
nsnnnmnanJ n nsnnnunJ (o+ nsnnnmnaxt n nsnnnuxt)
n no. (Cn. Iepona).
J5
Ocnonnoe nasnanenne cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox
-ne ntpaxenne o+nnenennoro ec+nnx no cexan+nke
coo+ne+c+nymmero rnarona. 3nanenne nxen na -ne o+nn-
nae+cx xpko ntpaxenno rnarontnoc+tm, nponeccyantno-
c+tm. Tex ne xenee axe ++n cymec+nn+entnte cnocont
pasnnna+t konkpe+no-npexe+nte snanennx. B onrapckox
xstke XIX neka n cnonx nernarontntx snanennxx mnpoko
yno+penxm+cx, nanpnxep, nxena ptkanJ (xecnno, npn-
nex o+ cymec+nn+entnoro n ++ox snanennn axe opasye+-
cx yxentmn+entnax opxa ptkannne), napenJ (nnma,
npnro+onnennax nocpec+nox napennx). Cymec+nn+entnte
nnaanJ[ (nxenne, nxymec+no), nxnJ (J. nxenne, nxy-
mec+no, ora+c+no, entrn; 2. +onap; 3. kna), u[ enJ
(nnma) o+nnnam+cx o+ nxen c rnarontntx snanennex xe-
c+ox yapennx (cx. Cn. Iepona).
Ho nnnxnnex nepkonnocnanxnckoro n, nosnee, pyccko-
ro xstka n nponsneennxx +noxn onrapckoro Bospoxennx
pesko ynennnnnae+cx konnnec+no n nac+o+noc+t ncnontso-
nannx ne cnoc+nenntx napono penn o+rnarontntx cy-
mec+nn+entntx na -nue. Onent xnoro +aknx nxen, nac+o n
nepkonnocnanxncko-pycckox one+nneckox oopxnennn,
naxonx y Hancnx Xnnenapckoro, Coponnx Bpanancko-
ro, H. Bepona, A. Knnnnonckoro, H. Ptntckoro, H. Hnnepo-
na, H. Boropona, . Kapanenona n p.
J5
Ho xapak+epy npo-
nsnoxme rnarontno ocnont ++n cymec+nn+entnte xno-
roopasnt. Bnpoko yno+penxm+cx kak opasonannx o+
conepmennonnontx rnarontntx pasnocynkcantntx oc-
non (nrc+anne, o+naxnne, cosanne, nosepxanne, nakasa-
nne, nocnn+anne, np1ckasanne, nonenenne, on1x1nne,
np1sp1nne, co+nopenne, xnnenne, nckymenne, poxenne,
npn+1cnenne, y+1menne, ynnxenne, yn1penne, o+npamenne,
npocn1menne, ocnxmenne, o+c+ynnenne, noyxenne, ony-
c+omenne n no.), +ak n nxena, opasonannte o+ rnaront-
ntx ocnon neconepmennoro nna (snanne, snanne, xenanne,
nncanne, nnnxanne, o1manne, san1m+anne, cnxnne,
1nne, sp1nne, nn1nne, naroron1nne, +nopenne, ynenne,
cnyxenne, noenanne, naponanne, xaponanne, nonsonanne,
naron1c+nonanne n naron1c+nynanne, 1c+nonanne, e-
syxc+nonanne, ansaxnponanne n p.). Cpen noontx
cymec+nn+entntx xnoro rene+nnecknx penneonrapnsxon:
cz1uua, czgsxuua, szgsxuua, axsxgxuua, aestx1uua,
J6
usxtuua, acsmtuua, ecsamrtuua, czaxctuua n p. Onpee-
nennax nac+t ++nx cnon, nepox+no, nenpeptnno ncnontso-
nanact n yc+nox omennn opasonanntx cnoen nacenennx
eme co npexen cymec+nonannx penneonrapcko knnxno-
c+n: cnacenne, crsanne, nckymenne, nncanne, kptmenne,
nsannenne, ynenne, nn1nne, noparanne n nek. p. B pe-
synt+a+e ec+nnx c+apo knnxno +pannnn xnorne o+-
rnarontnte nxena na -nue (no coc+any onn ntxox+ aneko
sa rpannnt kopnyca cnon c ++nx cynkcox, sankcnpo-
nannoro n omemnx o nac J8 knaccnnecknx penneon-
rapcknx pykonncxx) nac+o yno+penxnnct n xstke axackn-
non. Tak, n nccneonanntx naxn c+a+txx Cnono na poxe-
c+no Xpnc+ono n Cnono na nne+onocne (nnc+t 232-247
o.; 248-256 Tnxonpanoncko pykonncn) ns coc+ana Tnxon-
panonckoro axacknna naxx+nnka nonoonrapckoro xst-
ka n+opo nononnnt XVII c+one+nx o+rnarontnte cyme-
c+nn+entnte na -nue nc+penam+cx onontno nac+o: 1ne,
narononJne, narocnonene, nrsneene, nrsptxane,
nrckptcene, saknane, snaxene, nckane, nanncane, nnca-
ne, nonen1ne, norpeene, nonoxene, nosnene, noxnanJne,
npnnn1ne, np1rp1mene, np1noxene, np1c+snnJne,
cp1+ene, crpane, crrp1mene, crsane, crxo+pene, crna-
cene, xo+1ne n nek. p. Hcnontsonanne ontme nac+n ++nx
cnon n Tnxonpanonckox axacknne oycnonneno nannnnex
nx n +ekc+e, nocnyxnnmex opnrnnanox nx nonoonrapcknx
nepenoon. K ++oxy ntnoy npnnon+ conoc+annenne +ek-
c+a ykasanntx c+a+e Tnxonpanonckoro co coo+ne+c+nym-
mnxn nac+xxn Koc+enenckoro axacknna naxx+nnka, o+-
nocxmerocx k rpynne +ak nastnaextx axacknnon cpene-
ropckoro +nna, +.e. axacknnon na +pannnonnox apxann-
nox knnxnox xstke, nocxoxmnx k cosannoxy no n+opo
nononnne XVI c+one+nx cpeneropckoxy (no +epxnnono-
rnn B. Uonena
J6
) nepenoy c rpeneckoro. Tekc+t ns apxann-
ntx axacknnon ++o rpynnt tnn ncnontsonant kak oc-
nona nx nepenoon na nonoonrapckn xstk nepenoon,
k ko+optx nocxon+ Tnxonpanonckn cnncok
J7
. Cpannn+e:
n Koc+enenckox ct t a1crsaxtat xxuese; a aesxgxra
cxxs1amtt aex1rt csetre xer1ax; n Tnxonpanonckox co-
o+ne+c+nenno n +ona e np1c+snnJne aaxono; n a
nokaxe cnaktn npon1+t nJrono+o cn xo+1ne n no. (cx.
pykonnct Koc+enenckoro axacknna, xpanxmymcx no N 503
J7
n nnno+eke conckoro Uen+pantnoro Hc+opnko-apxeo-
nornneckoro xysex npn cn. Cnnoe, n nena+noe nsanne Tn-
xonpanonckoro axacknna, ocymec+nnennoe E. exnno
J8
).
Cnoonoe yno+penenne n Tnxonpanonckox axacknne cy-
mec+nn+entntx na -nue, ne conponoxammeecx kaknxn t
+o nn tno +onkonannxxn nnn noxcnennxxn, ronopn+ o +ox,
n+o onn, onennno, tnn oc+a+onno pacnpoc+panent n
xopomo nsnec+nt mnpoknx napontx cnoxx. Hokasa+ent-
no +akxe, n+o ocnonnax nac+t knnxntx nxen na -nue, sa-
nkcnponanntx n Cnone na poxec+no n Cnone na nne-
+onocne Koc+enenckoro axacknna, ne o+xenae+cx n nono-
onrapckox +ekc+e, npec+annennox n +ex xe c+a+txx Tn-
xonpanonckoro. 3+o+ ak+ cnne+entc+nye+ o c+pexnennn
nepenonnka (nepenonnkon) nsera+t cymec+nn+entntx na
-nue, nensnec+ntx n nenonx+ntx npoc+oxy nn+a+enm nnn
cnyma+enm. B nncne +aknx cnon, onennno, tnn ncnontsy-
mmnecx n ykasanntx c+a+txx Koc+enenckoro axacknna, no
o+cy+c+nymmne n coo+ne+c+nymmnx xec+ax Tnxonpanon-
ckoro nxena catat, szgucsxat, szaxsqtat, szaemtat, ac-
axsaaat, uesxat, atesu1at, ecurxat, aes1crsesxat,
aesxgxat, aeuumxaat, aeatstat, aaec1rtat, czsxqtat n no.
Pacnpoc+panenne +aknx cymec+nn+entntx n nonoonrapcknx
+ekc+ax nannnae+cx c konna XVII neka n cnxsano c noxnne-
nnex n mnpoknx yno+penennex n Bonrapnn pyccknx nep-
konnocnanxncknx nena+ntx knnr. B nocnenne rot nac+o-
nnno nonepknnae+cx snanenne nepkonnocnanxnckoro kak
xstka-nocpennka, nepes ko+opt penneonrapckn yna-
c+nye+ n opxnponannn nekcnneckoro coc+ana conpexen-
noro onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka
J9
.
Bontmoe konnnec+no ncnontsyextx n nponsneennxx XIX
c+one+nx nxen na -nue tno opasonano n nepkon-
nocnanxnckox n pycckox xstkax: nocenenne, o+1nenne,
saneenne, noc+anonnenne, ncnapenne, nasnanne,
nperonpe1nenne, sanoenanne, yxc+nonanne n p. Hs pyc-
ckoro xstka sanxc+nonant cnonoopasona+entnte n cexan-
+nneckne kantkn sananoenponecknx cnon +nna pacnonoxe-
nne (pann. disposition), nnnxnne (pann. inlluence), cyme-
c+nn+entnte c +epxnnonornnecknx snanennex, opasonan-
nte o+ ocnon rnaronon c cynkcox -upoea- (+nna
ansaxnponanne).
J8
Ocoenno xnoro o+rnarontntx nxen na -nue o+xenae+-
cx n nynnnnc+nnecko nn+epa+ype nepnoa Bospoxennx,
n connnennxx yneno-npocne+n+entckoro n pennrnosnoro
xapak+epa, n onpeenenno nac+n nepenoon na onrapckn
nponsneenn pyccko xyoxec+nenno nn+epa+ypt. H+o
kacae+cx nepenoon c pycckoro, +o nac+oe nnn pekoe nc-
nontsonanne n nnx knnxntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue na-
xon+cx n npxxo sanncnxoc+n o+ kynt+ypno-neonornne-
cknx nosnnn nepenonnkon, o+ nx npnnanexnoc+n k +o
nnn nno nn+epa+ypno-xstkono mkone. Tak, ontmoe ko-
nnnec+no knnxntx nxen c ++nx cynkcox n nepenoe no-
nec+n A. 4. Bent+xana Pana, koponenna onrapckax, nt-
nonnennox Hoaknxox Ipyentx (J852 r.)
20
, n nesnann+ent-
noe nncno +aknx cnon n nepenoe +o xe nonec+n, npnna-
nexamex Enene My+eno (J852 r.)
2J
, cnne+entc+no n
cnec+nne pasnnnntx neno-xyoxec+nenntx yc+anonok
an+opon nepenoon. Hpn nepenoe nxen na -nue My+ena
name ncero ncnontsye+ napono-pasronopnte cnona n cno-
nocone+annx, konc+pyknnn c rnaronaxn. Cpannn+e:
Ocnonnax nac+t knnxntx opasonann na -nue ncnont-
sonanact n nponsneennxx XIX neka c pesynt+a+nnno-
ac+pak+ntxn n pesynt+a+nnno-konkpe+ntxn snanennxxn.
Onako xnoronncnennt n cnynan yno+penennx +aknx cnon
co snanennex o+nnenennoro ec+nnx. Bontmym konkypen-
nnm knnxntx nxenax na -nue c rnarontntx snanennex co-
c+annxnn naponte opxt na -ne, cnennannsnponannte na
ntpaxennn o+nnenennoro ec+nnx no snanennm coo+ne+-
c+nymmero rnarona. Kpoxe ++oro, ncnontsonannm onpee-
nenntx knnxntx cymec+nn+entntx c rnarontntx snanenn-
ex, onennno, xemano nannnne y ++nx nxen, napxy c npo-
neccyantntx, n pasnnnnoro poa npexe+ntx snanenn. B
++ox o+nomennn nokasa+entno, nanpnxep, yno+penenne
Be:tm+an
yc+pon+t cnannoe
n npeora+oe yro-
menne;
n nocepen nceo-
maro onexennx
Ipyee
.cnanno n
np1ora+o yrome-
ne (7);
n ncp1r nceo-
me+o on1x1ne
(37)
Mymeea
a nanpanu+r
ron1xa roc+a
(8);
n kora cnnkt
c+ouxa ka+o
non1nant (48).
J9
cnona nsopaxenne n yxe ynoxnnanmexcx nepenoe Ipye-
na. 3+o cymec+nn+entnoe, nnnxo, nocnpnnnxanoct ne-
penonnkox, n nepnym onepet, kak nocn+ent cyc+an+nn-
noro snanennx: Pana no-nnnxa+enno sarnaa nsopaxe-
ne-+o (96); ykpamena cr nsopaxena na cna+n+enn (20)
n p. C rnarontntx snanennex cnono nsopaxenne yno+-
penxe+cx Ipyentx +ontko onn pas, npnnex napannentno
c +ex xe snanennex nponeccyantnoc+n ncnontsye+cx op-
xa nsopaxanane (naponax opxa nsopasxnane): n ca
saannananr cr xnna-+a cn pao+a cr nsopaxene nko-
nt (84); x1na xac+nnnnna, nepo, ktnnna sa nsopaxa-
nane n pasnnnnn on (63). Hn+epecno +akxe, n+o knnxnoe
cnono nenne Ipyen yno+penxe+ c nernarontntx snanenn-
ex, n +o npexx kak nx ntpaxennx nponeccyantnoc+n nc-
nontsye+cx naponax opxa: ynnxr xsstka n n1ne (85)
n Ha ynnna-+a name rannt n nsko+r, n1ane n nrpane;
napor ca +psnanr na necena (62); Cna+ocnanona-+a
nocka cr n1ene nsn1se nsr msxa-+a nr nonana-1a (J32).
onroe npexx cynkc -nue ntc+ynae+ n kanec+ne knnx-
noro napnan+a naponoro cynkca -ne
22
. C+pexnenne k
onn+epa+ypnnannm napono-pasronopntx cnon ocoen-
no xpko n nocneona+entno npoxnnxe+cx n xstke nynnnn-
c+nkn. Haponte o+rnarontnte cymec+nn+entnte c cynk-
cox -nue onontno xapak+epnt n nx nponsneenn
xyoxec+nenno nn+epa+ypt: nnnanne, anenne, pananne,
ynenne, nakanne, nenenenne, nnamenne, nsnnsanne, xnnna-
nne, nptmanne n no. Tonno +ak xe -ne nocnpnnnxae+cx kak
napono-pasronopnt napnan+ knnxnoro cynkca -nue. B
ykasannox nepenoe My+eno, nanpnxep, o+nnnammexcx
npoc+o+o nsnoxennx, ntcoko c+enentm rnarontnoc+n n
naponoc+n xstka, knnxnte cymec+nn+entnte ncnontsym+-
cx c cynkcox -ne. 3axena cynkca ntsnana, nepox+no,
neoxonxoc+tm cnx+t cnennnneckym c+nnnc+nneckym
okpacky ++nx nxen: osnonenJ, coon1snonanJ,
np1n1manJ, y+1menJ n nek. p.
B xstke XIX neka cynkc -nue ak+nnno ynac+nye+ n npo-
neccax cnonoopasonannx. C ero noxomtm, nanpnxep, opa-
sym+cx cymec+nn+entnte o+ rnaronon na -upa+, sanxc+ny-
extx ns sananoenponecknx xstkon (nepnonanantno nepes
nocpennnec+no cepckoro xstka). Cx. nanpnxep: Htpno-
+o nanenanne ce nanpann cr anancnpanne+o na 30,000 npn...
20
(ras. Cnooa, J888). Hapannentno ncnontsym+cx n op-
xt na -ne. Ocoenno nn+epecnt cnynan npncoennennx cy-
nkca -nue k ocnonax conepmennonnontx napontx rna-
ronon: o+xpanxnne, saonkonenne, yannenne n no. C +ene-
nnex npexenn ocosnae+cx neoxonxoc+t opxantno-cxtc-
nonoro pasrpannnennx napontx cymec+nn+entntx na -ne
n knnxntx na -nue
23
. Xopomo nsnec+no cenannoe no ++oxy
nonoy n J892 roy ntckastnanne Hnana Basona n nocneo-
nanmne sa ++nx an+opckne nsxenennx no n+opox nsannn
poxana Ho nrox (J894)
24
. Hpnnx+o cnn+a+t, n+o o+rpa-
nnnenne cymec+nn+entntx na -ne o+ cymec+nn+entntx na -nue
n opxantnox n cexan+nneckox o+nomennn nponcxon+ noc-
ne Ocnooxennx.
Taknx opasox, n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka
ocnonntx nanpannennex n pasnn+nn ka+eropnn o+rnaront-
ntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue xnnxe+cx yxentmenne c+ene-
nn rnarontnoc+n ++nx nxen, nn+encnnnt nponecc opaso-
nannx n sakpennennx sa cymec+nn+entntxn c ++nx cynk-
cox nenponeccyantntx, npexe+ntx snanenn. nx opxn-
ponannx ++o ka+eropnn nxen n nonoonrapckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke ontmoe snanenne nxee+ cnntnoe nep-
konnocnanxncko-pycckoe xstkonoe nnnxnne. He npekpama-
xct n na npo+xxennn XX c+one+nx, ++o nnnxnne n snann-
+entno c+enenn npeonpeennno nc+opnm pasnn+nx sna-
nenn o+entntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue. Onako ocnon-
nte nanpannennx cexan+nnecko +nonmnnn ++o ka+eropnn
nxen tnn oycnonnent ocoennoc+xxn onrapcko xst-
kono cnc+ext.
2J
I:aea I
Pasnnxne snanennn yccknx
cymecxnnxetnmx na - n ceuanxnneckan
ncxonn nx oracknx naaeen

epkonnocnanxncko-pycckoe xstkonoe nnnxnne cnxst-

nae+cx, n nepnym onepet, c ak+nnnsanne n onrap-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka nenoro pxa cnonoopa-
sona+entntx xoene n nponeccox nn+encnnnoro nekcnne-
ckoro sanxc+nonannx. B nponsneennxx +noxn Bospoxennx
pesko nospac+ae+, n nac+noc+n, konnnec+no n nac+o+noc+t
yno+penennx o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox
-nue. Cpen ++nx nxen xnoro rene+nnecknx penneonra-
pnsxon, nosnpamammnxcx n onrapckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk
nepes nocpennnec+no nepkonnocnanxnckoro n pycckoro,
nac+o c nontxn, pasnnnmnxncx n nyx nocnennx xstkax
snanennxxn. Hpnneex neko+opte npnxept nx nnnmc+pa-
nnn ++oro y+nepxennx.B penneonrapckox xstke cyme-
c+nn+entnoe erzsxqtuua nastnano ec+nne no snanennxx
rnaronon (cx. Slovnik |azyka staroslovnskeho. Praha, ntn.
24, J973, c. 592). C rnarontntxn snanennxxn ++o nxx yno+-
penxnoct n n pennepycckox xstke. Cn. XI XVII nn. npn-
non+ cneymmne snanennx cymec+nn+entnoro o+npamenne
(o+onpamenne): J. ec+nne no rnar. omepamumu-omepa-
uamu (n snan. J) [cx.: o+npa+n+n n o+onpa+n+n J. O+nep-
ny+t, nonepny+t n c+opony; +x. opasno n nepen.]; 2. Va-
nenne o+ nero-n. [cp. cneymmne snanennx rnaronon o+npa-
+n+n (o+onpa+n+n) n o+npa+n+ncx: coo+ne+c+nenno sac+a-
nn+t o+kasa+tcx o+ nero-n., o+nnent, o+ann+t o+ koro-,
nero-n. n o+kasa+tcx, o+c+ynn+tcx, o+ann+tcx o+ koro-,
nero-n.]; 3. O+kas o+ nero-n. [cp. +ontko n+o npnneen-
a`
22
nte snanennx rnaronon, a +akxe snanenne o+kastna+tcx,
o+c+yna+tcx o+ koro-, nero-n., nsera+t koro-, nero-n. rna-
rona o+npama+ncx (o+onpama+ncx)]; 4. Hpeo+npamenne
nero-n. [cp. snanenne o+npa+n+t, o+knonn+t, o+nec+n; npe-
o+npa+n+t rnarona o+npa+n+n (o+onpa+n+n)]
25
. Ho nanm-
ennxx E. C. Konopcko, n xstke XVIII neka o+rnarontnoe
nxx o+npamenne ak+nnno ncnontsye+cx n snanennn yc+pa-
nenne nero-nno onacnoro, nenpnx+noro, npenoro; npeo+-
npamenne nero-nno
26
. Cone+aexoc+t cnona n ++ox snane-
nnn tna onent mnpoko. Cx. npnnonxte E. C. Konop-
cko npnxept: He+nep+t enap+axen+ ye+ nanma+t
nonnnky ynnn n kananon, naontx nx o+npamennx nennc-
+o+ n ropoe (ecnnnkn, Hpec+annenne o ynpex-
ennn...); ...pan o+npamennx ontme ocoenntx, nexenn
nceomnx neyoc+n (4onnnsnn, Paccyxenne o nan. nm-
onec+nn); .ko yxnoxennm nenoneneckoro yonontc+nnx
n k o+npamennm nyxt (Honnkon, O rnanntx npnnnnax,
o+nocxmnxcx k npnpamennm xyoxec+n n nayk) n p.
27
He-
ckontko pexe cymec+nn+entnoe o+npamenne nastnae+ e-
c+nne no pyroxy snanennm rnarona o+npa+n+t o+nnent,
o+knonn+t, yepxa+t o+ nero-nno, otnno nnoxoro, nopon-
noro (nx o+npamennx cnonx rpaxan o+ nopokon Ko-
sentckn, 4nnoconneckne npenoxennx). Ocoenno mnpo-
ko cnono o+npamenne yno+penxe+cx n ++o+ nepno nx
nanxenonannx ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx no snanennm nse-
ra+t koro-, nero-nno, o+kastna+tcx o+ nero-nno nosnpa+-
noro rnarona o+npama+tcx: O+ cero oc+ox+entc+na... nac-
+o poxae+cx noncexec+nax n napoe yntnoc+t yxa n ne-
nnkoe o+npamenne o+ +pyonmnx (Tpe+txkon, Paccyxe-
nne o npnnnnax nsonnnx.); Anamun. Ip.
Henync+nn+entnoc+t, nnmenne ncxkoro nync+na, o+ ncero
o+npamenne, nn k nexy nenpnnxsannoc+t, nnnero nexena-
nne (Znonckn, Hont cnono+onkona+ent)
28
. Ho xnennm
E. C. Konopcko, opxnponannm conpexennoro snanennx
cymec+nn+entnoro o+npamenne (kpane nenpnx+noe nyn-
c+no, ntstnaexoe kex-, nex-nno) cnococ+nye+ aconm-
+nnnoe ncnontsonanne ++oro cnona, npnnex onent nac+o n
kon+ekc+ax, n ko+optx ono npo+nnonoc+annxe+cx
cymec+nn+entnoxy xenanne: Cknonnoc+t k +oxy, n+o xt
nonn+aex sa opo, nastnae+cx xenanne, a yanenne o+ +oro,
n+o xt nonn+aex sa xyo, nastnae+cx o+npamenne. Bonx
23
nxee+ n cee neko+opte cnoc+na, kak +o: xenannx nnn o+-
npamennx, ko+opte nnocot nastnam+ c+pac+txn (Ko-
sentckn, 4nnoconneckne npenoxennx). Honoe snanenne
cnona sakpennxe+cx n xstke k konny XVIII neka. Oycnon-
nennax ++nx snanennex nonax opxa sanncnxoro nxenn c
npenorox k nt+ecnxe+ ns yno+penennx c+apym npenox-
no-naexnym konc+pyknnm neckontko nosnee. Hapannent-
noe ncnontsonanne konkypnpymmnx opx nanmae+cx n n
XIX c+one+nn. Cx. n nanane ero y Znonckoro: [rnpoo-
nx] xexy nponnxn npnnakaxn, nanon+ yxac n o+npa-
menne k noe n k pyrnx nnaxnoc+xx; Iupo}o6. Becny-
mmncx o+ yrptsennx emenoro snepx, n nxemmn o+npa-
menne o+ not n ncxko nnaxnoc+n (Hont cnono+onko-
na+ent)
29
.
Ha npo+xxennn XIX neka cymec+nn+entnoe o+npamenne
nce eme nastnae+ ec+nne no snanennxx rnaronon (cx. BAC,
VIII, J300-J30J). B pasronopno penn ++oro nepnoa an-
noe cnono yno+penxe+cx n n snanennn raoc+t, xepsoc+t.
Cx. y Inea Vcnenckoro n Hpanax Pac+epxeno ynnnt:
Ona ona no nentx nxx cnena oxa, n e ne c kex tno
cnona ckasa+t... O+npamenne! c cepnex ronopnna ona
(+ax xe, J30J). B conpexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
o+rnarontnoe nxx o+npamenne onosnanno. Ero snanenne
kpane nenpnx+noe, rannnoe nync+no, ntstnaexoe kex-,
nex-n. (MAC, II, 670).
To xe snanenne nxee+ n onrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe
o+npamenne, +akxe onosnannoe n conpexennox xstke. Hpn
onrapckox cnone n n nac+oxmee npexx nanmae+cx na-
pannentnoe yno+penenne nxen c npenoraxn o+ n krx: Ko
xoxe a ne nync+nyna npespenne n o+npamenne krx enn
neponoxnnk n kne+nonpec+rnnnk? (C. Paen, C+pon+enn-
+e na crnpexenna Brnrapnx, I, J973, 343)
30
; Hnkora ne n
nsnn+nan +akrn yxac n +akona o+npamenne o+ yxaca (E.
Manon, Bxrc+no+o na Iana+ex, J963, J09). B ++ox snanennn
cymec+nn+entnoe o+npamenne tno mnpoko pacnpoc+pa-
neno n onrapcko nn+epa+ype n+opo nononnnt XIX neka.
Cx. nanpnxep: .nkyprr ckptnr anoko +o cn
o+npamen|e krxr noono npenoxen|e. (H. Mnxanon-
ckn, H. Moxnnnon, Onepkn ns nc+opnx+a n naponn+e cka-
sannx, (nepeno), J865, J45); .a +ano-+o n moxr nsn1se
na xn1, +o c+ana esopasno, ka+o xy ca nacn+n c1k|, no-
24
nynana o+r nero o+npamenie. (U. Innnen, ne +ononn, J872,
3); Hponee, nonsynaxr ce o+r +ox nn koxnnnxen+r, sa a
nn nspasa cnoe+o na-anoko o+npamenne (ras. Hona
Brnrapnx, J877, 236). Cnono o+npamenne ncnontsonanoct
n ++o+ nepno n n opxe xnoxec+nennoro nncna: .c+ene+e
peone-+e cn, no1e+e namn-+n c+apn o+npamen|a na kon-
+o npnnnnt-+n nent nect camec+nyna+t. (ras. . 3opa,
J868, N 47, J78). Cpannn+e n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
n+opo nononnnt XVIII neka: .pasyxnax yma n xenannxx
n o+npamennxx cnonx nanoone +ena, kora ono xeroxo
tnae+ ornex, c+paa+entnom cex npec+annxe+, nokonn-
ky cax or onn nsnpae+ n nponsnon+ n ne xenannx n
o+npamennx (Annnkon, Cnono o pasntx cnocoax...)
3J
. B nn-
+epa+ype onrapckoro Bospoxennx o+xenam+cx cnynan
yno+penennx cymec+nn+entnoro o+npamenne n snanennn
raoc+t, xepsoc+t, c ko+optx pycckoe nxx tno nsnec+-
no n pasronopno penn XIX neka: E+o o+r 1 nsnnsa, ne,
o+r ena c+pana, [Bapnnr] ka+o o+kpnna c+openn+e +ypckn
napnapmnnn cr cnnkn+e nxr yxacn n rposnn o+npamennx,
o+r pyra onpanana +ypckn+e nnac+n. (ras. Hona Brnra-
pnx, J876, J5J). Bonrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe ncnontsona-
noct no n+opo nononnne XIX c+one+nx n co snanennex
ec+nnx no rnarony. Cx., nanpnxep: Ka+o rnrapnnr asr
cx nync+nynaxr nrxenr a nanpanu +ona n ako xora a
no1c+nynaxr nr n1mo sa o+npamenne na sno+o, koe+o
yrpoxxna napor+r xn n o+enec+no+o xn (H. P. Cnane-
kon, Hocnene+o xn xoxnne n Conx, J883, 4J).
O+rnarontnoe nxx axaxsxaaaa, ne ncnontsymmeecx n
coxpannnmnxcx knaccnnecknx penneonrapcknx pykonncxx,
no sankcnponannoe n pannnx naxx+nnkax pycckoro nep-
konnocnanxnckoro, tno, onennno, nsnec+no n penneon-
rapckoxy nn+epa+ypnoxy xstky (cx. Slovnik |azyka
staroslovnskho, Praha, ntn. J9, J969, 304; Muk:ouuu 1.
Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum. Vindobonae, J862-
J865, 409; 1u:koea H. C+apoonrapnsxt n nepkonnocna-
nxnnsxt n nekcnke pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka. Vne-
nt cnonapt, J986, II, 677). B pennepycckox xstke cyme-
c+nn+entnoe nanpannenne neonosnanno. B Ma+epnanax nx
cnonapx pennepycckoro xstka H. H. Cpesnenckoro sank-
cnponant snanennx ykasanne, nac+annenne, ny+t (II, 3JJ).
Hoxnxo ++nx snanenn, Cn. XI XVII nn. o+xenae+ nos-
25
xoxnoc+t ncnontsonannx cymec+nn+entnoro nx nanxeno-
nannx ec+nnx no rnarony, a +akxe onee nosnne yno+-
penennx cnona n snanennxx ncnpannenne, npnneenne n
nopxok n cnapxxenne (X, J90). Ha npo+xxennn nocne-
ymmnx nekon nponcxon+ opxnponanne pxa nontx sna-
nenn ++oro cymec+nn+entnoro, o+entnte ero snanennx
yc+apenam+. B nepnte ecx+nne+nx XIX neka cnono nanpan-
nenne ncnontsye+cx co snanennxxn, npnnonxtxn Cn. J847
r.: J) To xe, n+o nanpanka
32
. 2) C+opona, nr ko+opym nn-
xymeecx +1no nanpannxe+r cno ny+t; +akxe nnn|x, no ko+o-
po 1c+nye+r cnna. Hanpae:enie euxenin. Hanpae:enie
cDeepnoe, +.e. kz cDeepy, eocmounoe, +.e. kz eocmoky, n
+.. Ceo6ono euxyuancn +aenumnan cmpD:ka u+Demz
eesD napa::e:tnoe nanpae:enie cz +epuiano+z, omk:o-
nnnct mo:tko ne +noeo kz eocmoky u:u sanay. 3) Tenen|e.
Hoc:D cu:tnuxz oxe naua pDka npunn:a pyeoe
nanpae:enie. 4) C+pexnen|e kr onpe1nenno n1nn;
nasnanen| e. Bucue+y yuu:uuy ano ka+epa:tnoe
nanpae:eni e. 5)* Pykonoc+nonani e kr nexy nno.
Bocnumanim mnouecmea neo6xou+o xopouee nanpae:enie
(II, 393).
Hcnontsonanne cymec+nn+entnoro c nontx o+nnenenntx
snanennex, peannsymmnxcx n cone+annxx +nna nanpanne-
nne yxa, xtcne; nanpannenne xypnana, nn+epa+ypnoro
nponsneennx, n 30-te rot XIX c+one+nx enae+cx otn-
ntx. Kak saxenae+ K. C. Copoknn, n ++o+ nepno nce
noc+oxnnee n onpeenennee c+anonn+cx yno+penenne cno-
na n cxtcne, nnskox snanennm pann. tendance, +.e. nx
onpeenennx +o nnn nno neno yc+pexnennoc+n koro-
nno. Cp.: [mnt anen] o ntxoa ennn... ne nonn-
xan nanpannennx Hnnant n Banen+nnt (Bnn. nx
n+., J834, N 5, Cxect, c. J30); He snax pasnnnnx +nox,
nanpannenn, opasonann yxa nenoneneckoro, xo+x+ cy-
n+t epxannna no ynoxennm anrnnckoro, rpeneckoro,
nexenkoro cya (H. Hon., I, c. 4); ypnan, yynn cop-
nnkox xopomnx c+a+e, onxen t+t eme n xypnanox, +.e.
nxe+t cnoe nanpannenne, cno xapak+ep, cnonox, t+t nt-
pasn+enex cnoe xtcnn (Ben., III, c. J76) n +.n. Tak ckna-
tnae+cx nonoe snanenne, oosnanammee conokynnoc+t
onpeenenntx nsrnxon, nenym ocnony nn+epa+ypnoro
oprana, nnca+enx, nponsneennx n +.n.
33
Heotknonennax
26
nonynxpnoc+t cymec+nn+entnoro nanpannenne n annox
snanennn, xoa na nero n cepenne neka orxcnxe+cx, one-
nnno, ak+yantnoc+tm ntpaxaexoro nx nonx+nx. B ++ox
o+nomennn nn+epecnt n nokasa+entnt ntckastnannx co-
npexennnkon, npnnonxte K. C. Copoknntx. Cx., nanpn-
xep: Tenept xnornx ynnekae+ nonmenoe cnonno nanpan-
nenne (Bennnckn, Bsrnx na pycckym nn+epa+ypy J847
roa); Hocne Bennnckoro nce saronopnnn o nanpannennn,
nce c+ann ntc+annx+t nanokas cnon yexennx, n axe +e, y
koro nx nentsx tno ntn+t n ynno, xnnxnnct n nynnky
c nnepantntxn xpntkaxn, +ontko o+rxnnennte ne conec-
+nnnct nokasa+tcx nmtxn pe+porpantxn. 3+o tn mar
nnepe; nannnancx ent, kora kosnax nonaonnnct one-
ntn mkypt, n ko+opte onn n napxxannct (I. E. Bnarocne+-
non, Pycck. cnono, J864, N 7)
34
. C +enennex npexenn nponc-
xox+ neko+opte nsxenennx n cone+aexoc+n cymec+nn+ent-
noro n ++ox snanennn. B conpexennox xstke yc+oxnmnecx
cnn+arxa+nneckne cnxsn cnona am+ nosxoxnoc+t onpee-
nn+t ero snanenne cneymmnx opasox: Hy+t pasnn+nx
kakoro-n. ec+nnx, xnnennx n +.n. ... ff Onpeenennax na-
npannennoc+t, yc+pexnennoc+t k nexy-n. (MAC, II, 383).
B cepenne XIX neka sa cnonox nanpannenne sakpennx-
e+cx eme ono snanenne omec+nennoe, nn+epa+ypnoe,
naynnoe n +.n. +enenne, mkona. K. C. Copoknn opamae+
nnnxanne na +o, n+o nexenkoe cnono Richtung npe+epnena-
e+ ananornnnte cnnrn n cexan+nke
35
. B ++o cnxsn nepox+-
ntx xoxno cnn+a+t cexan+nneckoe nnnxnne nnoxstnnoro
cymec+nn+entnoro. Cp. +akxe snanennx pannysckoro cnona
tendance J. +enennnx, c+pexnenne, cknonnoc+t; 2. nonn-
+nneckax paknnx. Hoxnnenne n nocnene ne+nep+n c+o-
ne+nx nponsnontx nxen nanpannenen, nanpannenc+no, na-
npannenckn
36
+akxe xnnxe+cx cnne+entc+nox nonynxpno-
c+n cnona nanpannenne n ero nontx snanennxx. B XX neke
cexan+nneckn orex cnona pacmnpxe+cx. Ono nannnae+
ncnontsona+tcx co snanennxxn ynac+ok pon+a, o+kya
pasnnnam+cx noennte onepannn n c+opony nynk+a, amme-
ro nanxenonanne ++oxy ynac+ky (epnnnckoe nanpannenne,
kypckoe nanpannenne) n okyxen+ o nasnanennn na pao-
+y; onnnantnax yxara c npenncannex o nenennn, ocne-
onannn n +.n. (nanpannenne na sano, nanpannenne n ca-
na+opn, nanpannenne na ananns kponn).
27
B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke n+opo nononnnt
XIX neka cnono nanpannenne mnpokoyno+pen+entno. Ono
naxon+ o+paxenne n Cnonape onrapckoro xstka no na-
xx+nnkax napono cnonecnoc+n n nponsneennxx none-
me nena+n A. mnepnya (I, J334). B cepenne c+one+nx,
onako, cymec+nn+entnoe eme ne tno nsnec+no mnpoko-
xy kpyry nn+a+ene n ncnontsonanne ero nyxanoct n o-
nonnn+entntx noxcnennxx. Cx., nanpnxep, y C. Paynona n
Hsxcnenie sa n1kon nnna, x1c+a, .n ne nc1koxy pasyxn-
+ennt yxt.: Hanpannenie, J) nnxenie krxr
onp11nena +onka, nocoka. 2) Tenenie. 3) C+pexnenie krxr
onp11nena n1nt. 4) Pykonoc+nonanie krxr n1n+o (Ia-
nepex ns Mon+nononckn npexnn.., (nepeno), J857, 258).
erko saxe+n+t, n+o npnnonxte C. Paynontx snanennx
non+opxm+ nernarontnte snanennx pycckoro cnona
nanpannenne n nsx+t ns Cnonapx nepkonnocnanxnckoro n
pycckoro xstka J847 roa (cx. ntme). Taknx opasox n on-
rapckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk cosna+entno npnnnxam+cx n
sakpennxm+cx n nex snanennx pycckoro cymec+nn+entnoro.
B nepnox ns ykasanntx C. Paynontx snanenn cnono
nanpannenne nc+ynae+ n cnnonnxnneckne o+nomennx c cy-
mec+nn+entntx nocoka, nastnammnx x1c+o-+o, npt+a-+a,
na+t-+r, no ko+o eno n1n+o nptnn, kaxr ko+o conn (Cn.
Iepona, IV, 220). Tak noxnnxe+cx n xstke napa c+nnnc+nne-
cknx cnnonnxon nocoka knnxn. nanpannenne. Hocnenee
cnono n annox snanennn coxpanxe+ o++enok knnxnoc+n n n
conpexennox onrapckox xstke. Cx., nanpnxep, ero yno+pe-
nenne n naynno-nonynxpno n yneno nn+epa+ype: a pe-
nex, ne cxe sanmnenn cnao xaxano+o n nanpannenne cenep
mr (I. Toxanenckn, Ac+ponoxnx sa napoa, J958, 82); Cne+-
nnnen nrn, ko+o e npexnnan npes npospanna nnonka c ycno-
penn c+enn, ce o+xec+na o+ nrpnonananno+o cn nanpanne-
nne, ka+o oc+ana ycnopeen na naamnx nrn (H. Tapron, 4n-
snka sa VII kn., J965, J03). Cpannn+e ncnontsonanne cyme-
c+nn+entnoro c ++nx snanennex no n+opo nononnne XIX
neka: .+pn na+n na enr ca sanncnann nr cnon-+1 knnxkn
cnna-+a n nanpannenie-+o na n1+pone+1... (. Bn+anon, 4ns.
reorpanx, (nepeno), J873, 2J); .+x rpyo sa+nopn cnox+a
npa+a n na+nnka... +ptrna nr nokasano+o xy nanpannenne
(Cnooa, J894, N J503, 2).
28
B ++o+ nepno cnono nanpannenne nac+o yno+penxe+cx
n snanennn ykasanne, nac+annenne, pykonoc+no: Omn-
+e Iyepna+opn me nxa+r npesntnana nnac+t cnoper
npexennn-+e n oconn-+e nanpannennx.., n me nxa+r +1 caxn
a cx o+n1mana+r (Uapnrpackn nec+nnk, 8. IX. J856, N
293, 60); Mt onnixnno cx nsn1c+nxxe o+r x1c+nn+e nna-
c+n na Bnnncka-+a onac+r ne n1ko cn Hnkona.., ka+o cx
naop+annnr cr onorona ko+o conpame anokr-a+r o+r
ronna+a J272, cn1onanr a conpa annont-+e npo+nnr
ncxko nanpannenie n npo+nnr ncxka Uapcka nonx. (+ax xe,
2J. IX. J857, N 347, J69); Bcnnkn+e nonon ca nrxnn a
cn1na+r nanpannennx+a n nac+annennx+a na rnannnx cn
Bonoa. (3. C+oxnon, 3annckn no rnrapckn+e nrc+annx,
I, J884, 79). Bnocnec+nnn ++o snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro,
+akxe kak n n pycckox xstke, yc+apenae+.
Ocoenno xnoronncnennt npnxept ncnontsonannx cno-
na nanpannenne n snanennn nenax opnen+annx, yc+pex-
nennoc+t koro- nnn nero-n., nac+poennoc+t xtcne n nync+n
koro-n., cnc+exa nsrnxon n yexenn koro-n., +.e. n +ox
snanennn, n ko+opox cnono tno nanonee nonynxpno n
pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cepennt XIX neka. Cx., na-
npnxep, yno+penenne cymec+nn+entnoro n cone+annxx na-
npannenne koro- nnn nte-nno: ...nrcnnkia+r cn xnno+r
pao+nxr nenpec+anno, nanpannenie+o xn xoxeme a no-
cnyxn sa npnxepr na crnptmenna opo1+enna noxnana.
(X. Hamon n p., Une+onocno+o nanepne, J858, JJ9); Ina-
na+apt na eno oxaktnc+no, nnn na n1koe cn omec+no,
sa +o ca napnnx rnana, samo+o nxa nnixnie na pyrt+1; ne-
ront yxr, neront norn1r n nerono+o nanpannenie ca
o+paxxna+r nr onona oxaktnc+no, nnn omec+no (x.
Vnnnnme, I, J87J, 68); Caxn+e npann, onnan.., cnoco-
noc+n n nanpannennx na anrape+e, kon+o xnn1x+r na
c1nepr o+r ankanr+r, pasnnna+r o+r +nx, mo xnn1x+r na
mrr o+r nero. (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, J9); cx. +akxe
n cone+annn c npnnara+entntx n n aconm+nnnox
yno+penennn: Ka+o xoxaxeane n ocoenno ka+o napor
cr asna+ckn yxr n nanpannenne, Typnn+1 ne xoxnxa, pas-
npa ce, a ce nonsyna+r o+r opnnn+1 na enponecka+a
nnnnnnsannx no yxa na xpnc+nxnc+no+o. (Hepnonnecko
cnncanne.., J882, J39); To nxa nync+na rnrapckn, no n1xa
rnrapcko nrsnn+anne. Poxancknx xnno+r xy e anr ne-
29
na+r n nanpannenne, okonna+enno (H. Bason, Crn., XXIV,
J44). Tak xe kak n n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke, cnono
nanpannenne ncnontsye+cx nx oosnanennx neno ocno-
nt, opnen+annn rase+t, xypnana, nonn+nkn n +. n. :
...n1c+nnkr+r nse nonene+o nonn+nnecko o+konko+o naynno
nanpannenne (Hepnonnecko cnncanne.., J889, J0J); Ho,
ako npann+enc+no+o nsana n1c+nnnn+1 na omec+nenna
cx1+ka, kakr xoxe a ne nxr kon+ponnpa nanpannenne+o?
(E. Benaxn, Cne c+o ronnn, (nepeno), J892, JJ0); ...a
naka nanpannenne+o, koe+o cnnr xy... me ae na pycka+a
nonn+nka (Cnooa, J894, N J5J0, J); .samo+o np1n a
cx okaxe kakno nanpannenie me tpxn ena cnnna tpxx-
na, .ena nyoc+t me ae a cx o+nopn oma nona
nox1xy pyrt+1 cnnn (ras. ynan, 3. X. J876, N JJJ0,
2). B antnemex n nekcnnecknx cnxsxx cymec+nn+entnoro
n ++ox snanennn nanmam+cx onpeenennte nsxenennx, n
nac+noc+n, ono nepec+ae+ ncnontsona+tcx n cone+annxx na-
npannenne koro-nno, nte-nno. Onncanne npe+epnenmero
pasnn+ne snanennx ananornnno +onkonannm conpexennoro
snanennx pycckoro cnona (cx. ntme).
n+epa+ypnte connnennx n+opo nononnnt XIX c+one-
+nx am+ +akxe npnxept yno+penennx cymec+nn+entnoro
nanpannenne n snanennn nonn+nneckoe, pennrnosnoe, nn-
+epa+ypnoe n +.n. +enenne, mkona: .ako +o knene+1me
nr c+rnnone+1 cn rnana+apn+1 na Brnrapckn napor n
np1c+ann+enn+1 na caxoc+ox+enno+o napono nanpanne-
nne nr yxr+r na npanocnanne+o, ne ca pycckn opanx.
(Hepnonnecko cnncanne, J888, 640); Mexy
np1c+ann+enn+1 na eno yx1peno pankanno nanpanne-
nne nr rprnka+a knnxnnna nnneme na nrpno x1c+o n Ko-
pan (H. Bnmxanon, Konc+an+nn 4o+nnon, neronnx+ xn-
no+.., Copnnk sa naponn yxo+nopennx.., XI, J894, 64J-642).
Hcnontsonanne cnona n annox snanennn, +ak xe kak n n
pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke, ne npe+epnenae+ cymec+nen-
ntx nsxenenn o nac+oxmero npexenn.
B nepno ak+nnno optt sa nnc+o+y onrapckoro nn-
+epa+ypnoro xstka cymec+nn+entnoe nanpannenne nepea-
e+ cnon snanennx (ny+t pasnn+nx kakoro-n. xnnennx, e-
c+nnx n +.n. n omec+nennoe, nn+epa+ypnoe n +.n. +ene-
nne) cnony nacoka, npnsnannoxy nt+ecnn+t ns yno+pene-
30
nnx sanxc+nonannoe nxx. Tex ne xenee napannentnoe nc-
nontsonanne ++nx cnnonnxon npoonxae+cx.
B conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cyme-
c+nn+entnoe nanpannenne nxee+ eme ono snanenne nt-
annt xennnncknx ynpexennex okyxen+ c npennca-
nnex o nenennn, ocneonannn (xennnncko nanpannenne).
Cp. npnneennoe ntme onee mnpokoe snanenne pycckoro
cnona. Cneye+ +akxe o+xe+n+t, n+o no n+opo nononnne
XX neka npoonxae+ ncnontsona+tcx pycnsx nanpannxnax
[nanpannxnax. (pyc.) Haconnax, nanr+nax BTP, 506]
37
.
Ho++oxy ne ntstnam+ ynnnennx cnynan yno+penennx
cymec+nn+entnoro nanpannenne co snanennex ec+nnx no
rnarony: Hponee ce nen+pannsnpano crnpane na peann-
snpnann+e o+ npenpnx+nx+a axop+nsannonnn o+nncnennx
n nnanono+o nx nanpannenne sa nnancnpane na c+pon+en-
c+no+o (. Tep., HHH, V).
B penneonrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke o+rnarontnoe
cymec+nn+entnoe sxzaaaaa nxeno snanenne koneanne no-
no nonepxnoc+n (cx. C+apocnanxnckn cnonapt (no pyko-
nncxx X XI nekon). M., J994, JJ9). Cnonapt pycckoro xst-
ka XI XVII nn. noxnxo snanennx nonnenne (o xope) [cp.
npxxte snanennx rnaronon nonnona+n n nonnona+ncx co-
o+ne+c+nenno nstxa+t, nonnxa+t nonnt n nonnona+t-
cx, npnxon+t n konea+entnoe nnxenne, opasyx nonnt]
o+xenae+ +akxe snanenne xx+ex, cxy+a [cp. nepenocnoe
snanenne ykasanntx rnaronon npoxnnx+t neonontc+no,
yn+ona+t] (II, 3J5-3J6). B XVIII neke y pyccknx rnaronon
nonnona+t, nonnona+tcx n o+rnarontnoro nxenn nonnenne na
ocnone xe+aopnnecknx yno+penenn noxnnxm+cx nonte sna-
nennx. Inaron nonnona+t ak+nnno ncnontsye+cx n snanennxx
npnnon+t n tc+poe, necnokonoe nnxenne, +enenne (kpont,
cokn +ena); nosyxa+t, notxa+t (nync+na, c+pac+n, xtcnn);
ecnokon+t, +penoxn+t, nosyxa+t koro-n. nex-n. (Cn.
XVIII n., IV, 40). 3a rnaronox nonnona+tcx sakpennxm+cx
snanennx npnxon+t n tc+poe, necnokonoe nnxenne o+
onesnn, nosyxennx n +.n. (o kponn, cokax +ena n +.n.);
npnxon+t n nosyxennoe coc+oxnne, c cnno npoxnnx+t-
cx, nosnnka+t, tc+po cxenx+t pyr pyra (o nync+nax,
xtcnxx); t+t n nosyxennn, ecnokoc+ne, +penore (o
nenoneke) (+ax xe). Cymec+nn+entnoe nonnenne npnope-
+ae+ cnoconoc+t nastna+t ec+nne n coc+oxnne no npn-
3J
neenntx snanennxx rnaronon. Cx., nanpnxep: Bonnenne
nnaxnoc+e, cokon n nenon1neckox +1n1. 4P II 45J...
C+apantx nc1 xon nanpacnt Bonnente xtcne ycxnpn+t!
Hen.-Men. J9 (+ax xe, 39). Bo n+opo nononnne XVIII c+o-
ne+nx sa cymec+nn+entntx sakpennxe+cx snanenne nosyx-
ennoe coc+oxnne; ecnokoc+no, +penora (+ax xe). Cx.:
Hocne nennkoro nonnennx, ptannx n cnes on xne ckasan.
(4onnnsnn, Honec+nonanne xnnxoro rnyxoro n nexoro); B
cex omex paoc+nox nonnente, Uape, Iepoen npocnan-
nente, nte nxx nepnoe n yc+ax. (Kapaxsnn, Ocnooxenne
Enpont)
38
. Ha npo+xxennn nce nc+opnn cnoero ce-
xan+nneckoro pasnn+nx cnono nonnenne coxpanxe+ npxxoe
snanenne koneanne nono nonepxnoc+n. Hpe+epnena-
e+ +nonmnnm snanenne xx+ex, cxy+a. Ho xepe apxansa-
nnn y rnaronon nonnona+t n nonnona+tcx snanenn coo+-
ne+c+nenno noyxa+t k neonontc+ny, npo+ec+y n npo-
xnnx+t neonontc+no, ntpaxa+t npo+ec+ y+pannnae+cx
nenocpec+nennax cnxst xexy cexan+nko cymec+nn+ent-
noro n rnarona. annoe snanenne nxenn nannnae+ ntpaxa+t-
cx npenxymec+nenno opxo xnoxec+nennoro nncna. Cx.
ero +onkonanne n BAC: Ho:um. Macconoe npoxnnenne ne-
onontc+na; nnxenne, ntc+ynnenne npo+nn nnac+e (II,
6J4). Hanpnxep: c+yenneckne, paonne, kpec+txnckne non-
nennx, nonnennx n apxnn n +.n.
B nn+epa+ype onrapckoro Bospoxennx cymec+nn+ent-
noe nrnnenne xnorosnanno. Cx. ero yno+penenne n snane-
nnn koneanne nono nonepxnoc+n: Kn+r+r e nrome
xnno+no esnpeno, onacno sa xopennana+enn+1 caxo +o-
rast, kora+o cr nena1no+o nnxenie na onamka+a xy nnn
cr cnoe+o no+onxnanie nr noa+a n nsnas1nie na nontpxnn-
na+a n npnnnnxna nrnnenie, koe+o xoxe a npentp+n n no-
+onn kopaa (C. Bonen, Hr+ynane okono cne+a, (nepeno),
J873, 306-307). Cp. +akxe xe+aopnneckoe ncnontsonanne
nxenn: To [an+pann+r+] cx naxnpa nonene+o na x1c+a,
kon+o ca tnn nsnoxent na cnnnt nosexnt nrnnenix,
kon+o ca 1c+nynann cnnno ntpxy sexna-+a kopa (Hs-
non o+ n. 3opnnna sa J877 r., J89). Cymec+nn+entnoe
nrnnenne yno+penxe+cx n n snanennxx xacconoe ntpaxe-
nne neonontc+na, ntc+ynnenne npo+nn nnac+e n nosyx-
ennoe ymennoe coc+oxnne: Br sakonoa+enc+no +o na
Conona tno noc+anoneno, ne c1ki rpaxannnr, ko +o
32
npn napont nrnnenix ne ca npncrennxnanr na nnkox
nap+ix, a ca nakasna cr nnmenie +o na rpaxanckn +1 cn
npana (H. Mnxanonckn, H. Moxnnnon, Onepkn ns nc+opn-
x+a n naponn+e ckasannx, (nepeno), J865, J6J); Pac+pe-
nepanr [enn o+ rnrapn+e] ne o+r c+paxr, nr o+r nonnenie,
c+ana na kpaka n cx cera ne o a c+o na cp1ma n a rn1a
npano nr onn xy [na nnanka+a] (Bnrckon, Hsryena C+an-
ka, J867, 55). Cx. +akxe ncnontsonanne ++oro cnona n cone-
+annxx, ananornnntx pacnpoc+panenntx n pycckox nn+e-
pa+ypnox xstke XVIII XIX nekon yc+onnntx cone+ann-
xx nonnenne c+pac+n, nonnenne ymn, nonnenne cepen,
nonnenne nync+n, cepennoe nonnenne n no. (cx. Cn. XVIII
n., IV, 39; BAC, II, 6J4): .ako aeme+o nokonenne noncka
a ysnae npemec+nymmn+e nannennx na yxone+e n npn-
nnnn+e na Anpnncko+o nasc+anne. (3. C+oxnon, 3annckn
no rnrapckn+e nrc+annx, I, J884, 254); O+r nckyc+na+a y
+1xr ntn+1na xystka+a, ka+o nenocpec+nenno nspasenie
na yxonnt+1 nrnnenix (H. Mnxanonckn, Prkonoc+no krx
nceoma+a nc+opnx, (nepeno), I, J873, 2).
Bontmx nac+t pacnpoc+pannnmnxcx n onrapcknx co-
nnnennxx XIX neka cymec+nn+entntx na -nue tna opaso-
nana n caxox nepkonnocnanxnckox n pycckox xstkax. Ho-
npoyex npocnen+t n cpannn+t cexan+nneckym nc+opnm,
nanpnxep, o+entntx pyccknx nonoopasonann XVIII c+o-
ne+nx n pycckox n onrapckox nn+epa+ypntx xstkax.
Honoopasonannx pycckoro xstka XVIII neka nnena+ne+t-
(cx), nnena+nena+t(cx), nnena+nenne naxox+cx n +ecno
opxantno n cexan+nnecko cnxsn c penneonrapnsxox
nena+tn1+n. Inaron nnena+ne+t, noxnxo npxxoro snanennx
nnena+a+t, n+ncny+t no n+o-n.; oc+ann+t o+nena+ok, cne,
nxee+ n XVIII neke n snanennx nepenocnte nkopenn+t, npn-
nn+t, nnepn+t, nnymn+t, nnoxn+t (n yx, cepne) n+o-n.;
npnnnec+n no n+o-n., sanena+ne+t n+o-n. n cosnannn, naxx-
+n (cx. Cn. XVIII n., IV, JJ0-JJJ). Pannne ncnontsonannx o+-
rnarontnoro cymec+nn+entnoro nccneona+enn o+xenam+ n
connnennxx Tpenakonckoro
39
. XVIII nek ae+ npnxept
yno+penennx cymec+nn+entnoro n snanennn o+nnenennoro
ec+nnx. CAP I nkcnpye+ snanenne nnepenne, nkopene-
nne. Bneuam:enue :m6eu k o6poeme:u. Cp. +akxe npn-
xep, noxemennt n Cn. XVIII n.: <Pasyx n npant> on1e
sanncx+ o+ nocnn+annx, ko+opoe nenon1ky, ne +ontko k
33
nnena+n1nnm naronpannx... ec+t nectxa nyxnoe n xnsnn.
3t. J777 35 (IV, J09-JJ0). E. C. Konopckax npnnon+ an-
nte cnonape, cnne+entc+nymmne o ncnontsonannn cy-
mec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne n snanennn, cnxsannox c npx-
xtx snanennex rnarona: Bnen+nenam, eindrcken, imprime.
Bnen+nenne, cx. nnen+nenanne... Bnen, der Eindruck,
l`impression Cn. Hopc+e+a; Impression. Ha+nck, naan-
nenne, nnena+nenne ekcnkon Ta+nmena
40
. Pesynt+a+nnnoe
konkpe+noe snanenne o+nena+ok, o++nck, cne nkcnpye+
y nxenn Cn. XVIII n. Cx. npnnonxte nx npnxept: Ho-
n+n kaxo <kaxennt> nnc+ok na cnoe nonepxnoc+n
nx1n nnena+n1nne nnn... o+ptnok nnc+a kakoro nponspac-
+ennx. Hc+. Bm. I 290; Becxa xxrknx <xnnepant>, npn-
nnxammnx nnena+n1nne nor+x: xtnonka, x1n, cenenn+, +ank
n npon. Mnnep. Cnpr. J809 I 52 (IV, JJ0). Pasnn+ne pyrnx
snanenn y cnona nnena+nenne a) Hayun. O+nena+ok, o+pa-
xenne n opranax nync+n n cosnannn nenoneka, nonynaexte
npn nocnpnx+nn npexe+on n xnnenn nnemnero xnpa,
) uaue +n. Omymennx, nync+na o+ nocnpnx+nx nero-n.,
snakoxc+na c kex-, nex-n. n cne o+ nnx n naxx+n, cepne
nenoneka, n) nosec+nne, nnnxnne na koro-, n+o-n. (Cn.
XVIII n., IV, JJ0) cnxstnae+cx nccneona+enxxn c cexan-
+nnecknx nnnxnnex nexenkoro cnona Eindruck n pannys-
ckoro impression
4J
. Cx. nnnmc+pannn Cn. XVIII n.: a) Kor-
a ronoc te+ n cnyxono apaannnk, ne ntsx ne nponso+n
n xosry nnena+nennm. Mysa II 234; Kaxoe oko nonynae+
ocooe nnena+n1nne o+ onoro npexe+a. Pmn. Hen. III
63; ) Hxenn+te nnnonnnkn, yc+pamennte napontx
nnena+n1nnex on1e, nexenn caxtx nponcmec+nnex <na-
ennex nenenoro konokona>, ...c+apannct ycnokon+t rpax-
an. Kpx. MH 327; n) <Hosono+a> ne xoxe+ npo+nnn+t-
cx oxm n nnena+nennxx nosyxa. Cn. koxx. II 4J8; Ho
no cexy ckont xe na+ypantna n cnna npnx1pa pon+ent-
ckaro no xnatx, ncxknx nnena+nennxx o+neps+tx cepnax
1+e! Hpn. MB J783 33 (+ax xe). Hn+epecna nc+opnx
sakpennennx n xstke nyx nocnennx snanenn. B XVIII neke,
peannsyx ++n snanennx, cymec+nn+entnoe nnena+nenne xa-
pak+epnsonanoct onontno mnpoko cone+aexoc+tm. Tak,
ntc+ynax n snanennn nync+na, omymennx, ntsnannte sna-
koxc+nox, conpnkocnonennex c nex-, kex-n., cnono nac+o
sannxano nosnnnm npxxoro orek+a nocne rnaronon ce-
34
na+t, ynnnn+t, nponsnec+n. (Cp. p. laire impression sur
quelqu`un), nonopn+t, oc+ann+t n p. Cx. y Kapaxsnna:
Kpaco+a nst npn nepno nc+pene cenana nnena+nenne n
ero cepne; [nteca] ne cenana no xne nnkakoro npnx+-
noro nnena+nennx. Cp. +akxe mnpokne nosxoxnoc+n ynpan-
nennx pon+entntx naexox nxenn: yx kpo+oc+n ocna-
nxe+ +ontko n nac nn1na+n1nne nenon1necknx neconep-
menc+n, ne co nc1x nac ocn1nnxx. 3pn+. III 224 (Cn.
XVIII n., IV, JJ0). Hoc+enenno ns ++oro snanennx ntenxe+cx
ero o++enok onenka, xnenne, cnoxnnmeecx y koro-n. n pe-
synt+a+e snakoxc+na c nex-, kex-n.. Cx. n xstke XVIII neka:
Mnoro naono ak+epy nckycc+na n aponann, n+o nep-
noe ne ntronoe nx cex nnena+nenne n1naro copannx
nepex1nn+t n cnom nontsy. 3pn+. III 35 (Cn. XVIII n., +ax
xe). C +enennex npexenn cymec+nn+entnoe +epxe+ nac+t
cnonx c+aptx cnxse, yc+anannnnae+cx +o+ kpyr cnonocone-
+ann, n ko+optx ono peannsye+ nasnannoe snanenne n ero
o++enok: nponsnec+n na koro-n. xopomee, npnx+noe, nnoxoe
nnena+nenne; oc+ann+t xopomee n +.n. nnena+nenne; noe-
nn+tcx, oxenx+tcx nnena+nennxxn; pacckasa+t o ntnx-n.
nnena+nennxx; cosae+cx, cknatnae+cx nnena+nenne, n+o...
n nek. p.
Bo n+opo nononnne XVIII nepno nononnne XIX neka
cnoontxn xnnxnnct cnn+akcnneckne cnxsn cymec+nn+ent-
noro nnena+nenne n snanennn nnnxnne, nosec+nne na koro-,
n+o-n. Kpoxe npnneennoro ntme npnxepa, cx. +akxe: Ta-
konte xnorokpa+no non+opxexte mnomec+ny nnena+nennx
ykpennxm+ ymy (4onnnsnn, Paccyxenne o nannonantnox
nmonec+nn); Hocexy norn xenee nxem+ +enno+t, n nne-
na+nenne nnemnero nosyxa tnae+ n nnx cnntnee (Honn-
kon, O nocnn+annn n nac+annennn e+e); Moxe+ nn co-
c+oxnne t+t nocxn+n+entnee, kak coc+oxnne nenoneka nyn-
c+nymmero nnena+nennx xnnonncn, xystkn, +annonantx n
c+nxo+nopc+na (Ba++, O cnoontx naykax)
42
. Ha ncnont-
sonanne cymec+nn+entnoro n ++ox snanennn +akxe okast-
nam+ nnnxnne cnn+akcnneckne cnxsn pannysckoro cnona:
mn, ko+optx snan x, n ynnxy nepes n1ckontko n1+,
1nam+ nensrxcnnxoe nnena+nenne na xtcnn xon. MM III
J58; Bce oreknnn Axeno+a n kapnnana x ne oc+annn es
onponepxennx, ...+ak n+o ecnn n neconc1x nx cknonnn, +o
na1mct, n1ko+opoe nnena+n1nne na nnx nponsnen. Kn+.
35
en. J29 (Cn. XVIII n., IV, JJ0). Bnocnec+nnn cone+aexoc+t
cnona n annox snanennn orpannnnnae+cx, n+o npnnon+ k
cyxennm caxoro snanennx. B conpexennox xstke ono pea-
nnsye+cx +ontko n cnonocone+annxx nponsnec+n (cnntnoe n
+.n.) nnena+nenne na koro-n.; naxon+tcx no nnena+nennex
n nek. p.
H+o kacae+cx snanennx ec+nnx no rnarony nnena+ne+t
(nnymn+t, ykopenn+t, nnepn+t; sanena+ne+t n nex-n.), +o
ono eme o+xenae+cx y cymec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne n
nepno nononnne XIX neka. Cx. y Kapaxsnna: Hn+a+ent
saxe+n+, n+o onnctnam exnnx ne nposnt, no roax n nxx,
no conokynnxm nx nx yonemero nnena+nennx n naxx-
+n (Hc+opnx rocyapc+na Poccnckoro). B antnemex
cymec+nn+entnoe n ++ox snanennn ntxon+ ns yno+pene-
nnx.
Paxkaxn XVIII nepno nononnnt XIX neka orpannne-
no ncnontsonanne cnona nnena+nenne n snanennn cne, o+-
nena+ok, o++nck nero-n. Cx. y Hymknna: Vx nepc+nx nep-
noro y+pa+x nnena+nente, Pac+onnennt cypryn knnn+.
Coxx. nnctxo (BAC, II, 762).
Bonrapckne nn+epa+ypnte naxx+nnkn Bospoxennx am+
xnoronncnennte npnxept ncnontsonannx cymec+nn+ent-
noro nnena+nenne n +pex ocnonntx snanennxx. Zcno ne-
pennnpye+cx orpannnennoe cepo naynno penn snanenne
o+nena+ok, o+paxenne n opranax nync+n nenoneka, ero co-
snannn npexe+on n xnnenn nnemnero xnpa: 3p1n|e+o n
cnyxa na-xnoro nnena+nennx okapna+r (x. Hn+annme,
J87J, kn. 23, 7J7); Honx+|e sa n1kou nemt cx napnna
nnena+n1n|e-+o, koe+o oc+ana na yx- nn, kora +ax nemt no-
nann nor nync+na +a nn nnn okann o +1xr (H. Moxnn-
non, Hncxennna na cnanxncknx esnk, J847, J); O+r ncnnkn-
+1 sapn, kon-+o nsnnsa+r o+r npexe+r-+r n naa+r na oko-
+o, nponsnoxa+r nnena+nen|e caxo +1sr, kon-+o nnnsa+r n
nenennnr-+r (H. H. Imsenen, 4nsnka, J874, 302).
Cone+aexoc+t cymec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne n snane-
nnn nync+na, omymennx o+ nocnpnx+nx nnn snakoxc+na c
nex-, kex-n., a +akxe cne o+ nnx n cepne nenoneka, ero
naxx+n n onrapcknx naxx+nnkax Bospoxennx ananornn-
na cone+aexoc+n ++oro cnona n pycckox xstke n+opo no-
nonnnt XVIII nepno nononnnt XIX neka: Asr ne caxr
nr cac+oxnne a nn onnma onnx nnena+n1nnx, kon+o ncnn-
36
+a capne+o xn, kora+o ca sanp1xr na +ona x1c+o. (H.
Xn+on, Moe+o nr+ynanne no C+apa nnannna, J872, J2); Io-
pa+a nr 3arper 1me saonkonena o+r eno xnoropono
xnoxec+no... Asr xnrpnnxr nrsr nero ennr rpsr norner
n nrpno+o xn nnena+nenne n1xa nanc+nna n1mo nenpnx+-
no (x. Hn+annme, J875, kn. II, 5JJ); n cone+annn c rnarona-
xn npanx, nponsnexax, oc+anxx, npnnnnxnax, ynnnxnax n
no.: Haanne+o n nsronnanne+o na Mn+xa+r-nama npons-
neoxa xexy +ykamno+o cx1ceno nacenenne n cx1cenn
nnena+nennx (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J877, 27J); Basc+anne-
+o npn Bapr-ko... e oc+annno y +1xr anoko nnena+ne-
nne (+ax xe, J876, 94); Tona e ntpnt Xpnc+|xnnnr, ko
c+ananr nama, n nr Apnay+cko +osn cnyna e ynnnnnr
ron1xo nnene+nen|e (ras. Brnr. nennnna, J857, N J2, 47);
n cone+annn c sanncnxtx pon+entntx naexox nxenn:
Anc+p|nn+1 onxkna+r o+r ennr cnocoenr nnnoxa+r,
a nxr cx nrsnrpne onsn xapak+epr, koro+o nsrynxa o+r
nnenx+nen|e+o na nrnennn+1 nymkt (ras. ynan, n. II, N
J33, J866, 2). O+ne+nnno ntenxe+cx n o++enok snanennx
onenka, xnenne, npec+annenne, cnoxnnmeecx y koro-n.
nocne snakoxc+na c kex-, nex-n., kon+ak+a c kex-n.: .ako
a 1xa nxann +asn rpaxancka cnooa sa kou+o ro-
nopu m1xa nernn... a nn oc+ana+r xnoro no-np|x+no
nnenx+nen|e sa +1xno+o oc+onnc+no (x. Hn+annme, J87J,
kn. J7, 5J9); Kora+o ro nonn+a Knxnn-nama sa nnena+ne-
nne+o na caennx+r nanpocr, 1+o e npnca1c+nonanr,
+o xy o+ronopn, ne xy ca c+opnno cpaxno (ras. Hona
Brnrapnx, J876, J06).
3nanenne nnnxnne, nosec+nne na koro-, n+o-n. +pe-
+te n nocnenee ns ocnonntx snanenn cnona nnena+nenne,
sapernc+pnponanntx n naxx+nnkax onrapckoro Bospoxe-
nnx
43
: o cera +ne [rnrapn+e] ca nne canc1xr nyxn
o+r nonn+nneckn nnena+nennx. (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876,
34,); Tona oc+ox+enc+no, pac+rnkynano n oxcneno, na-
npann cnnno nnena+n1nne na nac+poenn+1 nr nonsa na ynn-
x+a npoc+n yxone (Hepnonnecko cnncanne na Brnrapcko-
+o knnxonno pyxec+no, J888, 653); .opasynaxa ce xankn
rpynn, kon+o oxnnneno rrnnaxa nor nnena+nenne+o na
nponon1t+a (H. Bason, Con., XXIII, J38). Onennno, onpe-
enennax nac+t ne cnoc+nenntx conpexennoxy xstky cnn-
+akcnnecknx cnxse cymec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne noep-
37
xnnanact snanennxxn ynknnonnpymmnx n onrapckox xst-
ke XIX neka rnaronon nnena+nxnax (npensnnknax, nnyma-
nax nxkakno nync+no y nxkoro; sanasnax, sarpxax, sa+-
nrpxnax n crsnanne+o cn nemo PBE, II, 379), nnena+nx-
nax ce (rnoko ce sa+nrpxnax n crsnanne+o na nxkoro
+ax xe). Btxo ns yno+penennx ++nx rnaronon
44
onxen
tn okasa+t onpeenennoe nnnxnne na pasnn+ne cone+aexo-
c+n n snanenn cymec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne. 3+o pasnn-
+ne mno n +ox xe nanpannennn, n+o n n pycckox xstke, no-
++oxy ocnonnte conpexennte snanennx cnona n oonx xst-
kax connaam+. B +o xe npexx nanmam+cx neko+opte
pasnnnnx n cnn+akcnnecknx n nekcnnecknx cnxsxx pycckoro
n onrapckoro cnon. Tak, nanpnxep, ecnn ns napnan+on ne-
peann pannysckoro laire impression sur... n pycckox xstke
coxpanxe+cx nponsnon+t nnena+nenne, +o n conpexennox
onrapckox xstke sakpennxe+cx npanx nnena+nenne. Hpn-
xept, noonte npnnonxtx nnxe, ocosnam+cx no-
cn+enxxn xstka kak pesynt+a+ pycckoro nnnxnnx: B kprro-
ne+e na noconc+no+o noneenne+o na Coonena e nponsne-
no n es +ona nomo nnena+nenne (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e
na crnpexenna Brnrapnx, I, J973, 364); C+pax nn e caxo a
ne nn cnnna+. B cxncrn, a ne nponsneex nxkoxy nomo
nnena+nenne (H. Honon. eek+ na spenne+o, Hs xnno+a
na npoponn+e, J982, 59). Cx. nenosxoxnoc+t ocnonnoro
nepenoa na pycckn xstk onrapckoro ntpaxennx oc+a-
nax c nnena+nenne(+o), ne... (cxnamax, pasnpax, nopas-
npax, noxncnxx, c+pyna xn ce, ne... PBE, II, 378). Cp. pyc.
xne kaxe+cx, n+o..; y xenx cosae+cx, cknatnae+cx nne-
na+nenne, n+o... Cp. +akxe onrapckne konc+pyknnn npann
nnena+nenne ak+r+, ne..; npann nnena+nenne, ne... n pycckne
nponsnon+ nnena+nenne (+o+) ak+, n+o..; nponsnon+ nne-
na+nenne +o, n+o... (oxsa+entnax saxemennoc+t nosnnnn
rpaxxa+nneckoro cyrek+a n rnanno npenka+nnno nac-
+n pyccknx konc+pyknn) n no. Ec+ec+nenno, n+o c nponec-
cox paseonornsannn cnxsano pasnn+ne snanenn, sakpen-
nenntx sa cone+annex cnon n nenox. Cx., nanp., onr. npa-
nn xn (nanpann xn) nnena+nenne na nxkakrn. Pase. Mncnx,
c+pyna xn ce. ...Hanpann xn nnena+nenne na nec+en nonek
(PBE, II, 378); cp. pyc. nponsnon+t, nponsnec+n nnena+ne-
nne koro kasa+tcx, nokasa+tcx koxy-n. kex-n.; ntstna+t,
38
ntsna+t y koro-n. xtcnn o cee kak o kox-n.: On nponsnen
na xenx nnena+nenne nec+noro nenoneka.
Co n+opox nononnnt XVIII neka n pycckox xstke nony-
nae+ pacnpoc+panenne cymec+nn+entnoe snanenne. An+opt
nccneonannx ekcnneckne nonoopasonannx n pycckox
xstke XVIII n. npnnox+ onn ns pannnx npnxepon ero
yno+penennx: Ce nnac+n n Poccncko nxnepnn kpoxe
xonapxon nnk+o n nonnox snanennn ne xoxe+ nxe+t (ec-
nnnkn, Ma+epnant nx koxnccnn o Vnoxennn, J768, 34)
45
.
Cx. +akxe: B +ea+pantnox cxtcne osnanae+ ono [cnono
akuuenuun] opok nnn nomnnny c nxemmnx n cyax eno;
no npxxoe snanenne ero ec+t +o, n+o nckycno nooea+t y
npocn+enx. (Hensnec+nt an+op, Ont+ nemec+nennoro
Poccnckoro cnonapx, J79J). Hapannentno ak+nnno ncnont-
sym+cx cnnonnxt snaxenonanne, pasyx, cxtcn: Becnoo-
no, ecnpnxepno. Oa cnn cnona +o x nxenn snaxenonanne
y npekon namnx, kak n y ntnemnnx meronnx; c +om +ontko
pasnnnem, n+o yno+penxm+ nx neonnakono, nnn, nynme
ckasa+t, n concex n npo+nnnox cxtcne (Ont+ xonoro
cnonapx merontckoro napennx, J772); Hac+o es pasopy
ronopn+cx: on nee+ xnsnt ecnoponnym, opoe+entnym,
nec+nym; no n+o ysna+t, nce nn cnn ntpaxennx enno-
opasno yno+penx+t xoxno, nanexn+ onpeenn+t pasyx
kaxoro (4onnnsnn, Ont+ Poccnckoro cocnonnnka, J783).
Cx. +akxe cnnonnxnnnoe ncnontsonanne cnona osnanenne,
ko+opoe, noono cymec+nn+entnoxy snanenne, xnnxe+cx
nonoopasonannex XVIII neka
46
: Cnonox, naono ns co-
epxannx nce penn pacnosnana+t, n kakox osnanennn yno+-
peneno +akonoe nasnanne (+ax xe). B XIX c+one+nn cno-
no snanenne pacmnpxe+ cepy cnoero ncnontsonannx. Cn.
J847 r. nkcnpye+ eme +ontko ono ero snanenne: 3nanen|e.
Honx+|e, coennennoe cr kaknxr nno cnonox; snaxenonan|e.
O6zncnnmt snauenie c:oez (II, 93). ant npnnon+ ne-
ckontko snanenn: 3nanente cp. cxtcnr, coepxante, sna-
xenonante; nara, naxnoc+t; cymnoc+t, nc+oc+t. 3nauente
nanucu +mo nencno. 3nauente c:oea koca pas:uuno.
He npuaea c:yuanocmu oco6aeo snauenin. 3nauente
+moeo canoenuka ee:uko, no nnac+n, nnixnim, yxy n np. (I,
689). B +onkonannn n nnnmc+pannxx anx no cymec+ny yxe
npec+annent non+n nce ocnonnte snanennx cymec+nn+ent-
noro, n ko+optx ono ncnontsye+cx n n nac+oxmee npexx.
39
Cx. yno+penenne cnona c ++nxn snanennxxn n XIX neke:
a) coepxanne, cymnoc+t, cxtcn nero-n. Ee +peno-
xn+ cnonnente. He snax, kak ero nonx+t, Men+antx
c+pamnoro snanente Ta+txna xone+ o+tcka+t Hymknn, Enr.
Onernn (npnxep ns Cn. Hymknna, II, J54); ) naxnoc+t, sna-
nn+entnoc+t, nennoc+t koro-, nero-n. Hymknn, ne y+pa-
nnnax n nac+oxmex n yymex cnoero snanennx kak no++
nennkn, +ex ne xenee tn n no++ox cnoero npexenn Bennn-
ckn, Con. A. Hymknna (npnxep ns BAC, IV, J300); n) pont,
nasnanenne koro-, nero-n. Hyxno xe nonx+t, nakonen, sna-
nenne nnca+enx, nyxno nonx+t, n+o ero opyxne cnono,
yexenne, a ne xa+epnantnax cnna oponmon (npnxep
ns MAC, I, 6J8). Heko+opte ns o++enkon snanennx ++oro cy-
mec+nn+entnoro, ko+opte tnn exy cnoc+nennt n XIX
neke, n nac+oxmee npexx yc+apenn. Cx., nanpnxep, ncnont-
sonanne cnona n snanennn nnac+t, nnnxnne Mentnnkontx-
Henepcknx: Hpn o+cy+c+nnn noxemnkon n ynpannxmmnx,
+ak nastnaexte +tcxnnnkn nontsonannct ontmnx snane-
ntex. Bcx npoxtmnennoc+t n nx pykax B necax (npnxep ns
BAC, IV, J30J).
Te xe snanennx annoro cymec+nn+entnoro npec+anne-
nt n nn+epa+ypntx naxx+nnkax onrapckoro Bospoxennx:
a) 3a xnoro npexe Pnxnann-+1 ca neosx1naxa sa
snanenie-+o na +o raa+ennt o+n1+r... (H. H. Cnane-
kon, Cxecna kn+ka, J852, 3J); .moxr ce sexe yxa+a nr
konkpe+no+o n snanenne. (Hpo+okonn+e na Vnpe. nap.
crpanne, J879, 7); ) Tona npannno, sa a npnae no-nene
snanenne na nepnenc+no+o ennckoncko, sarnxana ncnnkn+1
ennckonn a nosnana+r enoro, ka+o rnana. (H. Tonen,
Hepapx. napea na nepkna+a (nepeno) Hepnonnecko
cnncanne.., J873, kn.7 n 8, 50); Bcnnkn-+e +1sn np1xe+n,
enn a nokasna+r nannonannn-+e onnan, pyrn a sacnn-
e+enc+nyna+r sanoenannx-+a ca o+r nc+opnnecko snane-
nne (e+oc+py, J874, 245); n) Tona ka+o e +r, cnyxa+a
n snanenne+o na xnaexa nr omec+nenn xnno+r c+ana+r
o+r na naxnn+1 (Hn+annme, J870, 97-98). C ++nxn snane-
nnxxn cymec+nn+entnoe yno+penxe+cx n n conpexennox
onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke. Hsnec+nt n XIX neke
o++enok snanennx nnac+t, nnnxnne n nac+oxmee npexx, +ak
xe kak n n pycckox xstke, yc+apen: .ocnannr snanenie-+o
na ptxxnnt cropr n npncnonnr ncnnka-+a ptxxnna
40
nnac+t (H. Ipyen, Kpa+ka nceoma nc+opnx (nepeno), J858,
93).
O+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe oropnenne +akxe o+no-
cn+cx k nncny nonoopasonann pycckoro xstka XVIII neka.
An+opt ykasanno ntme xonorpann o+xenam+, n+o cno-
no oropnenne nannnax c 30-x roon XVIII n., kora ono na-
nnnano nxon+t n mnpokoe yno+penenne, n na npo+xxennn
ncero XVIII n. nc+penae+cx +ontko n cone+annxx npnno-
n+t n oropnenne nnn npnxon+t n oropnenne
47
. Cx.
npnxept: Ho Kynnon ncera xenx npnnyxan, n+o ex
nonec+t n ero xpax, sa n+o ncera ona na xenx n oropnenne
npnxonna (Esa n oc+pon nmnn, nepeno Tpenakoncko-
ro, J730); Hoy pacckaxy e nce ero yxtcnt, npnney na
nero n kpanee oropnenne (B. H. yknn, Mo+.); Takax ec-
noonax nontnoc+t xoxe+ nn nac kora nnyt npo+nny
xyxe npnnon+t n oropnenne (nnonncen, J772)
48
. B ++nx
cone+annxx cnono oropnenne ntpaxae+ snanenne coc+oxnnx,
npnnex ns npnneenntx ntme npnxepon nnno, n+o cexan-
+nka nxenn coo+nocn+cx c yc+apenmnx n nac+oxmee npexx
snanennex rnarona oropnn+tcx (oropna+tcx) one+tcx,
ockopn+tcx. Bo n+opo nononnne XVIII neka cymec+nn-
+entnoe oropnenne nc+penanoct, onako, n n pyrnx cone-
+annxx, peannsyx npn ++ox snanenne nync+no ropenn, y-
mennax ont: A kak x o+ poxennx xoero ne snan, n+o
ec+t c+t, ...a xentme eme +oro pasyxen o nenpnnnnnoc+n,
+o ...nnmnncx n koxna+nym oxa namero enky ...n ce-
nancx n kopo+koe npexx nenontnnkox pat cnoe. Takono
cnyna npnnnnnn nexanoe oropnenne n caxtx xonx pon-
+enxx. (Hensnec+nt an+op, Cnec+nnx xyoro nocnn+a-
nnx, nnonncen, J772). Cp. +akxe n sannckax A. Bono+ona:
H xt ne xornn es oropnennx cnyma+t +oro, n+o ona nax
o nex, no nosnpamennn cnoex, pasckastnana; no ne xox-
no tno, n+o ne coxane+t o cex opox n nec+nox c+apn-
ke.; .a k yxnoxennm oropnennx ero n xena, oc+anmaxcx
nocne onaro [ctna], cenanact neronom n +ontko c+t n
esnec+ne ero axnnnn nanocxmem (nsnt n npnknmne-
nnx Anpex Bono+ona.). B pyrnx kon+ekc+ax snanennx nyn-
c+no n coc+oxnne +pyno nepennnpona+t: Ennax
npnntnka ero [entxapmana By+ypnnna] nac+o norynn-
na+t n axe nn+t nnora n kpyxky c caxtxn nontxn nmt-
xn, nanonna na ncex n oropnenne, n neroonanne npenenn-
4J
koe (+ax xe). Cn. J847 r. npnnon+ na snanennx cymec+nn-
+entnoro: J) 1c+nie oropnnnmaro. 2) Coc+oxnie orop-
nennaro. Hpumu ez oeopuenie (III, 46). Hymknn ncnontsy-
e+ cnono n snanennn nync+no ropx, ropenn, ymennax ont
(Cn. Hymknna, III, 79). 3+o cymec+nn+entnoe xoxe+ ntpa-
xa+t y Hymknna n coc+oxnne: J9 nmnx npnme npoc+n+t-
cx c rpaox Hackennnex, x namen ero n cnntnox oropne-
nnn (npnxep ns Cn. Hymknna, cx. +ax xe). Cn. Hymknna
nkcnpye+ n o++enok snanennx cnona: +o, n+o koro-n. orop-
nae+, oc+annxe+ nenpnx+noc+n... H. nsnpae+ cee n nanepc-
nnkn H<enckn> Hpocnek+ on onepxe+ exy nce cnon o-
xamnne ecnokoc+na, nce cexec+nennte oropnennx. Hna-
nt. (III, 80). Cpannn+e c anntxn Cn. anx: Oropnente
cp. 1c+. n coc+n. no rn. na +t n na cx; ff caxoe 1no, cny-
na, n+o oropnae+r (II, 647). Cx. +ax xe snanennx rnaro-
non: Oropna+t, oropnn+t koro, ockopn+t, onenann+t;
on1+t; ontno sa+pony+t cepne, npanc+nennym c+opo-
ny. ...-cx, t+t oropnaexy; ff nenann+tcx, ckop1+t, rpyc-
+n+t, ropena+t; onxa+tcx, ockopnx+tcx n1xr
49
.
antnemee pasnn+ne snanenn cymec+nn+entnoro cnx-
sano c cexan+nnecko +nonmnne rnaronon oropnn+t (orop-
na+t), oropnn+tcx (oropna+tcx). C +enennex npexenn n nx
cexan+nke nepec+am+ nepennnpona+tcx +nexen+t
ockopn+t, one+t, ockopn+tcx, one+tcx, a +akxe
ckope+t. Cyxnnae+cx n snanenne o+rnarontnoro nxenn.
Cx. +onkonannx conpexenntx cnonape: nync+no ocat,
ropenn, ntsnannoe kako-nno neyane, nenpnx+noc+tm
(BAC, VIII, 637); ymennax ont, pacc+poc+no (MAC, II,
588); nenpnx+noc+t, ymennax ont (Cn. Oxerona, 380).
Opa+nx nnnxanne na +o, n+o nync+no, nastnaexoe conpe-
xenntx cymec+nn+entntx oropnenne, ne xoxe+ cpannn+t-
cx no rnynne n cnne co c+paannex, ropex nnn ckoptm,
+.e. ++o nync+no nnn coc+oxnne ntstnam+cx ne c+ont sna-
nn+entntxn npnnnnaxn. Cpannn+e, onako, y Hymknna:
C ecnokoc+nox x ntnptrnyn ns knn+kn, n nnxy: xa-
+ymka nc+penae+ xenx na kptntne c nnox rnyokoro
oropnennx. Tnme, ronopn+ ona xne, o+en onen npn
cxep+n n xenae+ c +oom npoc+n+tcx Kann+anckax onka
(BAC, VIII, 637).
B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke n+opox nononnnt
XIX nanana XX neka cymec+nn+entnoe oropnenne mnpo-
42
ko ncnontsye+cx n snanennn nenpnx+noc+t, ntstnammax
nync+no ropenn, ont, ckopn; necnac+te: Iopki! ctpne+o
xy ne npenync+nyname nnkakr, ne +axr meme a nax1pn
no ron1xt yropnenix! (H. Kncnxon, O+kpn+ne+o na Axe-
pnka (nepeno), II, J876, J8J); 3a rapnn+e naanne+o na
Mn+xa+r-nama 1me ron1xo oropnenne, samo+o +1 cnn-
+axa o+anna +ox xnnnc+pr sa nokponn+enr na +1xnn+e
nn+epecn nr Typcko (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J877, 272); O+r
+ornnamno+o npann+enc+no ca nne ronenn, ...o+r cnon+1
cn yckopxnann, n +nx opn xopnna, esr a rn1a+r na
xnoxec+no+o cnankn n yropnennx, ...cr ron1xo +rpnenne
ca cnenane cnx+o+o cn 1no [napono+o opasonanne] (H.
Bnrckon, naxa pa+x, J888, 85); ...cr +ona nxr x o+rpnanr,
+ax np1nec+na cnpo+a, o+r +onkosr nm+n oropnennx, n nxr
x nanpannnr mac+nnna. (H. Bason, Ho nro+o); Hpn
nocn1no+o xy roc+ynane nr B1na-Hepkna, xy ce cnynn eno
ron1xo oropnenne n o+r +orana ne ce nrpna nene (H. Ba-
son, Hona sexx). Hnan Bason ncnontsye+ ++o cnono +akxe n
snanennn ockopnenne, ona: .necr nnxxr onyenr,
ne xon+e opn nync+na ca nnn sanoospenn n xn ce nane-
ce nesacnyxeno oropnenne (Hncxa o Enrennx Mapc);
Uapm, asr 1xs +no nparr, namnx por 1 rnoko on-
enr o+r Hnana-Ac1nx. Ho nar nnnnn+1 oropnennx c+on
Brnrapnx (Crn., XX, 5J). Cpannn+e snanennx rnaronon:
oropnanax (oropna) npnnnnxm ymennym ont, ntstnam
nync+no ropenn, ckopn; onxam, ockopnxm; oropnanax
ce (oropna ce) ncnt+tnam nync+no ropenn, ckopn; on-
xamct, ockopnxmct .mo+o n xorno n na-xanko a
rn oropnn nnn a nponsn1e nr +1xnn+e capna nenpnx+no
oc1manne (ras. 3nanne, I, J875, N 8, J24); .enaemr nn
a nantemr npara cn esr opyxie? xenaemr nn a ro orop-
nnmr n a ro nanpannmr a no1cn1e? (A. Ipann+ckn,
Hoynn+ennn penn na c+apn+e nnocon (nepeno), J854,
J0J); Hxa nenon1nn kon+o nsnnsa+r nsr ckrpn-+1 n
c+paanix-+a cn onnc+enn... Ho nxa n pyrt nenon1nt, ko-
n+o nnkakr ne cx nonsyna+r o+r ckrpn-+1 n c+paanix-+a
cn; +1 c+ana+r +ntpornann, oropnana+r cx n cx o+nana+r
(Hsnon o+ n. 3opnnna sa J877 r., J56). 3nanenne onxam,
ockopnxm rnarona oropnanax, onennno, nxeno o++enok
ntstnam neonontc+no, nosxymenne, neroonanne, a rna-
ron oropnanax ce xor yno+penx+tcx co snanennex ncnt-
43
+tnam neonontc+no, nosxymenne, npnxoxy n neroonanne:
.c1xa nponxna kanka o+r cnanxncka kpant +exko me na-
ne na xnnnonn capna... me oropnn n pacnann Hexn+e,
Honxnn+e, Pycn+e (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, 87); Co+n-
+e n ynexn+e ca xnoro oropnenn na Mnxa+r nama, n ca
kax+r, sa 1+o ca ro nasnncnnn kora+o +o ne nnr mna-
nenr (+ax xe, 36); Tona ynnsn+enno ycnonie sa Hpycix
nx1c+o a y+ntpn nnixnie-+o na Hanoneona, okapa na-
npo+nnr, nockopo nerono-+o naanie; samo-+o, o+r ena
c+pana npyccki napor cx oropnn o na-nncoka c+tnenr
npo+nnr penckix sanoena+ent, a o+r pyra ynecnn
yxnoxenie-+o na npyccka-+a nocka (e+oc+py, J87J, 2J2).
C ++o rnarontno cexan+nko tno cnxsano eme ono sna-
nenne cymec+nn+entnoro oropnenne neonontc+no, nos-
xymenne, neroonanne: Br Anrnnx e saknnxno oropne-
nne npo+nnr +ypnn+e. (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, 56);
C+paxr nn e, ne anrnncko+o oropnenne e sakacn1no, n ne
me xoxe a np1nn na nona+a nsxexy Pycnx n Typnnx.
(+ax xe, J29).
Tak xe kak n n pycckox xstke, cexan+nneckax c+pyk+ypa
cymec+nn+entnoro oropnenne c +enennex npexenn nnons-
xenxe+cx. B cnxsn c y+pa+o o+entntx snanenn rnaronon
yc+apenam+ n coo+ne+c+nymmne snanennx cymec+nn+ent-
noro. B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XX neka cnono
oropnenne npoonxae+ ncnontsona+tcx n snanennn cot-
+ne, nponcmec+nne, ntstnammee nync+no neyonontc+nnx,
ropenn; nenpnx+noc+t: Boxr ce oxenx+r, m1nr a nany-
c+ne cnyxa+a n a o+nopn akannnna nr ceno. Be ce nape-
x+r, me cn saxnn1x+r... Ho oropnennx+a ne sakrcn1xa a
ce xnx+r (I. Panen, 3na+nnx+ knmn, J942, J74). C+ont xe
mnpoko ++o cymec+nn+entnoe yno+penxe+cx n snanennn
nync+no ropenn, ymennax ont: Ionxxo n +exko orop-
nenne ckr+a +o n crpne+o cn (. nnon, Honnnka+a na Boxn
apen, J96J, 8). Tonkonte cnonapn orxcnxm+ snanenne
cnona cneymmnx opasox: Oc+pa ymenna onka, npn-
nnnena o+ nxkoro nnn o+ nemo; xrka, ckpr, +rra (PCBKE,
II, 333); ymenna onka, nenpnx+noc+, ckpr (BTP, 573).
Cymec+nn+entnoe nomno n coc+an knnxnoro paseonorns-
xa nsnnnax (nsnnx) nama+a na oropnenne+o +rpnennno
nonacxx ncnnkn c+paannx o kpa (PCBKE, II, 333). Cx.
y H. Basona: As nsnnx nama+a na oropnennx+a o rno+o n
44
cera xaynax a nkycx o+ cnaknx nek+ap na o+xrmenne-
+o (PCBKE, +ax xe). Cpannn+e opxt pycckoro
paseonornsxa: nn+t (ntnn+t, ncnn+t, onn+t) <roptkym>
namy o na; nn+t (ntnn+t, ncnn+t, onn+t) <o na> ropt-
kym namy nero. B xstke nocnennx ecx+nne+n cymec+nn-
+entnoe oropnenne, +ak xe kak n n conpexennox pycckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke, onennno, yxe ne cnocono oosna-
na+t nync+no, ko+opoe xoxno tno t +onkona+t c noxo-
mtm cnon xrka, ckpr, +rra. Hastnaexoe cymec+nn+ent-
ntx nync+no ne c+ont xynn+entno, cnntno n rnyoko. Cp.:
Vx ro e nanycnana, a nce sa nero ronopn... o+crxa c
oropnenne Bnk+op (. Acenon, Tasn kprn.., J976, J05); .sa-
na+a e nspnnena o+ nrsxymenne n neckpnnano oropne-
nne, kora+o na nrnpoc o+ sana+a Bxpno nn e, ne npann+en-
c+no+o cn e noano oc+anka+a? He+rp Mnaenon o+rono-
pn y+nrpn+enno (ras. Horne, 5. II. J990, N 6) n no.
Ho cnne+entc+ny an+opon xonorpann ekcnneckne
nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n., nepnax nekcn-
korpanneckax nkcannx o+rnarontnoro cymec+nn+entno-
ro ncknmnenne ana n Poccnckox c nexenknx n pannys-
cknx nepenoaxn cnonape Hopc+e+a (J780-J782)
50
. Haxx+-
nnkn enono n naynno nnctxennoc+n 60-x roon XVIII
c+one+nx am+ npnxept ero ncnontsonannx n cone+annxx
sa ncknmnennex nero-, koro-n., c ncknmnennex nero-, koro-n.:
.copt sa ncknmnennex nsepxek npn ontx c+ont xanonax-
nt, n+o ne c+ox+ n c+apannx (ecnnnkn, Ma+epnant nx
koxnccnn o Vnoxennn, J768); A +e nemn, ko+optxn ka-
ko nenonek nontsye+cx onn c ncknmnennex pyrnx nast-
nae+cx coc+nennax ero nemn (Z. Kosentckn, 4nnocon-
neckne npenoxennx, J768)
5J
. B ++n xe rot cymec+nn+ent-
noe nannnae+ nkcnpona+tcx n snanennn o+c+ynnenne, o+-
knonenne o+ omero nopxka, omnx npannn: Kora n
kakox sakone ncknmnennx, orpannnennx n yxepennx ne na-
ont, +o ropaso nynme nx ne nonara+t (Hakas e.n.n.
Eka+epnnt B+optx.., J767)
52
. Cn. J847 r. o+xenae+ +pn sna-
nennx ++oro cnona: J) 1c+nie ncknmnammaro n ncknm-
nnnmaro. Hck:muenie usz c:yx6u. 2) To, n+o ncknmneno.
HDmz noumu npaeu:a 6esz uck:muenin. 3) Mam.
Ocnooxenie ypanneni o+r n1ko+optxr nensn1c+ntxr
nennnnnr (II, J35). Hocnenee snanenne cnxsano c +epxn-
nonornnecknx snanennex rnarona ncknmna+t Mam. Ocno-
45
oxa+t ypannenix o+r n1ko+optxr nensn1c+ntxr nenn-
nnnr (+ax xe). V Hymknna cymec+nn+entnoe ncknmnenne
nastnae+ ec+nne no rnarony n o+knonenne, o+c+ynnenne
o+ nopxt, omnx npannn: An+op nnc+ocepenno npnsna-
e+cx, n+o on ntnyc+nn ns cnoero poxana nenym rnany, n koe
onncano tno ny+emec+nne Onernna no Poccnn. ...H. A. Ka+e-
nnn <...> saxe+nn nax, n+o cne ncknmnenne, xoxe+ t+t n
ntronoe nx nn+a+ene, npen+ onako x nnany nenoro
connnennx; Knnronpoanen. mnm nam rnen. Takon no++!
Hpnnnnt namnx oropnenn Mne sna+t ne ntsx; no ncknm-
nenn nx xnntx ax yxenn ne+? (Cn. Hymknna, II, 237).
C ++nxn ocnonntxn snanennxxn cymec+nn+entnoe npoon-
xae+ yno+penx+tcx na npo+xxennn ncero XIX neka n n co-
npexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke.
B onrapcknx nn+epa+ypntx naxx+nnkax n+opo nono-
nnnt XIX neka cnono ncknmnenne ncnontsye+cx kak c rna-
rontntx, +ak n c pesynt+a+nnntx snanennex: a) .+pe+i,
ocnonnt sakonr sa xtcnenie, ko-+o e nsn1c+enr nor nxx
sakonr sa ncknmnenie +pe+e+o nnn cp1ne-+o. (H. Ipyen,
Kpa+ka nornka (nepeno), J86J, 3J); A ako ncka+r, npann-
+enc+na+a na +1sn apxann xora+r a yapxa+r c+pora
ney+pannoc+t n kaxr n1+e c+pann, esr ncknmnenne oa-
ne na npano+o a xoxe n caxa-+a apxana a npoana xpa-
na n pyrn noennn npnnacn, na kox+o me o+r nommmn+e
c+pann (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, 34); .sa onknonennn+1
np1c+annnnn axnnc+nx ne xoxe n a nxa. T1xno+o nsknm-
nenne o+r pycko-anc+pncko+o np1noxenne e onpanano.
(ras. Hpxnopen, J903, N 85, J); ) Hpn ncnnko +ona sakonr-
+r ne e omr, nr nxa xnoro ncknmnenix, kon-+o nponsnn-
sa+r o+r x1c+nn npnnnnn (H. H. Imsenen, 4nsnka, J874,
433); Cn1r o1r... cnymame npnxoxmt+t sa cnou pa-
o+a n pacnpana n npiexame c1ktro esr nsknmnenie...
(x. Hn+annme, J875, kn. 4, J56)
53
.
B conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cyme-
c+nn+entnoe nsknmnenne ncnontsye+cx nnmt n snanennn
o+knonenne, o+c+ynnenne o+ omnx npannn. Inarontnoe
snanenne cnona yc+apeno.
B pycckox xstke c nanana XVIII neka cymec+nn+entnoe
sanoenanne yno+penxe+cx co snanennex ec+nnx no rna-
rony sanoena+t saxna+n+t, nokopn+t noopyxenno cnno:
3na+nemax +kcnennnx k sanoenannm ropoa Baky knonx-
46
maxcx (Exexecxnnte connnennx k nontse n ynecenennm
cnyxamne, J763, IV, 3J8); Hs Mekcnkn ntc+ynnn, ...o+noxa
konennoe sanoenanne napc+na namero (Cyxapokon, Pasro-
nop n napc+nnn xep+ntx.., 240)
54
. Co n+opo nononnnt ++o-
ro c+one+nx y cnona nkcnpye+cx pesynt+a+nnnoe snanenne
sanoenannte sexnn, saxnanennax +eppn+opnx; +o, n+o sa-
noenano: Pnxnxne nannnann yxe +ora t+t snaext, pac-
mnpnn cnon sanoenannx sa H+annm (Hepenot ns 3nnnk-
nonenn, I, 35-36); Vsnan noey Bonk, a n Menet, B
sanoenantn nac+t sayxann nxe+t (epxannn, Con., III,
43J)
55
. B XIX neke sa cnonox sanoenanne sakpennxm+cx n
nepenocnte snanennx: ec+nne no rnarony sanoena+t npn-
opec+n n+o-n., on+tcx nero-n., onnae+t nex-n. ny+ex
optt, +pya, nac+onnnoc+n n +.n. n pesynt+a+nnnoe
oc+nxennx, ycnexn, noet. Cx., nanpnxep, y B. B. C+a-
cona: [Ie] men k o+kpt+nxx n xyoxec+nenntx sanoenann-
xx nc+nnno kpynntx n eme netnantx y nero (BAC, IV,
3J7).
B onrapcknx naxx+nnkax Bospoxennx npec+annent
kak npxxte, +ak n nepenocnte snanennx ++oro cnona: Cr
opicko+o sanoenanie na Henononecr ca cntpmna
reponnecki+r nepior na pennx Iptnix, n ca nanenna co-
c+nenno nc+opnnecki+r. (H. Mnxanonckn, Prkonoc+no
krx nceoma+a nc+opnx (nepeno), J873, I, 64); Honpt
Ac1nena+a cxtp+t nr Ttpnono c+anaxa ron1xn cxymenix,
o+r kon+o ca nrcnonsyna Bnsan+ix n o+n1nn o+r Ac1neno+o
napc+no nonn+1 xy sanoenanix, o+r kon+o n nanpann n1
ocoenn knxxec+na. (P. Kaponen, Vponn no rnrapcka+a
nepkonna nc+opnx, J873, 36)
56
; H +r kpo+oc+t+a na
Hp1cixna e nanpannna no-ron1xo ntpanc+neno sanoenanie
n e okapana no-ron1xt nonst na o+enec+no+o o+r konko-
+o mnpokt+1 sanoenanix na c+ptka xy Kpyxa (H. P. Cna-
nekon, Hpnxepn nc+opnneckn, J868, 55); E+o omec+nen-
na+a cnc+exa, kox+o cn nropasnxa n1kon cn ne me ae
paron1nno sanoenanie na aame+o (x. Hn+annme, J87J,
kn. J4, 423). B conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke cymec+nn+entnoe sanoenanne yxe ne ncnontsye+cx n rna-
rontntx snanennxx. Onn ntpaxam+cx cenac +ontko cno-
nox sanomnane.
Ho cnne+entc+ny an+opon nccneonannx ekcnneckne
nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n., Cnonapt Aka-
47
exnn Poccncko nepnt ns nekcnkorpannecknx +py-
on, nkcnpymmnx cymec+nn+entnoe onecenne
57
. Cn. J847
r. npnnon+ na snanennx ++oro cnona: J) 1c+nie onec-
maro. 2) Hnctxennt nnn cnonecnt oknar, npec+an-
nxext nanantc+nymmexy o+r nonnnennaro nnna nnn
x1c+a (I, 35J). B konkpe+nox snanennn cymec+nn+entnoe
nkcnpye+cx n nc+onnnkax c 70 80-tx roon XVIII neka:
Bye kann+an npnmemero noennaro kopanx xenae+ no-
cna+t panop+ nnn onecenne, +o kapan+nnnoxy npnc+any
npnnx+t onoe n pasnen nnnno nankn, okypn+t n kapan-
+nnnox oxe (Honnoe copanne sakonon Poccncko nx-
nepnn, J786)
58
. C +ex xe snanennex n naxx+nnkax XVIII neka
nc+penam+cx cnona panop+, penxnnx, neoxoc+t, nsnec+ne,
onomenne n nek. p.
59
H+o kacae+cx cnona onomenne, +o
eme n XVII neke ono tno mnpoko nsnec+no n snanennxx
okna n onoc. Cx., nanpnxep: A Mnnm Cnnenec+po-
na sa +anoe noxnoe nenpannnoe onomenne nx opasna
nntx nen1n nakasan[t]e ynnnn+[t] J664 (Cn. XI XVII nn.,
IV, 3J6). K cepenne XVIII c+one+nx cymec+nn+entnoe o-
nomenne name cnonx cnnonnxon yno+penxe+cx n snanennn
okna, nnctxennoe yneoxnenne, coomenne o nex-n.
nanantc+ny, no nocne noxnnennx cnona onecenne ne nt-
epxnnae+ konkypennnn n, no nanmennxx an+opon yka-
sanno xonorpann, n naxx+nnkax konna neka yxe ne nc+pe-
nae+cx
60
. Tex ne xenee Cn. J847 r. eme nkcnpye+ ++o cyme-
c+nn+entnoe, cx. +akxe n Omex nepkonno-cnanxno-poc-
cnckox cnonape J834 r.: onomenie... J) Hncxennoe
onecenie nnn npomenie o nexr, noanaexoe nr npncy+-
c+nenntx x1c+a... 2) Hsn1menie o+r nnxnero x1c+a nr
ntcmee... (I, 659). Onennno, yno+penenne ++oro cnona ne
ntxon+ sa rpannnt nepno nononnnt XIX neka. Cx. ero
ncnontsonanne Hymknntx n Cnonape xstka Hymknna (I,
687).
Bt+ecnxx ns yno+penennx cno cnnonnx, cymec+nn+ent-
noe onecenne saxemae+ ero n nyx snanennxx. Hepnoe
okna, onnnantnoe coomenne kaknx-nno cneenn na-
nantc+ny, a +akxe okyxen+, coepxamn +akoe coome-
nne ak+yantno n n nac+oxmee npexx. Cx. y Hymknna: B
Pycckox nnnanne, n ntnemnex J836 roy, nanena+ano
neckontko onecenn o+ nonkonnnka Hna+ona k nockono-
xy a+axany Cexeny Hnkn+nny Cynnny Hc+opnx Hyranena
48
(Cn. Hymknna, I, 686). B+opoe snanenne onoc n co-
npexennox xstke yc+apeno. Cx. y Typrenena: [Pa+n] no-
xtkan xnom, sac+annxn xenx nepennctna+t cnon nnnnte
n nxnnte onecennx Cexeny Ma+nenny, nonpannx+t n nnx
oporpanneckne omnkn Hecnac+nax (BAC, III, 980).
Oa cnona onomenne n onecenne mnpoko ncnont-
sym+cx n onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke n+opo nononn-
nt XIX neka. Hepnoe cymec+nn+entnoe sankcnponano n
nyx snanennxx okna, coomenne kaknx-n. cneenn n
onoc: Be pene+e, ne +ona npanocane [Typcko] nr
naoko+o cnoe non1konmne n npanoymne ka+o ne
xoxeme nsnenaxr a non1pna nsnoxennx+a na enpone-
ckn+e koxncape, ncnpa+n cnon coc+ennn onn na x1c+o+o,
sa a nnn, a nn ne ca crp1mnne +e nr onomennx+a cn
(ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, J23); Knnx <...> C+ane+e,
c+nra nene. Hnn ncka+e, np1sr kananepckn yn+nnoc+n a
nn1se+e nr nokaxnne sa cnoenonc+nennn+1 onomennx na
xena nn? (x. Hn+annme, J875, kn. J4, J2-J3).
H+o kacae+cx cnona onecenne, +o xt ne pacnonaraex
npnxepaxn ero yno+penennx n snanennn +anoe yneox-
nenne nanantc+na, npec+ann+ene nnac+n, coomenne, co-
epxamee onnnenne koro-n. n nesakonntx ec+nnxx, npe-
ocyn+entnox noneennn n +.n., n xo+x n ++o+ nepno,
kpoxe cymec+nn+entnoro onomenne, ++o snanenne ntpa-
xae+ cnono onoc, +akxe sanxc+nonannoe ns pycckoro xst-
ka (...kaenn +axxnr na rnnno+o n o+xnnxno+o, a xynenn n
npanenn onocn na xnan+e 1x+enn 3. C+oxnon, 3annckn
no rnrapckn+e nrc+annx, I, J884, 82), nentsx y+nepxa+t,
n+o ono ne tno cnoc+nenno n cymec+nn+entnoxy onece-
nne. Cx. onako ero ncnontsonanne n nepnox snanennn: Br
ntpntx nacr nonpt c+anante +o xy o+napxnn onecenix +a
o+r pasnt +1 x1c+a na rocnoapc+no +o. Honpt +y napt
+r... o+nnanr nr xpaxa (H. Mnxanonckn, H. Moxnnnon,
Onepkn ns nc+opnx+a n naponn+e ckasannx (nepeno), J865,
28); Taknost [nakonnnecko] e na np. snaxenn+o+o nsn1c+ie
na Knix Uesapa o Pnxckt cena+r sa neront+1 no1t
nr Iannix... Hoono nxa xnoro o+r onecenix+a na Cyno-
pona krxr Pyccka+a nxnepa+opnna Eka+epnna sa
ytpxant+1 o+r nero no1t nr Anc+pix. (T. Bnmkon,
Teopnx na cnonecnoc++a (nepeno), J873, 45).
antnemax onrapckax nc+opnx ++nx cnon ananornnna
49
pyccko. Cymec+nn+entnoe onomenne yc+apenae+ n saxe-
mae+cx n oonx snanennxx cnonox onecenne, onako n o+-
nnnne o+ pycckoro xstka, n ko+opox c +enennex npexenn
cnono onoc nt+ecnxe+ ns yno+penennx cymec+nn+entnoe
onecenne n coo+ne+c+nymmex snanennn, n conpexennox
onrapckox xstke ++o snanenne ntpaxae+cx oonxn nxe-
naxn. Cx. ncnontsonanne cnona onecenne n XX n.: Brn
ncekn cnyna n cnon+e onecennx n He+epypr nmnn nna-
rame eno noc+oxnc+no n ena c+pac+, kon+o xnoro noe-
c+nynaxa nrpxy Inpca (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e na crnpexen-
na Brnrapnx, I, J973, 256); C+apa+a nn +e nsae? Maka
+n? Ena nn... Ako snae sa xene, ne snae sa +xx... A onecenne+o
e omo, cpemy ncnnkn nn... Hsnnsa, ne npea+enx+ e xexy
nac... (. Acenon, Tasn kprn.., J976, 2J6). O+xe+nx, n+o
nepnoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro (okna, coomenne
kaknx-n. cneenn nanantnnky, pykonon+enm) conpexen-
nte +onkonte cnonapn onrapckoro xstka conponoxam+
noxe+axn kann. nnn onn. (PCBKE, I, 276; BTP, J75; PBE,
IV, 279). Oc+ae+cx oann+t, n+o n onrapckox nn+epa+yp-
nox xstke nocnennx ecx+nne+n XIX neka tno nosxox-
no yno+penenne cnona onecenne n rnarontnox snanennn,
ko+opoe n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke k ++oxy npexenn
yxe yc+apeno: ...n +aka onr a nax1pn npexx a cx cnpnka-
xe cr 1ka sa onona mo 1xa cx cr nero npo+nny A+nna
yn1mann, n sa onecenie-+o na sna+o-+o, koe-+o onr 1me
peknr ne +p1a a cx pasae na ontx kon-+o me xy no-
xorna+r (I. Kprc+ennn, Hc+opnx rnrapcka, I, J87J, 303).
Cymec+nn+entnoe ynymenne pacnpoc+panxe+cx n pyc-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke c 30-tx roon XVIII c+one+nx,
nepnonanantno n snanennn ec+nnx no rnarony: .n yny-
mennn nasnanennaro cpoka (Hpnxenannx k Beoxoc+xx,
J733); Hs +oro nexanax +xxec+t n ynymenne npexenn nponc-
xon+ (Ma+epnant Eka+epnnnncko sakonoa+entno ko-
xnccnn)
6J
. Onako n konne neka ++o cnono name yno+penx-
e+cx co snanennex pesynt+a+nnntx: Bcxkoe ynymenne [n
nocnn+annn] npnnnnxe+ nenno npe, ec+tnn ne ye+ npn-
xeneno n nonpanneno sanaronpexenno (Hpnannenne k
Mockoncknx neoxoc+xx, J783); B npnpoe ne+ nnkakoro
ynymennx, nnkakoro nnesannoro npexoxennx o+ ono
kpanoc+n k pyro (A. Bpxnnen, Cnono o nceomnx n rnan-
ntx sakonax npnpot.., J799)
62
. B nn+epa+ype XIX c+one-
50
+nx cymec+nn+entnoe ynymenne ntpaxae+ kak rnarontnoe,
+ak n pesynt+a+nnnte snanennx. Cx. annte cnonape:
Vnymenie... 1c+nie ynyc+nnmaro; nencnonnenie onxna-
ro. Bsuckueamt sa ynyuenin. (Cn. J847 r., IV, 356); cp.
snanennx rnarona: ynycka+t. J) Hoana+t cnyna y+n nnn
yne+1+t... 2) Hponycka+t... 3)* He ncnonnx+t onxnaro...
(+ax xe); Vnyckante, ynymante n. ynymente ok. ynyckr x.
o. 1c+n. no rn. Vnymente, neornxr, neocxo+pr, omn-
ka o+r n1nn, nennnxantx, essao+noc+n, satnnnnoc+n
(Cn. anx, IV, 506). Cx. +akxe neko+opte npnxept ncnont-
sonannx ++oro cymec+nn+entnoro: a) ec+nne no rnarony
ynyc+n+t Hexnmon tn +ak nsnonnonan, n+o ne saxe-
+nn ynymennx oronopkn o o+cy+c+nnn naxepennx nnmn+t
xnsnn . Tonc+o, Bockpecenne (npnxep ns MAC, IV, 509);
) +o, n+o ynymeno, ne ncnonneno; omnka no nepexnoc-
+n, neocxo+p Heynaxn+entnoe o+nomenne k ntecax
an+opon, cosammnx pono +ea+p, ec+t ne +ontko napy-
menne cnpanennnoc+n n npnnnnnx, no n ynymenne no cnyx-
e A. Oc+ponckn, 3an. no nonoy npoek+a Hpannn o npe-
xnxx (npnxep ns BAC, XVI, 798); n) +o, n+o nponymeno,
nponyck nero-n. C ynnnennex saxe+nnn xt nenonx+-
noe ynymenne <...>: on [an+op nekponora] ne ynoxxnyn o
nyx o+pokax, npnneenntx o+nox na nonx cpaxenn n kpo-
nanox J8J2-x roy! Hymknn, O Hekponornn renepana o+
kananepnn H. H. Paenckoro (npnxep ns MAC, IV, 509). B
nac+oxmee npexx snanenne ec+nne no rnarony y cnona
ynymenne yc+apeno. B conpexennox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
yc+apeno +akxe nsnec+noe XIX neky snanenne pasna, yna-
ok, sanymennoc+t
63
. Cx. y Ioronx: On ynnen +o+nac ne-
nnnamee pacc+poc+no n ynymenne n xosxc+nenntx e-
nax; nce ++o pemnncx on nenpexenno nckopenn+t C+apo-
cne+ckne noxemnkn (npnxep ns BAC, XVI, 798).
Bonrapckoxy nn+epa+ypnoxy xstky cepennt n+opo
nononnnt XIX neka tn nsnec+en rnaron ynyckax (ynyc+x):
To rn1a caxo a ne ynyc+n cnyna-+r, ko xy ca npe-
c+annnr, a cn nopanka na n1+pr-+r, n kakno me nsn1sn
o+r +ona, ne sna (Uapnrpackn nec+nnk, J860, N 478, J);
.xonx cx na onona npncyc+neno xxc+o, o+r koe +o me sa-
nncna +o xo a+r san1+r, ...a nonynana o+r ymenpnkas-
nnkn +1 cekaronmna +a n1oxoc+t <...> na npnxor a+r,
n pacxor a+r, n a nonpanx, n+o ca ynoc+nnn, nnn norpe-
5J
mnnn (3ane+r+ na B. Enc+a+nen.., J849, J5). Tex ne xenee
pacnpoc+pannnmeecx n nn+epa+ypnox xstke n+opoe nono-
nnnt XIX nanana XX neka o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+ent-
noe nxee+ neckontko nnym snykonym opxy onymenne.
Hanonee nepox+no kaxe+cx coo+necennoc+t ++oro cnona
c nyxx pyccknxn nxenaxn ynymenne n onymenne. B XIX
neke rnaront onycka+t (onyc+n+t) n ynycka+t (ynyc+n+t)
xnnxnnct cnnonnxaxn n neckontknx snanennxx. Cx. annte
Cnonapx nepkonnocnanxnckoro n pycckoro xstka: Onyc-
ka+t. 2) Btnycka+t nsr pykr. Onycmu:z nmuuy. <.> 4) Hpo-
nycka+t. Onycmu:z epe+n. Onycmumt us:uunee ez couuneniu
(B+opoe nsanne, J867, III, J56). Cpannn+e c npnneenntxn
ntme snanennxxn rnarona ynycka+t (ynyc+n+t). Cymec+nn-
+entnoe onymenne ne +ontko ntpaxano ec+nne no rnaro-
ny (onymenie. 1c+nie onyc+nnmaro n onyc+nnmarocx +ax
xe, J57), no n ncnontsonanoct n snanennn nponyck nero-n.
(BAC, VIII, 983). Cx. y Hepntmenckoro: Co npexenex, ko-
nenno, onymennx, +enept cenannte [n nsannn], yy+ no-
nonnent Con. H. B. Ioronx (cx. +ax xe, 984). Onako ++o-
xy cnony, onennno, ne tno cnoc+nenno snanenne +o, n+o
ne ncnonneno, omnka ns-sa nennnxa+entnoc+n, nepexno-
c+n, neocxo+p, ntpaxanmeecx cymec+nn+entntx ynyme-
nne. B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cnono onymenne n
+ontko n+o nasnannox snanennn nannnae+ cnoe pacnpoc+-
panenne, ckopee ncero, c naxx+nnkon onnnantno-enono-
ro c+nnx: 3a onymenix npn ncnrnnenie+o na p1menix+a,
caonnt nnenr, ocn1nr r1+o nonaa nor nrsnckanix+a
kon+o ca nsomo onpe1nent nr sakonr+r sa onymenix+a
no cnyxa+a, no cx eme nontpra, ...a aa+r nrsnckant
o+r nero kann+anr+r, nnxnt+1 n pyrn+1 pasnockn. (Bpe-
xennn npannna sa yc+poc+no+o na cyena+a nac+ n Brnra-
pnx, J878, 55).
B konne XIX nanane XX neka cnono ak+nnno ncnontsy-
e+cx n snanennxx yanenne, nsrx+ne, nponyck nero-n., a
+akxe nponyck n kakox-n. +ekc+e, cokpamenne, kynmpa:
Mnoro crx c+ecnen o+ +ona, koe+o xn nnme+e sa pasxepa
na III +ox. 3a nrpnn+e na +oxa as nanpannx ronexn onyme-
nnx na c+nxo+nopennx, kon+o sacnyxnaxa a nnxsa+ n +xx;
cera xn npenexn, cnope Bame+o nspnnno xenanne, a ns-
nyckax ome c+nxo+nopennx ns III +ox. (H. Bason, Heny-
nnkynann nncxa, 22); Tona, koe+o +x [kpn+nka+a] e cnena sa
52
norp1mkn, crc+on nr crkpamennx n onymennx oxncneno
nanpanenn no ennr omr n o+pano onp11nenr nnanr.
(K. Bennnkon, Hrnno crp. na crn., VIII, J9J4, JJ4); Kpn-
+nka+a 1me... n1pna nr onona, mo ce c+pex1me a oka-
xe. Hrpnnnenr ne ce e npnrpxanr n1pno o +ekc+a, ...n cn e
nosnonnnr ron1xn onymennx (+ax xe, J08). K cepenne
XX c+one+nx ++n na snanennx, onennno, yc+apenam+. Ho
anntx conpexenntx +onkontx cnonape, cymec+nn+ent-
noe onymenne onosnanno: Onymenne. Henonno nponyc-
kane na nemo. (PCBKE, II, 37J); Onymenne... [o+ pyc.]
Hponyckane no neornexane; rpemka. Pa6omuu :u pasce-
nno, onyuenunma ca neus6exnu. (BTP, 59J). Cx. +akxe:
Hpncrc+nne+o na Bopnc ckonaname ncnnkn. Tona npokne-
+o xnane saenxsname esnorpemno na-xankn+e onyme-
nnx. (. nxon, Tm+mn, J95J, 35); . nanna ce n onn
ak+r+, ne nexr+ nxa kanann+e+ 32 000 +ona, a +pxna a
re J5 000 +ona... Cera onymenne+o ce nonpanx n n nn-
kakrn cnyna ne +pxna a ce npann nrnpoc sa neonpanann
pasxon (ras. C+rpmen, 5. VII. J968, N JJ69, 3); Ennn-
x+ e omrn n pyxnna+a cn c nononnn en sakrcnenne, a
pyrn+e ca ce xnnnn crc sanexapeno nroprxenne, c nepe-
noc+n n cpyx+a na kone+e n nponne onymennx o+ +ox po
(A. Iynxmkn, 3na+nnx+ nek, J973, 89). B xstke nocnennx
ecx+nne+n cnono onymenne npnopeno c+nnnc+nneckym
okpacky knnxnoc+n. B ne+pantno penn c noontxn sna-
nennxxn ncnontsym+cx cnnonnxt rpemka, norpemka,
sanxc+nonannoe ns pycckoro xstka cymec+nn+entnoe npo-
nyck n nek. p.
Cymec+nn+entnoe saneenne nkcnpye+cx n pyccknx nn-
+epa+ypntx nc+onnnkax c 30-tx roon XVIII neka
64
. B ++o+
nepno ono ncnontsye+cx co snanennex rnarontnoro e-
c+nnx: H payexcx, n+o xt cnynan nxeex nsnec+no ynn-
nn+t, konx opasox Poccnx... n saneennn ncxknx nspxntx
nckycc+n n nayk mac+nnnom tna (Hpnxenannx k Beoxo-
c+xx, J73J, 4). B nocnene ne+nep+n XVIII c+one+nx pas-
nnnam+cx n sakpennxm+cx nonte, pesynt+a+nnnte snanennx
++oro cnona: a n kakax, rocyapt nam, nontsa n +aknx sa-
neennxx, ko+optx ne narpax+ +pyon kpec+txnnna (3ko-
noxnneckn xarasnn, I, 357); Bo+ nnentnnk n ecx+t ynten
nonntx co+on, nce cy+t nx [napx n napnnt] saneennx (Poc-
cnckn xarasnn, I, 56)
65
. B ++o xe npexx cymec+nn+entnoe
53
saneenne ak+nnno ncnontsye+cx nx nanxenonannx ome-
c+nenntx ynpexenn, name ynentx: Ttcxnn ome-
c+nenntx ynentx saneenn... nocnnaxenxnn n nnx ornt
panennx (Cnono o nanane n ycnexax nayk.., J79J, J7); [Ha
Kaxennox oc+pone] naxon+cx ero ntconec+na nopen n
naroe+entnoe npexypoe saneenne Hnnannno ox
(Poccnckn xarasnn, I, 26)
66
. Cx. +onkonanne pesynt-
+a+nnnoro snanennx ++oro cymec+nn+entnoro n Cnonape
anx: 3aneente +akxe caxt npexe+r, n+o saneeno,
yc+poeno; sanor, ynpexente (I, 56J). Cp. n Cn. J847 r.:
Vnnnnme nnn pyroe kakoe x1c+o, saneennoe nx nero
nno. Vnenoe, xosxc+nennoe saneenie (II, 6).
Ha npo+xxennn ncero XIX neka, noxnxo ec+nnx no
o+entntx snanennxx rnarona sanec+n (sanon+t), cnono
saneenne ntpaxae+ n px npexe+ntx snanenn, peannsy-
mmnxcx name ncero n cone+annxx cymec+nn+entnoro c npn-
nara+entntx. Hs ++nx npexe+ntx snanenn conpexennt
pycckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk coxpanxe+ nnmt snanenne
ynpexenne, npenasnanennoe nx nocnn+annx, oynennx
n +.n. (MAC, I, 499). Cx. cpenee, eucuee yue6noe saeee-
nue; cx. +akxe: Z sa +o, n+ot e+e pac+n+t. Ho n cne-
nnantno npenasnanenntx nx ++oro saneennxx xcnxx,
onarax n +oxy noonoe Ka+epnn, Bponsonax npxnka (npn-
xep ns MAC, cx. +ax xe). pyrne cyc+an+nnnte snanennx
n nac+oxmee npexx yc+apenn: Vcmap. Vnpexenne (npe-
nxymec+nenno npenasnanennoe nx noxomn, coec+nnx
koxy-, nexy-n.). Hcnpaeume:tnue saeeenun. Beue6nue sa-
eeenun.; Vcmap. Topronoe nnn npoxtmnennoe npenpn-
x+ne (xac+epckax, xarasnn, +pak+np n +.n.). Koxeeennoe sa-
eeenue. Hpaueunoe saeeenue. Humenoe saeeenue (+pak-
+np). Veece:ume:tnoe saeeenue (ca c +c+pao n pec+o-
panox, kaape n +.n.)... (MAC, +ax xe); Vcmap. O+entnax
nac+t, o+pacnt ontmoro xosxc+na. ... Bnen x nce sane-
ennx +noero o+na, nanan onx+t Basapon. Cko+ nnoxo,
n noman pasn+te. C+poennx +oxe norynxnn. Typr. O+nt
n e+n (BAC, IV, 279). Vc+apeno n conpexennox omena-
ponox xstke n nsnec+noe XIX neky npoc+opennoe snane-
nne cnona saneenne. Cx. y anx: yc+anonnente, otna.
<...> V nacr +akoe saneente, at ne kocx+r (I, 56J).
B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cymec+nn+entnoe
saneenne mnpoko ncnontsye+cx yxe co n+opo ne+nep+n
54
XIX neka. Ono nxee+ mnpokoe snanenne npenpnx+ne, ynpe-
xenne, oprannsannx, xosxc+no, ko+opoe konkpe+nsnpy-
e+cx n cone+annxx c cornaconanntxn nnn necornaconannt-
xn onpeenennxxn, a +akxe n mnpokox kon+ekc+e: Hxa
xnoro xyant caent, ynent n nenon1konmnnt saneenix
(H. Boropon, Bceoma reorpanx sa ena+a (nepeno c pyc-
ckoro), J843, J34); a onx cera sa ona:n nona+a nepkna,
n sa 1nnneckn xe+ox... nec +1sn saneennx ne ca pyro
ocn1n cnap+annme na noc11konnn. (ras. Iaa, J863,
N J0, 76); .nr onona nptxe ncxktr rtpnkt rpar cx
nrsnrnaxa ynent saneenix. (. sopa, J868, N 3, J0);
Ionopn cx ne nop+a me nsa1xnn o+r anc+pickaro kpen+-
naro saneenix 80 xnniona iop... (Brnrapcka nennnna,
J857, N 4, J4); Hxa crpaent kamn sa n1kon xsoxnnnt,
kak+o c+tknapnt +1 saneenia, konannnnt +1. (T. Bnm-
kon, Hrpna xpana (nepeno), J860, 52); .n1kon kann+annc-
+t, kon+o tpxa1s ron1xt nnnnnt n pyrn
sexn1enneckt san1enix. (Hn+annme, J872, kn. J6, 723);
.nn+annma+a tpx1 ca otpnaxa na +ea+pa n na saneenix
sa pasnnenenie (+ax xe, kn. J7, 768). B o+nnnne o+ conpe-
xennoro pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka conpexennt on-
rapckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk coxpanxe+ ontmnnc+no ++nx
nac+ntx snanenn. Cx.: spannn, nenenn saneennx; +rpron-
ckn saneennx, ynecenn+ennn saneennx, ynenn saneennx
n +.n. Vxe n XX c+one+nn nponcxon+ ntenenne n ooco-
nenne snanennx +rproncko npenpnx+ne sa omec+neno
xpanene (PBE, V, J79), ko+opoe peannsye+cx n npn aconm-
+nnnox yno+penennn cnona: Xopa+a cn o+nnaxa n sanee-
nne+o e nonnano a ce nsnpasna (. nxon, Tm+mn, J952,
JJ3); Hoce+n+enn+e cex+ napeenn n kprr kpa c+enn+e
na saneenne+o okono xankn xacnnkn (C. Mnnkon, py-
ra+a Axepnka, J946, 25).
B XVIII neke n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nonynae+
pacnpoc+panenne cnono onyc+omenne. Cx. y A. Bono+ona:
Ceno cne n caxox ene tno yxe namnxn pasopeno nan-
yxacnemnx opasox. ...Bo nce apxnn ronopnnn +ora, xko
t npnnnny k +akonoxy onyc+omennm noann caxn npyc-
ckne xn+enn. (nsnt n npnknmnennx Anpex Bono+ona.).
Cn. J847 r. o+xenae+ nnmt rnarontnoe snanenne ++oro cno-
na: Onyc+omenie. 1c+nie onyc+omammaro (III, 75).
Onako yxe no n+opo nononnne XVIII nanane XIX neka
55
cnn+arxa+nneckne cnxsn cymec+nn+entnoro cosam+ ycno-
nnx nx pasnn+nx y nero pesynt+a+nnnoro, nernarontnoro
snanennx: Ce +opront ropo, noc+poennt n caxo rny-
oko pennoc+n ntxonaxn Iepaknecknxn, coxpanxn eme
n X neke t+ne n cnany cnom, ne cxo+px na nennkne onyc+o-
mennx, cenannte nknxn napoaxn n okpec+noc+xx Hep-
noro xopx, co npexen Iepoo+ontx Cknon o Kosapon n
Heneneron (Kapaxsnn, Hc+opnx rocyapc+na Poccncko-
ro, I, rn. IX). Hernarontnoe snanenne ++oro cnona nkcnpy-
e+cx Cnonapex anx: Onyc+omente, 1c+nie no rn. ff
Onyc+omennoe x1c+o. Bokpyez ono onycmouente (II, 688).
Cp. +akxe +onkonanne BAC: Onyc+omenne. ec+nne no
snan. rnar. onyc+omn+t, onyc+oma+t... ff Cnet, pesynt+a+
++oro ec+nnx (VIII, 979). Tax xe cx. npnxept: Hyntxe-
pnx Hnanonna ne xorna ne saxe+n+t c+pamnoro onyc+ome-
nnx n necy (Ioront, C+apocne+ckne noxemnkn); Tontko
npaxente napt nyc+tnn nponsnenn yxe onee rnyokne
onyc+omennx n yno n +peymme cnntntx nnxenn
yme (Koponenko, Mapycnna sanxka)
67
. Vno+penennx, no-
onte nocnenexy, cnococ+nym+ opxnponannm y cno-
na snanennx, cnnonnxnnnoro snanennm cymec+nn+entnoro
onyc+omennoc+t coc+oxnne nenoneka, nnmennoro yxon-
ntx, npanc+nenntx cnn; yxonnax, npanc+nennax nyc+o+a:
3+a xnsnt nee+ k nonnoxy onyc+omennm, k npanc+nen-
no cxep+n. Kanepnn, Koco oxt (npnxep ns MAC, II,
633).
Bonrapckne nn+epa+ypnte naxx+nnkn n+opo nononnnt
XIX neka am+ xnoronncnennte npnxept ncnontsonannx
cnona onyc+omenne. Bnpoko pacnpoc+paneno ono n rnaront-
nox snanennn: Tost knxst +pn na+n xy oc+ana nen1penr, a
nokopxna xy ca caxo kora+o nnxame nanaante+o n
onyc+omenie+o na onac+n+1 cn (C. Bonen, Crkpa+ena
ocxancka nc+opnx, J87J, 49); Ako +ypckn+e nockn ne no-
exa cr cee xay+ckn+e ne+n o+r nepkesn n amnosynn
a nxr oc+anx+r xpana n pyrn no+penoc+n npesr onyc-
+omennx na cena+a n rpaone+e, +o +esn nockn +p1name
a yxpa+r o+r rnar... (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J876, 38). B
onpeenenntx cnn+akcnnecknx ycnonnxx ++o cymec+nn+ent-
noe xorno ntpaxa+t onee omee snanenne noennoe nana-
enne, naer: Hocn1 +ona c+pamno onyc+omenie nynaxa
cx ntkone-+e na panent-+e, no nnko na noxomt ne nxr
56
o+nname. (Uapnrpackn nec+nnk, J4. II. J856, N 285, 57);
.ocn1nt nsn+t-+1 nockt, +o [cnncanne+o] oexa ena
nac+t o+r rpaxant-+1, kon-+o yxp1nn o+r noennt-+1
onyc+omenix. (Hsnon o+ n. 3opnnna sa J877 r., 258). Bo-
nee peknxn xnnxm+cx cnynan yno+penennx cnona c pe-
synt+a+nnntxn snanennxxn: Vononc+nie+o koe+o sanncn
o+r ntpxonno+o noyxeni e nokonana cnna+a na
nenon1nec+no+o, n ne oc+anx nnmo sa c+aptx n1kr ocn1nt
nesaononenie n onyc+omenie (H. nxn+pon. Kakno nnnx-
nne ce nsnnnna o+r nsynnane+o na npnpoa+a (nepeno), x.
Hn+annme, J870, kn. 3, 89); H ncxko ennr, ko-+o nenpe-
c+anno n esc+tno +nnx krxr +1xr [rpexa n pasnpa+noc+-
+a], +onkoct oxec+onxna ctpne-+o cn, n+o-+o ne nnnxana
nene na nsnrnanie-+o na +1xno-+o essakonie, oka+r eno
onyc+omenie n nac+ptxnanie ro cryn o+r +1xna-+a
nn+apriu (A. Kprc+ennn, Boanr+ no nr+x na xnno+a (ne-
peno), J870, 67). Cx. +akxe ncnontsonanne cymec+nn+ent-
noro onyc+omenne c pesynt+a+nnntx snanennex, ko+opoe
nosnee Cnonapt conpexennoro onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro
xstka nc+onkye+ kak pasnannnn, crcnnnn (PCBKE, II, 37J):
rmepx xn, kox+o 1 nsn1sna cr xene, a nornea na +y
onyc+omenne, orpna nnnxanne+o xn nrpxy ennr arrnr
na kaxenna noc+poka, ko+o ce 1me nokasanr sar ena
o+r crcnnann+1 c+1nn (E. Benaxn, Cne c+o ronnn (ne
peno), J892, J9). B nac+oxmee npexx, necxo+px na cnnt-
nym konkypennnm co c+opont napono opxt na -ne, cno-
no onyc+omenne nce eme ncnontsye+cx c nponeccyantntx
snanennex: Hopaxanne+o e onyc+omenne na ncnnko, koe-
+o crmec+nyna (A. Ie+xan n p., Cnono+o na Bemkon, J973,
J4J). Iopaso name, onako, ono yno+penxe+cx n pesynt+a-
+nnnox snanennn cnet npomemero ec+nnx, onyc+o-
mennoe xec+o, +.e. n +ox snanennn, ko+opoe n conpexen-
nox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke yc+apeno: Hpes nocne-
nn+e xecenn cnnr+ Bon e ycnxn a npoae nnnponcknx
knnnx, ...nepe+o, ...n ncnnkn kpymkn o+ nonnnex... Cexe-
c+no+o ceeme cpe nxno+o +ona onyc+omenne n xrnneme
(H. Hesnakoxon, Xyxopnc+. paskasn, J950, 7); H nenep+a,
...kora+o snesn+e sa+pen+xxa c xnnnonn+e cn necnokonn
ycxnnkn n o+ none+o naxny +rxno+o yxanne na pasopana
sexx n onyc+omenne, ecenna+a nom o+nono nse cnox nenpn-
kocnonen xn o+ npexe+o (H. He+pon, Mrp+no nrnnenne,
57
J96J, 86); Be o+kpnn onyc+omenne+o n nnno+eka+a, c ko-
x+o ce ropeeme. (E. C+anen, Hnan Konapen, III, J962,
J09). O+xe+nx +akxe conpexennoe ncnontsonanne cnona n
snanennn yxonnax, npanc+nennax nyc+o+a: C neonkno-
nena esnomanoc+ nennknx+ nnca+en paskpnna nenoc++a,
pasnpa+enoc++a n nrnno+o yxonno onyc+omenne na rocno-
apn+e n Hnoone+e na npocnemenne+o... (H. nnnen,
Tonc+o n paxa+a, Crn., III, J964, 203). Hapannentno c +ex
xe snanennex yno+penxe+cx +akxe sanxc+nonannoe ns pyc-
ckoro xstka cymec+nn+entnoe onyc+omenoc+: .sa cra+a
na nn+epa+ypnnx <...> xannak, sa nerona+a nr+pemna onyc-
+omenoc+. (ras. n+epa+ypen pon+, J958, N 9, 2).
B pyccknx nc+onnnkax XVIII neka sankcnponant na
ocnonntx snanennx cnona poxenne. Bxec+e c cymec+nn-
+entntx ponx, ko+opoe Cn. XVIII n. conponoxae+ no-
xe+o npoc+opennoe, ono ncnontsonanoct nx oosnane-
nnx ec+nnx no rnarony pon+t xon+t es onpeenen-
no nenn, ne cnema, n pasntx nanpannennxx nnn n pasnoe
npexx: B n1noc+n n poxennn npexx +epx+t. B I 233.
Bponx xn1 nackynnna. CAP I, I 330 (Cn. XVIII n., II, J42).
B+opoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro poxenne tno cnxsano
c rnaronox pon+t n snanennn saknca+t. Cx. n Cn. XVIII
n.: Bpoxenne (-te), (enn.) Bpoxenne, x, cp. n Bpo, a, x.
Xu+. 4epxen+annem nnn +nxnx poxennex o+ conn n sex-
nn onnmennax noa k napennm nax tnae+ onmnt nkycna.
Hpnx. Be. J735 78. (II, J43). Cx. onncanne ++oro snane-
nnx n Cn. J847 r.: Br Xnxin: nny+pennee nnxenie, nponcxo-
xmee nr oprannnecknxr +1naxr n nr xnkoc+xxr, coep-
xamnxr nr ce1 oprannneckix nac+n, noxomim saknact.
Bnnnoe, cnnp+onoe poxenie (I, 83).
B nepno nononnne XIX neka nponcxon+ opxnpona-
nne +pe+tero, xe+aopnneckoro snanennx cymec+nn+entno-
ro. 3+oxy cnococ+nye+ pacmnpenne cept yno+penennx
cnona, noxnnenne y nero nontx cnn+arxa+nnecknx cnxse.
K. C. Copoknn o+xenae+, n+o yxe nx 30-tx roon XIX
c+one+nx otnnt cnonocone+annx +nna poxenne yxa.
Tpyno ckasa+t, npoonxae+ anee nccneona+ent, na-
xox+cx nn onn rene+nneckn n cnxsn c xnxnnecknx, +epxn-
nonornnecknx snanennex. Bo ncxkox cnynae, n npose XIX n.
nepeko nxem+ xec+o +akne kon+ekc+t, re acconnannn c
xnxnnecknxn npec+annennxxn onennnt n axe aknen+n-
58
ponant. Cp., nanp.: Bpoct ++o nonx+ne n nonym, nnc+ym
ymy.., ono +o+nac xano coennn+cx c nem, kak xennt c
kncno+om; ono npnnee+ ee n poxenne; ono nponnkne+ n
cepne, pasoe+cx c kponnm, nepexxe+ kpont, nync+na n
noopaxennx n csepnye+cx n +nept kpnc+ann, cne+nt,
anxasnt, xepnammn nonmentxn ornxxn noxenennx,
naext n cnac+nx (O. Cenkonckn. Bcx xenckax xnsnt n
neckontknx nacax; Bnn. nx n+., J834, I, c. 64).
68
. Cx. y
Hymknna: Ho xypnanax nnxy neotknonennoe poxenne
xtcne; ++o npenemae+ nepexeny Mnnnc+epc+na na Hap-
nacce Hnctxo . C. Hymknny, enp. J825 (BAC, I, 636). B
konne neka Akaexnnecknx cnonapex J89J r. nkcnpye+cx
snanenne nonnenne yxon, cxx+enne n omec+ne nnn n na-
poe.
Conpexennt xstk coxpanxe+ na snanennx ++oro cno-
na: a) nponecc pacnaa oprannnecknx nemec+n, nponcxo-
xmn no nnnxnnex xnkpooprannsxon; ) nonnenne,
nosyxenne (MAC, I, JJ6). Hxenno n ++nx nyx snanennxx
ncnontsye+cx cymec+nn+entnoe poxenne n onrapckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke n+opo nononnnt XIX neka: a) Tona
cnoc+no npnnanexn na neno+o [na paknx+a] na-rnanno
n1mec+no, +.e. na paknennnx+r cnnp+r [na ankoronr+r], ko-
+o nponcxoxa o+r poxenne+o... na npeopasnnmnx+r ca
caxapr (ras. 3nanne, I, J875, N J5, 232); [rnnna+a] ka+o
saaxa rnnenne+o, nr +ona camo npexe saapxa n onona
poxenne nnn pasnoxenne na cac+annn+e nac+n na nonna-
+a, koe+o e nyxno sa ycn1mno+o xpanenne na pac+ennx-
+a... (ras. C+ynan, J. II. J875, N 3, 2J); ) Ionenne+o npo-
nsneno onknonenno+o cn 1c+nne. Bpoxenne+o nr
yxone+1 ce e ycnnnano n nncno+o na ana+nnn+1, ro+onn
a +rpnx+r xanenne n cxtp+t sa nono+o ynenne saxnana-
no cnnno a ce ynennnana (. Hncapen, Hpoxxna n yxc+ne-
nnx xnno+ na cpenenekonna Enpona (nepeno), J889, 39);
Hsn1c+ne+o, ne Uono knesr+r, Brnno n pyrn ca apec+o-
nann, a nocn1 n noc1nenn e nponsneno xnny+no onaanne
na yxone+1, no ckopo x1c+o+o na noc1nenn+t ca sac+a-
nnnn camo +aknna eneprnneckn nnna, n poxenne+o na
yxone+1 np1c+anano (. Mapnnon, Copnnk sa naponn
yxo+nopennx, nayka n knnxnnna, II, J890, J00). 3nanenne
nponecc pacnaa oprannnecknx nemec+n yc+apenae+ n
onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke k 50-tx roax XX c+one-
59
+nx. B 30-tx roax ono eme xnno: .Cama+a saxapt me cny-
xn n ka+o nsxoenr xa+epnxnr sa npanene na cnnp+r n py-
rn npoyk+n o+r poxenne (x. Hpnpoa n nayka, J932, kn.
4, 64). Cp. onee nosnee yno+penenne cnona n ++ox snane-
nnn: .x+poxnxnnn+e nskasna+ cxena+a xncrn, ne xnsne-
nn+e cokone npn noneka crrpxa+ epxen+n, kon+o na-
ronpnx+c+nyna+ nsnrpmnane+o na onnx xnnennx, es kon+o
nxxa xnno+. onanxnn +aka crmo, ne nxa nsnec+no cxo-
c+no xexy poxenne+o (ankoxonna+a epxen+annx), o+
ena c+pana, n nxkon nponecn n xnno+nncknx n nonemknx
oprannsrx, o+ pyra (B. Konen, Bnoxnxnx, J964, 25). Ho-
kasa+entno, n+o snanenne epxen+npona+t, c ko+optx
rnaron pox, onennno, mnpoko yno+penxncx n XIX neke
(cx. Cn. Iepona, I, 72), n akaexnneckox Cnonape onrap-
ckoro xstka conponoxae+cx noxe+o nanek+noe (cx.
PBE, I, 797). Conpexennoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro po-
xenne cnonapn +onkym+ cneymmnx opasox: Knnex
ncpe omec+no+o; yno neononc+no, nrnnenne (BTP, 69);
Knux. Omec+nena npoxna na neononc+no; nrnnenne
(PBE, I, 798). Cone+a+entnte nosxoxnoc+n onrapckoro
cnona mnpe, nex y pycckoro nxenn n +ox xe snanennn: Iny-
xo+o cenne oxnnxna n ce npenprma n eno o+ esponn+e
ornnma na knacona+a opa, es poxenne+o na kon+o nxxa
crnpexenna Brnrapnx (I. Bakanon, Hsp. nponsn., J953, 448);
Bnnep npes Byencka n B. Knpkon nxcna c xpka cne+nnna
na pona+a cnena. O++yk sanonna ocesa+enno poxenne+o y
nrpnn+e cnnn na konek+nna cpemy kasnonno+o nonenn+en-
c+no na cnynann xopa nrpxy xyoxec+neno+o nx eno.
(C. Ipyen, Apnana Byencka, J967, 59). Oc+ae+cx o+xe-
+n+t, n+o cexan+nneckax c+pyk+ypa onrapckoro cymec+nn-
+entnoro mnpe +o, n+o onepnena +onkonannex conpexen-
ntx cnonape. Hoxnxo +nexen+a omec+nennoe neonont-
c+no, nonnenne xacc, ona nknmnae+ n onee omne cxtc-
nt nosyxenne, nonnenne, nnxenne: Cera Anrennka
snae... sa e+e+o xn, sa Pyxa. Xasaka+a ne e nponycnana a
n kaxe, npen ome a e kynnna oynkn+e. Tona eme ka+o
cne+na nckpa cpe xpanno+o poxenne na ncnnkn pyrn
neronn xncnn +ax nom, n orpoxna+a ckpr, kox+o ro no+nc-
kame. (. Tanen, Inacone+e nn nynax, J966, J59); Tesn yknn
na n+ne+o [a+oxn+e], na ncenena+a, ne ca nn naapenn crc
coc+nena eneprnx? Hnane o+kre n ce nseno +ona nenpekr-
60
cna+o poxenne? (C. Boxnon, Cne+nnnn o+ knaa+a, J970,
240).
K nncny nonoopasonann pycckoro xstka XVIII neka
npnnanexn+ o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe nsrxcnenne.
Cx., nanpnxep, y Kapaxsnna: Ho nennkax npnnnna ncero
npetnae+, n onxna npetna+t, nx nee [ymn nenonenec-
ko] +anom; caxax nmont n nce yonontc+nnx ne +epnx+
nsrxcnenn (ns o+ena Cxect ras. Mockonckne neo-
xoc+n, J795). Cn. J847 r. npnnon+ cneymmne snane-
nnx ++oro cnona: J) 1c+nie nsrxcnxmmaro n nsrxc-
nnnmaro. 2) O+kpt+ie nync+nr cnonxr. Hszncnenie ez
:m6eu. 3)* Onpanani e, nsnnnenie. Omz esau+nuxz
uszncneni uacmo npekpauammcn cnopu (II, J29). Cx.
+akxe +onkonanne snanennx rnarona: nsrxcnx+t. 1na+t
xcntxr, npasyxn+entntxr; +onkona+t (+ax xe). Cp. y
anx: Hsrxcnx+t, nsrxcnn+t n+o, koxy, pasrxcnx+t,
or(y)xcnx+t, noxcnx+t; nsrxnnx+t, cooma+t xcno, ne-
peana+t npasyxn+entno cnonaxn, nnctxoxr nnn snaka-
xn; nsnara+t nonx+no, +onkona+t, +onxann+t... ff nsrxc-
nx+t cnon xtcnn nnn nync+na; ronopn+t... Hsrxcnente cp.
oknn. 1c+. no snan. rn.; +o n+o nsnoxeno na nnctx1 nnn
oc+ox+entno ckasano yc+no, orxcnente, nsnoxente. Hsznc-
nente ez :m6eu, onapyxente, npnsnante (II, 39). Hymknn
ncnontsye+ ++o cnono kak n rnarontntx, +ak n n pesynt+a-
+nnntx snanennxx: a) ec+nne no rnarony nsrxcnn+t (nsr-
xcnx+t) n snanennxx ntckasa+t, ntpasn+t n+o-n.; orxc-
nn+t, pasrxcnn+t n+o-n. .axe n npoc+o nepenncke xt
npnnyxent cosana+t oopo+t cnon nx nsrxcnennx no-
nx+n caxtx otknonenntx; .yynn ononen nsrxcne-
nnex npnnnn, no ko+optx saknmnnnn onn xnp, x xo+en t
sna+t n ycnonnx onoro; ) cnona, ntpaxennx, ntckastna-
nnx, nsnarammne, noxcnxmmne, pasrxcnxmmne n+o-n.
An+on Hany+tnn c+an nep+e+tcx okono xonooro pan-
nysa, nokpxknnax n o+kamnnnaxct, n nakonen opa+nncx k
nexy c nsrxcnennex; Hpenoxenne knxsx oanona ntc+n+
xoexy caxonmnm, no +peye+ c xoe c+opont neko+optx
nsrxcnenn; n) ntxcnenne o+nomenn, npnsnanne, orxc-
nenne n +.n. 3aronopt, nsrxcnennx nmonnte, rocyap-
c+nennte conemannx, npasnenc+na nce nponcxon+ n
ono koxna+e! (npnxept ns Cn. Hymknna, II, 2J3). B co-
npexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nxec+e c yc+ape-
6J
nannex rnaronon nsrxcnn+t n nsrxcnn+tcx yc+apeno n cy-
mec+nn+entnoe nsrxcnenne.
B nn+epa+ype onrapckoro Bospoxennx o+rnarontnoe
nxx nsxcnenne, +ak xe kak n n pycckox xstke, xnorosnanno.
Ono cnocono oosnana+t ec+nne no rnarony: 3a
nsxcnenie na nnxenie+o na neecnn+1 cn1+nna nxa n1
cnc+exn: H+onoxeona n Konepnnkona (H. Boropon, Bceo-
ma reorpanx sa ena+a (nepeno), J843, 360-36J). Cx. +on-
konanne snanennx rnarona n Cn. Iepona: Hsucnunaxt (a
nsucnu), rn. . Hpanu a c+ane ucno, a cx pasnpa, a cx
nnn, ne e +aka, pasucnunaxt, +nrkynaxt; nsrxcnx+t, orxc-
nx+t (II, 324). B ++o+ nepno cnono nsxcnenne ntpaxae+
+akxe nernarontnte snanennx: +o, n+o ykastnae+ na npn-
nnny nero-n., nc+onkontnae+, orxcnxe+ n+o-n.; +o, n+o
noxcnxe+ n+o-n., enae+ n+o-n. onee nonx+ntx, xcntx;
noxcnenne, npnxenanne k +ekc+y .ynenn+1 cx saxnanaxa
a nax1px+t ec+ec+nenno+o nsxcnenie na +ona xnnenie [oc-
opnpane+o na xope+o] (x. Hn+annme, kn. 3, J870, 94);
Heo-+o no nsxcnenie-+o na Cnxeona Conynckt osnanana
naroa+t-+a n cnana-+a Boxix (3. He+pon, H. Hayxon,
Hepkonno orocnonne (nepeno), J872, J7); Hr r. Tonxo-
ponr nnn ne e snaxnr nnn ne e m1nr a snae ncnnkt +1sn
anrepnneckt +epxnnt, kon+o +o +pak+yna esr nceko
cxtctnr, nr nanano-+o na Anrepa-+a nr cnon-+1
nsxcnenix n sa1n1xananix, ca +onkona naxnt nr yne-
nnkr-+r konko+o e neoxonxa sa ynennkr-+r asyka-+a sa
a xoxe a ne+e (I. Knnkon, Kpn+nka, x. Hn+annme, J874,
N 2, 52); Hsxcnenie: 3a a cx nsxcnx+t np1xna+n-+n na
cnoxenie-+o +p1yna a cx cnoxnn +ona, n+o cx kasa nr (; 27,
28...)... (H. Ipyen, Kpa+ka nornka (nepeno), J86J, 38). Conpe-
xennt +onkont cnonapt ne conponoxae+ snanennx cyme-
c+nn+entnoro nsxcnenne noxe+axn: nsxcnenne cp. J. e-
c+nne no rnar. nsxcnxnax. Bznpoczm ezpeu kz+ nz:no usnc-
nenue. 2. yxn, kasann sa nsxcnxnane. Tesu usncnenun ca
ocmamzunu (BTP, 3J3). Cx. +akxe: Mncnx, +yk e neoxo-
nxo xanko nc+opnnecko nsxcnenne, sa a ce onpeenn eno-
xannoc++a n na xox+a nyopnx (T. Ienon, nennnk c opa+na
a+a, J968, J3). B nocnenne ecx+nne+nx, onako, cexan+n-
neckn orex cnona cysnncx. Hpncymne exy n XIX neke ne-
rnarontnte snanennx ntpaxam+cx n nac+oxmee npexx ero
cnnonnxaxn oxcnenne, pasxcnenne, noxcnenne n nek. p.
62
Onpeenennax nac+t opasonanntx n pycckox xstke
XVIII neka cymec+nn+entntx na -nue naxon+ pacnpoc+pa-
nenne n onrapcknx naxx+nnkax Bospoxennx, no n XX neke
ntxon+ ns yno+penennx. Cx. n onox ns nepenoon H. Ipy-
ena: Tona 1c+nie ka+o na-ntcokr c+tntnt o+r nnnxanie
npnpyxenr cr yrnaenie nr np1x1+a.., napnnx+t
nnnknanie... (Kpa+ka nornka, J86J, J8). Cpannn+e ono ns sna-
nenn, c ko+optxn cymec+nn+entnoe yrnynenne ncnontso-
nanoct n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka,
*Bnepenie xtcne no n+o nno (Cnonapt nepkonnocnan.
n pycckoro xstka.., B+opoe nsanne, J867, IV, 674). Cx. +ak-
xe yno+penenne sanxc+nonannoro ns pycckoro xstka rna-
rona: Hc+nnnt+r saa+rkr na poxana, nnn no-npano na
nnca+enx na poxana e a cx yrnan nr napont xnno+r,
a nsnece o+r nero xtcnn, kon+o nnxa+r +ost xnno+r.
(Mennkapon, Bo e poxan, x. Hn+annme, kn. 3, J870, 82).
Mnorne ns noontx cymec+nn+entntx ntmnn ns yno+pe-
nennx n n conpexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke. Ta-
kona, nanpnxep, nc+opnx cnon osnonenne n xoa+ac+no-
nanne, ncnontsymmnxcx n nponsneennxx pyccko nn+epa-
+ypt XVIII XIX nekon co snanennxxn coo+ne+c+nenno no-
snonenne, paspemenne n ec+nne no snan. rnarona
xoa+ac+nona+t. Cx. n onrapcknx connnennxx cepennt
n+opo nononnnt XIX c+one+nx: Bon. Ko napt nxr ae
+ona osnonene? (Kpa+ka Cnemenna nc+opnx Be+xaro n Ho-
naro 3ane+a, J843, 20)
69
; .o+r np1nncka+a ce nnn, ne e nno
nyxno rnronp1xenno xoa+ac+nonanne n nac+oxnanne
o+r c+pana na Ienepanr Maopr Xopna+r, o ka+o a
aa1r npne+n n sacenenn +nx np1cenennn na pyccka +e-
pn+opnx (Hepnonnecko cnncanne.., J89J, J84). Cx. +akxe
yno+penenne n nponsneennxx Bospoxennx cymec+nn+ent-
ntx yxc+nonanne (pasxtmnenne, paccyxenne) n nync+no-
nanne (nync+no), ko+opte n anntx snanennxx yc+apenn n
n conpexennox pycckox xstke: Hapna+a [cnc+exa] e ocno-
nana na cnn1+enc+no na nmnc+na+a nn, a n+opa+a na
yxc+nonanie n na ont+r (H. Boropon, Bceoma reorpanx
sa ena+a (nepeno), J843, 36J); Bcxko nync+nn+enno ctpne
osexa+r nennnec+nennt nync+nonanix ka+o nornene
n1ni x1cenr(x. Hn+annme, J872, kn. J8, 838).
63
Taknx opasox, n onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX
neka paccxo+pennte sanxc+nonannte cymec+nn+entnte na
-nue n ontmnnc+ne cnynaen ncnontsym+cx co ncexn ocnon-
ntxn snanennxxn, nsnec+ntxn pycckoxy nn+epa+ypnoxy
xstky ++oro nepnoa. antnemax cexan+nneckax nc+opnx
sanxc+nonannoro nxenn xoxe+ t+t noona nc+opnn ero
ananora n pycckox xstke, nexy n nsnec+no c+enenn cno-
coc+nye+ npoonxammeecx pycckoe xstkonoe nnnxnne, no
xoxe+ t+t n cnennnnna, n+o oycnonneno ocoennoc+x-
xn onrapcko nekcnnecko cnc+ext, xapak+epox
yc+anannnnammnxcx napanrxa+nnecknx n cnn+arxa+nnec-
knx cnxse sanxc+nonannoro cnona. B pycckox n onrap-
ckox xstkax y conoc+annxextx cymec+nn+entntx xory+
yc+apena+t onn n +e xe snanennx nnn npoxnnx+tcx onna-
konte +enennnn k cyxennm cexan+nkn cnona (snanenne,
oropnenne). B onrapckox xstke sanxc+nonannte nxena, ne
ntepxnnax konkypennnn c onokopenntxn cymec+nn+ent-
ntxn na -ne, xory+ ntxon+t ns yno+penennx n cnonx rna-
rontntx snanennxx (nsknmnenne, sanoenanne), onako snane-
nnx ec+nnx no rnarony nac+o yc+apenam+ y cnon n oonx
xstkax (onecenne, pyc. ynymenne, onr. onymenne). Ina-
rontnoe snanenne nxenn noome xoxe+ ne sanxc+nona+tcx
onrapcknx xstkox (saneenne). B pycckox xstke cymec+nn-
+entnoe xoxe+ y+pannna+t xentme nnn ontme snanenn
no cpannennm c ero ananorox n onrapckox xstke
(coo+ne+c+nenno ynymenne n onecenne, saneenne, onyc-
+omenne). Hac+t pyccknx nonoopasonann XVIII neka na
-nue n XX neke yc+apenae+ n oonx xstkax (nanp. osno-
nenne, xoa+ac+nonanne) nnn +ontko n pycckox (nanp.
nsrxcnenne) n +ontko n onrapckox xstke (nanp. yrny-
nenne).
64
I:aea II
Ceuanxnka coneuennmx yccknx n
oracknx naaeen na -
0
rpoxnoe konnnec+no conpexenntx pyccknx o+rnaront-
ntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue ne nxee+ onnakontx no
opxe napannene n conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+yp-
nox xstke. Hpexe ncero ++o kacae+cx omnpno rpynnt
nxen co snanennex ec+nnx, opasymmnxcx o+ rnaronon
pasnnnntx knaccon, n n nepnym onepet o+ rnaronon c
cynkcox -uea- (-ea-). He nxem+ onrapcknx napanne-
ne na -nue n xnorne pycckne cymec+nn+entnte, ncnont-
symmnecx +akxe c nernarontntxn snanennxxn (cx., na-
npnxep, kpennenne, xtmnenne, narpoxoxenne, o+nnene-
nne, yrnynenne, yopenne n p.). Cpen conpexenntx on-
rapcknx nxen na -nue +oxe ec+t neontmax rpynna cnon,
nensnec+ntx conpexennoxy pycckoxy nn+epa+ypnoxy xst-
ky. Cx.: nnenenenne, noyxenne, sarnxenne, sakrcnenne,
nspaxenne, naxanenne, nac+rpnenne, nacrpnenne, oesme-
+enne, noenenne, noopenne, noxnpenne, nocaxenne,
npn+exanne, nponnnenne, paspasnenne, pasknonenne, cpy-
xenne, cnopasyxenne, +exnenne, +pen+enne, yrnxenne,
ynecnenne, ycaxo+enne, yxanne, ynnenenne. B ++ox rpynne
npeonaam+ cymec+nn+entnte c konkpe+ntxn snanennx-
xn (oesme+enne, noenenne, pasknonenne, yrnxenne n p.).
Hac+t nxen ncnontsye+cx c o+nnenenntxn snanennxxn (npo-
nnnenne, +exnenne n nek. p.), co snanennex coc+oxnnx (nne-
nenenne, paspasnenne n p.). Ennnnnte cymec+nn+entnte
nastnam+ ec+nne no rnarony (nanp. naxanenne). B nncne
npnneenntx cnon ec+t nxena, ncnontsymmnecx n conpe-
a`
65
xennox xstke +ontko n kanec+ne +epxnnon. Cx.: noenenne
eoen. Bockona nac+ o+ nonk (nnn caxoc+ox+enen a+anton)
narope (BTP, 672); ynnenenne es. Hsronop na snykone o+ no-
nemka+a pen; ap+nkynannx (+ax xe, J055); +pen+enne 1us.
Hepnonnno krco n rpso nnxenne. Enek+poxarnn+nn +pen-
+ennx (PCBKE, III, 427). Heko+opte ns nepenncnenntx
ntme cymec+nn+entntx o+xenam+cx yxe n naxx+nnkax
penneonrapckoro xstka. Cx.: gxszca1uua, aaraxuua,
cztuua (Slovnik |azyka staroslovnskho, Praha, ntn. J2,
J966, 646; ntn. 29, J975, 320; ntn. 39, J986, 256). Hen+nn-
nte no opxe n snanennm napannenn o+entntx onrap-
cknx nxen ncnontsonannct n n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke. Tak, Cn. XI XVII nn. nkcnpye+ snanenne npoxenenne,
xemkante y cymec+nn+entnoro sakocnenne (ntn. 5, 223). Cp.
+akxe n cnonape C+apoonrapnsxt n nepkonnocnanxnnsxt
n nekcnke pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka H. 4nnkono: 3a-
kocnenanne, sakocnenne. Conp. ne+. 3aepxka, npoxenenne
(I, 4J6). Cn. 4nnkono o+xenae+ +akxe ncnontsonanne n pyc-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cnon npn+xxanne, yonxenne, yxa-
nne (cx. II, J034; III, J339, J368). B XIX neke, n nepno nan-
onee nn+encnnnoro sanxc+nonannx onrapcknx xstkox
nxen na -nue, ++n cymec+nn+entnte n pycckox nn+epa+yp-
nox xstke nnn yxe ne yno+penxnnct, nnn ntxonnn ns yno+-
penennx, nnn tnn nsnec+nt n pyrnx snanennxx. Cymec+nn-
+entnoe npn+xxanne nkcnpye+ Cn. J847 r.: J) 1c+nie npn-
+xxanmaro. 2) C+xxanie, npiop1+enie; nxymec+no (III, 503).
B BAC ++o nxx yxe o+cy+c+nye+, a Cn. anx conponoxae+
ero noxe+o npk. (cx. III, 455). Cnono yxanne, npnnon-
xoe Cn. J847 r. c noxe+o Uepk. (IV, 376), yxe ne nxee+ n
++o+ nepno snanennx naroyxanne, sankcnponannoro Cn.
Cpesnenckoro (III, J328) n Cn. 4nnkono (III, J368). Hecxo+-
px na +o, n+o Cn. J847 r. eme o+xenae+ y rnarona sakocne-
na+t (sakocne+t) snanenne saxennna+t, onro oc+ana+tcx,
sax1mknna+tcx (II, 28), cymec+nn+entnoe sakocnenne na-
stnae+ n ++o npexx, onennno, +ontko ec+nne n coc+oxnne
no nepenocnoxy snanennm rnarona (cx., nanp., Cn. anx, I,
590). Cnono yonxente n snanennn ec+nnx no rnarony
nkcnpye+cx Cn. anx (IV, 474), no, ckopee ncero, ne o+nn-
nae+cx mnpoko yno+pen+entnoc+tm. Hentsx y+nepxa+t,
n+o nce noonte nxena nonann n onrapckne nn+epa+yp-
nte connnennx n onee pannne nepnot ns nepkonnocna-
66
nxnckoro xstka. Takne cymec+nn+entnte, kak sakrcnenne,
nepox+no, yno+penxnnct n +pannnonnox nn+epa+ypnox
xstke nenpeptnno co npexen penneonrapcko nnctxen-
noc+n n npnmnn n nonoonrapckn xstk nepes naxx+nnkn
cpeneonrapckoro nepnoa n axacknnt. Onako nc-
nontsonanne cymec+nn+entnoro n nepkonnocnanxnckox
one+nneckox oopxnennn ronopn+ o ponn nepkonnocna-
nxnckoro xstka n ero pacnpoc+panennn. Cx.: Tosn ak+r
na nenon1necka+a npnpoa xoxe a cnyxn, xexy
pyrt+1, a okaxe konko npano+o na npn+xxanie+o e sa-
konno. (x. Hn+annme, J87J, kn. 20, 6J6).
B coc+ane rpynnt conpexenntx onrapcknx nxen na -nue,
ne nxemmnx n conpexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
+oxec+nenntx no opxe napannene, ec+t cymec+nn+entnte,
sanxc+nonannte ns pycckoro xstka, no npe+epnenmne npo-
necc onrapnsannn. Cpannn+e cexan+nky pycckoro cnona
ntpaxenne co snanennxxn onrapckoro nxenn nspaxenne,
sankcnponanntxn n Cnonape onrapckoro xstka (cx. PBE,
VI, 602). Cx. +akxe npnnonxte onrapcknxn nccneona-
+enxxn annte o ncnontsonannn H. Basontx cymec+nn-
+entnoro nnpaxenne n saxene nnca+enex n onee nosnnx
nsannxx cnonx connnenn ++oro cnona kantko nspaxenne
70
.
Cma xe, nepox+no, cneye+ o+nec+n n onrapckoe nxx pas-
pasnenne. Cp. ero snanennx, npnnonxte BTP (843), c ce-
xan+nko pycckoro cymec+nn+entnoro paspaxenne
7J
.
B XIX neke, n nepno cnonoopasona+entno ak+nnno-
c+n cynkca -nue, n onrapcknx nn+epa+ypntx nponsnee-
nnxx ncnontsonanoct nexano cymec+nn+entntx c ++nx cy-
nkcox, opasonanntx o+ ocnon conepmennonnontx na-
pontx rnaronon: nsnepenne, oescptnenne, o+anenenne,
pasmnponenne, y+rkxenne
72
n no. Cx. yno+penenne +aknx
cnon no n+opo nononnne neka: Asr nsynnxr ncnnko, nno-
conx, npano n xennnna; .ka1 xa sanee +osn rnrkr
nperonopr? na cyxn1nne+o n na oescapnenne+o (x. Hn-
+annme, J875, kn. J2, 567); .npnnnna+a na o+an1nenie+o
nn o+r npexe+r e, a nokaxexr nnnnnnsanix+a na Make-
onnn+e Cnanxne. (+ax xe, J87J, kn. 7, 2J6); Hex+a sa
+aknosr pasmnponenne na npann+enc+nennn+1 ynknnn xn
ce nnxa o n11 crcnna+enna (E. Benaxn, Cne c+o ro-
nnn, (nepeno), J892, 36); .sa y+rkxenie-+o na Vnno-Pnx-
ckt-+t pacnpn. (I. Kprc+ennn, Hc+opnx rnrapcka, I, J87J,
67
3J8). Kak nnno ns npnxepon, noonte cymec+nn+entnte
ncnontsonannct co snanennex ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no
rnarony. Bnocnec+nnn +akne opasonannx ntxonnn ns
yno+penennx, ne ntepxnnax konkypennnn c nxenaxn na -ne.
B XX neke npekpamae+cx npak+nka saxent n napontx cyme-
c+nn+entntx cynkca -ne knnxntx cynkcox -nue
73
. B
conpexennox xstke coxpanxm+cx nnmt ennnnnte opa-
sonannx +akoro +nna. Cx., nanpnxep, pasnnnmee nonoe sna-
nenne cnono +pen+enne. Cneye+ o+xe+n+t, n+o n onrap-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke namnx ne xory+ yc+apena+t n
nxena, opasonannte o+ ocnon rnaronon conepmennoro nna
n nxemmne npexe+nte snanennx. Cx. ntxo ns yno+pe-
nennx cymec+nn+entnoro naeenenne, sankcnponannoro
Bonrapcknx +onkontx cnonapex co snanennex no-eena,
naeenena nac+ na nemo (BTP, 489). Bo+ onn ns npnxe-
pon ero ncnontsonannx n cepenne XX c+one+nx: exexn-
+e ca +panenonnnn c naeenenne n sana+a nac+, cnyxe-
mo sa nsknennane npn nsxaxnane (M. ykonckn n p., Cen-
ckoc+onanckn xamnnn, J957, 67). C +ex xe snanennex n
nac+oxmee npexx yno+penxe+cx cymec+nn+entnoe yee-
nxnane. (O pasnn+nn npexe+ntx snanenn y nxen na -ne
cx. nnxe).
B nac+oxme rnane conoc+annxm+cx snanennx conpexen-
ntx pyccknx n onrapcknx o+rnarontntx nxen na -nue, op-
xa ko+optx n oonx xstkax onnakona.
Hecoxnenno, ocot nn+epec onxno npec+annx+t nc-
cneonanne cexan+nkn +ex onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx na
-nue, pycckne coo+ne+c+nnx ko+optx xory+ oosnana+t e-
c+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no snanennxx xo+nnnpymmnx rnaro-
non. 3akonoxepno yxe nnc+o +eope+nneckoe saknmnenne o
+ox, n+o cymec+nonanne n onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke ocoo ka+eropnn nxen c cynkcox -ne, cnennantno
npenasnanenntx nx ntpaxennx o+nnenennoro ec+nnx
n perynxpno opasymmnxcx o+ neconepmennonnontx rna-
rontntx ocnon, cenano t nenosxoxntx nn+entnoe co-
xpanenne ontmo rpynno cnon na -nue nponeccyantntx
snanenn, ynnpymmnx snanennx cymec+nn+entntx c cy-
nkcox -ne. Honpoyex conoc+ann+t cexan+nneckym c+pyk-
+ypy pyccknx nxen na -nue, ncnontsymmnxcx nnmt co sna-
nennex ec+nnx nnn ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx
74
, c cexan+nko
nx conpexenntx onrapcknx napannene. Ocnonnym nac+t
68
+aknx napannene naxonx npn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx,
opasonanntx o+ conepmennonnontx rnarontntx ocnon na
-u-, coo+nocn+entntx c ocnonaxn rnaronon neconepmenno-
ro nna na -a-. B pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka, n
nepno nn+encnnntx sanxc+nonann onrapcknx xstkox
pyccko nekcnkn, ++a rpynna cnon xapak+epnsonanact ntco-
ko npoyk+nnnoc+tm
75
. Hn+epecno, n+o nxoxmne n nee
nxena coo+nocx+cx, sa peknx ncknmnennex, kak c nenos-
npa+ntxn, +ak n co coo+ne+c+nymmnxn nx nosnpa+ntxn
rnaronaxn, ecnn +akne nxem+cx: napymenne napymn+t,
napyma+t; napymn+tcx, napyma+tcx; nsannenne nsann+t,
nsannx+t; nsann+tcx, nsannx+tcx; o+pesnnenne o+pes-
nn+t, o+pesnnx+t; o+pesnn+tcx, o+pesnnx+tcx n no. Ho++o-
xy nxena ++o rpynnt cnocont orennx+t n cnoe ce-
xan+nnecko c+pyk+ype snanennx ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx.
Baxno +akxe, n+o onn ne npoxnnxm+ sanncnxoc+n o+ nno-
noro snanennx rnarontno ocnont. Hxena ec+nnx, opa-
sonannte o+ ocnon rnaronon con. nna na -u-, coo+nocn+ent-
ntx c rnaronaxn necon. nna na -a-, o+xenam+ an+opt
Onepkon no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+epa-
+ypnoro xstka XIX neka, ne+pantnt k nnonoxy snane-
nnm ocnont n no++oxy nanxenee rnarontnt cpen pyrnx
nxen na -(e)nue: onn nastnam+ ec+nne nne o+nomennx ko
npexenn ero npo+ekannx, sakonnennoc+n, nn+entnoc+n n
+.. H anee: Bespasnnnne k nnontx n sanorontx snane-
nnxx ocnont, conxemenne nekcnnecknx snanenn ec+nnx
n coc+oxnnx xapak+epnsym+ ++n nxena kak nanonee cy-
c+an+nnnte.
76
. B cnny ++o cnoe ocoennoc+n cymec+nn-
+entnte nasnanno rpynnt nerko pasnnnam+ nernarontnte,
pesynt+a+nnnte snanennx. Hac+t ++nx cnon, +ex ne xenee,
npoonxae+ ncnontsona+tcx n conpexennox pycckox xst-
ke +ontko co snanennxxn ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx. Bon-
rapckne napannenn nxem+cx npn cneymmnx noontx
nxenax: sanpemenne, nsannenne, nsonnnenne, ncnonnenne,
nc+penenne, ncnenenne, napymenne, ononnenne, ocnoox-
enne, ocnxmenne, ocknepnenne, o+xmenne, o+pesnnenne,
o+c+panenne, nepenonnomenne, nepecenenne, nokymenne,
nocemenne, noxnmenne, noxnnenne, npekpamenne, npnxn-
penne, npnnyxenne, npncoennenne, npnnncnenne, npoxc-
nenne, pasenenne, pasnoxenne, pasopenne, pasrennenne,
pacnpoc+panenne, pacxnmenne, pacnennenne, pacnnenenne,
69
cnnxenne, cxxrnenne, coxpanenne, ynnn+oxenne, yno+pe-
nenne, ycnoxnenne, ycxnpenne, yxcnenne. Mentmee nncno
napannene naxonx npn yno+penxmmnxcx co snanennex
ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx pyrnx
cnonoopasona+entntx rpynn. Onn o+xenam+cx npn neko-
+optx nxenax, nxoxmnx n oc+a+onno npoyk+nnnym n XIX
neke rpynny opasonann o+ neconepmennonnontx
ecnpnc+anonntx rnaronon c cynkcaxn -a-, -e-, -u-: xon-
nanne, omenne, pon+anne, ptanne, ptkanne, c+enanne,
+nenne, nenenne; npn o+entntx cymec+nn+entntx ns nnc-
na y+pa+nnmnx k XIX neky cnom npoyk+nnnoc+t opasona-
nn o+ ocnon npnc+anonntx conepmennonnontx rnaronon,
coo+nocn+entntx c ocnonaxn rnaronon neconepmennoro
nna na -uea-,-ea-: nepenocnn+anne, nepenxenonanne, npn-
ro+onnenne, paccnoenne, pac+nenne, ycnokoenne; a +akxe npn
ennnnntx nxenax, npnnanexamnx nntx cnonoopasona-
+entntx rpynnax: nc+xsanne, nonn+anne, npetnanne, npe-
pekanne, npnkocnonenne, co+nopenne, co+pxcenne, cone+a-
nne, ynemanne.
Pycckne cymec+nn+entnte na -nue, ncnontsymmne-
cx ncknmnn+entno co snanennex ec+nnx no rna-
rony, n nx onrapckne napannenn.
Pycckne opasonannx o+ ocnon conepmennonnontx rna-
ronon n sanncnxoc+n o+ ycnonn yno+penennx cnocont
oosnana+t ec+nne kak nponecc n pesynt+a+nnnoe, sakon-
nennoe ec+nne. Cp.: Vnuumoxenue eo:koe npoo:xaem-
cn n Hoc:e no:noeo ynuumoxenun eo:koe pesko yee:uuu:oct
ko:uuecmeo sauee; sannmtcn nepeeocnumanue+ nopocm-
koe n ne eepumt e eos+oxnocmt nepeeocnumanun ue:oee-
ka n no. B conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
neko+opte coo+ne+c+nnx ++nx pyccknx nxen coxpanxm+ cno-
conoc+t ananornnnoro ncnontsonannx: .ro+onn a nsrpa-
x+ knan, n nnn+o nnaxrnn a nsropx+ konapc+no+o, ox-
pasa+a, ynnmoxenne+o n ynnxenne+o na noneka (K. C+pan-
xen, apk. rnrapn, J98J, 93-94) n Hsnonsnane+o na xn-
xnnnn+e +opone n +osn paon oneno o ynnmoxenne+o na
pna+a n xec+nn+e esepa; .nape c rny+nnnn+e nrnnn..,
70
nncnnn n pyrn xnmnnnn ca ponnn n xnoro xenkn-
c+prnnnnn, kon+o ca nanacxnn me+n na napono+o c+onan-
c+no n sa +ona ca nnn oxnenn sa npenn n nonoxenn na
ns+penenne (Hpnpoa n snanne, J98J, kn. J0, 23) n Hrnno-
+o ns+penenne na +esn xnno+nn me napymn pannonecne+o
n ekocnc+exa+a; 3a cpema+a na 3nesencknx npenan nene
xoxexa a paskaxa+ caxo nekonnnna xanac+rpnn, npexn-
nann o++ax no npexe na npecenenne+o n oc+anann ka+o npa-
mnnkn o+ ronexnx nr+ krx Cne+ynnnna (H. Hnxon,
Honr+na nonec+, J98J, 40) n Cne npecenenne+o nnexena-
+a sanonnann a nox+ sacenan xnno+. Cpannn+e napan-
nentnoe yno+penenne cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -ne:
Vnnmoxanane+o na enc+nena+a nn+omka pac+n+ennoc+ e
sanonnano ome o+ pnxcko npexe... (M. Tomkon n p., Hamn
pesepna+n.., J970, J9); B name npexe, kora+o +exnnneckn+e
nrsxoxnoc+n sa ns+penane+o na noneka ca +onkona a+an-
no xomnn. (H. Xa+on, Hynnnnc+nka, J975, 74); Ako ne
ce o+kasna+ [rnrapn+e] o+ npecennane+o, a nx pasnpanx+,
ne cyn+anr+ rapan+npa sa xnno+a n nxo+n+e nx (. Zpr-
xon, Bankancka noexa, J98J, J67). Bosxoxnoc+t cnnonnxnn-
noro ncnontsonannx npnneenntx nxen (na -nue n na -ne)
no+nepxae+cx anntxn conpexenntx cnonape. Cx.:
ynnmoxenne. ec+nne na rnar. ynnmoxa; npexaxnane,
ns+penane, onyc+omenne (BTP, J045); ynnmoxenne ns-
+penenne, ns+penane, nsnnane, norynane, nnknnnpane,
nnknnannx, npexaxnane, sa+pnnane nap... (BCP, 250); ns-
+penenne. (pyc.) Vnnmoxenne (BTP, 308); ns+penenne
ynnmoxenne, ns+penane, nsnnane, norynane, nnknnannx,
nnknnnpane, sa+pnnane nap. (BCP, 86); npecenenne. Hpe-
xec+nane na pyro xxc+o sa xnneene; npecennane (BTP, 775).
Onako noonte +onkonannx cnonape ne xnnxm+cx ra-
pan+ne nsanxosaxenxexoc+n onokopenntx nxen na -nue
n na -ne. Cymec+nn+entnoe c cynkcox -ne n sanncnxoc+n
o+ kon+ekc+a xoxe+ oosnana+t ne +ontko conepmammee-
cx, no n sakonnennoe ec+nne. Cx. saxenanne . Anpe-
nnna o +ox, n+o nxena na -ne npn neoxonxoc+n xora+
a osnanana+ n cnrpmennx rnaronen nn, kak+o e c necnrpme-
nn+e rnaronn n npn ceramno nc+opnnecko npexe, cpn. npes
epe+e na naanemo (cxncrn na necnrpmen nn!) n c:e
naanemo (cxncrn na cnrpmen nn!)
77
. Hpn nannnnn ono-
kopennoro nxenn na -nue c rnarontno cexan+nko xoxe+
7J
nanma+tcx +enennnx k nepennnannn snanenn cy-
mec+nn+entntx: nxx na -ne name osnanae+ nponecc, a cy-
mec+nn+entnoe na -nue conepmnnmeecx ec+nne. Cp.,
nanpnxep: Hyxno e a kaxex nxkonko yxn nrpxy +nop-
necknx xe+o na ak+pnca+a npn konkpe+no+o nsynanane na
ponx+a n cr+nopxnane na opasa (C. Ipyen, Apnana By-
encka, J967, J58) n Hanc+nna c+panna ropa, nnc+a n ne-
nokr+na+a, cxkam +ona eme nrpnnx+ en na neno+o cr+no-
penne (H. Bexnnon, Cnnn+e nenepyn, J970, 60); Ha npn-
x+enx cn +o rnxn nsnrnnenne+o na sane+nn+e cn xena-
nnx; Xyan nnan, no nomo nsnrnnenne (BTP, 302) n A
cera rpsame a nsnrnnn +ona, koe+o e pemnn, n rpsame
ome nonene sa+ona, ne +o eme xnoro +pyno sa nsnrnnxna-
ne (. Tanen, Caxynn, II, J959, 250). Kasanoct t, +akoe
pasrpannnenne cexan+nkn cnon na -ne n na -nue n cnny nn-
ono npo+nnonoc+annennoc+n rnarontntx ocnon onxno
tno t npoxnnx+tcx perynxpno. Onako npn xnornx no-
ontx napax ne+ko cexan+nnecko nepennnannn no
npnsnaky conepmammeecx conepmnnmeecx ec+nne ne
nanmae+cx.
Vc+panenne yne+noc+n onokopenntx pasnocynk-
cantntx opasonann xoxe+ n+n no pyrnx nanpannenn-
xx. Tak, npenxymec+nennoe yno+penenne n onpeenenntx
kon+ekc+ax npnnon+ k sakpennennm y nxenn na -nue snane-
nnx, ne cnoc+nennoro cymec+nn+entnoxy c cynkcox -ne.
Hanpnxep, n conpexennox xstke co snanennex nsnnsax npe
nynnka c nn+epa+ypnn, xysnkannn n p. noxepa (BTP, 302)
rnarona nsnrnnxnax (nsnrnnx) okastnae+cx cnxsanntx nnmt
cymec+nn+entnoe nsnrnnenne: He xoxex a ne o+enexnx
na +ona xxc+o n enexn+o+o nsnrnnenne na Bacnn Knpkon
n ponx+a na 4epnnan (C. Ipyen, Apnana Byencka,
J967, 55); Ap+nc+r+ o+ Pycencka+a onepa cnoenx nrnne-
nnx sa cnoe+o nsnrnnenne ne npe nynnka o+ cnon, a npe
koonepa+opn+e o+ opyxa (B. Hocnon, Pasxncnn n
c+pac+n, I, J980, J32); Hennna+a ae pxko no kpaco+a
nsnrnnenne (BTP, 302). Bosxoxnoc+t ncnontsonannx cno-
na n ++ox snanennn es orek+ntx pacnpoc+pann+ene ro-
nopn+ o ero ontme, no cpannennm c pyccknx cymec+nn-
+entntx, cyc+an+nnnoc+n. Cp. n pycckox xstke: ncnon-
nenne cnennnecko ponn, ncnonnenne necnn, ncnonnenne
+anna n +.n., no: Hrpa [Zkonnena] n ponn O+enno ncero o-
72
nee nonpannnact xockoncko nynnke C. Akcakon, Z. E.
Bymepnn (MAC, I, 628).
Hxx na -nue n conpexennox onrapckox xstke xoxe+
coo+nocn+tcx nnmt c onnx ns snanenn (name nepenoc-
ntx) nenosnpa+noro nnn nosnpa+noro rnarona npn coo+ne-
cennoc+n cymec+nn+entnoro c cynkcox -ne co ncexn rna-
rontntxn snanennxxn. Cx., nanpnxep, cnxst cnona pasnen-
nenne ncknmnn+entno c nepenocntx snanennex rnarona
pasnennax ce (pasnenx ce) packantna+tcx (o nap+nn, opra-
nnsannn, nnxennn n +.n.. Cymec+nn+entnoe nastnae+ e-
c+nne nnn coc+oxnne no ++oxy snanennm (cp. pyc. packon)
78
:
.nc+nncknx+ xy xo+nn e oane a rpxn Kapanenona crc
cee cn, sa a ne c+ane eno nono pasnennenne na nnepan-
na+a nap+nx (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e na crnp. Brnrapnx,
II, J973, 235); .+x [rpyna+a] npenarame cera a ne ce npa-
nx+ nene npe nero [Uankon] nnkaknn nonn noc+rnkn, cnn-
+akn pasnennenne+o sa cnrpmen ak+ (+ax xe, I, J973,
440). Cpannn+e ncnontsonanne nxenn na -ne: UK cnrnann-
snpa, ne Iexe+o o+kpn+o pao+n sa o+krcnane na sexeen-
nn+e o+ O+enec+nennx pon+ nnn, ako +ona ne xy ce yae,
sa pasnennane na crmsa nx n xnnanane n onosnnnx (B. Hem-
kon, Hac+rnnenne, II, J958, J8); B ceramno npexe ypanonn-
+e pyn ce +rpcx+ n nenx+ ome nonene sa nonynanane na
ypana, o+ ko+o no nskyc+nen nannn npes pasnennane na
a+oxno+o xy xpo ce onna n a+oxna+a eneprnx (Ieo-
nornx, IX kn., J95J, JJ8); pasnennane na ne+nn, na nnonn n
+.n.
B snanennn, cnnonnxnnnox snanennm cymec+nn+entno-
ro pasnennenne, xoxe+ yno+penx+tcx cnono pasennenne:
Ho +osn nannn n Crmsa me ce noxnn pasennenne n pasno-
xenne (E. Kapannnon, J975, 4J-42). Cx. +akxe annte
cnonapx cnnonnxon: pasnennenne pasennenne, paskon,
pasennenoc+ (BCP, 2JJ). B pycckox xstke cymec+nn+entnoe
pasrennenne +akxe cnocono nastna+t ec+nne nnn coc+o-
xnne no nepenocnoxy snanennm rnarona pasrennn+tcx
pasrennx+tcx no+epx+t cnxst, y+pa+n+t ennc+no. Hn+e-
pecno, onako, n+o n onrapcknx nn+epa+ypntx nponsnee-
nnxx naxonx npnxept ncnontsonannx co snanennex co-
c+oxnnx neko+optx nnsknx no cexan+nke nxen, pycckne
napannenn ko+optx nxem+ nnmt snanennx ec+nnx, nanp.:
Cnpakon ce saxncnn sa pasenenne+o xexy koxanynane-
73
+o n xopxnn+e (H. An+onon, B o+kpn+o xope, J967, J64).
He c+ontko naxen nonpoc o nopxa+nnnoc+n noontx yno+-
penenn, ckontko +enennnx k cexan+nneckoxy pasnn+nm
nxenn. Cx. +akxe n cnonape cnnonnxon: pasnnenenne
paspoenoc+ (BCP, 2J2). Cpannn+e ncnontsonanne cyme-
c+nn+entntx pasenenne n pasnnenenne co snanennex e-
c+nnx: .nocneona+enno+o pasenenne na +osn napo e
o+ enponecka +onka spenne ne no-xanka nonn+nnecka rpem-
ka (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e na crnp. Brnrapnx, I, J973, J97);
Teopnx+a na Mon+eckto sa pasenenne na nnac+n+e osna-
nanana orpannnenne nnac++a na kpanx (Hc+opnx sa X kn.,
J95J, 9); 3aeno c knacono+o pasnnenenne na rnrapcko+o
omec+no na ypxoa n npone+apnn eme crsaena nonna-
+a sa pasnpoc+panenne nen+e na naynnnx connannsrx. (I.
Bakanon, Hspann nponsneennx, J953, J4).
Hpnneex eme onn npnxep, kora nxx na -ne npoon-
xae+ ncnontsona+tcx c rnarontno cexan+nko, a onoko-
pennoe cymec+nn+entnoe c cynkcox -nue, nsxenxx cone-
+aexoc+t, pasnnnae+ cnoe snanenne n c+opony cyc+an+n-
nannn. Cx. yno+penenne cnona nocemanane: Hocemana-
ne+o na +esn xec+a e sarnxn+enno sa ncnnkn noknonnnnn;
He+nrp+rk n neenx ca nn sa nocemanane na onnn+e.
Hxx na -nue +akxe xoxe+ ynpannx+t cymec+nn+entntx c
npenorox na, ko+opoe nastnae+ orek+ ec+nnx: Hpn
nocemennx+a na rpaone n cenckn paonn n Bnpxa nne nn-
xxxe, ne. (ras. Hapona apxnx, J955, N 2252, 4); Hpn
nero nr+ynane+o ne e cnyxena koxannponka.., nn+o +ypn-
c+nnecko nocemenne na nyxn sexn a cra (E. Kapan-
nnon, J975, J96). Hsxenenne cone+aexoc+n cnxsano c o+-
xoox nxenn o+ xo+nnnpymmero rnarona: Ha-yono e
nocemenne+o n Maapa a sanonne o+ ronxxa+a nemepa
(C. Mnxanon, Ekckypsnn ns rnrapckn+e c+apnnn, J959, J5);
.neenn n ne+nrp+rnn+e xxa nn sa nocemennx n onnn-
na+a, kon+o +x ne nponymame (E. Manon, en ce paxa,
J959, J7). Cpannn+e +akxe nac+oe ncnontsonanne ++oro cy-
mec+nn+entnoro npn ynpannxmmex cexan+nneckn onyc+o-
mennox rnarone: Ha-nanpe xyanenr+ Anekcanrp na-
npann nocemenne na cyn+ana n Uapnrpa. (A. Kapann-
nen, H+nnka o+ rnnna, J946, J95); Hanpannx nocemenne na
nonnx cn konera (BTP, 734). Cp. pyc. nanec+n nnsn+; cx.
+akxe: Hao tno cena+t, no npnkasannm nan, nnsn+t,
74
ko+opte on xne cax nanncan na yxaxke . Tonc+o,
Knoc+t (MAC, I, J75). Vno+penenne nxenn na -nue n no-
snnnn npxxoro orek+a cnnxae+ c+enent ero rnarontnoc+n.
nepennnannx snanenn cymec+nn+entntx c cynk-
caxn -ne n -nue xoxe+ nanma+tcx n n +ex cnynaxx, kora
nponsnoxme nx cnona na -nue xnnxe+cx ocnona rnarona
neconepmennoro nna. Tak, ecnn cymec+nn+entnoe nekyna-
ne ncnontsye+cx, kak npannno, c nanonee omnx snanenn-
ex o+nnenennoro ec+nnx no rnarony, +o cexan+nka cnona
nenenne konkpe+nee ono oosnanae+ onpeenennte ne-
nente xeponpnx+nx, nponeypt. Cp.: Hopa oane e ns-
nrpmnna npn naxnpane na napn+e sa nekynane+o na crnpy-
ra n eno npec+rnnenne. (C. Ipyen, Benexn+n rnrapn,
J960, 6J); Anennnn+r+ e nrsnanenne na anennkca. Enn-
c+nennx+ nannn sa nekynane e onepannx+a (I. Hanan+on,
Ana+oxnx sa VIII kn., J965, 60) n Bcekn onen, na ko+o
nekapn+e ca npenncann +akona nenenne, nxa nrsxoxnoc+
a nonynana noxom +yk esnna+no (ras. Pa. eno, J4. X.
J970, N 287, 4); Hacnennnn+e na Xapnsanon oane nanpa-
nnnn ncnnko nrsxoxno, sa a nsnpa+x+ c+apnx na ncnxna+-
pnnno nenenne (H. Honon, Bancax sa nannnn onn, J982, J38).
Pasrpannnent snanennx cymec+nn+entntx nonn+ane n
nonn+anne. Cnono nonn+ane nastnae+ o+nnenennoe e-
c+nne: Mxc+o sa nonn+ane na orone+e nnn cne+nnnma+a
n xpaxone+e (A. anon n p., Hc+opnx na c+apnx cnx+, V
kn., J980, 92). Iene+nneckn penneonrapnsx nonn+anne, n
conpexennox pycckox xstke nxemmn nnmt snanenne e-
c+nnx no rnarony, n onrapckox xstke n nac+oxmee npexx
ncnontsye+cx co snanennex rnyokoe ynaxenne; nnemnee
ero ntpaxenne
79
(cpannn+e onr. nonn+, nec+, pyc. opaso-
nanne o+ ocnont conepmennonnonoro rnarona non+enne, a
+akxe nec+t, nonec+n): .Camo nenara saenxsa, ne nnne-
+o xy nsnrnname ocoeno nonn+anne (H. Bexnnon, Homex
c enn+e kone, J975, J8J); Cnxeon ro nsnponon o nrnmnnx
kopnop, nonn+anne, koe+o ne okasname opn na ennckona
(A. Iynxmkn, 3na+nnx+ nek, J973, J05).
Bonrapckne coo+ne+c+nnx naxonx npn neko+optx pyc-
cknx nxenax na -nue, opasonanntx o+ ocnon rnaronon ne-
conepmennoro nna n oosnanammnx ec+nne n snykn ++o-
ro ec+nnx: c+enanne, pon+anne, ptanne. Bonrapckoe cy-
mec+nn+entnoe c+enene nesanncnxo o+ nannnnx n xstke
75
onokopennoro opasonannx na -nue cnocono nastna+t n
ec+nne, n ero snykn: Cec+pa Ennaxnnx ne oysa yc+nn n
ns+nna npenenxna nanrn crc c+enene, npekrcnano o+ pn-
annx (. Brnen, 3aronesnn, J98J, 84); ony ce npnrnyme-
no c+enene. Cnono c+enanne, name n opxe xnoxec+nen-
noro nncna, oosnanae+, kak npannno, conponoxammne
ec+nne snykn: Oprmaxe ce a nnnx o+kre nna c+e-
nanne+o. (H. Pannkon, Hne, npane+a+a, J970, 7); B pan-
no n c+panno c+enanne +rne escrnen Bankan (B. Mapkon-
ckn, Hpeannx sane+nn, J978, JJ0). nepennnannx snane-
nn no npnsnaky ec+nne snykn ++oro ec+nnx nanm-
ae+cx n nape knnxntx cymec+nn+entntx pnaene
pnanne: Tx npekapa enx cn n pnaene n .rnacr+ na +pox-
ne+a npnnnna na pnanne (H. An+onona, Haann, J987, 79);
Inyxn pnannx n xrnnannx nsnrnnnxa +nmnna+a. Bas. (BTP,
880). B nape pon+aene pon+anne nxx na -ne nastnae+ e-
c+nne no rnarony: Caxo pon+aene nxxa a nn cnacn. Cy-
mec+nn+entnoe c cynkcox -nue cnocono ntpaxa+t kak
snanenne ec+nnx, +ak n snanenne neonontc+no, nosxy-
menne, npo+ec+ (cpannn+e onr. pono+, pyc. pono+): Hpn-
nya+a neme o+ pon+anne+o na nennx napo cpemy nan-
anckn+e nsc+rnnennx. (U. paronena, Honenx na rnra,
J972, 78); To oc+ana rnyx sa napono+o pon+anne. Cx.
nenosxoxnoc+t ntpaxennx onrapcknx nxenex pon+anne
snanennx rnyxne cnnnammnecx snykn, nennx+nt myx (cp.
pyc. Hsaneka nmt ynonente ne+epka Pon+ante nnc+ten
npnnocnno. epxon+on, exon MAC, III, 73J) ns-sa o+-
cy+c+nnx snanennx nsana+t nennx+nt myx y rnarona
pon+ax.
Bonrapckne napannenn na -nue nxem+ o+entnte pyc-
ckne cymec+nn+entnte c ++nx cynkcox, ncnontsymmne-
cx co snanennex ec+nnx no rnarony n c o++enkox ++oro
snanennx, nanpnxep: nc+xsanne (ec+nne no snan. rnar.
nc+xsa+t. ff otnno xn. n. .ec+okne xynennx, nt+kn
MAC, I, 693); ynemanne (ec+nne no snan. rnar. ynema+t.
ff Hasnanne, nac+annenne +ax xe, IV, 45J). B conpexen-
nox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke ++n o++enkn rnaront-
ntx snanenn ntpaxam+ nxena na -nue: Pasronopr+ me
re ns+esanne n sa naxa nn. (A. Hakonckn, Bes cenkn,
J970, J23)
80
; .Brkpnn nxxa a npnexe nnkaknn opona-
xepenn crne+n n ynemannx. (I. Kapacnanon, Onknonenn
76
xopa, IV, J966, J78); Hocne ce cema [Bnk+op] sa ynemannx+a
na xaka cn: a ce oxenn sa ora+o xoxnne; a ce nopen
sa xnnnme; a ce norpnxn sa opasonanne+o cn! (. Ace-
non, Tasn kprn.., J976, 56). Cymec+nn+entnte c cynkcox
-ne nastnam+ o+nnenennoe ec+nne: Hpn maone+e na
nnnsnn+e nxano ocoenn cnennannc+n sa ns+esanane n
pasc+pennane na nnennnnn+e (B. Konapon, Hpo+nn xn+ne-
pnsxa.., J947, 54); Vnemanane+o o+ne xnoro npexe. Co
snanennex ec+nnx, onako, xory+ ncnontsona+tcx n nxe-
na na -nue: A +ypnn+e nxaxa ronxx onn+ n ns+esannx+a. Te
sanonnaxa c nannane na knenkn no nok+n+e... (I. prna-
pon, Bennona sanepa, J960, 6J). Cx. +akxe: ynemanne yex-
anane, ynemanane, yronapxne, kanrpncnane pase., arn+a-
nnx pase., npnyxnane nap., nannnka pase. (BCP, 246).
Hn+epecnoe xnnenne npec+annxe+ ncnontsonanne n co-
npexennox onrapckox xstke c rnarontntx snanennex nxen
na -nue, ne nxemmnx cnxsn c coo+ne+c+nymmnx rnaronox
ns-sa ero o+cy+c+nnx: .H ne xoxe a ce oe o ennno
xnenne, samo+o nnnarn nxa npepekannx, sac+rnna+ ce pas-
nnnnn c+anonnma, rnenma n konnennnn (ras. C+rpmen,
29. V. J970, 2); Poknx+a n ce onenxme o konxno+o na Bpan-
kona: +ona npnkocnonenne nponsnee +prnkn no nxna+a xy
cnara. (H. Bason, Crn., XXVI, J9); .cnope pyrn xypna-
nnc+n UPV e ynac+nynano n saronopn sa nokymennx nrpxy
xnno+a na nyxn rpxannn prkonon+enn (ras. Pa. eno,
J6. V. J975, N J36, 5); Torana nxkon anrnnckn kpn+nnn
reponnno sakpemenn cpemy an+opa n ro onnnxnann, ne +o
c pena+a n+ona noponoc+ sa canyna me nsnrpmn xno-
ro epo nokymenne cpemy... nannonanna+a nec+ na ankan-
ckn+e napon! (T. Ienon, nennnk c opa+na a+a, J968, 84);
Hokymenne+o cpemy renepan Kacex eme nsnrpmeno na 7
ok+oxnpn krx mec+ n nononnna naca nenep+a na ynnna Pa-
mn. (B. Texkon, Hpak, J962, 46). Cpannn+e snanennx pyc-
cknx cymec+nn+entntx: npepekanne. ec+nne no snan.
rnar. npepeka+tcx; npennpa+entc+no; npnkocnonenne.
ec+nne no snan. rnar. npnkocny+tcx; nokymenne... e-
c+nne no snan. rnar. nokycn+tcx nokyma+tcx... ff Hont+ka
yn+t koro-n. (MAC, III, 383, 4J6, 254). Ho+epx cnxsn c rna-
ronox n ero snanennxxn xoxe+ ckastna+tcx na pasnn+nn
cone+aexoc+n n cexan+nkn ++nx onrapcknx nxen. Cx., na-
npnxep, ncnontsonanne n nanane XX c+one+nx cnona noky-
77
menne c necnoc+nenntx exy n nac+oxmee npexx snanennex:
Honoxn+ennn cneennx nxaxe, ne knxsr+ e na+onapen n
nsnpa+en sarpannna. 3anonxano e na onnepn+e, kon+o
ro crnponoxa+, ako n cnyna c+ane nokymenne sa nerono-
+o ocnooxenne o+ nxkoro, a ce noc+rnn c knxsa crrnac-
no c aenn+e na onnepn+e nnc+pyknnn (C. Paen, C+po-
n+enn+e na crnp. Brnrapnx, II, J973, 96). Cpannn+e onn ns
o++enkon snanennx pycckoro rnarona: nokycn+tcx... Hont-
+a+tcx cena+t n+o-n. neosnonennoe, neotnnoe, +pynoe
n +.n. (MAC, III, 254). B nepno nononnne XX neka n on-
rapckox xstke cnopanneckn ncnontsonancx rnaron npnkoc-
nax ce, ynpannxmmn nxenex c npenorox o (cp. onn-
pax o.): Taxr cne+n+1 xomn c+oxne n1na ne1nx, op-
e ncnnkn o+r rpaa ca nsnrpn1nn a nxr ce noknonx+r n
cr n1pa a ce npnkocna+r o +1xr (T. Bnakon, Hpexnnx-
no+o, I, J934, J78). Cpannn+e yno+penenne c +exn xe cnx-
sxxn cymec+nn+entnoro: Hama+a noesnx nsneno c+paa o+
enn crmec+nen neoc+a+rk, ko+o ce crc+on n snann+en-
na... o+krcna+oc+ na noe+a o+ xnnn+e nsnopn na noesnx+a,
o+ onnpane+o o nepnosexa, o onax nonna, npnkocnone-
nne+o o kox+o nnnname ncnnkn+e cnnn na An+e (I. Baka-
non, Hsp. nponsn., J953, 443). nx nxenn npnkocnonenne
tna xapak+epna n pyrax cone+aexoc+t: Hama+a npnpo-
a ne xoxe a ns+rpnn npnkocnonenne+o cr pyrnx xnpr.
(H. Bason, Crn., XXIII, J84). Cpannn+e ananornnnoe ncnont-
sonanne ++oro knnxnoro cnona n conpexennox onrapckox
xstke: Ho nec xoxex a pasepex nopnna na onnx nnco-
kn yxone, kon+o nrn nepnoc++a cn krx nrpkna+a ne ocnenx-
na+ sa nonemka+a neoxonxoc+ o+ npnkocnonenne c nsky-
c+no+o (H. parona, Kn. Oxpnckn, J966, 32). B annox
cnynae xt nxeex eno c coxpanennex onrapcknx cyme-
c+nn+entntx cnxse, y+panenntx ero pyccko napannentm.
Vnpannenne +nopn+entntx naexox nxenn c npenorox c
tno cnoc+nenno pycckoxy cnony npnkocnonenne eme n
XIX neke (cx. BAC, XI).
O+entnte onrapckne napannenn pyccknx cymec+nn-
+entntx na -nue, yno+penxmmnxcx +ontko co snanennex
ec+nnx no rnarony, xory+, noxnxo rnarontnoro, nxe+t n
konkpe+noe snanenne. Cx. snanenne nnocka sa nsnnamane
na rnr cnona noramenne (BTP, 668).
78
3nann+entnax nac+t onrapcknx nxen na -nue, ncnontso-
nanmnxcx, +ak xe kak n nx pycckne coo+ne+c+nnx, c rnaront-
ntxn snanennxxn, n nac+oxmee npexx yc+apena. Onn xor-
nn t+t nt+ecnent ns yno+penennx onokopenntxn opa-
sonannxxn na -ne (o+rxec+nenne, o+rxec+nxnane
o+rxec+nxnane; npenxenonanne, npenxenynane npenxe-
nynane; npekpamenne, npekpa+xnane npekpa+xnane n no.),
a +akxe cosna+entno yc+panent ns xstka c noxomtm cne-
nnantno cosanaextx nx nx saxent cnon c cynkcox -a
(noxnnenne, noxnxnane noxna, noxnxnane). Cy-
mec+nn+entnoe na -nue xorno yc+ape+t nxec+e c rnaronox
(pnkax, pnkax, pnkanne). He nc+penaxct n nac+oxmee npexx
n cnoonox yno+penennn, nxx c ++nx cynkcox xoxe+
coxpanx+tcx n coc+ane yc+onnntx cone+ann. Takne cone-
+annx nac+o nxem+ +epxnnonornneckn xapak+ep. Cx. an-
nte Cnonapx onrapckoro xstka: Ho sanpemenne crx
(naxnpax ce). Bpu. Orpannnen crx n nxymec+nenn+e cn
npana, kon+o ce ynpaxnxna+ o+ nonenn+en. Hoc+anxxfno-
c+anx nxkoro no sanpemenne. Bpu. Orpannnanax nxkoro
n nxymec+nenn+e xy npana, kon+o ce ynpaxnxna+ o+ none-
nn+en (PBE, V, 592).
Cx. npnxept nxenmero xec+o panee ncnontsonannx o+-
entntx yc+apenmnx n nac+oxmee npexx cnon: ...a paspy-
ma+ npenx+c+nnx+a, kon+o npena+ sa nrnopenne+o na cno-
oa+a n mac+ne+o. K. Bennnkon, HCCrn. VIII, 27 (PBE,
II, 5J9); Anrnnx o ckopo o+kasname a nonnme npo+oko-
na, samo+o Poccnx ne ca cainacxname a ca oesopyxn.
Anrnnnane+e kasnaxa: n1xa oesopyxenne n1xa n nonnc-
nanne na npo+okona (ras. Hona Brnrapnx, J877, 277); Pas-
npa ca, ne sa npeo+npamenne+o na on1c+t+a e naxno a
snaexe +onno onne ycnonnx, kon+o ca neoxonxn sa caxpa-
nenne+o na spanne+o (ras. 3nanne, I, J875, N J9, 296); .sa
+opxec+nenno+o nponrsrnamenie na kou+o [orxa] caxo
1me cx cnnkanr o+r Cnx+t O+enr Pnxckoka+onnneckt
Bcenenckt Cropr (x. Hn+annme, J87J, kn. J5, 45J); .ne
nx ce ana nrsxoxnoc+ a ce nskaxa+, kora+o ce npenoxn
npekpamenne na ea+n+e (I. Ieoprnen, Hsp. nponsn., J953,
366); Pasnpa ce, ne c+pannn+e koc+mxn, noxnnenne+o na
rnrapn na cnena+a n es nnkakna paxa... nak mxno a npo-
nsnee cnoe+o ec+nne (3. C+oxnon, Xpnc+o Bo+on, 95);
79
Epa+a ypxoasnx... e na eno npo+nn sanpemenne+o na
nona+a. (B. Konapon, C nepo n cnono.., J947, J56).
B xstke nocnennx ecx+nne+n nanmae+cx nponecc
apxansannn n neko+optx pyrnx nxen na -nue c rnarontntx
snanennex. Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk eme npnnon+ es
noxe+ cymec+nn+entnte o+c+panenne, yxcnenne, omenne
(c. 6J8, J055, 569). Cx. npnxept nx yno+penennx: .no no-
nexe xena xy nnmeme n C. He+epyprckne neoxoc+n npo-
+nn ynpannenne+o na renepann+e n onponepraname kopec-
nonennnn+e na Monnanona, Coonen noncka n nerono+o
na Iononnn o+c+panenne (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e na crnp.
Brnrapnx, I, J973, 374); A nrnpocr+ sa nononnx naron ne
xoxe a re pasrnean es yxcnenne na nrnpocn+e sa npo-
nsxoa na nona n +.n. (A. 3na+apon, Hsp. crn., III, J966,
J87); .nne me o+kpne+e nnoonocnn+e pesyn+a+n o+ ome-
nne+o c pycka+a nn+epa+ypa. (B. Hocnon, Pasxncnn n
c+pac+n, I, J980, 73). B namn nn, onako, nasnannte nxena
nt+ecnent ns yno+penennx onokopenntxn cymec+nn+ent-
ntxn (o+c+panxnane, nsxcnxnane n nsxcnenne, omynane).
Pekne cnynan nx conpexennoro ncnontsonannx nocnpnnn-
xam+cx kak pesynt+a+ omennx c pyccko nn+epa+ypo.
Mnorne onrapckne cymec+nn+entnte c cynkcox -nue,
pycckne napannenn ko+optx nxem+ +ontko rnarontnte sna-
nennx, ncnontsym+cx n coc+ane yc+onnntx cone+ann cnon,
n +ox nncne +epxnnon n kannenxpnsxon: npnc+rnnax krx
nsnrnnenne, n nsnrnnenne na nemo, nsnrnnenne na nnan,
nsnrnnenne na npncra, npnnexax n nsnrnnenne, npn
nsnrnnenne na cnyxenn+e cn sarnxennx, nnnsax n npepe-
kanne, nennko npecenenne na napon+e, pasenenne na +py-
a, nnacxx pasnennenne, o+ cr+nopenne+o na cne+a, ypxx
ro na ynemanne n p. 3+n cone+annx ontme nac+tm sanx-
c+nonant ns pycckoro xstka nnn xnnxm+cx nenonntxn kant-
kaxn pyccknx ntpaxenn. Cx. neko+opte npnxept nx
ncnontsonannx: .ec+nne as me nsnrpma +orana, kora+o
noc+anx npe cee cn saana n npes sanone na nonx+a npn-
c+rnx krx nsnrnnenne (x. Tea+rp, J954, kn. 5, J9), Cro-
manaxe nn, ne n nsnrnnenne na napexane+o nn pasnope-
nxxe a ce noc+ann na xxc+o cne+nx+ nnaka+ na nn. Cna-
nekon (ras. Benepnn nonnnn, 22. VIII. J959, 2); Brnpocr+
sa +onnnno+o nonnrna Hax, a nne ro npnneoxxe n ns-
nrnnenne (A. Iynxmkn, MT C+annnx, J95J, 288); Tx e nnn-
80
sana nonxkora n npepekannx c pexnctopn+e sa cnoenonne+o
nx a nonpanx+ +ekc+a (C. Ipyen, Benexn+n rnrapn, J960,
47); Honek ne ce cpemame, rnac ne ce nyname, ka+o ne nn
nyc+o+a n xrp+nnno xxa napynann ns +nx kpanma o+ caxo-
+o cr+nopenne na cne+a (A. Iynxmkn, 3na+nnx+ nek, J973,
463); .Tprrna c xen, ako ne nckam a +n cxenx kokann-
+e... Vapnx ro na ynemanne (M. Iprnena, B nxe+o na
napoa, J970, 4JJ). Hcnontsonanne nxen na -nue n coc+ane
yc+onnntx cone+ann, onennno, noepxnnae+ n onpee-
nenno c+enenn n nx cnoonoe yno+penenne.
Pycckne cymec+nn+entnte na -nue, nastnammne
+ontko ec+nne n coc+oxnne no snanennxx rnaro-
non, n nx onrapckne napannenn.
3nanennx ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx name ncero nxem+ +e
pycckne nxena na -nue, ko+opte opasonant o+ ocnon rna-
ronon conepmennoro nna na -u-, coo+nocn+entntx c neco-
nepmennonnontxn rnarontntxn ocnonaxn na -a-. Te xe
snanennx xory+ ntpaxa+t n cymec+nn+entnte pyrnx
cnonoopasona+entntx rpynn (cx., nanpnxep, paccnoenne,
cone+anne, pac+nenne n no.). Heko+opte onrapckne na-
pannenn noontx pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx +akxe cno-
cont coennx+t n cnoe cexan+nnecko c+pyk+ype snane-
nnx ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx, +. e. coo+nocn+tcx kak c
nenosnpa+ntx, +ak n co coo+ne+c+nymmnx exy nosnpa+ntx
rnaronox. Cx. napymenne, ononnenne, ocnooxenne,
ocknepnenne, pasopenne, pasnpoc+panenne, crxpanenne,
yno+penenne: Bcnnko meme a e npekpacno, ako ne e o-
nycna+o napymenne na nnc+pyknnx+a o+ c+pana na enn o+
ynac+nnnn+e. (C. Tprnckn, Heo+anna, J957, J02); Hs-
nnmrkr+ na nrrnenoopon npensnnkna saxapen nae+..,
napymennx n oxxna+a n pyrn onec+nn crc+oxnnx
(Hpnpoa n snanne, J98J, kn. J0, 8); .nekapka+a ncka a snae
o+kora e sanonnano nrpno+o cepnosno napymenne. (K. Bn-
nnckn, He ce npeana, J985, 59) [cpannn+e ono ns snanenn
rnarona napymanax npec+yna+t, ne conma+t n+o-n., o+-
c+yna+t o+ nero-n. n snanenne rnarona napymanax ce npe-
kpama+tcx, npeptna+tcx n cnoex nopxantnox xoe, npnxo-
8J
n+t n pacc+poc+no]; .Ho nrk +ox nonek e norpkan a
npann nxkakno cn ononnenne... Axn a cn ononxna xapexa
kakno ce xecn n rpxana+a. (C. nnen, 3a cnooa+a, II, J956,
665); Benno+o ononnenne n npnpoa+a ne cnnpa cnox xo
(. Iannna, Hpone+en +ann, xc+onnnka+a, J960, J8) [cpannn-
+e o+entnte snanennx rnaronon ononxnax n ononxnax
ce coo+ne+c+nenno nsxenx+t, nnocx n+o-n. nonoe; saxe-
nx+t nex-n. nontx n+o-n. c+apoe, o+xnnmee n nospox-
a+tcx, oxnna+t nnont]; To nxpname, ne me nsxonn o+
cne+a+a oxnx xaka npomka sa cnox rpxx npe nex, sa
ocknepnenne+o na nkona+a n... (. Tanen, Caxynn, II, J959,
254); .ncekn ce e nasnn ka+o o+ rpexonno ocknepnenne a
cnoxene nxe+o na xaxn Cepanxona+a nnyka (. Tanen,
enesnnx+ cne+nnnnk, J952, 65); .nxec+o nmon na crpne+o
n +exeme ona n ocknepnenne (H. He+pon, Honknna+a
nmon, J956, 227) [cp. ono ns snanenn rnarona ocknepnx-
nax pe:. ena+t n+o- nnn koro-n. nennc+tx n snanenne
rnarona ocknepnxnax ce ynnxa+t, ockopnx+t cex nex-n.,
c+anonn+tcx ocknepnenntx]; Hsnrn cnop e, ne krpxann-
ckn+e ronnn nnn npensnrnnenn c kprn n orrn, c onyc+o-
mn+enno pasopenne na sexn+e nn (B. My+annena, Krpx.
npexe, J977, 5); Tesn xopa crspxxa, ne c+onanc+no+o me rn
nsann o+ pasopenne (. Brnen, era, J973, 66) [cp. o+ent-
nte snanennx rnaronon pasopxnax n pasopxnax ce pas-
pyma+t, onyc+oma+t n +epx+t cno kann+an, cnoe nxyme-
c+no, nnaa+t n enoc+t] n +..
Cneye+ opa+n+t nnnxanne na +o+ ak+, n+o snanennx
ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx pyccknx n onrapcknx onokopenntx
cymec+nn+entntx na -nue xory+ ne connaa+t nonnoc+tm
ns-sa pasnnnnoro cexan+nneckoro orexa xo+nnnpymmnx
rnaronon. Tak, onrapckne rnaront pasnpoc+panxnax n pas-
npoc+panxnax ce ncnontsym+cx n xentmex konnnec+ne sna-
nenn, nex pycckne pacnpoc+panx+t n pacnpoc+panx+tcx
[cx., nanpnxep, o+cy+c+nne y onrapcknx nenosnpa+noro n
nosnpa+noro rnaronon snanenn coo+ne+c+nenno ynennnn-
na+t npeent, pacmnpx+t rpannnt nero-n. n ena+tcx
omnpnee, pacmnpx+tcx, npncymnx pyccknx rnaronax; n
conpexennox onrapckox xstke ++n snanennx ntpaxam+cx
rnaronaxn pasmnpxnax, ynennnanax; pasmnpxnax ce, yne-
nnnanax ce], no++oxy cexan+nneckn orex y onrapckoro
82
o+rnarontnoro nxenn pasnpoc+panenne yxe, nex y ero pyc-
cko napannenn.
Bonrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe na -nue xoxe+ coo+nocn+t-
cx ne co ncexn snanennxxn xo+nnnpymmero rnarona. Cx.,
nanpnxep, o+cy+c+nne +ako coo+necennoc+n xexy cno-
nox ocnooxenne n snanennex nonyna+t nemn no oky-
xen+y n noxape, na +onapno c+annnn n +.n. rnarona
ocnooxanax ocnoox (cp. y pycckoro rnarona ocno-
oxa+t ocnoon+t ne+ ++oro snanennx). ec+nne no
ykasannoxy snanennm rnarona nastnae+ cymec+nn+entnoe
c cynkcox -ne: Cne nxkonko nn ns+nna nocnennx+
cpok sa ocnooxanane+o na kprc+ne+o n xeantona, a as
nxxax nn+o nykna+ nen (. Cnpoc+panon, Caxoopenenn-
+e, J966, J55).
Vno+penenne onrapckoro cymec+nn+entnoro na -nue
xoxe+ t+t orpannneno paxkaxn knnxno penn onon-
nenne, ocknepnenne, crxpanenne (cp. ne+pantnoc+t pyccknx
napannene). Kora ++oxy xe +nny penn npnnanexn+ n
xo+nnnpymmn rnaron, orpannneno ncnontsonanne n cy-
mec+nn+entnoro c cynkcox -ne cx. crxpanxnax, crxpa-
nxnax ce, crxpanxnane, crxpanenne; n ontmox konnnec+ne
kon+ekc+on yno+penxm+cx ncknmnn+entno cnnonnxt ++nx
cnon nasx, onasnax, sanasnax, sanasnax ce, nasene, onasna-
ne, sanasnane. Hcnontsonanne onrapckoro cymec+nn+ent-
noro na -nue n xentmex konnnec+ne kon+ekc+on no cpanne-
nnm c ero pyccknx coo+ne+c+nnex cnxsano +akxe c nannnn-
ex y nero onokopennoro cnnonnxa na -ne. nx ntpaxennx
ec+nnx n ero +enennn name ntnpae+cx nxx c cynkcox
-ne. Cx., nanpnxep: Hanc+nna xnoro xnno nno o+ +xxna
c+pana a nna+x+ rnoa+a sa napymanane cnokoc+nne+o na
xnpnn+e rpaxann (M. Baek, Manknx+ exnrpan+, J959,
42); Heoxonxn ca kann+anonnoxennx sa xoepnnsnpa-
ne+o n ononxnane+o na xopanno oc+apxno+o n nsnoceno
oopynane. (x. O+enec+no, J977, kn. J0, J6). 4ynknnonn-
ponanne n penn cosanntx no napono xoenn cymec+nn-
+entntx na -a (onona, yno+pea) yxentmae+ nac+o+y nc-
nontsonannx onokopenntx nxen c cynkcox -nue.
Heko+opte onrapckne cymec+nn+entnte na -nue xory+
oosnana+t ec+nne n coc+oxnne, coo+nocxct otknonen-
no +ontko c nosnpa+ntx rnaronox: .pasennenne+o na
Enpona na npo+nnoc+oxmn nokone. (ras. O+enec+nen
83
pon+, J8. II. J958, 4); Ho +osn nannn n Crmsa me ce noxnn
pasennenne n pasnoxenne (E. Kapannnon, J975, 4J-42);
Coonen npaneme nrpnn+e onn+n sa cnnxenne c nnepa-
nn+e n knxxec+no+o (C. Paen, C+pon+enn+e na crnp. Brnra-
pnx, I, J973, 352-353); Hne c+anaxe crmsnnnn nene... Uapn-
ne, neka oc+ane +ano name+o cnnxenne (H. Bason, Crn.,
XX, J34); Hpexaxnane+o na cnaxncka+a cnc+exa na cno
pe yckopnno nponeca na connanno+o pascnoenne cpe
pae+ckn+e cenxnn... (H. Vnxnen, B. enckn. Bnorpanx,
J967, J2); Pascnoenne+o n rnrapcko+o nnxenne, koe+o c
+enenne na npexe+o nce nonene ce nonxpnsnpame, e nc+opn-
neckn ak+ (T. enen, Brnrapcknx+ nennken.., J975, J68);
V nac nancxkre cera ce ocrxa nrnpocr+ sa eno npn-
xnpenne c xopa+a o+ onosnnnx+a. ( I. nxn+pon, Crn., III,
J947, 5J5); .na yc+nn+e xy +pen+eme ney+onnxa nenan. He
eme caxo nenan, a +nxo npnxnpenne c xec+oka+a cra.
(H. He+pon, Honknna+a nmon, J956, 229); .crc cxecenn
nync+na na crxanenne n npnxnpenne rneaxxe kak nxkox
xennna o+ Bapyma, +oky-mo nonynnna cromenne sa yn+
crnpyr nnn pa+, c o+naxn nnan ce npnnpame n ena+a cn
krmypka. (E. C+anen, Trpnoncka+a napnna, J974, J27-J28).
Pycckne napannenn ++nx nxen onnakono coo+nocx+cx kak c
nosnpa+ntx, +ak n c nenosnpa+ntx rnaronox.
Kak yxe tno o+xeneno, onrapckne cymec+nn+entnte
na -nue, coo+nocxct c nosnpa+ntx rnaronox, nerko oosna-
nam+ coc+oxnne, +.e. +o nonoxenne, n ko+opox npetnae+
k+o-nno nnn n+o-nno n pesynt+a+e conepmammerocx nnn
sanepmnnmerocx ec+nnx. B o+nnnne o+ cnonx onokopen-
ntx cnnonnxon, nxena na -ne, kak npannno, ne ntpaxam+
nnc+tx coc+oxnn. 3nanenne coc+oxnnx, oycnonnennoe
cnennnnecko cexan+nko neko+optx xo+nnnpymmnx rna-
ronon, cone+ae+cx y nnx co snanennex rnarontnoro ec+nnx:
3a a ne nac+rnn pascnoxnane na cxec+a, ena+a +ennoc+ e
ncneprnpana n pyra+a no opxa+a na orpoxen po
xnkpockonnnnn kannnnn (H. Mannnonckn, Xnxnx n o+o-
rpanx, J962, II). 3nanenne ec+nnx y nxenn c cynkcox
-ne noepxnnae+cx ero rnarontntxn cnxsxxn. B kon+ek-
c+ax, n ko+optx cymec+nn+entnoe na -nue, ntpaxax nnc-
+oe coc+oxnne, peannsye+ nanen+noc+n cyc+an+nna, ero
saxena onokopenntx cnonox na -ne nenosxoxna: Ho xa-
kap a nxa xanko pasnpoc+panenne, onono+o e nosna+o na
84
nonenec+no+o o+ na-rnoka pennoc+ (x. Kocxoc, J963,
N 8, J3); cpannn+e +akxe npnxept, npnneennte ntme.
Hac+t onrapcknx nxen na -nue ncnontsye+cx ncknmnn-
+entno co snanennex coc+oxnnx nnn c o++enkox ++oro sna-
nennx. B o+nnnne o+ cnonx pyccknx napannene, xo+nnnpy-
extx kak nosnpa+ntxn, +ak n nenosnpa+ntxn rnaronaxn (n
n sanncnxoc+n o+ ++oro nastnammnx coc+oxnne nnn e-
c+nne), ++n onrapckne cymec+nn+entnte coo+nocx+cx +ont-
ko c nepntxn: .kora+o ce nonync+nynax no-ope, as n xaxa
noexxe krx ora+nx ox na nnno Hncnx c nxkakna cxr+na
naexa sa nsnenenne (C. Taxep, Henenonnnkr+ na xaxa,
J970, J56); .Uankon npenoxn a ce o+cnyxn naroap-
c+nen xoneen sa nsannenne+o na Brnrapnx. (C. Paen,
C+pon+enn+e na crnp. Brnrapnx, II, J973, J3); Hac+na+a
coc+nenoc+ nrpxy cpec+na+a sa nponsnoc+no ce noxnxna
n nepnoa na pasnoxenne+o na nrpnon+no-omnnnnx
c+po.; .nrc+annx+a na pon+e.., pasnoxenne+o na ap-
xnx+a n napnapckn+e namec+nnx ynnmoxnnn 3anana+a
Pnxcka nxnepnx (A. anon n p., Hc+opnx na c+apnx cnx+,
V kn., J980, 255); -.Ka+o ce nrpnax, crcen+e n knap+anna-
+a O4-oprannsannx nemo mymyka+ sa n+ono pasnoxenne.
Ho as ne onymax... C Boxn cxe npnx+enn o+anna (B. n-
xn+pona, O+knonenne, J973, J66); H kak+o na rpoone+e,
na pasnoxenne+o n rnnene+o pac+a+ na-nncokn+e rpne-
+a, +r n cpe yxnpamn+e poone nspac+naxa xorrmn n
xrpn xopa. (A. onnen, Ckasanne sa npexe+o na Caxyn-
na.., I, J96J, 64). Cpannn+e +akxe pycckoe cnono cone+anne,
ko+opoe, coo+nocxct c nenosnpa+ntx rnaronox, nastnae+
ec+nne, a npn coo+necennoc+n c nosnpa+ntx rnaronox
ec+nne n coc+oxnne, a +akxe nxee+ o++enok snanennx
coennenne, pacnonoxenne (cx. MAC, IV, 2J4), n onrap-
ckoe cymec+nn+entnoe crne+anne, ncnontsymmeecx +ontko
co snanennex coennenne, koxnnannx: Tnx c+nxo+no-
pennx ca eno nrs+opxeno crne+anne na enoca n nnpnka+a
(I. Bakanon, Hsp. nponsn., J953, 275); .nrn nnxpeno +exno
npo+nna Hec+nnapcko xopo. Ionexnnon nsnonsna nn+epec-
nn +exponn crne+annx n nenpec+anno na+pynna nona enep-
rnx (Heene n xysnka, VII kn., J982, 46).
Cpen onrapcknx nxen na -nue, xo+nnnpyextx +ontko
nosnpa+ntxn rnaronaxn, ec+t cnona, ko+opte coo+nocx+cx
ne co ncexn, a nnmt c onpeenenntxn snanennxxn rnarona
85
c xopexo ce. Cx., nanpnxep, necoo+nocnxoc+t cymec+nn-
+entnoro pasnoxenne co snanennex enn+tcx, pacnaa+t-
cx na coc+annte nac+n rnarona pasnarax ce (pasnoxa ce).
ec+nne n coc+oxnne no ++oxy snanennm nastnae+ ono-
kopennoe nxx na -ne: .Tona xnnenne e nsnec+no no nxe+o
pasnarane nnn ncnepcnx na cne+nnna+a (4nsnka, X kn.,
J95J, J70).
3nanenne ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx xory+ nxe+t pycckne
cymec+nn+entnte, coo+nocxmnecx c neko+optxn nenos-
npa+ntxn rnaronaxn, nockontky ec+nne n coc+oxnne na-
stnam+ caxn ++n rnaront. Hpn o+entntx +aknx nxenax
nxem+cx onrapckne napannenn na -nue. Tak, pycckoe cno-
no +nenne ntpaxae+ ec+nne n coc+oxnne no nyx ns +pex
snanenn rnarona +ne+t, a nxenno no snanennxx rnn+t, pas-
nara+tcx n rope+t, cropa+t es nnaxenn; ene noepxn-
na+t coo ropenne (Cn. Oxerona, 693). Bonrapckn rna-
ron +nex nxee+ snanennx rope+t cnao n es nnaxenn, +e-
px+t cnnt, cnae+t, naxny+t, a +akxe snanenne rnn+t, pas-
nara+tcx, n ko+opox on ncnontsye+cx peko (cx. BTP, J0J3;
BPP, 658). Knnxnoe cymec+nn+entnoe +nenne coo+nocn+cx
nnmt c nocnennx snanennex rnarona: .+o [nskyc+no+o]
ocnooxana n nac+ana nenna paoc+ n cnacenne, oka+o
nne oprannneckn oc+anaxe n +nenne+o, npoxenn+e n
cxrp++a (A. Ie+xan n p., Cnono+o na Bemkon, J973, J50);
.ncnnko e nanoeno c rx na ecenno +nenne. (. Acenon,
Tasn kprn.., J976, J05).
Cpen onrapcknx nxen na -nue, pycckne napannenn ko-
+optx nastnam+ +ontko ec+nne n coc+oxnne no snanenn-
xx xo+nnnpymmnx rnaronon, ec+t cnona, ncnontsymmnecx
c nernarontntxn snanennxxn. Onennno, ++o nonte snane-
nnx, pasnnnmnecx na onrapcko nonne. Pycckoe cyme-
c+nn+entnoe nepenonnomenne oosnanae+ ec+nne no rna-
rony nepenonno+n+t nepenonnoma+t n ec+nne n coc+o-
xnne no rnarony nepenonno+n+tcx nepenonnoma+tcx (cx.
MAC, III, 53). Bonrapckoe knnxnoe nxx npenrnnrmenne no
xnornx kon+ekc+ax coo+nocn+cx c nosnpa+ntx rnaronox:
Ho +o nxpnan n oxec+neno+o npenrnnomenne na sanoe-
na+enx (. C+eanona, Bynkann+e na Mekcnko nxx+, J969,
30); .Bennnkn cn xncneme sa nonemkn+e xe+axoposn, sa
nonnn+e n nenonnn+e npenrnnrmennx na noneka. (. 4y-
nexnen, Peka+a, J977, J32); .sa a xn paskpnem nepasra-
86
aexa+a +ana na npenrnnrmenne+o. (C. Mnnkon, Brnr.
an+ac+nka, J976, 30). 3+o cymec+nn+entnoe ncnontsye+cx
+akxe c necnoc+nenntx pycckoxy cnony pesynt+a+nnntx
snanennex +o+ (nnn +o), n koro (nnn no n+o) k+o-nno (nnn
n+o-nno) nepenonno+nncx (nepenonno+nnoct), npenpa+nn-
cx (npenpa+nnoct): A +ona e +onkona npoc+o nne c+e
xo npo+o+nn n xnno+a, a as crx name+o npenrnnrmenne n
xyoxec+nen opas. (H. Hesnakoxon, Hynnx+ roc+, Cne
nac no+on, J959, J52); Cxnpnenckn napncyna nxna ranepnx
o+ npenrnnrmennx+a na neronnx opas: konana, nrrnekona-
na, kaxenapne+o, pao+nnnka+a, pa+ne+a+a na Ianpom,
xnnnonn+e ena na kann+annc+nnecknx rpa (B. Hocnon,
Pasxncnn n c+pac+n, I, J980, J49). B pycckox xstke o+rna-
rontnoe nxx ycnokoenne oosnanae+ ec+nne nnn coc+ox-
nne n sanncnxoc+n o+ +oro, co snanennxxn kakoro rnarona
nenosnpa+noro nnn nosnpa+noro ono coo+nocn+cx (cx.
MAC, IV, 522). B conpexennox onrapckox xstke cy-
mec+nn+entnoe ycnokoenne name cnxsano no snanennm c
nosnpa+ntx rnaronox: Koe +e nakapa a orpnem rpr
na noc+ n oxamno ornnme, sa a +rpcnm ycnokoenne n
pasxncrn n +ax nyc+om! (H. Honon, Bancax sa nannnn onn,
J982, 39); Hone a xn ro xxa peknn, ne ca xn pyrapn
nnn nemo +aknos sa coc+neno+o xn ycnokoenne. (A. To-
xon, Haxe+, J985, 62). 3+o nxx xoxe+ coo+nocn+tcx +akxe
c nenosnpa+ntx rnaronox: To ce sannxana c ycnokoenne
na nepnn+e cn. Cp. +akxe nosxoxnoc+n ncnontsonannx ++o-
ro cnona n nanane XX neka: o +orana nxa ome xnoro
np1xe, a rpnxn+1 na cnnn+1 n na Hop+a+a cera nce ome ca
naconenn nrpxy ycnokoenne+o na Makeonnx n nrc+anonne-
nne+o na nopxrka (ras. Hpxnopen, 2J. V. J903, 4). B conpe-
xennox xstke ++o cymec+nn+entnoe nxon+ n coc+an yc+o-
nnnoro cone+annx: 3a ycnokoenne na crnec++a cn n o+ c+pax
npe nakasanne+o aren+n+e npornxanann a c+penx+ (M.
Iprnena, B nxe+o na napoa, J970, 2J5) [cpannn+e pyc. nx
onnc+kn conec+n]. C opxo xnoxec+nennoro nncna cnxsa-
no nernarontnoe snanenne +o, n+o ronopn+cx nx noanne-
nnx, yc+panennx nte-nno +penorn, ecnokoc+na, nonne-
nnx [cpannn+e snanenne +o, n+o ronopn+cx nx ocnane-
nnx, onernennx nte-nno nenann, ropx pycckoro n on-
rapckoro cymec+nn+entnoro y+emenne]: Ocoeno cne
ycnokoennx+a na Ipaxen, ne nnmo nomo nxxa a xy ce cny-
87
nn, c+apenr+ sa nocneen nr+ ce ynepn, ne rnrapn+e crncex
ne ca nnn xopa. (H. Map+nnon, pana +ene npes cnanxn-
ckn sexn, J946, 224); H nanc+nna, oma c nnkoro nonene ne
e cnoenxna crxnennx+a cn, ne y C+oxnonn ca nnesnn myx-
nn... A mo ce o+nacx o namn+e ycnokoennx, +e xxa caxo sa
npe c+apn+e (M. Iprnena, B nxe+o na napoa, J970, 336).
Hponecc cexan+nneckoro pasnn+nx npe+epnenam+ n neko-
+opte pyrne onrapckne napannenn pyccknx cnon na -nue,
ncnontsymmnxcx ncknmnn+entno co snanennxxn ec+nnx n
coc+oxnnx.
Pycckoe cymec+nn+entnoe ycnoxnenne nastnae+ e-
c+nne no snanennxx rnarona ycnoxnn+t ycnoxnx+t n e-
c+nne n coc+oxnne no snanennxx rnarona ycnoxnn+tcx
ycnoxnx+tcx (cx. MAC, IV, 5J9). Onokopennoe nxx ocnox-
nenne, noxnxo snanenn ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx no nenos-
npa+noxy n nosnpa+noxy rnaronax, nxee+ +akxe snanennx
oc+ox+entc+no, cot+ne, ocnoxnxmmee n+o-n. n nonoe
saonenanne, xnnxmmeecx cnec+nnex kako-n. onesnn
(+ax xe, II, 648). B conpexennox onrapckox xstke cnono
ycnoxnenne orennxe+ o+entnte snanennx ++nx nyx pyc-
cknx cymec+nn+entntx. Ono nastnae+ coc+oxnne, coo+no-
cxct c nosnpa+ntx rnaronox: Vcnoxnenne na xexynapo-
no+o nonoxenne (BTP, J049), no name ncnontsye+cx c ny-
xx nernarontntxn snanennxxn: Ako ce nanoxn me ro
apec+ynaxe n es name+o crrnacne! Tona me npensnnka
ycnoxnennx ne caxo +yk, a n n npann+enc+no+o!.. (. Ace-
non, Tasn kprn.., J976, J5J); .n xnoro cnynan npn +asn npak-
+nka xora+ a nrsnnkna+ ycnoxnennx nekanec+nena pao-
+a, cnopone n np. (Tea+rp, J954, kn. I, 26); Oko+o e o-
pe. Mncnx, ne xoxex a rex ononnn. Bnaroapx nn. A
nxa nn onacnoc+ o+ ycnoxnennx, ok+op Pyxenon? (B.
Banaanon, Hspann nnecn, II, J982, 64). 3akpennenne yka-
sanntx snanenn sa cymec+nn+entntx ycnoxnenne, ntxo
ns yno+penennx nc+penammecx eme n cepenne XX neka
opxt ocnoxnenne [cx., nanp.: Haxnax ce, ne ne me
nrsnnkna+ nnkaknn cepnosnn ocnoxnennx, oka+o nonyna
nrsxoxnoc+ a npekapax npannnno nekynane (I. nxn+-
pon, I. nxn+pon npe amnc+knx cr, J945, J73)] cnxsant,
onennno, c noc+onnoonrapcknxn one+nnecknxn ocoen-
noc+xxn nsxenennex n esyapnox nonoxennn o n y, npn-
88
noxmnx k connaennm n snynannn opx ycnoxnenne n
ocnoxnenne n nx o+oxec+nnennm ronopxmnxn.
Cymec+nn+entnoe co+pxcenne n conpexennox pycckox xst-
ke nastnae+ ec+nne no snanennxx rnarona co+pxca+t co-
+pxc+n (ntstna+t cnntnte n peskne koneannx nero-n.; cnnt-
ntxn, pesknxn nnxennxxn +pxc+n koro-, n+o-n. nnn sac+an-
nx+t +pxc+nct) n ec+nne n coc+oxnne no rnarony co+px-
ca+tcx co+pxc+nct (npnxon+t n koneanne; +pxc+nct,
poxa+t) MAC, IV, 2J2. B conpexennox onrapckox xstke
cymec+nn+entnoe cr+pecenne ne coo+nocn+cx c rnaronaxn
ns-sa nx o+cy+c+nnx
8J
. Tex ne xenee ono ncnontsye+cx c rna-
rontntx snanennex: B nanycna+n+e ranepnn nne nnkora ne
nykaxe c reonoxko+o nykne. C+enn+e nx onknoneno ca pas-
xekna+n n xora+ a ce cropx+ n o+ na-cnao+o cr+pece-
nne (Cen+exnpn, J954, kn. 3, J00); .censxorpan+e, kon+o
pernc+pnpa+ n ykasna+ cnna+a n nanpannenne+o na c+ana-
nn+e cr+pecennx na sexna+a kopa (ras. Benepnn nonnnn,
J958, N 2069, 4); Banno ce pasnonoxn nrpxy +yxnn+e. Cno-
xn sakpnnnnnecka prka na kanaka na nnano+o. Cxx+ame,
ne +aka ro napn o+ cr+pecenne (B. nxn+pona, Hr+ynane
krx cee cn, J972, 276). Cxo+pn+e +onkonanne ++oro snane-
nnx cymec+nn+entnoro n BTP: pas+rpcnane, paspycnane,
pasnnxnane o+ yap nnn naane (994). Bonrapckoe nxx
cr+pecenne yno+penxe+cx +akxe co snanennxxn, ko+opte
n conpexennox pycckox xstke ntpaxae+ cnono no+pxce-
nne, rnyokoe, cnntnoe nepexnnanne n kopennax nox-
ka, sa+parnnammee ocnont nero-nno nsxenenne: Inana+a
+n me ckrcax! kpecna Hemo, ka+o xykna krx ynnna+a n oc+a-
nn pyxnnnnx prkonon+en n nrnno ymenno cr+pecenne (B.
Uonen, Hpnknmnennx+a na Tnnne+o, J97J, 46); Hne ne xo-
xex a npennnx, nn+o a ocye+nx ncnnkn cr+pecennx, kon-
+o onakna+ noneka no xn+ecknx xy nr+ (B. Panon, Tpe+nx+
nr+, J977, JJ4); Hancn... e poen n Caxokoncka enapxnx
npes J722 ronna npexe na ronexn nonn+nneckn cr+pece-
nnx n +ypcka+a nxnepnx. (H. 3apen n p., n+epa+ypa sa X
kn., J965, 86). 3nanenne rnyokoe, cnntnoe nepexnnanne
tno cnoc+nenno n pycckoxy cymec+nn+entnoxy co+px-
cenne. Cx. y Bxsexckoro: He snam, n+o xon nep+t onapy-
xnnn, no x nnkora ne ncnt+tnan noonoro co+pxcennx
(BAC, XIV, 4J0). Cx. +akxe n cnonape anx: ymennoe co-
+pxcente, pasc+poc+no, o+r nnesannaro npanc+nennaro
89
nnixntx (IV, 282). Cpannn+e yc+apenmee n nac+oxmee npexx
nepenocnoe snanenne rnarona co+pxca+tcx co+pxc+nct npn-
xon+t n kpane cnntnoe nonnenne; ncnt+tna+t no+pxcenne
(BAC, XIV, 4J0). B snanennn rnyokoe, cnntnoe nepexnnanne
onrapckoe nxx cr+pecenne cnnonnxnnno onosnannoxy n
onrapckox xstke cymec+nn+entnoxy no+pecenne: Ho+pe-
cenne+o nx eme +pyno sa onncnane, cexxa ka+o rprxna-
+n. (B. My+annena, Cnynax+ xex, J977, J07); Ipamen c
no+pecenne cn xncneme sa c+pamno+o nenexec+no, n koe+o
xnneexa xopa+a, sa ynnsn+enna+a eno+nx (. 4ynexn-
en, Peka+a, J977, 72). Cp. +akxe nepenocnoe snanenne cyme-
c+nn+entnoro no+pec (cx. BTP, 74J).
Pycckne cymec+nn+entnte na -nue, noxnxo snane-
nn ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx nxemmne n pyrne
snanennx, n nx onrapckne napannenn
Bonrapckne napannenn ykasanntx pyccknx nxen +akxe
xory+ orennx+t n cnoe cexan+nnecko c+pyk+ype sna-
nennx ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no xo+nnnpymmexy rnaro-
ny n pyrne snanennx. Cx. cexan+nky cneymmnx onrap-
cknx cymec+nn+entntx: raanne, enenne, sanyxenne,
nsopaxenne, nsope+enne, nsnapenne, nsnn+anne, konea-
nne, xen+anne, nanmenne, oennenne, oxcnenne, o+pa-
xenne, o+pnnanne, nonec+nonanne, nonnmenne, nopaxanne,
no+nrpxenne, npeopaxenne, npeynennnenne, npnnoxenne,
npornxenne, pasxnmnenne, pasnpeenenne, paspymenne,
pascrxenne, pasmnpenne, cnacenne, cpannenne, ynnxenne,
y+emenne, ynenne n p.
3nanennx pyccknx n onrapcknx nxen xory+ nonnoc+tm
connaa+t. Hanpnxep, pycckoe cymec+nn+entnoe koneanne
nastnae+ ec+nne no rnarony konea+tcx n snanennn xep-
no nnra+tcx, packannna+tcx nsa n nnepe, ns c+opont n
c+opony nnn cnepxy nnns (MAC, II, 7J) koneanne xax+-
nnka. Bonrapckoe cnono koneanne +akxe xoxe+ nastna+t
ec+nne no rnarony koneax ce n snanennn, ananornnnox
snanennm pycckoro rnarona, koneanne na xaxano+o. Kpo-
xe +oro, pycckoe n onrapckoe cymec+nn+entnte ncnontsy-
m+cx co snanennxxn nsxennnnoc+t, neyc+onnnoc+t, ne-
90
noc+oxnc+no (koneanne +exnepa+ypt, koneanne na +ex-
nepa+ypa+a; koneanne nen, koneanne n nenn+e) n nepe-
mn+entnoc+t, coxnenne (Z saxe+nn ero koneanne. 3ae-
nxsax nerono+o koneanne). Pycckoe cnono nopaxanne n
onrapckoe nopaxanne nastnam+ ec+nne no snanennxx
rnaronon nopaxa+t n nopaxanax n nxem+ +akxe snane-
nne nn+epa+ypnoe, xystkantnoe n +.n. nponsneenne,
cosannoe no kakoxy-nno opasny. Cx. +akxe connae-
nne snanenn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx no+nepxenne,
pasxtmnenne, cpannenne n onrapcknx no+nrpxenne, pas-
xnmnenne, cpannenne.
B neko+optx pyrnx cnynaxx xt nxeex eno c nenon-
ntx connaennex snanenn pyccknx n onrapcknx napanne-
ne na -nue. Onent nac+o npn coo+necennoc+n pycckoro
nxenn c nenosnpa+ntx n nosnpa+ntx rnaronox onrapckoe
cymec+nn+entnoe coo+nocn+cx +ontko c nocnennx, a e-
c+nne no nenosnpa+noxy rnarony nastnae+ onokopennoe
cnono na -ne. Cpannn+e: nannna+t enenne nxymec+na, e-
nenne kne+kn sanonnax enene na nxymec+no+o, enenne
na kne+ka+a; npnc+yna+t k pacmnpennm nponsnoc+na, pac-
mnpenne nen npnc+rnnax krx pasmnpxnane na nponsno-
c+no+o, pasmnpenne na nenn+e; sannxa+tcx cnacennex nc-
nesammnx nnon pac+enn, nepn+t n ero cnacenne sann-
xanax ce crc cnacxnane+o na nsnesnamn nnone pac+ennx,
nxpnax n nerono+o cnacenne; npeycnena+t n ynnxennn no-
nnnenntx, ncnt+tna+t ynnxenne npeycnxnax n ynnxana-
ne+o na nonnnenn+e, nsnn+nax ynnxenne; nxe+t ont+ n
y+emennn necnac+ntx, nx coc+nennoro y+emennx nxax
onn+ n y+emanane+o na nemac+nn+e, sa coc+neno y+eme-
nne. Cx. connaenne pyrnx snanenn npnneenntx cnon.
Hanpnxep, pycckoe cymec+nn+entnoe enenne, noxnxo sna-
nenn ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx no rnarony, nxee+ +akxe sna-
nennx opa+noe yxnoxennm xa+exa+nneckoe ec+nne n
pacc+oxnne xexy o+xe+kaxn na nsxepn+entno mkane
(cx. MAC, I, 382). Bonrapckoe nxx enenne +oxe ncnontsy-
e+cx n ++nx snanennxx (cx. PBE, III, 682-683). Cpannn+e +ox-
ec+nennoc+t nernarontntx snanenn pyccknx cnon pacmn-
penne, cnacenne n +.. n nx onrapcknx napannene.
Bonrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe xoxe+ nxe+t nernaront-
noe snanenne, o+cy+c+nymmee y ero pyccko napannenn. Tak,
n conpexennox pycckox xstke cnono raanne nastnae+ e-
9J
c+nne no rnarony n nxee+ +akxe snanenne npenonoxenne,
oraka (cx. MAC, I, 295). Bonrapckoxy nxenn raanne,
noxnxo ykasanntx snanenn, cnoc+nenno eme ono
yxn, nspasn, c kon+o ce raae, npanyna (PBE, III, 44).
Tonno +ak xe pycckoe cymec+nn+entnoe xoxe+ ncnontso-
na+tcx c nernarontntx snanennex, ko+oporo ne+ y ero on-
rapcko napannenn. Cx. o+cy+c+nne snanennx ntcokoe xe-
c+o, nosntmennoc+t, nosntmenne y onrapckoro cnona
nonnmenne (cp. onr. nrsnnmenne) n nannnne ++oro snane-
nnx y pycckoro nxenn nontmenne (cx. MAC, III, J64).
Bonrapckne napannenn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue,
orennxmmnx n cnoe cexan+nnecko c+pyk+ype rnaront-
nte n nernarontnte snanennx, xory+ ncnontsona+tcx +ont-
ko co snanennex ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no rnarony. Cx.
yno+penenne pyccknx cnon nonnxenne, y+nepxenne, pox-
enne co snanennxxn coo+ne+c+nenno nnskoe xec+o,
xtcnt, nonoxenne, ntckastnanne, okastnammee, y+nep-
xammee n+o-n., ent, nncno, kora k+o-n. ponncx, a
+akxe npasnonanne ++oro nx (MAC, III, 288; IV, 53J; III,
726) n o+cy+c+nne ++nx snanenn y onrapcknx nxen nonnxe-
nne, y+nrpxenne, poxenne. B conpexennox onrapckox
xstke ykasannte snanennx ntpaxam+cx cymec+nn+entnt-
xn nnsnna n nanna, +nrpenne, cnonocone+annex poxen
en.
Onpeenennax nac+t onrapcknx cnon na -nue, pycckne na-
pannenn ko+optx kpoxe snanenn ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx
no rnarony nxem+ n pyrne snanennx, n nac+oxmee npexx
yc+apena. Cx., nanpnxep, cymec+nn+entnte sacenenne, sno-
yno+peenne n snoyno+penenne, oxnaxenne, nenne, noce-
nenne, cxemenne, ocnonnte snanennx ko+optx connaann co
snanennxxn pyccknx nxen. Cx. ncnontsonanne ++nx cnon n
onrapcko nn+epa+ype n+opo nononnnt XIX nepno no-
nonnnt XX neka: .nac+nnka+a nnn oxnaxenne+o na c+o-
xaxr+r nr nomno npexe, a ocoenno nr onax x1c+noc+t, 1+o
cnnp1nc+nyna xonepa e c+anana npnnnna a ca noxnn +ax
on1c+t y onne nnna, kon+o ca nne npepacnonoxenn a ca
sapasa+r o+r xonepna+a y+pona (ras. 3nanne, J875, N 20-2J,
3J5); .nr o+nomennx+a xexy Brnrapnx n Crpnx nac+ann
oxnaxenne (ras. Brnrapnx, 9. IV. J902, J); Hpen a cn
nprcne rnana+a c penonnepa, +o e nonynnn enema o+ Hnon-
nn, kox+o xy oaxame, ne nec crena+a nnac+ sanena+a-
92
na kaca+a n ro ana no cr sa snoyno+penenne rpxannn
cyxn. Hn. Bason, Crn. XXV, J0J (PBE, V, 956); Cekn nene
snae, ne nsnpanne+o c+ana caxo sa onn... Cnnko+o +ona ca
ak+n.., rnrapcknx+ napo xoxe a nsnece npe cne+a n
xnoro ome pyrn snoyno+penennx, kon+o ca o +akana c+e-
nen c+pamnn n rnycnann, mo+o xoxa+ a sanyx+ cnnknx cnx+.
C, J872, p. 47, 373 (+ax xe) n +..
Mnorne onrapckne napannenn pyccknx nxen na -nue,
nxemmnx rnarontnte n nernarontnte snanennx, n conpe-
xennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke ne ncnontsym+cx
co snanennex ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no rnarony: nc+rnne-
nne, nrneenne, nrsnnmenne, nrsnarpaxenne, nroprxenne,
onrnnenne, oc+nxenne, saknmnenne, nsnnenenne, nsxepe-
nne, nsnoneanne, nnmenne, naknonenne, nanpexenne, na-
caxenne, nacenenne, nacnoenne, nannnanne, oesnenenne,
okprxenne, oosnanenne, opamenne, oxnnenne, onnne-
+nopenne, onpeenenne, ocnonanne, o+enenne, naenne, nn-
canne, nokpennenne, nospannenne, noc+poenne, noc+rnne-
nne, npenoxenne, npeonpeenenne, npenncanne,
npeckasanne, npeynpexenne, npeknonenne, npnnnxenne,
npncnoconenne, npospenne, nponsneenne, nponnknonenne,
npocne+nenne, npocnemenne, pasnonoxenne, pemenne, cene-
nne, cknonenne, cxnpenne, cnapxxenne, c+ecnenne, c+pex-
nenne, crpanne, cropaxenne, cromenne, croprxenne,
crnpo+nnnenne, crnnnenne, +epsanne, +enenne, +rnkonanne,
yexenne, yneoxnenne, ynecenenne, ynnenenne, yromenne,
yrpnsenne, yonne+nopenne, yoc+onepenne, ykasanne, ykpen-
nenne, yxnoxenne, ynpaxnenne, yckopenne, ynpexenne,
xnnenne n nek. p. Cyx no anntx Cnonapno kap+o+ekn
Hnc+n+y+a onrapckoro xstka npn Bonrapcko akaexnn
nayk, no n+opo nononnne XIX neka ++n cymec+nn+entnte,
sa nexnoronncnenntxn ncknmnennxxn, xornn oosnana+t
n ec+nne no rnarony. Cx., nanpnxep: Hocne cxrp++a na
Cnxeona, Brnrapnx ca sanpxna na nr+x kax cnoe+o nrsnn-
menne n pasnn+ne. I. Bopnkon, HOB (npeno), II (PBE, II,
538); Hapanenno c prc+a na oprannsannx+a +pxname a
nrpnn n nroprxenne+o na nnenone+e. H. K. Znopon, Crn. II,
J84 (+ax xe, 627); Ha c1kae, 1+o non1kr+r ca naxnpa
na nnscka c+enent nr cnoe+o pasnn+ne, +o yno+p1nxna
enaknn cp1c+na sa oc+nxenne+o na cnon+e n1nn (ras.
3nanne, J875, N J5, 23J); Ipar Banenckn... npenara na
93
konrpecr-a+r, mo+o, nocn1 saknmnenie-+o na xnpr-a+r, a
p1mn cx1menna ena koxnccix a cx onpe1nn. (Uapn-
rpackn nec+nnk, J2. V. J856, J); Hoxor+r ne xox1 a ca
cntpmn nopan nnmenie na xpana (C. Bonen, Crkpa+ena
ocxancka nc+opnx, J87J, 93); Ckrpn, ca+arapn n pyrn Ana-
nn... npixxa sa nacenenie Mana Ckriu n onnu Mrciu (I.
Kprc+ennn, Hc+opnx nrrapcka, I, J87J, 4J6); nnxenie+o
na sexu-+a np1sr opamenie-+o na kou+o nnxaxt
cnrnne+o, e opasr na nnxenie+o na yxr+r nn. (x. Hne-
nnna, J87J, kn. 5, 69); .Typnnx e nanpannna cnnko, koe+o e
xoxana, sa a yckopn oxnnenne+o na nona+a (ras. Hona
Brnrapnx, J877, 288); Han. ...Anekcanpr xrnnn. Asr nn-
kakr xy neonymaxr sa npenoxenie xnpr. Tpea a aa
nepno asr nr Mockna, na +orana +o a ce p1mn. (A. mxa,
Hanoneon Bonanap+, (nepeno), J850, 68); 3a +1sn, kon-+o
ca optmann xanko nnnxanie na +osn np1x1+r, axe n
nr name np1xe, npn ncnnkt-+1 cp1c+na na na-nona-+a
nayka, np1ckasanie-+o na sa+x1nix-+a nce ome ca nokasna
ka+o +anc+nenno n nenoc+nxnxo (. Bn+anon, Heecnn
cne+nna, (nepeno), J875, 34); Brsyxr-+r 1me no-cnarkr,
n n1+apr-+r, na-n1ne nomexr, ckopo npoxenn+enenr, n
cnnko +ona 1me paoc+nt snakone na npnnnxenie xenae-
xa-+a cyma. (H. Kncnxon, O+kpn+ne+o na Axepnka, (ne-
peno), I, J875, 40); .yapnxa na ncnnko anrkr. Ocn1nt
+ona, r1-+o cx orpannnxnaxa nponsneeni e-+o n
np1pao+nanie-+o na ntpnt-+t xnno+nt no+p1t. (B.
nxn+pon, Acen I, (nepeno), J864, III, 33); Br xnoro c+pan-
nn n x1c+nn n1c+nnnn ca enxna ennr okyxen+r, crnnne-
nne+o na koro-+o o+ana+r na Ienepana Hrna+nena. (ras.
Hona Brnrapnx, J876, 20); .eno cnrypno cpec+no sa ykpen-
nenne na spanne+o nxr (x. Hayka, J883-J884, kn. 3-4, 328)
n no. Heko+opte ns nepenncnenntx ntme cnon yc+apena-
m+ n cnonx rnarontntx snanennxx n nocnenne ecx+nne-
+nx. Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk nce eme npnnon+ es
noxe+t oc+ap. snanennx ec+nnx no rnarony +aknx cy-
mec+nn+entntx, kak nsxepenne, onnne+nopenne, crnpo+nn-
nenne, ykasanne, ynpaxnenne n nek. p. Cx., nanpnxep: ns-
xepenne. J. ec+nne nsxepnane... (29J); onnne+nopenne...
knux. J. ec+nne na rnar. onnne+nopx; onnne+nopxnane.
(582) n +.n. Hponecc y+pa+t rnarontntx snanenn onrap-
cknxn nxenaxn na -nue npoonxae+cx. B snanennxx e-
94
c+nnx no rnarony ++n cymec+nn+entnte nt+ecnxm+cx ns
yno+penennx, n nepnym onepet, onokopenntxn opaso-
nannxxn na -ne (npenarane, npeckasnane, crnnnxnane,
yexanane, ykpennane n no.), a +akxe nxenaxn na -a, ecnn
+akne nxem+cx (npocne+a, crnpo+nna). 3axennnmee cyme-
c+nn+entnoe na -nue n ero rnarontnox snanennn nxx xoxe+
coo+nocn+tcx c pyrnx rnaronox. Cx., nanpnxep, noconna-
ne, nokasnane nxec+o ykasanne (ne ykasnane ns-sa noc+enen-
noro ntxoa ns yno+penennx pycnsxa ykasnax); cknmnna-
ne na xnp nxec+o saknmnenne na xnp (ne saknmnnane ns-sa
apxansannn snanennx nc+yna+t n cornamenne o nex-nno,
onnnantno npnnnxa+t, nonnctna+t oronop o nex-nno
y rnarona saknmnnax).
Kacaxct nponext cexan+nneckoro pasnn+nx pacnpoc+pa-
nnnmnxcx n onrapckox xstke n pesynt+a+e nepkonnocnanxn-
ckoro n pycckoro xstkonoro nnnxnnx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue,
K. Honon saxenae+: Brnrapcknx+ knnxonen esnk ce e o+necrn
+nopneckn krx sae+n+e o+ pyckn esnk o+rnaronnn crmec+nn-
+ennn na -nue. To e ocnoonn n xnoro cnynan +nx crme-
c+nn+ennn o+ konkpe+no+o snanenne, koe+o xoxe a ce ns-
pasn npes cro+ne+no+o napono crmec+nn+enno na -ne.
Hanpnxep pycko+o o+rnaronno crmec+nn+enno naenne nxa
ne snanennx konkpe+no naane na npexe+ (naenne
cnapxa) n ac+pak+no npanc+neno nnn n+ono pasno-
xenne. Brnrapcknx+ knnxonen esnk nrsnpnexa +ona crme-
c+nn+enno caxo c n+opo+o, ac+pak+no+o snanenne, samo-
+o nrpno+o, konkpe+no+o snanenne +o xoxe a nspasn c
napono+o orrnaronno crmec+nn+enno na -ne (naane), na-
npnxep: naane na kaxrk, no: naenne na nonek
82
. Cpannn-
+e +akxe cexan+nky onrapcknx cnon npeknonenne, +epsa-
nne n snanennx nx pyccknx napannene. Ecnn onrapckne
cymec+nn+entnte ncnontsym+cx n conpexennox xstke +ont-
ko co snanennxxn coo+ne+c+nenno rnyokoe ynaxenne, na-
roronenne, npanc+nennoe c+paanne, xyka, +o pycckne
nxena npeknonenne n +epsanne, noxnxo ac+pak+ntx sna-
nenn, nxem+ +akxe snanenne ec+nnx no rnarony (cx.
MAC, III, 377; IV, 357).
Hepeko cymec+nn+entnte na -nue sakpennxm+cx n on-
rapckox xstke +ontko n cnonx +epxnnonornnecknx snane-
nnxx. Tak, cnona naknonenne, cknonenne yno+penxm+cx n
nac+oxmee npexx ennc+nenno kak +epxnnt rpaxxa+nkn,
95
cnona npnnnxenne, yxnoxenne kak +epxnnt xa+exa+n-
kn, nxena crnpo+nnnenne, yckopenne kak +epxnnt nsn-
kn. Cpannn+e xnorosnannoc+t pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx
naknonenne, cknonenne, npnnnxenne, yxnoxenne, conpo-
+nnnenne, yckopenne.
B ontmox konnnec+ne cnynaen onrapckne nxena na -nue
coxpanxm+cx n xstke no n+opnnntx snanennxx, cnxsanntx c
rnarontntx ec+nnex kak cpec+no ero ocymec+nnennx, ero
orek+ nnn pesynt+a+, ero nponsnon+ent: onrnnenne, oc+n-
xenne, nacaxenne, nacenenne, oosnanenne, oxnnenne,
onpeenenne, nncanne, nospannenne, noc+poenne, no-
c+rnnenne, npenncanne, npeckasanne, nponsneenne, pe-
menne, crnnnenne, yneoxnenne, yoc+onepenne, ynpexe-
nne n p. Caxo ec+nne no rnarony, kak yxe o+xenanoct
ntme, nastnam+ cymec+nn+entnte na -ne. Ananornnnt
nponecc cexan+nnecko nepennnannn o+rnarontntx
nxen nanmancx n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka.
B ++o+ nponecc tnn nonnenent cymec+nn+entnte c cy-
nkcox -nue, opasonannte o+ conepmennonnontx rna-
rontntx ocnon n o+ coo+nocn+entntx c nnxn ocnon rnaro-
non neconepmennoro nna na -ea-, -uea-. 3a opasonannxxn
o+ rnaronon conepmennoro nna sakpennxnnct npexe+nte
snanennx, a sa nxenaxn, opasonanntxn o+ rnaronon neco-
nepmennoro nna, nponeccyantnte: pacnncanne pacnn-
ctnanne, nsanne nsananne, yopenne yapnnanne n
no.
83
B+opnnnte (nernarontnte) snanennx onrapcknx cyme-
c+nn+entntx na -nue, nxoxmnx n paccxa+pnnaexym rpyn-
ny, n n+opnnnte snanennx nx pyccknx napannene n ont-
mnnc+ne cnynaen connaam+. Hepeko, onako, o+xenae+cx
nenonnoe coo+ne+c+nne snanenn conoc+annxextx nxen.
Cx., nanpnxep, o+cy+c+nne snanennx c+po, pacnonoxe-
nne n c+pom y onrapckoro cnona noc+poenne n ero nann-
nne y pyccko napannenn (MAC, III, 325); cp. onr. c+po.
Cx. snanenne sa+pynennoe, c+ecnennoe nonoxenne, coc+o-
xnne pycckoro cymec+nn+entnoro nanpxxenne (MAC, II,
385) n o+cy+c+nne ++oro snanennx y onrapckoro nxenn na-
npexenne. Cx. pesynt+a+nnnoe snanenne yskax nac+t nero-
nno onrapckoro cymec+nn+entnoro c+ecnenne cp. sna-
nenne cysn+t, saysn+t rnarona c+ecnx n o+cy+c+nne ++nx
snanenn y pyccknx cnon c+ecnenne, c+ecnn+t (cp. pyc. cy-
96
xenne, cysn+t). Cx. +akxe nenonnoe connaenne n+opnnntx
snanenn onrapcknx nxen saknmnenne, okprxenne, opa-
menne, o+enenne, npenoxenne, pasnonoxenne, crpanne,
+enenne n p. n nx pyccknx napannene.
Pycckne o+rnarontnte nxena na -nue, ne nxemmne
n conpexennox nn+epa+ypnox xstke snanenn e-
c+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no rnarony, n nx onrapckne
napannenn
B conpexennox onrapckox xstke napannenn ykasanntx
pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx +akxe ne ncnontsym+cx c rnaront-
ntxn snanennxxn. Cx. cexan+nky nxen naroyxanne, nnn-
xanne, nrxenenne, nrsnanne, nrsknnnanne, nrsxymenne,
nrsxnmenne, nrc+anne, aponanne, oc+oxnne, xenanne, sa-
nemanne, saceanne, sa+pynenne, saxnnenne, snanne, sanne,
spenne, nsnaxnne, nsnnnenne, nsc+rnnenne, nsyxnenne, nxe-
nne, xnenne, nasnanne, nasnanne, nanxenonanne, naxepe-
nne, nacnaxenne, nac+poenne, neopasyxenne, oaxnne, oo-
nxnne, oxepsenne, onacenne, onrnnenne, ocesanne, o+nome-
nne, onep+anne, noneenne, noospenne, noxenanne,
noxep+nonanne, nosnonenne, nokasanne, nonoxenne, nocna-
nne, noc+anonnenne, noxoxenne, nperpemenne, npeanne,
npesnaxenonanne, npenasnanenne, npenonoxenne, npe-
pasnonoxenne, npeyexenne, npespenne, npenepexenne,
npec+rnnenne, npnnnenne, npnsnanne, npnnexanne, none-
nenne, nponnenne, pasonaponanne, pasnncanne, pasc+oxnne,
pac+enne, cnxnne, ckasanne, cnnsxoxenne, cpaxenne, c+pa-
anne, crrnamenne, cro+nomenne, crc+paanne, +nopenne,
+rpnenne, ynaxenne, yapenne, yxnnenne, ycxo+penne n p.
Onpeenennax nac+t pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx pac-
cxa+pnnaexo rpynnt ncnontsonanact co snanennex e-
c+nnx no rnarony eme n XIX nepno nononnne XX neka.
Cx., nanpnxep: Xnonyma cenancx exy neoxonx. Hyra-
nen nanxenonan ero nonkonnnkox n nopynnn exy... nosxy-
menne sanoon. Hymknn, Hc+opnx Hyranena (MAC, I, 20J);
Ckaxn, kakne saknnnantx Hxem+ na +oom nnac+t?
Bce xopomn: na nce npnsnantx Io+on x kak t c nea nac+t.
Hymknn, Hapockn k saxtcny o 4ayc+e (+ax xe, III, 409);
H no ckontko pas +opxec+nennt noko ntme ncxkoro non-
97
nentx xnpckoro, no ckontko pas +nopente ntme paspymentx.
Ioront, Hop+pe+ (+ax xe, IV, 344); .ne+ kaxnx, onee npn-
ronoro nx nsnaxnnx neannsnponanntx nryp. 4epcxan,
Onepkn no nc+. kaxnx (BAC, V, J04-J05). B ++o+ nepno c
rnarontntx snanennex eme yno+penxnnct n cymec+nn+ent-
nte nossnanne, nocc+anne, aponanne, nakasanne, nokasanne,
nonoxenne, nperpemenne n p. B nepno nononnne XIX neka
yc+apenae+ rnarontnoe snanenne cnona pac+enne (cx. ero nos-
nmm nkcannm cnonapex anx: Pac+ente cp. pac+r nnn
poc+r x. coc+oxnte no rnr., ycnoente nnmn nr cnom nno+t,
nr nemec+no IV, 76). Eme panee, k konny XVIII nanany
XIX neka, y+pannnam+ rnarontnte snanennx cymec+nn+ent-
nte nnnxanne, nocxnmenne n p.
B Cnonapno kap+o+eke Hnc+n+y+a onrapckoro xstka
xpanx+cx npnxept ncnontsonannx no n+opo nononnne XIX
neka c rnarontntx snanennex ontmo nac+n +ex onrap-
cknx nxen, nx pyccknx napannene ko+optx n XIX c+one-
+nn eme tnn ak+yantnt snanennx ec+nnx no rnarony. Cx.,
nanpnxep: Cen+nxi Cenepr norpxanr nr apxix+a c+po-
ra ncnnnnnna, no cr cnnko +y +o snannr a npnntpxe
krxr cee cn cona+t+1 cr ynennnenie na +1xna+a sanna+a
n cr aponanie+o na pasnt npnnnnerin (H. Mnxanonckn,
Prkonoc+no krx nceoma+a nc+opnx, (nepeno), J873, I,
279-280); .sa nakasanie na nocanxt. (Bpexennn npa-
nnna sa yc+poc+no+o na crena+a nac+ n Brnrapnx, J878,
J22); .a Vnnn-+n omnn (no npnsnanie n1pox+no C+nnnxo-
nono) cr caxaro napx cnoero Bnaa. (I. Kprc+ennn, Hc+o-
pnx rnrapcka, I, J87J, J83) n no. Cneye+, onako, nox-
nn+t, n+o no knnxno opxo na -nue xorno ckptna+t-
cx ncnontsymmeecx co snanennex ec+nnx naponoe cy-
mec+nn+entnoe na -ne. Knnxnt cynkc -nue n coc+ane
onn+epa+ypennoro naponoro nxenn ntnonnxn nnc+o c+n-
nnc+nneckym ynknnm. Cpannn+e: Cnnko +ona, cnp.
pac+enie+o, sa+nrc+xnanie+o n ynennnenie+o, nponsnasx o+r +y,
1+o 1+e+o nornrma xn1ko+o na xaka cn. (Hn+annme,
J872, kn. J3, 567) n Cnoper 1+nncka+a npac+t, xpanene+o
+p1yna a ae cxnramr o+peeno cnoper pac+ene+o na
nnne+o. (H. Boropon, Cencknx+ nekap, J875, 8).
Mnorne onrapckne cymec+nn+entnte anno rpynnt ne
coo+nocx+cx n conpexennox xstke c rnaronaxn ns-sa nx
o+cy+c+nnx. Cx., nanpnxep, nxena nrxenenne, nrsnanne,
98
oonxnne, nocnanne, ckasanne, cnnsxoxenne, ycxo+penne.
Coo+nocn+entnt rnaron npn cymec+nn+entnox na -nue
nac+o o+cy+c+nye+ n n conpexennox onrapckox, n n co-
npexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke. Cx. pycckne n
onrapckne nxena spenne, neopasyxenne, npesnaxenona-
nne, npeyexenne, pyc. pacc+oxnne, onr. pasc+oxnne n
p. Btxo ns yno+penennx pyccknx xo+nnnpymmnx rnaro-
non nponcxonn n pasnnnnte nepnot pasnn+nx xstka.
Heko+opte ns ++nx rnaronon eme nkcnpym+cx conpexen-
ntxn +onkontxn cnonapxxn kak yc+apenmne. Cx.., nanpn-
xep, spe+t, npesnaxenona+t, npeyen+t (MAC, I, 622;
III, 365, 373). Coo+nocn+entnoc+t nxenn na -nue c rnaro-
nox xoxe+ nanma+tcx +ontko n onrapckox xstke: nasn-
anne nasnanax, oaxnne oanax (oax), nperpeme-
nne nperpemanax (nperpema). penneonrapnsxt nasn-
a+t, oax+t, nperpema+t (nperpemn+t) n pycckox nn+epa-
+ypnox xstke ntmnn ns yno+penennx. Cx. +akxe
o+cy+c+nne y conpexennoro pycckoro rnarona npea+t sna-
nennx, c ko+optx xorno t coo+nocn+tcx cymec+nn+ent-
noe npeanne (yc+nt pacckas, nerena), n nannnne +ako-
ro snanennx y onrapckoro rnarona npeanax (npeax) cx.
BTP, 757.
3nanennx pyccknx n onrapcknx nxen paccxa+pnnaexo
rpynnt xory+ ne connaa+t nonnoc+tm. Tak, nanpnxep, pyc-
ckoe cymec+nn+entnoe nokasanne ncnontsye+cx n nac+ox-
mee npexx co cneymmnxn snanennxxn: J. cnne+entc+no,
no ko+opoxy xoxno cyn+t o nex-n. Pacxoxennx n noka-
sannxx nn+epa+ypntx nc+onnnkon; 2. o+ne+ na onpoce;
cneennx, coomaexte na onpoce. Hokasannx cnne+ene.
a+t nokasannx; 3. nennnnna nero-n., nokastnaexax nsxe-
pn+entntx nnn cne+ntx npnopox. Hokasannx apoxe+-
pa; 4. Me. Coc+oxnne oprannsxa nnn o+entnt npnsnak,
ykastnammne na nosxoxnoc+t, onyc+nxoc+t, neoxon-
xoc+t kakoro-n. nekapc+na, nenennx, npetnannx re-n.,
npomueon. npo+nnonokasanne. Hokasannx k onepannn. Ho-
kasanne k c+annonapnoxy nenennm (MAC, III, 243). B co-
npexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cymec+-
nn+entnoe nokasanne ne nxee+ ne+nep+oro, +epxnnonornn-
noro snanennx, cnoc+nennoro pycckoxy nxenn. Kpoxe +oro,
nepnoe snanenne, eme nkcnpyexoe Bonrapcknx +onkontx
cnonapex (annn, no kon+o ce crn sa nemo; xa+epnan,
99
ko+o conn, nokasna nemo. Tona nncxo e nene opo noka-
sanne BTP, 69J), n xstke nocnennx ecx+nne+n yc+apena-
e+. B nac+oxmee npexx ++o snanenne ntpaxae+cx cnonox
cnne+enc+no.
Heko+opte onrapckne napannenn onosnanntx n conpe-
xennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke cymec+nn+entntx
xnorosnannt. Pycckoe nxx ncc+ynnenne ncnontsye+cx co
snanennex kpanxx c+enent ymennoro nosyxennx, co-
nponoxammaxcx no+epe caxoonaannx; nenc+onc+no
(MAC, I, 687). Bonrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe nsc+rnnenne,
noxnxo ykasannoro, nxee+ +akxe snanenne O6ukn. +n.
ec+nnx, noc+rnkn, nsnrpmenn n +akona crc+oxnne; nacn-
nnx, nsena+enc+na... ff Ipya pasnpana, xec+oko nacnnne;
nsena+enc+no (PBE, VI, 662). B conpexennox onrapckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke nxena naroyxanne n nrsxnmenne
yno+penxm+cx co snanennxxn coo+ne+c+nenno: J. Hpnx+en
na xnpnsxa, rx; narononne, apoxa+. <...> 2. Ca+o +n.
Apoxa+nnnn nemec+na, xacna, narononnx n J. Cnnno nyn-
c+no, npn koe+o ce nsnn+na yonne+nopenne, yononc+nne
nrn nncma c+enen n koe+o e cnrpsano onkn. c ronxxa ec+e-
+nnecka nacnaa; nrsxn+a. <...> 2. O6ukn. +n. yxn, c kon-
+o ce nspasxna +akona nync+no (PBE, I, 645; II, 606-607).
Pycckne cymec+nn+entnte naroyxanne n nocxnmenne n co-
npexennox xstke nxem+ nnmt nepnte snanennx, onako n
npemec+nymmne nepnot pasnn+nx xstka nx tnn cno-
c+nennt n n+opte. Cnonapt pycckoro xstka XVIII neka +ak
+onkye+ snanenne cnona naroyxanne: Hpnx+nt sanax, apo-
xa+; ncnyckanne apoxa+a... ff Bnarononnoe nemec+no; n-
xnax (II, 55); cpannn+e n cnonape anx: naroyxanie cp.
npix+nt yxr, sanaxr, narononie, naxynec+t, ymnc+oc+t;
ff no xn. n. apoxa+t, nemec+na ymnc+tx; kypenix (I, 95).
Cxo+pn+e +akxe, kak onnctnae+ Cnonapt pycckoro xstka
XVIII neka ono ns snanenn cymec+nn+entnoro nocxnme-
nne:Btcmax c+enent yonontc+nnx, yonne+nopennx, pa-
oc+n (cp. p. ravissement). ff xn. Btpaxennx, snakn yo-
nontc+nnx, noc+opra... Bocxnmennx, nonoxenne, nsoxn n
nn Hcnanna +ak yc+pamnnn nyx nnx.., n+o on1 nonpx-
+annct na nepak. Hentck. Kyx I J30" (IV, J00). Taknx opa-
sox, xt nxeex eno co cnynaxxn, kora onrapckne nxena
na -nue coxpanxm+ snanennx, y+panennte nx pyccknxn na-
pannenxxn.
J00
Hac+t onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -nue,
pycckne napannenn ko+optx ncnontsym+cx n conpexennox
xstke +ontko c nernarontntxn snanennxxn, yc+apena: ne-
nenne, axnne, nonenenne, npnnomenne n nek. p. Pycckne
coo+ne+c+nnx npnneenntx onrapcknx nxen ne ne+pantnt
n yno+penxm+cx n nac+oxmee npexx c onpeenenntxn
c+nnnc+nnecknxn nenxxn. 3nann+entno pexe yc+apenae+
pycckoe o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe na -nue, a ero on-
rapckax napannent npoonxae+ ncnontsona+tcx n kanec+ne
ne+pantno nnn knnxno xstkono ennnnt. Cx. ntxo
ns yno+penennx pyccknx cnon epsnonenne, snaxenne n nc-
nontsonanne n conpexennox onrapckox xstke nxen
prsnonenne, snaxenne.
Conoc+annenne cexan+nkn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx na
-nue, ncnontsymmnxcx ncknmnn+entno co snanennex e-
c+nnx nnn ec+nnx n coc+oxnnx, c cexan+nko nx onrap-
cknx napannene, a +akxe cpannenne snanenn nocnennx
co snanennxxn nxen na -ne npnnon+ k cneymmexy sa-
knmnennm. Bonrapckne nxena c cynkcox -nue n snann-
+entno xentme c+enenn rnarontnt ne +ontko n conoc+an-
nennn c onokopenntxn opasonannxxn na -ne. Onn onee
anekn o+ rnarona n no cpannennm co cnonxn pyccknxn na-
pannenxxn.
B pycckox xstke o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe na -nue
xoxe+ oosnana+t ec+nne n ero +enennn n npomemee,
conepmnnmeecx ec+nne. To xe cnoconoc+tm onaae+
onpeenennax nac+t onrapcknx coo+ne+c+nn ++nx pyccknx
nxen (ynnmoxenne, ns+penenne n nek. p.). Onako konky-
pennnx c cymec+nn+entntxn na -ne, xapak+epnsymmnxncx
xpko nponeccyantnoc+tm cexan+nkn, nnonax npo+nnono-
c+annennoc+t rnarontntx ocnon konkypnpymmnx nxen oyc-
nannnnae+ +enennnm k pasrpannnennm nx snanenn: cnono
na -nue otknonenno nastnae+ pesynt+a+nnnoe ec+nne, a
cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne ec+nne kak nponecc (cr+nope-
nne cr+nopxnane, nsnrnnenne nsnrnnxnane). Hecxo+px
na nannnne noono +enennnn, cexan+nneckax nepen-
nnannx onokopenntx nxen name ncero ne+ n pyrox na-
npannennn: cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne npoonxae+ cnyxn+t
nanxenonannex o+nnenennoro ec+nnx, a cnono c cy-
nkcox -nue, +epxx rnarontnte cnxsn, pasnnnae+ cnoe sna-
J0J
nenne n c+opony ero cyc+an+nnannn (nekynane nene-
nne, npenrnnr+xnane npenrnnrmenne, ycnoxnxnane
ycnoxnenne n no.). Heko+opte onrapckne napannenn pyc-
cknx cnon, xo+nnnpyextx n nenosnpa+ntxn, n nosnpa+ntxn
rnaronaxn, coo+nocx+cx +ontko c nocnennxn (nsnenenne,
nsannenne n p.). Moxe+ nanma+tcx coo+necennoc+t
nxenn na -nue nnmt c onpeenenntxn snanennxxn nenos-
npa+noro nnn nosnpa+noro rnarona (ocnooxenne, pasno-
xenne n p.). ec+nne nnn coc+oxnne no pyrnx ero snane-
nnxx nastnae+ onokopennoe cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne. Ho-
+epx onrapcknxn nxenaxn c cynkcox -nue cnxsn c rna-
ronox xoxe+ npnnon+t k y+pa+e o+entntx rnarontntx
snanenn cymec+nn+entnoro (nokymenne). Heko+opte on-
rapckne napannenn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx, ncnontsym-
mnxcx ncknmnn+entno co snanennxxn ec+nnx n coc+ox-
nnx, pasnnnam+ na onrapcko nonne nernarontnte snane-
nnx (npenrnnrmenne, ycnokoenne n nek. p.). axe n +ex
cnynaxx, kora onrapckoe nxx na -nue onaae+ cnocono-
c+tm nastna+t ec+nne no nenosnpa+noxy rnarony, nac+o-
+a ero ncnontsonannx no cpannennm c pyccknx coo+ne+c+nn-
ex xentme. 3+o cnxsano c nannnnex n onrapckox xstke
onokopennoro opasonannx na -ne, name ntnpaexoro nx
oosnanennx ec+nnx n ero +enennn, n n o+entntx cnyna-
xx c ynknnonnponannex n penn cnennantno cosannoro no
napono xoenn onokopennoro nxenn na -a. Mnorne on-
rapckne cymec+nn+entnte c cynkcox -nue, ncnontsonan-
mnecx c rnarontntxn snanennxxn, n nac+oxmee npexx yc+a-
penn nnn yc+apenam+ (o+rxec+nenne, npekpamenne, noxn-
nenne, omenne n p.). Vno+penenne neko+optx pyrnx
nxen orpannneno paxkaxn knnxno penn (ononnenne,
crxpanenne, pnanne, cr+nopenne n no.).
Hsnec+nax nac+t onrapcknx napannene pyccknx cnon na
-nue, kpoxe snanenn ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no rnarony
nxemmnx n pyrne snanennx, +akxe cone+ae+ n cnoe cexan-
+nnecko c+pyk+ype rnarontnoc+t n npexe+noc+t. O+xena-
e+cx nonnoe (koneanne, nopaxanne, cpannenne n p.) n
nenonnoe connaenne snanenn conoc+annxextx nxen. Hac-
+o npn coo+necennoc+n pycckoro cymec+nn+entnoro c nenos-
npa+ntx n nosnpa+ntx rnaronox onrapckoe nxx coo+no-
cn+cx +ontko c nocnennx, a ec+nne no nenosnpa+noxy rna-
J02
rony oosnanae+ onokopennoe cymec+nn+entnoe c cynk-
cox -ne (enenne, cnacenne, ynnxenne n no.). Bonrapckoe
cnono xoxe+ yno+penx+tcx c nernarontntx snanennex, o+-
cy+c+nymmnx y ero pyccko napannenn (raanne), pycckoe
nxx +akxe xoxe+ nxe+t nernarontnoe snanenne, ko+oporo
ne+ y ero onrapckoro coo+ne+c+nnx (pyc. nontmenne, onr.
nonnmenne; nonnxenne; pyc. y+nepxenne, onr. y+nrpxe-
nne). Bontmx rpynna onrapcknx nxen na -nue, pycckne na-
pannenn ko+optx nxem+ rnarontnte n nernarontnte snane-
nnx, n conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke ne
nastnae+ ec+nnx nnn coc+oxnnx no rnarony (nc+rnnenne,
nroprxenne, onrnnenne, nsnnenenne, npenoxenne, cro-
menne n xn. p.). 3a peknxn ncknmnennxxn, no n+opo no-
nonnne XIX neka ++n cymec+nn+entnte ncnontsonannct n co
snanennex ec+nnx. Bnocnec+nnn n rnarontntx snanennxx
onn tnn nt+ecnent ns yno+penennx nxenaxn, opa-
sonanntxn no napono xoenn, n nepnym onepet cyme-
c+nn+entntxn na -ne. Mnoronncnennt cnynan, kora on-
rapckne cnona c cynkcox -nue coxpanxm+cx n xstke n sna-
nennxx, cnxsanntx c rnarontntx ec+nnex kak ero orek+
nnn pesynt+a+, cpec+no ero ocymec+nnennx, ero cyrek+
(onrnnenne, nacenenne, onpeenenne, noc+poenne, npenn-
canne n no.). Hac+o onrapckne napannenn pyccknx nxen,
ncnontsymmnxcx c rnarontntxn n nernarontntxn snanenn-
xxn, sakpennxm+cx n xstke +ontko n kanec+ne +epxnnon (na-
knonenne, npnnnxenne, crnpo+nnnenne n p.). Cexan+nne-
ckoe pacnoonenne onrapcknx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue n
na -ne ananornnno nanmammecx n pycckox nn+epa+yp-
nox xstke XIX neka cxtcnono nepennnannn o+rnaront-
ntx nxen c cynkcox -nue, opasonanntx o+ ocnon rnaro-
non conepmennoro nna n o+ coo+nocn+entntx c nnxn neco-
nepmennonnontx ocnon na -ea-, -uea-.
B conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke napan-
nenn pyccknx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue, ne ncnontsymmnx-
cx n nac+oxmee npexx co snanennxxn ec+nnx nnn coc+ox-
nnx no rnarony, +akxe ne nxem+ rnarontntx snanenn (nnn-
xanne, nrsxymenne, oc+oxnne, saxnnenne, nasnanne, na-
c+poenne, oaxnne n xn. p.). Ma+epnant Cnonapno
kap+o+ekn Hnc+n+y+a onrapckoro xstka npn BAH cnne-
+entc+nym+ o +ox, n+o no n+opo nononnne XIX neka c rna-
J03
rontntx snanennex yno+penxnact ontmx nac+t +ex on-
rapcknx cnon na -nue, nx pyccknx napannene ko+optx n
XIX neke eme tnn ak+yantnt snanennx ec+nnx no rnaro-
ny (aponanne, npnsnanne n p.). Coo+nocn+entnt rnaron
npn cymec+nn+entnox ++o rpynnt xoxe+ o+cy+c+nona+t
n n conpexennox pycckox, n n conpexennox onrapckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke (pyc. n onr. neopasyxenne, npey-
exenne n p.) nnn +ontko n onrapckox (nrxenenne,
nrsnanne, nocnanne n p.) n (pexe) +ontko n pycckox xstke
(nasnanne, oaxnne, nperpemenne). Bonrapckoe nxx na -nue
xoxe+ nxe+t xentme snanenn, nex ero pycckax napannent, n
+o xe npexx cymec+nn+entnte c ++nx cynkcox xory+ pas-
nnna+t nonte nnn coxpanx+t +e snanennx, ko+opte y+panent
nx pyccknxn napannenxxn.
Ha npo+xxennn nce nc+opnn cexan+nneckoro pasnn+nx
ka+eropnn o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue n pyc-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke npoxnnxe+cx c+pexnenne ++nx
nxen ocnoon+tcx o+ o+xromamme nx snanenne rnaront-
noc+n
84
. B conpexennox xstke cymec+nn+entnte na -nue
cexan+nneckn neonopont, oosnanenne o+nnenennoro
ec+nnx no rnarony yxe ne xnnxe+cx omnx ka+eropnant-
ntx npnsnakox, cnocontx noepxnna+t nenoc+noc+t
++oro paspxa cnon. B onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke n
cnny cnennnkn ero nekcnnecko n rpaxxa+nnecko cnc+ex,
a n nsnec+no c+enenn n n pesynt+a+e nopxannsa+opcko
ex+entnoc+n onrapcknx xstkoneon n nn+epa+opon, npo-
necc o+xoa nxenn na -nue o+ rnarona yckopxe+cx. Cne-
c+nnx ++oro nponecca onent cymec+nennt. Hernarontnoc+t
onrapcknx o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -nue,
nx c+nnnc+nneckne cnoc+na, ocoennoc+n anno cnonoopa-
sona+entno xoenn ynn+tnam+cx conpexenntxn
nccneona+enxxn, nanpnxep E. Ieoprneno, konc+a+npy-
mme nenpanoxepnoc+t orennennx ++nx nxen n cnon na
-ne n ony rpynny o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx
85
.
J04
I:aea III
Ceuanxnneckoe asnnxne oxrarotnmx nuen
na - n coneuennou orackou nsmke
0
ymec+nn+entnte na -ne kak nenoc+nax ka+eropnx
xapak+epnsym+cx cnoe +ecno cnxstm c rnaronox, npo-
neccyantnoc+tm snanennx. Ocnonnax nx ynknnx ntpa-
xenne o+nnenennoro ec+nnx no snanennm rnarona neco-
nepmennoro nna. Tex ne xenee onpeenennax nac+t nxen
na -ne pasnnnana n npoonxae+ pasnnna+t n+opnnnte, ne-
rnarontnte snanennx, na n+o yxe ne pas opamann nnnxa-
nne nccneona+enn
86
.
I. B nocnenne ecx+nne+nx naxenae+cx +enennnx k pas-
nn+nm y pxa o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx na -ne pas-
nnnnoro poa pesynt+a+nnntx, nenponeccyantntx snanenn.
nx onpeenenntx nekcnko-cexan+nnecknx rpynn nxen c
cynkcox -ne xnnenne cyc+an+nnannn c+anonn+cx
oc+a+onno xapak+epntx. B nepnym onepet ono sa+parn-
nae+ nac+t cymec+nn+entntx, opasonanntx o+ nepexontx
rnaronon n coo+ne+c+nymmnx nx rnaronon c nosnpa+no
xopexo ce. Heko+opte nonte snanennx yxe oc+a+onno
nponno sakpennnnct n xstke, o nex cnne+entc+nye+ ak+
nx nkcannn conpexenntxn +onkontxn cnonapxxn. Tak,
cnonapn npnnox+ pesynt+a+nnno-o+nnenennte snanennx cy-
mec+nn+entntx pasnpane, cxnamane, nnxane, opasonan-
ntx o+ oosnanammnx xtcnn+entnte ec+nnx rnaronon
pasnpax, cxnamax, nnxax (n snanennn nonnxam, oco-
snam, onennnam). Cx.: pasnpane Hannn, no ko+o no-
nek pasnpa nema+a; cxnamane, neonornx (BTP, 837); cxna-
a`
J05
mane Hannn, no ko+o nonek cxnama nemo; pasnpane,
c+anonnme (BTP, 98J); nnxane -cxnamane, o+nomenne na
nxkoro (onkn. na xyoxnnk, +nopen n aena onac+ na ns-
kyc+no+o) krx ak+yannn nrnpocn, krx ec+e+nneckn, nno-
cockn n p. nponexn (PBE , II, J77). Cx. +akxe neko+o-
pte npnxept ncnontsonannx ++nx cnon: ...nnca+enn, nn+e-
pa+yponen, xypnannc+n nokasaxa, ne ce opxnpa nanc+n-
na nono pasnpane sa enponeckn ox n cnx+ es rpannnn...
(ras. Benepnn nonnnn, J990, 8 nmnx); Cnope I. 4nnrape+
o+ Cne+onna+a spanna oprannsannx +ona cxnamane e onac-
no sanyxenne (ras. Opn+a, J990, 3 xap+a); . Cnpkon:
Mncrn+a xn e, ne n nap+nx+a nxa cnnn, kon+o o+c+oxna+
cnoe nnxane n ro samn+ana+ n paxkn+e na nrsxoxno+o.
pyr e nrnpocr+, ne, peanno nornena+o, +ona nnxane e
openeno (ras. yxa, J990, 22 xax).
B nc+opnn nmoro xstka neoxonxoc+t n ntpaxennn
nontx nonx+n ncera nnene+ sa coo noxnnenne n pac-
npoc+panenne n ++ox xstke (ncnec+nne sanxc+nonann ns
pyrnx xstkontx cnc+ex nnn n pesynt+a+e nponsnoc+na c
noxomtm coc+nenntx cnonoopasona+entntx cpec+n)
nono nekcnkn. B nononnennn cnonapnoro coc+ana nonoon-
rapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka ac+pak+no nekcnko sna-
nn+entnym pont, kak nsnec+no, ctrpan nepkonnocnanxnckn
n nosnee pycckn xstk, npnnex n nsnec+nox konnnec+ne
cnynaen npn nocpennnec+ne nepkonnocnanxnckoro n pyc-
ckoro n nonoonrapckn nn+epa+ypnt xstk nosnpamanact
nekcnka c+apoonrapckoro nponcxoxennx. Cnntnoe nep-
konnocnanxncko-pycckoe xstkonoe nnnxnne nxeno ontmoe
snanenne, n nac+noc+n, nx opxnponannx n nonoonrap-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke ka+eropnn o+rnarontntx
cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -nue. 3+n nxena n cnonx
rnarontntx snanennxx ne xornn konkypnpona+t c napont-
xn opasonannxxn na -ne, oosnanammnxn o+nnenennoe
ec+nne no cexan+nke coo+ne+c+nymmero rnarona. Ho++o-
xy ocnonnax nac+t sakpennnmnxcx n conpexennox xstke
cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -nue ncnontsye+cx c pasnnn-
noro poa nenponeccyantntxn snanennxxn. K onpeenen-
noxy nepnoy n nc+opnn xstka n ero cnonapno cnc+exe
sakpennnnct nekcnneckne napt, coc+oxmne ns rnarona n
nponsnonoro nxenn na -nue c pesynt+a+nnno-o+nnenenntx
nnn pesynt+a+nnno-konkpe+ntx snanennex. H+o kacae+cx
J06
nn+epecymmnx nac rnaronon, oosnanammnx xtcnn+entnte
nponecct, +o npn xnornx ns nnx nx ntpaxennx pesynt+a-
+nnntx nenponeccyantntx snanenn yno+penxm+cx npo-
nsnonte nxena na -nue: npenonarax, npenonoxa npe-
nonoxenne; pemanax, pema pemenne; paspemanax, pas-
pema paspemenne; onpeenxx, onpeenx onpeenenne
(cx. +akxe npn pxe rnaronon, sanxc+nonanntx ns sanano-
enponecknx xstkon: xapak+epnsnpax xapak+epnc+nka; e-
nnnpax ennnnnx), no: pasnpax ? cxnamax ? nnx-
ax (nonnxam, ocosnam...) ? B conpexennox onrap-
ckox xstke ne opasym+cx nonte cnona c noxomtm cy-
nkca -nue. Cax cynkc nocnpnnnxae+cx kak c+pyk+ypnax
ocoennoc+t cnon, ocnonnax nac+t ko+optx pacnpoc+pannnact
n nn+epa+ypnox xstke n pesynt+a+e nepkonnocnanxncko-pyc-
ckoro nnnxnnx. Ho++oxy neoxonxoc+t n ntpaxennn pesynt-
+a+nnno-o+nnenennoro snanennx npnnon+ k cexan+nnecko-
xy pasnn+nm o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx na -ne.
3ankcnponana conpexenntxn cnonapxxn xnorosnan-
noc+t cymec+nn+entnoro ycemane. 3+o cnono pasnnno sna-
nennx: a) pesynt+a+ nosec+nnx na oprant nync+n xnne-
nn orek+nnnoro xnpa; ) ncnt+tnaexoe kex-nno nyn-
c+no, nnena+nenne, coc+oxnne. Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk
orxcnxe+ ++n snanennx +aknx opasox: J. Brsnpnx+ne, npe-
nsnnkano o+ nrsec+nne+o na nrnmen pasnn+en nrpxy nx-
ko o+ ce+nnnn+e oprann... 2. Hpexnnxnane (J048). Cx.
ncnontsonanne cnona n penn: a) Vcemannx+a ca ns+onnnk na
nosnanne+o; ) Kak prkonoc+no+o na Vnnnepcannn xa-
rasnnn a no+ymn n cee cn ycemane+o, ne e napymn+en...
(ras. O+enec+nen pon+, J990, 9 xap+a). oannx +akxe, n+o
cnono ycemane, xnnxxct nnococknx +epxnnox, nxee+ n
+epxnnonornneckoe snanenne +nexen+apnax opxa nyn-
c+nennoro nosnannx.
Cymec+nn+entnoe npeycemane xoxe+ yno+penx+tcx
kak cnnonnx cnona npenync+nne, ko+opoe cnonapt +onky-
e+ +ak: nync+no, ne nemo xoxe a c+ane, a ce cnynn (BTP,
763) Hxax npeycemane+o sa mac+nnn sanrpmek.
B nocnenee npexx nanmae+cx yno+penenne cnona
npecnnnane n kanec+ne cnnonnxa cymec+nn+entnoro npe-
ynennnenne n pesynt+a+nnnox snanennn +o, n+o npeynenn-
neno, nexy npnano npesxepno ontmoe snanenne: B pas-
kasa xy xora+ a ce saenexa+ penna npecnnnannx.
J07
Pasnnno n+opnnnoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoe npennx-
ane npenapn+entnoe cyxenne, ocnonannoe na nepox+-
noc+n nero-nno, npenonoxenne: O+kre nna+ npennx-
annx+a sa ynn+enckn+e crkpamennx? (ras. Tpy, J990, J
nmnx).
nx cnona knacnpane +nnnnno yno+penenne c pesynt+a-
+nnntx snanennex nopxok pacnonoxennx, pasxemennx
cnop+cxenon n +ypnnpno +annne n coo+ne+c+nnn c noka-
sanntxn pesynt+a+axn: ...namnx+ o+op nxxa a sanom-
na nrpno+o xxc+o, non+n e cnrypno, ne nxxa a cxe n n+opn
n knacnpane+o (ras. O+enec+nen pon+, J990, 9 xap+a).
4nkcnpye+cx conpexenntxn cnonapxxn pesynt+a+nnnoe,
konkpe+no-npexe+noe snanenne o+rnarontnoro cymec+nn-
+entnoro nscnenane naynno crnnnenne, n koe+o ce ns-
cnena nxko nrnpoc (BTP, 306): Knnra+a na Toop Boxn-
kon n +pxnano a re nknmnena n ynenn+e nporpaxn na
nncmn+e ynenn saneennx, samo+o krx xnoro+o n oc+o-
nnc+na +pxna a npnannx, ne e npnxep sa ec+nn+enno
cepnosno naynno nscnenane (ras. Opn+a, J990, 3 xap+a).
Onennno, ne cymec+nye+ npenx+c+nn nx pasnn+nx npe-
xe+noro snanennx n y cymec+nn+entnoro npoynnane, opa-
sonannoro o+ rnarona, cexan+nneckn nnskoro rnarony ns-
cnenax.
B peneno npak+nke nocnennx ecx+nne+n pasnnnnct
n sakpennnnct pesynt+a+nnnte snanennx y o+rnarontnoro
cymec+nn+entnoro nskasnane. Cx. yno+penenne ++oro cno-
na n snanennxx a) ntckasannoe cyxenne, xnenne no +oxy
nnn nnoxy nonpocy n ) nynnnnoe ntc+ynnenne, pent,
okna, saxnnenne
87
: a) Hpesnen+r+ Bonex Zpysenckn
naynn, ne n nnopxannx+a sa nerona+a cpema c prkono-
c+no+o na Crmsa na exokpa+nnnn+e cnnn n Brnrapnx e nno
nn+npano no ne+onen nannn, nsnaeno o+ mnpoknx kon+ekc+,
nerono+o nskasnane na +asn cpema. Hpesnen+r+ cxx+a, ne
nsnaeno+o nskasnane xoxe a re nn+epnpe+npano rpem-
no (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax); ...ne+ox n npeca+a Bame+o
nskasnane sa npenoxenne+o na npesnen+a me ro nonn-
ma. (ras. yxa, J990, 22 xax); ) B cnoe+o nc+rnn+enno
nskasnane ento enen o+kpon pasnnnnx+a n ocnonnn+e
nosnnnn na enerannn+e (ras. Pao+nnnecko eno, J990, 30
xnnapx).
J08
Pasnnnae+cx pesynt+a+nnnoe, nenponeccyantnoe snanenne
y cymec+nn+entnoro +rnkynane. Cpannn+e npnxept yno+-
penennx ++oro cnona co snanennex ec+nnx n snanennex
+o, n+o +onkye+, orxcnxe+ n+o-nno: Krx eno no-mn-
poko +rnkynane na +osn nponex xe naconna onen+ Brnko
Manpon... (ras. Opn+a, J990, J0 xap+a) n Pasxcnennx n
+rnkynannx no npak+nneckn nrnpocn no noro+onka+a na
nsopn+e n o+nn+ane+o na pesyn+a+n+e o+ +xx ae cekpe-
+apx+ na nen+panna+a koxncnx nxn+rp Honon (ras. Tpy,
J990, J nmnx). B nepnox npnxepe rnarontnoc+t nxenn no-
epxnnae+cx nannnnex npn nex cymec+nn+entnoro c npe-
norox na, ntpaxammero orek+ ec+nnx
88
. Bo n+opox
npnxepe o+rnarontnoe nxx +epxe+ snanenne nponeccyant-
noc+n nesanncnxo o+ opxt xnoxec+nennoro nncna. o-
nonnenne npn nex o+cy+c+nye+, a cexan+nka nxenn konkpe-
+nsnpye+cx c noxomtm necornaconannoro onpeenennx.
Caxo cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne sannxae+ nosnnnm npxxoro
orek+a, n ko+opo c+enent rnarontnoc+n nponsnontx nxen
cnnxae+cx.
O+entnte cymec+nn+entnte na -ne peannsym+ cnon
nernarontnte snanennx nnmt n opxe xnoxec+nennoro nnc-
na. Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk npnnon+ yxe oc+a+on-
no nponno sakpennnmeecx n xstke npexe+noe snanenne
cnona cnec+xnane cnec+enn napn nnn pyro nemo (953).
Cx. ncnontsonanne cnona c ++nx snanennex n penn: Tesn
annn onponeprana+, ne 80 na c+o o+ ncnnkn cnec+xnannx ce
nasx+ n +pn na c+o o+ ankonn+e nnorone (ras. O+enec+nen
pon+, J990, 9 xap+a).
nx pasnn+nx n sakpennennx n xstke nontx, nernaront-
ntx snanenn cymec+nn+entntx na -ne naxnt kak nenocpe-
c+nennte cnn+akcnneckne cnxsn ++nx nxen n npenoxennn,
+ak n mnpokn cexan+nneckn kon+ekc+. Tak, nanpnxep,
kon+ekc+t +nna pyra rpyna o+ crma+a oprannsannx krcno
cnomn ce crpa n na Opnon xoc+, oc+ana +ax nxna nom n
o xoxen+a ne ca ce paso+nmnn. Hopan +xxno+o c+pynna-
ne nnxenne+o na xo+opnn npenosnn cpec+na n na rpa-
cknx +pancnop+ e cnpxno... (ras. Benepnn nonnnn, J990, J3
nmnx) cosam+ ycnonnx nx pasnn+nx y cnona c+pynnane
snanennx ontmoe konnnec+no copanmnxcx, ckonnnmnxcx
re-nnyt nme, npexe+on.
J09
Perynxpno peannsye+cx pesynt+a+nnnoe snanenne y
cymec+nn+entnoro saprc+nane xemammee nopxantno-
xy ynnnnoxy nnxennm ckonnenne +pancnop+a: Honnnnx-
+a esycnemno ce onn+name a pasnnc+n saprc+nane+o.
Hac+oe yno+penenne c pesynt+a+nnntxn snanennxxn
xapak+epno nx nxen na -ne, opasonanntx o+ nepexontx
rnaronon, oosnanammnx nsnneckne nosec+nnx nenone-
ka, npnpontx cnn n +.n. na orek+, nn o+ rnaronon, npo-
+nnonoc+annenntx nepntx no ka+eropnn sanora. Takoe o+-
rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe nac+o nastnae+ nnnxt
xa+epnantnt cne, nonpexenne, nanecennoe orek+y n
pesynt+a+e +oro nnn nnoro nsnneckoro nosec+nnx. Ha-
npnxep: B Pyce ca cropenn ne krmn, 28 xnnnma ca no-
npeenn o neon+aexoc+, onacnn ca nponyknannx+a no c+e-
nn+e na +pe+a nonnknnnnka n na ena an+eka... (ras. yxa,
J990, J nmnx). Kon+ekc+ noxorae+ peannsannn nxenex pe-
synt+a+nnnoro snanennx n npn nannnnn koxnonen+a npe-
noxennx, ntpaxennoro cymec+nn+entntx c npenorox na:
Hanyknannx na xasnnkn n pyrn no-nekn nopaxennx nxa
nrn Bapnencka n onemka onac+ (ras. yxa, J990, 3J xax).
Btpaxax pesynt+a+nnnte, nernarontnte snanennx, noo-
nte cymec+nn+entnte nc+ynam+ n konkypennnm c o+rna-
rontntxn nxenaxn, ko+opte cosant no xoenn, cnenn-
antno npenasnanenno nx opasonannx cnon, nastnam-
mnx npexe+ pesynt+a+ ec+nnx. Cp.: nykna+nna, nen-
na+nna. Cymec+nn+entnte na -ne, cnoconte n
onpeenenntx kon+ekc+ax peannsona+t pesynt+a+nnno-kon-
kpe+nte snanennx, xnnxm+cx, kak npannno, opasonannxxn
o+ npenkcantntx rnaronon: cnyknane, opacknane, oxyn-
nane, nasrnane, namrpxnane, cprnknane, cnnrc+xnane n
+.n. Cpen ++nx nxen ntenxe+cx rpynna cnon, npn onpee-
nenntx ycnonnxx oosnanammnx pasnnnnoro poa nopaxe-
nnx nenoneneckoro +ena, ero opranon: ynpexane, nskpnnx-
nane, napanxnane, nopxsnane, nennane, na+rp+nane, orapx-
ne, nsrapxne, nskrnnnane, nanxxnane, cnynnane, paskrcnane,
npennn+ane, sannn+ane. nx nepenncnenntx nxen xapak+ep-
na xpko ntpaxennax +enennnx k +epxnnonornsannn. Ho-
ckontky ++n cymec+nn+entnte nastnam+ nsxenennx, xnnx-
mmnecx npnsnakaxn n npnnnnaxn +oro nnn nnoro ones-
nennoro coc+oxnnx, onn ak+nnno ncnontsym+cx nx oosna-
nennx narnosa: nskpnnxnane na rprnannnx c+rn; npoeno
JJ0
nskrnnnane na +aso-epena+a c+ana; paskrcnane na +rka-
nn+e, na nnnennx nepn; npennn+ane, sannn+ane na nepna+a.
Cx. yno+penenne +aknx nxen n penn: He+npn e+axa n crpa-
a, kox+o npnnnna ynnn+enno na sa+nop, ca nrnnn c xopa,
kon+o cne npec+ox cn +ax xora+ a nonyna+ ncnxnneckn
ynpexannx (ras. exokpannx, J990, 9 nmnx); Ha nnko+n-
nona ocnona ce xnxna+ xaconn n nec+o nr+n a+annn crpen-
nocronn n pyrn onec+n: nnapk+ na xnokapa, xponnn-
nn ponxn+n, ennsexn, xsnena onec+, ynpexannx na no-
nemknx nno n xnoro pyrn (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax); ...n
rp. Tonyxnn, ennx, Cnnmon n n pyrn rpaone rpaxann
crc cnynnannx, napanxnannx n n c+pecono crc+oxnne ca
no+rpcnnn cnemna xennnncka noxom (ras. yxa, J990,
3J xax); Enn cr+pynnk na oxpana+a, nr+ynan saeno c
nero, n enn o+ nr+nnnn+e n an+oyca ca nonynnnn nekn
na+rp+nannx (ras. yxa, J990, J nmnx); narnosa+a: nen-
nane na ropna+a yc+na o+ +nrp npexe+ (ras. yxa, J990,
30 xax).
Hxena cpy+nane, cnnnnane, na+pynnane, nannac+xnane,
nacnoxnane xory+ oosnana+t opasonannx, nosnnkmne n
pesynt+a+e npomemero nponecca: Pao+nnnn+e +pxname
a pasnnc+x+ cpy+nane+o n +ynena (cnnnnane+o na sanox);
Hpannnna+a nn+epnpe+annx na +ona nonoxenne e sa+py-
nena o+ crmec+nynamn+e cxncnonn nannac+xnannx (nacno-
xnannx). na nocnennx cnona ycnemno konkypnpym+ c py-
cnsxox nacnoenne, n n ++o konkypennnn y nnx, onennno,
ontme mancon na ntxnnanne. Cymec+nn+entnoe na+pyn-
nane peannsye+ cnoe nernarontnoe snanenne, nanpnxep, n
coc+ane +onkonannx, annoro Cnonapex conpexennoro on-
rapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka (PCBKE) onoxy ns snane-
nn cnona nacnoenne: Ieo:. Honneno na+pynnane o+ y+ae-
nen nponsxo, koe+o ce crc+on o+ penna nnac+one, pasno-
noxenn enn nrpxy pyr (II, J93).
Cymec+nn+entnte na -ne npoxnnxnn cnoconoc+t pas-
nnna+t pesynt+a+nnnte nernarontnte snanennx n n napo-
nox xstke XIX neka. Cx., kak +onkye+ cnonapt H. Iepona ne
nsnec+noe n nac+oxmee npexx nn+epa+ypnoxy xstky snane-
nne cnona napene: Ioc+a napena, napnno; nnma, npn-
ro+onnennax nocpec+noxr napenix (I, J08). Cpannn+e +ak-
xe: BptkanJ... 8) H1n+o saptkano, crp1meno sa xpana na
ot+rkr, kokomkt n npon.; kprxa, kprxr (cnonapt H.
JJJ
Iepona, I, 77), npnnex o+ cymec+nn+entnoro n ++ox snane-
nnn opasye+cx axe yxentmn+entnax opxa ptkannne
(cx. +ax xe).
II. Onpeenennax nac+t cymec+nn+entntx na -ne xoxe+
oosnana+t cpec+no, c noxomtm ko+oporo ocymec+nnxe+-
cx nasnannoe nponsnoxmnx rnaronox ec+nne. 3+o ocnon-
noe +nnonoe snanenne otnno ocnoxnxe+cx npoxnnxmmnx-
cx n pasno c+enenn snanennex pesynt+a+nnnoc+n.
B nac+oxmee npexx nanmae+cx cnnonnxnnnoe yno+-
penenne cymec+nn+entntx pasnopea n pasnopexane.
Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk nkcnpye+ annoe snanenne
cnona pasnopexane sanone, npenncanne (853). Cx.
ncnontsonanne cymec+nn+entnoro n penn: Cpe +xx e o-
po+o c+apo Pasnopexane J03 na Mnnnc+epcknx crne+ o+
J972 ronna... (ras. O+enec+nen pon+, J990, 9 xap+a). One-
nnno, snanenne npnkas, noc+anonnenne, nxemmee cnny
sakona npanoxepno tno t ntenn+t n kanec+ne o++enka
k ocnonnoxy nernarontnoxy snanennm cnona pasnopexa-
ne ykasanne, npnkasanne, nac+annenne: Kpyx Konc+an-
+nnon... an pasnopexannx+a cn na c+apmn xanenpnc+a
Xpnc+o Cnnekon (ras. An+enn, J990, 7 xap+a). C ++nx xe
snanennex ncnontsye+cx n cnono napexane: Takrn +enekc
ne cxe nsnpamann, nn+o pyrn nncxenn nnn yc+nn napex-
annx n +asn nacoka (ras. yxa, J990, 22 xax). annoe sna-
nenne nkcnpye+cx yxe Cnonapex conpexennoro onrap-
ckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka (PCBKE). Ho anntx cnonapx,
cymec+nn+entnoe c ++nx snanennex xnnxe+cx oxonnxox
nxenn c rnarontno cexan+nko: Hapexane 3anone,
pasnopexane (II, J85). Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk ne
npnnon+ ++oro cnona, xo+x n +onkonannn onoro ns snane-
nn cymec+nn+entnoro napea cnono napexane ncnont-
sye+cx kak ero cnnonnx: napea... Vnr+nane, ykasanne, na-
pexane sa nannna, no ko+o +pxna a ce nrpmn nemo
(508). H+o kacae+cx cymec+nn+entnoro ynr+nane, +o cnonapt
npnnon+ neckontko ero nernarontntx snanenn: 2. Vkasa-
nne, nacoka. 3. Hac+annenne, crne+. 4. Knnra c ykasannx;
prkonoc+no (BTP, J047).
B conpexennox xstke ne+ nponecc sakpennennx nontx,
nernarontntx snanenn y cymec+nn+entnoro nckane. Hpn
onpeenenntx cnn+akcnnecknx ycnonnxx ++o cnono osnana-
e+ xenanne, ntckasannoe xenanne, npocta, nac+oxnne,
JJ2
+peonanne. Hponeccyantnoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro
noepxnnae+cx n npenoxennn nannnnex orek+a e-
c+nnx ononnennx, ntpaxennoro nxenex c npenorox na:
He ce cxymanaxe, noconn Anpe ykanon, o+ nckane+o
na nnopxannx sa nxymec+no+o n nnancono+o crc+oxnne
na nap+nx+a... (ras. Pao+nnnecko eno, J990, 30 xnnapx). B
pyrnx ycnonnxx, axe npn coxpanennn cymec+nn+entntx
nckane rnarontntx cnxse, xexy nnx n nnenox npenoxe-
nnx (npna+onno nac+tm), nastnammnx orek+, yc+anan-
nnnam+cx orek+no-onpeenn+entnte nnn npenka+nnnte
o+nomennx, a rnarontnoc+t nxenn na -ne yxentmae+cx: To-
rana eme npne+a eknapannx c nckane a ce naxann na no-
nonnna nsxnrpnxne+o na onacnn o+narnnn npoyk+n n
saxrpcn+enn n akna+opnx+a na kpapexnn+e rpxann (ras.
O+enec+nen pon+, J990, 9 xap+a); Ocnonno+o nckane na
nona+a penynnkancka Ckynmnna e nrnnnx+ cynepenn+e+ na
Cnonennx (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax). Hockontky npocta
nnn +peonanne nac+o ntpaxam+cx n nnctxenno opxe,
cnono nckane xoxe+ yno+penx+tcx nx oosnanennx
konkpe+noro onnnantnoro okyxen+a: enosnpaxxe ncka-
ne+o cn n Hapono+o crpanne; ...nxxa a e sne ncnnkn,
kon+o ca na crmo+o xnenne, a nonnma+ ropno+o nckane,
+a a rex nonenko (ras. yxa, J990, 28 xax).
K cnony nckane nnsko no cexan+nke cymec+nn+entnoe
nsncknane, ko+opoe ncnontsye+cx n nac+oxmee npexx co
cneymmnxn nernarontntxn snanennxxn: a) otnno n op-
xe xn. n. +peonannx, nopxt, ycnonnx, ko+optx onxnt
coo+ne+c+nona+t k+o-nno nnn n+o-nno; ) name n opxe
xn. n. nanaraexte kex- nnn nex-nno n oxsa+entnte nx
ntnonnennx npannna
89
; n) otnno n opxe xn. n. c+pex-
nennx, no+penoc+n, sanpoct a) H c nonnx rnanen pe-
ak+op Enrenn C+annen, n c nonn+e noxenannx n nsnckna-
nnx na xypnannc+nnecka+a konernx Horne me npornxa-
na a pao+n kak+o nnnarn (ras. Horne, J990, 5 enpanx);
) O+ nanano+o na +asn ronna xysnkan+n+e, kon+o npanx+
sanncn n nponsnonno anrnncko c+yno, me +pxna a na-
xanx+ cnna+a na snyka nnn nrk a nocx+ myxosamn+nn na-
ymnnnn. Tona e nsncknane na sakona, npne+ neo+anna n c+pa-
na+a... (ras. Opn+a, J990, J0 xap+a); Hann nxaxe konc+n-
+ynnx n sakonn n nsopn+e cnena a ce nponea+ n cro+-
ne+c+nne c +exnn+e nsncknannx? (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax);
JJ3
n) ...n reme repxanckn+e ec+nnx me ce oycnanx+ o+
noennn+e nsncknannx... (ras. Benepnn nonnnn, J990, 7 xap-
+a).
Cymec+nn+entnoe nn+ane, noxnxo nponeccyantnoro,
nxee+ n snanenne konkpe+nt nonpoc, konkpe+noe opa-
menne, +peymmee o+ne+a, pasrxcnennx: Hn+ane+o e:
samo rocnoa+a o+ nenonncann+e nap+nn n nnxennx ne
sann+a+ ne+npnxnnnonnnx no+ na onepne krx +ona cnopa-
syxenne? (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax). Cx. eme y H. Basona:
Tpe+a+a ynennnka o+ronopn crncex pyro: +x ne paspa
nn+ane+o (C nn+ane Uapnrpa ce c+nra)
90
. Kak cnnonnx
cnona nn+ane ncnontsye+cx cymec+nn+entnoe sann+nane: 3a
+ona e nn yneoxen n r-n Boxkon o+ Ipacknx koopnna-
nnonen nen+rp na CC n o+ronop na nerono+o sann+nane
(ras. yxa, J990, J2 nmnx). Cnono sann+nane name oosna-
nae+ nonpoc, saannt onnnantno, onnnantnoe opa-
menne, +peymmee orxcnenn, ornamennx kaknx-nno cne-
enn
9J
.
V cymec+nn+entnoro onnaknane nponno sakpennnoct n
xstke n nkcnpye+cx cnonapxxn snanenne onnnantnoe
saxnnenne, yc+noe nnn nnctxennoe, nsnarammee ak+t ne-
sakonntx ec+nn kakoro-nno nnna nnn oprannsannn.
Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk +onkye+ ++o snanenne cne-
ymmnx opasox: yc+no nnn nncxeno nrspaxenne cpemy
nxkon nepenoc+n; xana (587). Cx. ncnontsonanne cnona
c ++nx snanennex n penn: ...o 20 naca nn+o enn koxne-
+en+en opran ne e nonynnn onnnanno onnaknane sa napy-
mennx (ras. yxa, J990, J2 nmnx).
B kon+ekc+ax +nna Hoaox oxannane o Brpxonnnx
cr, B cra noc+rnnxa nxkonko oxannannx o+rnaront-
noe cymec+nn+entnoe peannsye+ snanenne onnnantnax
xanoa, noanaexax n ntcmym cyenym nnc+annnm c
npocto o nepecxo+pe necnpanennnoro, no ntexy-nno
xnennm, cyenoro pemennx.
nx oosnanennx okyxen+a, ko+opt nosnonxe+ noen-
nocnyxamexy nonynn+t nne+ na noes, caxone+, an+oyc
ecnna+no (no esnannnnoxy pacne+y), ncnontsye+cx npe-
+epnenmn nponecc onrapnsannn pycnsx +penane: Kacn-
epka+a noncka o+ nonnka xenesonr+no+o xy +penane. Cp.
ono ns snanenn pycckoro cnona +peonanne onnn-
antnt okyxen+ c npocto o ntane nero-n., nanpanne-
JJ4
nnn koro-nero-n. kya-n. (Oxeron C. H. Cnonapt pycckoro
xstka. M., J984, c.70J).
Vc+apenae+ n conpexennox onrapckox nn+epa+ypnox
xstke n+opnnnoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoro axne yxn,
nspenennx, c kon+o ce ae; axnka (PCBKE, I, 38). Cpannn-
+e +akxe n Cnonape onrapckoro xstka (PBE): Ca+o +n.
Tanc+nenn saknnna+ennn yxn, nspasn, c kon+o ce ae (I,
443; +ax xe cx. npnxept).
Honynnno cexan+nneckoe pasnn+ne cnono xrxpene. Ho-
noe ero snanenne Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk orxcnxe+
+ak: neko nakasanne c yxn, nek ykop (477) Hoconna ce,
ne +ona e yc+anoneno no escnopen nannn, sa koe+o e canknn-
onnpan c 250 nena n e nakasan crc c+poro xrxpene (ras.
yxa, J990, 5 nmnx).
Pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen esnk npn-
non+ nernarontnoe snanenne cnona nnamane o6ukn. +n.
Cyxa, kox+o +pxna a ce nna+n (II, 507). Hcnontsye+cx co
n+opnnntx snanennex n cymec+nn+entnoe sannamane
ynnannnaexte sa n+o-nno entrn, nosnarpaxenne sa
+py: B cpea+a na xa ncka+ nononnna+a o+ yronopeno-
+o sannamane, no rocnoapn+e ne rpsa+ (ras. yxa, J990,
7 nmnx).
Cpec+no ocymec+nnennx ec+nnx, oosnanennoro npo-
nsnoxmnx rnaronox, xoxe+ nastna+t sanxc+nonannoe ns
pycckoro xstka n npomemee nponecc onrapnsannn cyme-
c+nn+entnoe oopynane. Cx., kak +onkye+ snanennx ++oro
cnona Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk: J. Cnaxnane, osa-
nexane na c+onancko nnn pyro npenpnx+ne c xamnnn,
ypen n no. 2. Caxn+e xamnnn n ypen (564) ...c nsno-
ceno+o oopynane nponsnon+enx+ xoxe a ocnrypn
rpnecnn nnonn caxo sa npenpnx+nx+a n... cnox+a npxa
(ras. Pao+nnnecko eno, J990, 30 xnnapx). Onennno no
ananornn co cnonox oopynane, pasnnnae+cx npexe+noe
snanenne y cnona osanexane xeent, npexe+t pas-
nnnnoro nasnanennx, noc+annennte n xnntx n nntx noxe-
mennxx; oc+anonka: .Bncmnx+ crne+ na Brnrapcka+a co-
nnannc+nnecka nap+nx npeoc+anx na rpxana+a nap+nno
nxymec+no 5J crpan, osanexane n pyrn ocnonnn cpe-
c+na na c+onoc+ okono 250 xnn. nena (ras. yxa, J990, 5
nmnx); Be ce exonc+pnpa+ nrpnn+e rnrapckn nneoxar-
ne+oonn, nrnno osanexane na ncko+ekn, +enennsopn,
JJ5
enek+ponnn nrpn, cnop+nn ap+nkynn n p. (ras. Horne,
J990, 5 enpanx).
. nxon n c+a+te Hanmennx nrpxy snanenne+o n
yno+pea+a na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena na -ne
saxenae+, n+o ncnontsonanne nxen na -ne nx oosnanennx
npexe+a, c noxomtm ko+oporo conepmae+cx ec+nne,
mnpoko pacnpoc+paneno n c+nne +exnnnecko nn+epa+ypt
92
.
An+op npnnon+ +onkonannx, annte +epxnnax enek+pn-
necko sannxnane n akyxyna+opno sanannane Kpa+ko on-
rapcko +nnnknonene (Kpa+ka rnrapcka ennnknonenx,
J964). Cx. coo+ne+c+nenno: yc+poc+no sa npnnexane n
nnxenne na xexannsrx nnn xamnna, npn koe+o sa ns+on-
nnk na xexannnna eneprnx cnyxn enek+ponnra+en (II, 289)
n ypea sa sanannane npes enek+pnnecka nckpa na ropnn-
na+a cxec n nnra+enn+e c nr+pemno ropene (I, 46)
93
.
Kak nnno ns npnneenntx ntme npnxepon, nxena na -ne,
oosnanammne cpec+no, c noxomtm ko+oporo ocymec+nnx-
e+cx nasnannoe rnarontno ocnono ec+nne, opasonant o+
nepexontx, sa peknx ncknmnennex (cx. onnaknane o+
onnaknax ce), rnaronon pasnnnntx cexan+nnecknx rpynn.
III. Hac+t nxen na -ne, opasonanntx o+ nepexontx rna-
ronon, xoxe+ nastna+t orek+ ec+nnx, oosnanennoro
xo+nnnpymmnx rnaronox.
Vxe cnonapt H. Iepona npnnon+ n+opnnnte, nernaront-
nte snanennx cnon xene (uano, ua, unno, uno, uc+ne,
xpana V, 6J0; cp. conpexennoe +onkonanne: 2. Xpana, xn-
no. 3. O+enen nn xpana na oe, nenepx BTP, JJ29), nnene
(nnno, paknu, ncnnko n+o e sa a cx nne; nneno IV, 29).
Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk ne npnnon+ cnona nnene,
necxo+px na +o n+o n pasronopno penn n+opnnnoe snane-
nne ++oro cymec+nn+entnoro coxpanxe+cx (a a nnex no
eno nnene). Haxonx ++o snanenne n Cnonape conpexen-
noro onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka (PCBKE): nnene...
2. Hn+ne. a no eno nnene na ncnnkn+e! noprna neonak-
nano Brnko. Opnnn Bacnnen (II, 49J). Cnonapt H. Iepona
o+xenae+ +akxe nernarontnte snanennx cnona nxne (cx.
II, 326), o+nnnammerocx o+ cymec+nn+entnoro c nponeccyant-
no cexan+nko xec+ox yapennx. Cx. +onkonanne snanenn
++oro cnona conpexenntx cnonapex: nxne cp. J. Crkponn-
me, rnanno no opxa na sna+nn napn n ckrnonennn npexe-
+n. 2. 3akonano n sapaneno crkponnme n sexx+a. 3. Hxy-
JJ6
mec+no n napn, sexx, on+rk, c+oka n np. (BTP, 3J4). B
conpexennox xstke ncnontsye+cx c npexe+ntx snanenn-
ex n cnono npane pexn, kon+o me ce nepa+ nnn ca nacko-
po npann (BTP, 75J). B+opnnnoe snanenne cymec+nn+ent-
noro npeanane +o, n+o nepeae+cx, +pancnnpye+cx no
+enennennm, pano peannsye+cx n kon+ekc+ax +nna:
opo y+po nnopxannonno-xysnkanno npeanane;
Hpeanane+o e noro+neno sa nsnrnnane o+ rnanna peak-
nnx 3aana.
IV. Heko+opte nxena c cynkcox -ne xory+ oosnana+t
nponsnon+enx, cyrek+a ec+nnx, nasnannoro xo+nnnpy-
mmnx rnaronox, nnn conokynnoc+t +aknx cyrek+on. Tak,
cymec+nn+entnoe koxanynane n onpeenenntx kon+ekc+ax
nxee+ snanenne nnna, c+oxmne no rnane nock, nonncknx
nac+e, nopasenenn, noennoro cyna: Cnope nncme-
+o noenno koxanynane na c+pana+a crpaa+a na Mnnnc+ep-
c+no+o na o+pana+a, okono koe+o ce nonxa +exkn oene, e
n prne+e na npann+enc+nenn+e nockn (ras. Benepnn nonn-
nn, J990, 7 xap+a); Hpen nsnec+no npexe koxannane+o
na caxone+onocana Kapn Vnncrn nsnonsna ekcnepnxen-
+anna xnnepxenx sa ynpannenne na kopaa (ras. Opn+a,
J990, J0 xap+a). annoe snanenne Brnrapckn +rnkonen pen-
nnk orxcnxe+ cneymmnx opasox: Inanno prkonoc+no,
renepanen ma na nroprxenn+e cnnn na ena rpxana nnn
na ronxxa noenna ennnna (369).
Pasnnno n+opnnnte snanennx cymec+nn+entnoe pasysna-
nane a) nockonoe nopasenenne, rpynna, ocymec+nnx-
mmax cop cneenn o npo+nnnnke; ) oprannsannx, sa-
nx+ax copox nnopxannn o nonn+nneckox n +konoxnne-
ckox nonoxennn pyrnx c+pan, nx noennox no+ennnane n
+.n.: Ap+nnepncko+o pasysnanane naconname orrnx na
a+apen+e; Haknc+anckn npec+ann+en o+xnrpnn onnne-
nnx+a, ne pasysnanane+o na c+pana+a e npxko saxeceno n
onn+a sa npenpa+ n Kayn (ras. O+enec+nen pon+, J990, 9
xap+a). B+opnnnte snanennx cymec+nn+entnoro pasysnanane
nkcnpye+ Pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen
esnk: Cnyxa nrn nocka+a, kox+o crnpa cneennx sa
npo+nnnnka n rn npoynna, sa a ocnrypn onn+e ec+nnx...
ff Cnyxa sa crnpane na nonepn+ennn cneennx (III, 75).
V. O+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe na -ne cnocono oo-
snana+t xec+o ec+nnx, nasnannoro nponsnoxmnx rnaro-
JJ7
nox. Cx. +onkonanne onoro ns snanenn cnona ne+ene
n+epa+ypna nenep, na kox+o ap+nc+n nnn nnca+enn penn-
+npa+ nnn eknaxnpa+ xyoxec+nenn nponsneennx
(PCBKE, III, 6J8). Cp.: Cropasno naxonnnoc++a n en+y-
cnasxa na ynac+nnnn n oprannsa+opn +x [onnxnnaa+a] xoxe
a ce npenrpne nrn nnocockn ncny+, n ne+ennx nnn npo-
c+o n npasnnnn na yxonnoc++a (ras. Opn+a, J990, J0 xap-
+a).
VI. Hxena na -ne, opasonannte o+ nenepexontx rnaro-
non, n omenaponox xstke pexe pasnnnam+ nonte, nerna-
rontnte snanennx. B ++nx cnynaxx cnxst xexy cexan+nko
rnarona n snanennex nponsnonoro nxenn xory+ xapak+e-
pnsona+t npnnnnno-cnec+nennte o+nomennx, nnora cnox-
nte n onocpeonannte.
B nac+oxmee npexx o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+entnoe sa-
onxnane ak+nnno yno+penxe+cx n snanennn onesnt, napy-
menne nopxantno ex+entnoc+n kakoro-nno oprana n
oprannsxa n nenox. Pennnk na rnrapcknx esnk nenepno
cnxstnae+ ++o snanenne +ontko c opxo xnoxec+nennoro
nncna nxenn: saonxnane... 2. Ca+o +n. Bonec+ (n J snan.)
(V, J54). Cx.: B nxkon c+pann ankoxonnsxr+ onnnanno e
npnsna+ sa saonxnane... (ras. Opn+a, J990, 3 xap+a); o-
nxkre +ona nanano xoxe a ce onpnnnnn c onpeenxne na
cnxn+oxn+e na +exko+o saonxnane, o+ koe+o c+paa opa-
sona+enna+a nn cnc+exa... (ras. Horne, J990, 5 enpanx).
B+opnnnte snanennx cymec+nn+entnoro nxpnane, opaso-
nannoro o+ y+pa+nnmero n conpexennox xstke cnom nepe-
xonoc+t rnarona nxpnax, o+xenam+cx +onkontxn cnonapx-
xn. Tak, Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk nkcnpye+ snanenne
nonepne (JJ5), a akaexnnnt Pennnk na rnrapcknx esnk
npnnon+ snanennx o6ukn. +n. Pennrnosnn yexennx n
o6ukn. e. Beponsnoneanne, pennrnx, nxpa (II, 667; +ax
xe cx. npnxept).
Cexan+nneckoe pasnn+ne xory+ npe+epnena+t n nxena
na -ne, opasonannte o+ esnnnntx rnaronon. Takne cyme-
c+nn+entnte xory+ cnyxn+t oosnanennxxn npexenn, n +e-
nenne ko+oporo conepmae+cx ec+nne. Cx. crxnane n pas-
crxnane npexx cy+ok, nanano y+pa: Poca+a naa na
crxnane (na pascrxnane). annoe snanenne nkcnpye+ Pen-
nnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen esnk: crxnane...
2. Bpexe+o, kora+o ce crxna; pasnnenxnane, pascrxnane
JJ8
(III, 359); pascrxnane... Bpexe+o, kora+o ce pascrxna, pas-
nnenxna (III, 66). Cpannn+e +akxe: xprknane... Bpexe+o,
kora+o ce xprkna (PCBKE, II, J06; +ax xe cx. npnxept).
Pasnnno n+opnnnoe snanenne cymec+nn+entnoe xpyxna-
ne xtcnt, nex, oraka: Axn nak o+ nnsko+o xnnano
me nskonaex nxkoe nenno xpyxnane (ras. O+enec+nen
pon+, J990, 9 xap+a). Cpannn+e +akxe cknxnane cny-
nanoe, nsopnoe xenanne, naxepenne, sa+ex: Heno+o xe-
nanne npnnnname nonene na cknxnane, o+konko+o na oxnc-
neno pemenne.
VII. . nxon n ykasanno ntme c+a+te opamae+ nnn-
xanne na +o, n+o cymec+nn+entnte na -ne xory+ ncnontso-
na+tcx nx oosnanennx cnyx, oprannsann, cnxsanntx c
ocymec+nnennex rnarontnoro ec+nnx
94
. ec+nn+entno,
+akne cnona, kak nnannpane, opasonannte o+ sanxc+nonan-
ntx ns pycckoro xstka rnaronon ocnyxnane n cnaxnane,
xory+ cnyxn+t nanxenonannxxn nnon, cep xosxc+nen-
no ex+entnoc+n, orennenn, ynpexenn n o+enon,
neammnx cnennantno onac+tm pao+t, nanpnxep:
Hpenonaraexnx+ nponen+ na annpane+o n +aknna o+pac-
nn, ka+o +rpronnx+a na epo, +pancnop+a, koxynanno+o
ocnyxnane n pena+a npoxnmnenoc+, e xexy 50 n 5J,J
(ras. Opn+a, J990, J0 xap+a). Cpannn+e +akxe cnoconoc+t
+aknx nxen cnyxn+t nasnannxxn naynntx n ynentx nc-
nnnnnn: Cnennannsnpa samn+a na okonna+a cpea, pena
npoxnmnenoc+ n nnannpane (ras. yxa, J990, 30 xax). O+-
pacnn nponsnoc+na, cept ex+entnoc+n rocyapc+na na-
c+o oosnanam+cx cnoxntxn cnonaxn, n coc+an ko+optx
nxon+ nxx na -ne. 3+y sakonoxepnoc+t o+xenae+ . n-
xon, cx. npnnonxte nx npnxept: xamnnoc+poene, +pak-
+opoc+poene, npnopoc+poene, xe+anoopao+nane, spa-
neonasnane
95
. Cpannn+e +akxe ypeoc+poene, npanopasa-
nane. Heko+opte ns ++nx nxen oosnanam+ ne +ontko cepy
caxo ex+entnoc+n, no n oprant, ocymec+nnxmmne +akym
ex+entnoc+t: Be cn nosnonn+e nn a koxen+npa+e po-
nx+a na npanopasanane+o npen n cne ece+n noexnpn?
(ras. An+enn, J990, 7 xap+a).
B nccneonannxx, nocnxmenntx nponexax o+rnaront-
noro cymec+nn+entnoro, yxe o+xenancx +o+ ak+, n+o nxe-
na na -ne nac+o xnnxm+cx nasnannxxn ynentx ncnnnnnn
n ynennkon no ++nx ncnnnnnnax
96
. . nxon o+xenae+:
JJ9
Ho npnnnnn onona, koe+o ce xnxna ka+o xa+epnan sa nsy-
nanane, necno ce ocxncnx n ka+o cro+ne+na ncnnnnnna
97
.
Cp.: neene, pncynane, nep+ane, ne+ene, cxx+ane n p. Heko-
+opte ns ++nx cnon nkcnpym+cx n annox snanennn +on-
kontxn cnonapxxn, nanpnxep: ne+ene... Vneen npexe+ n
nanannn+e knacone, npes ko+o ce npnonna yxenne+o a
ce ne+e n a ce nnnkna n npone+eno+o (PCBKE, III, 6J8);
cxx+ane... ka+o yneen npexe+ n nanannn+e knacone: o-
panene c nncna crnpane, nsnaxane, yxnoxenne, ene-
nne (BTP, 946).
. nxon npnnon+ npnxept o+rnarontntx nxen na -ne,
xnnxmmnxcx nasnannxxn napontx otnaen (naynane, nasa-
pynane, koneynane), xpnc+nancknx npasnnkon (npeopa-
xene, co cctnko na cnonapt H. Iepona), npnxept cyme-
c+nn+entntx, ncnontsymmnxcx nx oosnanennx nepnoa,
+noxn, npexenn, n +enenne ko+oporo conepmae+cx nponecc
(nrspaxane), cx. +akxe saxenanne nccneona+enx: Ho+en-
nnanno o+ xnoro nxena, osnananamn ec+nnx, kon+o npo-
ns+nna+ cnrpsano, no cesonn, xoxe a ce nonynn nono sna-
nenne (nmanc) n sa npexe+o, cesona
98
.
O+xe+nx +akxe, n+o cymec+nn+entnte na -ne nac+o c+a-
nonx+cx oosnanennxxn nnon cnop+a n cnop+nnntx nc-
nnnnnn nnn nxox+ n coc+an +epxnnonornnecknx cnonoco-
ne+ann, npnnanexamnx ++o +exa+nnecko rpynne, nanpn-
xep: nnynane, akaexnnno rpeane, nrypno nrpsanxne,
nnrane na +exec+n, +nackane na rmnne, xnrpnxne na konne;
+akxe n coc+ane cnoxnoro cnona konoesene.
Ono+nnnte cnnrn n cexan+nke ontmnx rpynn o+rna-
rontntx nxen na -ne xory+ nponcxon+t n pesynt+a+e nx
ak+nnnoro ncnontsonannx n kanec+ne +epxnnon. Hccneyx
xnnenne nonncexnn n onac+n c+pon+entno +epxnnono-
rnn, A. Exnpsxn saxenae+: O+ +nrpe oma+a npec+ana
sa ec+nne ce c+nra o no-konkpe+na nprska xexy: npo-
nec n xnnenne (n+nrpxnane, racene, nsne+pxnane, xokpene,
narnane, nacnmane, onrnnane, okncnxnane, nnrsrane,
paspymenne, cnnnane, crcrxnane, +onene, ynnr+nxnane); npo-
nec n nennnnna (noonacnmane, sa+nxnane, snykonornrma-
ne, nskrnnnane, nanxrane, na+onapnane, nponncnane, nrnse-
ne, cne+onponyckane, +onnoycnoxnane), n cnocke an+op no-
xcnxe+: Hxax npenn, ne +esn nonx+nx nxa+ cnon koen-
nnen+n, koe+o ronopn sa snanenne+o nx n na nennnnnn
99
.
J20
Kak nnno ns npnxepon, +aknx cexan+nnecknx cnnrax
nonepxent cymec+nn+entnte, opasonannte kak o+ nepe-
xontx, +ak n o+ nenepexontx rnaronon, a +akxe cnoxnte
cnona, nknmnammne n cno coc+an nxx na -ne.
Ha npo+xxennn onpeenennoro nepnoa n nc+opnn conpe-
xennoro onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka cexan+nneckoe
pasnn+ne o+rnarontntx nxen na -ne, onennno, cepxnnanoct
pacnpoc+panennex n sakpennennex n nn+epa+ypno penn
ontmoro konnnec+na cymec+nn+entntx c cynkcox -nue,
y+nepxanmnx sa coo npano ntpaxennx nenponeccyant-
ntx o+nnenenntx n konkpe+ntx nonx+n. Ec+ec+nennoe
c+pexnenne o+rnarontntx nxen na -ne n na -nue k cexan+n-
necko nepennnannn noepxnnanoct +ex oc+ox+ent-
c+nox, n+o pacnpoc+pannnmnecx n nn+epa+ypnox xstke n
pesynt+a+e nnnxnnx nepkonnocnanxnckoro, pycckoro n
sananoenponecknx xstkon knnxnte cymec+nn+entnte
cnpannxnnct c nosnoxenntxn na nnx oxsannoc+xxn ntpa-
sn+ene o+nnenenntx n konkpe+ntx snanenn, cnxsanntx c
cexan+nko xo+nnnpymmero rnarona. Vracanne pycckoro
nnnxnnx, ntxo ns yno+penennx xnornx nxen na -nue, ne-
npoyk+nnnoc+t ++oro cynkca n n +o xe npexx pac+ymax
no+penoc+t nn+epa+ypnoro xstka n oosnanennn cnxsan-
ntx c rnarontntx ec+nnex nenponeccyantntx nonx+n
npnnon+ k cexan+nneckoxy pasnn+nm ka+eropnn o+rnaront-
ntx nxen na -ne. Cynkc -ne, kora-+o ocosnanaext kak
c+nnnc+nneckn napnan+ knnxnoro cynkca -nue n nac+o
ncnontsymmncx n kanec+ne cpec+na onrapnsannn nxen
na -nue (E. My+ena, nanpnxep, n nepenoe nonec+n A. 4.
Bent+xana Pana, koponenna onrapckax, onennno xe-
nax cnx+t c+nnnc+nneckym xapknponannoc+t knnxntx
cymec+nn+entntx na -nue, nocneona+entno saxenxe+ n nnx
cynkc -nue napontx -ne: npnsp1nJ, cxnpenJ,
nenocnymanJ, coon1snonanJ, nax1penJ n p.), nnont na-
nnnae+ ncnonnx+t ananornnnte ynknnn (cp. oopynane,
xamnnoc+poene, npnopoc+poene n +.n.).
Hn+epecno, n+o n ronope ana+cknx onrap, k konny XVII
nanany XVIII neka o+ennnmexcx o+ omeonrapcko xstko-
no +eppn+opnn, ne ncnt+anmex nnnxnnx nepkonnocnanxn-
ckoro n pycckoro xstka
J00
, ontmoe konnnec+no o+rnaront-
ntx nxen na -ne mnpoko ncnontsye+cx c pasnoro poa ne-
J2J
rnarontntxn snanennxxn: Ionxx po o+rnaronnn crme-
c+nn+ennn nanrnno ca sarynnn cnox+a rnaronnoc+ n ca c+a-
nann onknonenn crmec+nn+ennn, samo+o npn +xx nene ne
ce ocrsnana nprska+a nx c rnarona, o+ ko+o ca opasynann:
nnan` nenynka, amkyptcnan` nonrpanka, nnan`
ynpannenne, yrxen` cnynka, k`nnen` ykpamenne,
npnnnc+nn`e npnnac+ne, nym+ynan` ynaxenne, cm1en`
cpema, +rpnen` +rpnenne, mykan` nrsnmka n p.
Ka+o o+rnaronnn crmec+nn+ennn ca opasynann n xnoro
nasnannx c o+nneneno snanenne. Tosn nannn sa opasynane
na nonn yxn e mnpoko pasnpoc+panen npn rnaronnn ns-
xonn ocnonn: sacen` sana, pxen` ns+ok, nyxpann`
sa+rxnenne, nt+an` nrnpoc, nsnpenpan` crpennona-
nne, npyrnnan` nnnxnne, nsrpaenan` nsrpaxane,
napxen` napexane, sanone, yapen` yapenne n
p.
J0J
. 3anxc+nonannx ns onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka
na -enue npnnnxam+ n ronope cynkc -n' (ns n'e n pesynt-
+a+e peyknnn n y+pa+t esyapno rnacno
J02
.
J22
3akmnenne
B
pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke yxe na pannnx ++anax pas-
nn+nx ka+eropnn o+rnarontntx nxen na -nue cnona c
++nx cynkcox npnope+ann cnoconoc+t ntpaxa+t ne-
rnarontnte ac+pak+nte n konkpe+nte snanennx. Ocoen-
no nn+encnnno nponecc cexan+nneckoro o+xoa cymec+nn-
+entnoro na -nue o+ nponsnoxmero rnarona ne+ n nn+epa-
+ypnox xstke XIX c+one+nx. B nac+oxmee npexx nx pyccknx
nxen na -nue xapak+epna cexan+nneckax neonoponoc+t, sna-
nenne o+nnenennoro ec+nnx yxe ne xnnxe+cx omnx, en-
ntx nx ncex cnonoopasona+entntx no+nnon xoenn ka+e-
ropnantntx npnsnakox.
Hponecc o+xoa o+ rnarona pacnpoc+pannnmnxcx n on-
rapcko nn+epa+ype n pesynt+a+e nepkonnocnanxnckoro n
pycckoro xstkonoro nnnxnnx cymec+nn+entntx na -nue npo-
+ekae+ ropaso tc+pee, nex n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke. He npekpamammeecx na npo+xxennn XIX XX nekon
pycckoe xstkonoe nnnxnne n ocoennoc+n onrapcko nek-
cnnecko n rpaxxa+nnecko cnc+ex na naxnemnx ak-
+opa, onpeenxmmnx xapak+ep n nn+encnnnoc+t ++oro npo-
necca. C ono c+opont, pesynt+a+t cexan+nnecknx nsxe-
nenn, npoxoxmnx n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
(nnknnannx nnono npo+nnonoc+annennoc+n nxen na -nue,
opasonanntx o+ coo+nocn+entntx no nny rnarontntx
ocnon, y+pa+a cymec+nn+entntxn c ++nx cynkcox rna-
rontntx snanenn, pasnn+ne y nnx snanenn npexe+ntx,
+epxnnonornsannx cnon ++oro paspxa n +.n.), n ycnonnxx
ak+nnntx xstkontx kon+ak+on o+paxam+cx na pasnn+nn
snanenn onrapcknx nxen na -nue. C pyro c+opont,
a`
J23
ynknnonnponanne ++nx cymec+nn+entntx n cnennnnecknx
yc+onnxx onrapcko xstkono cpet nopoxae+ nonte nek-
cnko-cexan+nneckne nsxenennx n npeenax anno ka+eropnn
cnon: paspymenne cnnonnxnnecknx cnxse c onokopenntxn
opasonannxxn na -ne n c+pexn+entnym y+pa+y ontmo rpyn-
no nxen c cynkcox -nue snanenn ec+nnx no rnarony,
apxansannm cymec+nn+entntx na -nue c rnarontno cexan+n-
ko, pasnn+ne y cnon ++o cnonoopasona+entno xoenn
nontx nernarontntx snanenn n +..
Conpexennoe onrapckoe o+rnarontnoe cymec+nn+ent-
noe na -nue snann+entno antme o+c+on+ o+ rnarona, nex
nxx c ++nx cynkcox n conpexennox pycckox nn+epa+yp-
nox xstke.
Bonrapckne cymec+nn+entnte na -ne o+rnarontnte
opasonannx, orennennte ennc+nox ka+eropnantnoro
snanennx. Onn nastnam+ o+nnenennoe ec+nne no rnarony.
To+ ak+, n+o n naponox xstke o+entnte nxena c ++nx
cynkcox pasnnnann npexe+nte snanennx, ronopn+ o nos-
xoxnoc+n cexan+nnecko +nonmnnn ++o ka+eropnn cnon n
nenox. Cyta ++nx opasonann okasanact +ecno cnxsan-
no c nc+opne pacnpoc+pannnmnxcx n nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke cymec+nn+entntx na -nue. Hocnenne n ycnonnxx cexan-
+nnecko nepennnannn c nxenaxn na -ne sakpennxnn sa
coo npano ntpaxa+t cnxsannte c cexan+nko xo+nnnpy-
mmero rnarona ac+pak+nte n konkpe+nte snanennx. Zp-
kax +enennnx k cnennannsannn o+rnarontntx cymec+nn-
+entntx nyx cnonoopasona+entntx paspxon cepxnna-
na cexan+nneckoe pasnn+ne nxen na -ne. B conpexennox
xstke noxnnenne nernarontntx snanenn y onontno xno-
ronncnenno rpynnt cnon c ++nx cynkcox cnxsano c sa-
+yxannex pycckoro nnnxnnx n nenpoyk+nnnoc+tm cynk-
ca -nue.
J24
Hnuenannn
J
3ect n anee -nue npec+annxe+ napnan+t cynkca -nue
n -enue.
2
Cctnkn na ocnonnte nccneonannx n ++o onac+n xoxno
na+n, nanpnxep, n pao+ax: Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa-
+nke pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cno-
noopasonannn n opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entno-
ro n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka. M., J964, c. 86-
J00; Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M. ek-
cnneckne nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n. ., J975,
c. JJ3-J45; 1u:un 1. H. Hc+okn n cytt pycckoro nn+epa-
+ypnoro xstka. M., J98J, c. 33-39.
3
3ect n anee -ne npec+annxe+ napnan+t cynkca -ne n -ene.
4
Hzpeee Xp. O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena n nama+a
rpaxa+nnna nn+epa+ypa. B c.: C+. C+okon. C., J974, c. 393-
397.
5
Anpeuun B. Ocnonna rnrapcka rpaxa+nka. C., J978,
c. 97, 258-259; Cnacoea-Muxa:oea C. ekcnko-cexan+nnnn
pasnnnnx npn crmec+nn+ennn+e nxena n rnrapcknx knnxonen
esnk c orne krx ka+eropnx+a nncno. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a
sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. VII. C., J96J; Hae:oe T. Bonec+ (okonko-
+o e onec+), npnnnnn n nenenne, nnn sa rnaronnn+e crme-
c+nn+ennn n opa+a cpemy +xx. Brnrapckn esnk, J954, kn.
3, c. 263-267; Mockoe M. 3a yno+pea+a na o+rnaronnn+e crme-
c+nn+ennn n c+poexa na nspenenne+o. Brnrapckn esnk, J956,
kn. 2, c. J2J-J30; Ieopeueea L. Ena nenscnenana c+pana na
o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa
rnrapckn esnk, kn. VIII. C., J962, c. 449-458; ona xe. Cexan-
+nnna xapak+epnc+nka na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn na -ne
n na -nue n rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. Cnannc+nnen cop-
a`
J25
nnk. C., J963, c. 225-233; ona xe. Krx nrnpoca sa cexan+nnna-
+a xapak+epnc+nka na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn n rnrap-
cknx knnxonen esnk. (Onn+ sa nekcnko-rpaxa+nnecka npeka+e-
ropnsannx). Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn.
XIX. C., J970, c. J5J-J6J; Cmonnoe Cm. O+rnaronnn crmec+nn-
+ennn c nac+anka -ne o+ cnrpmenn rnaronn? Esnk n nn+epa+y-
pa, J966, kn. 2, c. 39-48; (u+oe (. Hanmennx nrpxy snanenne+o n
yno+pea+a na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena na -ne. Hs-
nec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX, c. J3J-J40; Ho-
noe K. Hs nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J985,
c. 99-J06; Heanuee Ce. Hepemenn nponexn na o+rnaronno+o
crmec+nn+enno na -ne n rnrapcknx esnk. Brnrapcknx+ esnk
knacnneckn n ekso+nnen. C., J988.
6
Opa+en pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn esnk. C., J975.
7
Orek+ox nccneonannx xnnxnnct nnmt nxena cymec+nn-
+entnte, opasonannte o+ rnaronon.
8
Cx.: Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+e-
pa+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cnonoopasonannn n
opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entnoro n pycckox nn+e-
pa+ypnox xstke XIX neka. M., J964, c. 86-J00.
9
Cx. +ax xe, c. 89.
J0
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
ekcnneckne nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n. .,
J975, c. J36 n cne.
JJ
Cp.: Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+e-
pa+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cnonoopasonannn n
opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entnoro n pycckox nn+e-
pa+ypnox xstke XIX neka, c. 9J-92.
J2
Cp. +ax xe, c. 93-98.
J3
Cp. +ax xe, c. 98.
J4
Cp. +ax xe, c. 93-94.
J5
Cx.: Anpeuun B. Esnkr+ na Hancnena+a Hc+opnx cnane-
noonrapckax n nanano+o na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
Brnrapckn esnk, J962, kn. 6, c. 48J-490; on xe. Ponx+a na men
Kapanenon n pasnn+ne+o na knnxonnnx nn esnk. B kn.: Anpe-
nnn . Hs nc+opnx+a na name+o esnkono c+pon+enc+no. C., J986,
c. 2J2-22J; Huueea K. Esnkr+ na Coponnennx Heennnk n
nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J965; ona xe.
Esnkr+ na nrspoxenckn+e npenon na Hpnknmnennx+a na Te-
nexaxa o+ 4enenon. B c.: Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrap-
ckn esnk, kn. XIX. C., J970, c. 595-604; Honoe K. ekcnka n pa-
J26
seonornx na H. P. Cnanekon. Ionmnnk na Concknx ynn-
nepcn+e+. 4nnonornneckn akyn+e+, +. 53, kn. 2. C., J959, c. J39-
233; Hzpeee Xp. Esnkr+ na Heon+ Bosnenn. Brnrapckn esnk,
J965, kn. 6, c. 473-487; Pycunoe P. Hxkon nanmennx nrpxy esn-
ka na Pnnnx yknap o+ He+rp Bepon. Brnrapckn esnk, J97J,
kn. 5, c. 420-426; Honcka P. Esnkr+ na Hoaknx Krpnonckn. C.,
J980; Hc+opnx na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J989,
c. 427-428 n p.
J6
Cx.: Honee B. Hc+opnx na rnrapckn esnk, +. J. C., J9J9,
c. 280.
J7
Cx. nanpnxep: (e+una L. H. Tnxonpanonckn axacknn.
Bonrapckn naxx+nnk XVII n. Hccneonanne n +ekc+. C., +. I,
J968; +. III, J985.
J8
Cx. +ax xe, +. II, J97J.
J9
Cx.: Ieopeueea L. Brnrapcko-pyckn+e esnkonn nsanxoo+-
nomennx ka+o nponex na nc+opnx+a na pycknx n rnrapcknx
knnxonen esnk. B kn.: Cnanxncka nnonornx, +. XVII. C., J983,
c. J49.
20
Pana, knartna Brnrapcka, non1c+r o+r Ben+xana
np1neena o+r Ioaktxa Ipsena. Benrpa, J852.
2J
Pana, nrrapcka napktnu, npnkasr na A. 4. Bent+xana
np1nee o+r pyckt Enena My+tena. Cank+-He+epypr, J852.
22
Cx.: Anpeuun B. Ponx+a na nepkonnocnanxncknx esnk sa
nsrpaxane+o na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen esnk.
Brnrapckn esnk, J958, kn. 4-5, c. 3J8.
23
O cnopax konna neka no nonpocax npanonncannx napo-
ntx n knnxntx o+rnarontntx cymec+nn+entntx, a +akxe o no-
cnxmenntx ++nx nxenax xa+epnanax n +pyax onrapcknx xst-
koneon no rpaxxa+nke cx.: Hzpeee Xp. C+pannnn o+ nc+opnx-
+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J986, c. 253-258; Hc+opnx
na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk, c. 429-43J.
24
Cx.: Huueea K. Kak Bason e opao+nan esnka na +nopn+e
cn (peaknnonnn npoxenn n poxana Ho nro+o). B kn.: Esnk
n c+nn na rnrapckn+e nnca+enn, kn. I. C., J962, c. J43.
25
Cx. Cn. XI XVII nn., ntn. J3, c. 2J0-2J2.
26
Cx.: Konopckan L. C. Cexan+nneckax nc+opnx cnanxnns-
xon n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nonoro npexenn. M., J988,
c. J23.
27
Cx. +ax xe.
28
Hpnxept E. C. Konopcko, cx. +ax xe, c. J24.
29
Cx. +ax xe, c. J24-J25.
J27
30
3+o+ n ntmax nac+t npnnonxtx anee npnxepon ns
onrapcknx nn+epa+ypntx nponsneenn xpann+cx n Cnonapno
kap+o+eke Hnc+n+y+a onrapckoro xstka npn Bonrapcko aka-
exnn nayk.
3J
Hpnxep E. C. Konopcko, cx. ykas. pa., c. J24.
32
Hanpanka. 1c+n|e nanpannxmmaro n nanpannnmaro,
+.e. nanac+pnnammaro n nanoc+pnnmaro. Hanpanka pn+nt (Cn.
J847 r., II, 393); cp. ono ns snanenn rnarona nanpannx+t na-
nac+pnna+t, na+annna+t (+ax xe).
33
Copokun B. C. Pasnn+ne cnonapnoro coc+ana pycckoro
nn+epa+ypnoro xstka. 30 90-e rot XIX neka. M.-., J965,
c. 506.
34
Cx. +ax xe.
35
Cx. +ax xe, c. 507.
36
Hpnxept ncnontsonannx ++nx cnon cx. +ax xe.
37
Cx. n xstke konna XIX neka: .nect sa nect npann+en-
c+no+o nanpannxna omec+nenno+o xn1nne. (Cnooa, J894,
N J477, 2); 3aana+a na rpaa Kanpnnn 1, a notpxa n
nanpannxna crsaeno+o o+r np1mec+nennnka xy nncoko n
+pyno nonoxenne na Iepxannx... (+ax xe, N J507, l).
38
Hpnxept ns pao+t E. C. Konopcko Cexan+nneckax
nc+opnx cnanxnnsxon n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nonoro
npexenn, c. 42.
39
Cx.: Htt/-Borth H. Die Bereicherung des russischen
Wortschatzes im XVIII. Jahrhundert, Wien, J956. S. 90; Bece:um-
cku B. B. O+nnenennax nekcnka n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xst-
ke XVIII nanana XIX n. M., J972, c. J55.
40
Cx.: Konopckan L. C. Cexan+nneckax nc+opnx cnanxnns-
xon n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nonoro npexenn, c. J05.
4J
Cx., nanp.: 1ac+ep M. 3+nxonornneckn cnonapt pyccko-
ro xstka, +. I. M., J986, 360, co cctnko na: Vnerayn. Revue des
tudes slaves, Paris, J2, J9; Xmmm:t-Bopm, ykas. pa., 90.
42
Hpnxept E. C. Konopcko. Cx. ykas. pa., c. J05-J06.
43
pyrne o+xenennte n pycckox xstke snanennx yxe yc+a-
penann n nex n ne xnnxnnct ak+yantntxn ko npexenn mnpoko-
ro pacnpoc+panennx cymec+nn+entnoro nnena+nenne n onrap-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke.
44
Inaront nnena+nxnax (npanx, crsanax cnnno nnena+ne-
nne y nxkoro) n nnena+nxnax ce (nsxnnxnax cnnno nrse-
c+nne+o na nemo, koe+o nrsnpnexax, nsxnnxnax) PBE, II, 379
xnnxm+cx npnope+ennex conpexennoro xstka. Pacnpoc+panenne
J28
nx n nn+epa+ype, nepox+no, cnxsano c noxnnennex n pycckox
pasronopnox xstke XX neka rnarona nnena+nx+t (nponsnon+t,
oc+annx+t nnena+nenne).
45
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
ekcnneckne nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n. .,
J975, c. JJ8.
46
Cx. +ax xe, c. J24.
47
Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M. Vkas.
pa., c. J22.
48
Cx. +ax xe.
49
Cpannn+e +onkonanne snanenn ++nx rnaronon n Cn. XI
XVII nn., ntn. J2, c. 253-254.
50
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
Vkas. pa., c. JJ7.
5J
Cx. +ax xe.
52
Cx. +ax xe.
53
Cpannn+e ncnontsonanne c +ex xe snanennex cymec+nn-
+entnoro na -ne: He e nn nc+nna, ne nsomo cn np1xnnynann
xnanna+a a +rpcnxr +mecnannx... Moxe a nxa ncknmnente-
+a; nr asr ce npnsnanaxr neoc+oenr sa +1xr. (. Uankon,
Trxnnnn+e xn. C. Hennko (nepeno), J874, 6J).
54
Cx.: Mantnena H. M., Mono+kon A. H., He+pona 3. M. Vkas
pa., c. JJ8.
55
Cx. +ax xe.
56
Cpannn+e ncnontsonanne c +ex xe snanennex opxt na -ne:
.sanna1 n1na c1nepna Tpakix n Makeonix o Conynckt+1
npe1nt. Ka+o yc+pon n ykp1nn op1 +1sn sanomnanix, Ac1nt
ca ntpna no n1kakna npnnnna nr Ttpnono (T. Bnmkon, Hc+o-
pnx na rnrapcknx napo, J873, 203).
57
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
Vkas. pa., c. JJ9-J20.
58
Cx. +ax xe, c. JJ8-JJ9.
59
Hpnxept ncnontsonannx ++nx cymec+nn+entntx cx. +ax
xe, c. JJ9.
60
Cx. +ax xe.
6J
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
Vkas. pa., c. JJ7.
62
Cx. +ax xe.
63
Cp. yc+apenmee cenac snanenne rnarona ynycka+t (ynyc-
+n+t) oc+annxx es sao+t, es nonenennx, npnnon+t n yna-
ok, pacc+poc+no; sanycka+t (BAC, XVI, 797).
J29
64
Cx.: Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M.
Vkas. pa., c. J20.
65
Cx. +ax xe.
66
Cx. +ax xe, c. J20-J2J.
67
Cp. yno+penenne rnarona n snanennn nnmn+t yxonntx,
npanc+nenntx cnn: [Utnnynon:] Bt ynnn+oxnnn xen+y nce
xoe xnsnn, onyc+omnnn xom ymy A. Oc+ponckn, Bora+te
nenec+t (npnxep ns MAC, II, 634).
68
Copokun B. C. Pasnn+ne cnonapnoro coc+ana pycckoro
nn+epa+ypnoro xstka. 30 90-e rot XIX neka. M.-., J965,
c. 4J0.
69
Cymec+nn+entnoe osnonenne tno onent mnpoko pacnpo-
c+paneno n onrapckox xstke ykasannoro nepnoa, o nex cnn-
e+entc+nye+, nanpnxep, ak+ ero nkcannn Cn. Iepona (I, 3J5).
70
Cx., nanpnxep: Bonxuee T. O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+en-
nn n panna+a nposa na Hnan Bason. B c.: Hscnenannx ns
nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk o+ xnnannx nek. C.,
J979, c. J75-J76.
7J
Pycckoxy nn+epa+ypnoxy xstky +akxe tnn nsnec+nt o+-
rnarontnte opasonannx nspaxenne n paspasnenne. Hcnont-
sonannct onn, onako, +ontko n snanennn ec+nnx no rnarony
(cx. Cn. J847 r., II, J2J; Cn. anx, II, 32; IV, 27).
72
Hocnenee cnono nkcnpye+cx n naxx+nnkax penneon-
rapckoro xstka. Cx.: rzszuxauua, rsutuut (Mnknomnn 4.
Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum, c. J078).
73
Cx., nanpnxep, y H. Bepona: nxckanne, napnenne, nnenne,
neranne, xnnnanne, nnanynanne, c+ananne n no. Cx.: Pycunoe
P. Hxkon nanmennx nrpxy esnka na Pnnnx yknap o+ He+rp
Bepon. Brnrapckn esnk, J97J, kn. 5, c. 420-426.
74
3+n cymec+nn+entnte xory+ oosnana+t coc+oxnnx name
ncero n +ox cnynae, ecnn nponsnoxme xnnxe+cx ocnona nos-
npa+noro rnarona.
75
Cx.: Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+e-
pa+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cnonoopasonannn n
opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entnoro n pycckox nn+e-
pa+ypnox xstke XIX neka, c. 93.
76
Tax xe, c. 93-94.
77
Anpeuun B. Ocnonna rnrapcka rpaxa+nka. C., J978,
c. 258-259.
78
Hao nxe+t n nny, n+o snanennx onrapcknx n pyccknx
onokopenntx o+rnarontntx nxen na -nue xory+ ne connaa+t
J30
ns-sa necoo+ne+c+nnx snanenn rnaronon. Cp.: pasnennax.
J) packantna+t, paspya+t, pacceka+t; 2) nepen. packantna+t,
napyma+t ennc+no; 3) nepen. npopestna+t (+nmnny); ce J) pac-
kantna+tcx; 2) nepen. packantna+tcx (o nap+nn n +.n.) BPP, 575; pac-
nennx+t. o+kannax (nemo crenneno) PBP, 7J4.
79
3+o xe snanenne tno cnoc+nenno n pycckoxy cymec+nn-
+entnoxy nonn+anne. Cx. BAC, X, J724.
80
Bonrapckoe cymec+nn+entnoe ns+esanne n snanennn xec-
+okoe nsnneckoe nnn npanc+nennoe xynenne coo+nocn+cx c
nosnpa+ntx rnaronox ns+esanax ce ( nno+r+! Ax, kakna
xepsoc+! H ko nn e sarnxnn a ce ns+esanaxe no +ox +onap,
no +ox escxncnen n nno+ckn +onap xnno+a? H. Bason,
Crn., XIII, 36). Cpannn+e o+cy+c+nne nosnpa+noro rnarona n
conpexennox pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke.
8J
Cx., onako, yno+penenne ++nx rnaronon n nponsneennxx
konna XIX nepno ne+nep+n XX neka: [Kono]. Ko xnona
+ax nop+a+a? Ka+epnna nxa +osn onna, ncnnkn+e xn nepnn
ce cr+pecxna+ (H. Bason, Hensaenn nponsn., J968, J9J); .y-
nn n +onnn nync+na, kon+o ca ro cr+pecxnann. (K. Bennnkon,
Crp. crn., VIII, J9J4, 266).
82
Honoe K. Hs nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C.,
J985, c. J04-J05.
83
Cx.: Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+e-
pa+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cnonoopasonannn n
opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entnoro n pycckox nn+e-
pa+ypnox xstke XIX neka, c. 95-97.
84
Cx.: Bunokyp I.O. Inaron nnn nxx? B c.: Pycckax pent.
Honax cepnx, III. ., J928, c. 83.
85
Cx.: Ieopeueea L. Krx nrnpoca sa cexan+nnna+a xapak+e-
pnc+nka na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn n rnrapcknx knnxo-
nen esnk. (Onn+ sa nekcnko-rpaxa+nnecka npeka+eropnsannx).
Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX. C., J970,
c. J5J-J6J.
86
Cx., nanp.: Cnacoea-Muxa:oea C. ekcnko-cexan+nnnn
pasnnnnx npn crmec+nn+ennn+e nxena n rnrapcknx knnxonen
esnk c orne krx ka+eropnx+a nncno. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a
sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. VII. C., J96J, c. 239, 240, 247, 285 n p.;
Ieopeueea L. Cexan+nnna xapak+epnc+nka na o+rnaronnn+e
crmec+nn+ennn na -ne n na -nue n rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
Cnannc+nnen copnnk. C., J963, c. 229; ona xe. Krx nrnpoca sa
cexan+nnna+a xapak+epnc+nka na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+en-
J3J
nn n rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. (Onn+ sa nekcnko-rpaxa+nnec-
ka npeka+eropnsannx). Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn
esnk, kn. XIX. C., J970, c. J53-J54; (u+oe (. Hanmennx nrpxy
snanenne+o n yno+pea+a na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena
na -ne. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX,
c. J3J-J40; L+upsnn A. Omoesnkonn cexan+nnnn nponecn n
+epxnnonornx+a (c orne na c+pon+enna+a +epxnnonornnna no-
cnc+exa). Brnrapckn esnk, J989, c. 40-4J n p.
87
Ho xnennm coc+ann+ene Cnonapx conpexennoro onrap-
ckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka [Pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrap-
ckn knnxonen esnk (PCBKE), ++. I III, J954-J959], cnono ns-
kasnane, ncnontsymmeecx no n+opnnnox snanennn, xnnxe+cx
oxonnxox cymec+nn+entnoro co snanennex nponeccyantntx:
nskasnane Knux. Cnc+exno, onkn. yc+no nsnoxenne na xnc-
nn, xnennx no nxkakrn nrnpoc (I, 493). Xapak+epna c+nnnc+n-
neckax noxe+a npn ++ox cnone, ykastnammax na +o, n+o n cepe-
nne XX c+one+nx cymec+nn+entnoe n ++ox snanennn eme ne
nxeno mnpokoro pacnpoc+panennx n tno sakpenneno sa +o
cepo nn+epa+ypno penn, n ko+opo ono pasnnno ++o snane-
nne.
88
He nnonne onpananntx kaxe+cx o+necenne orek+a c
npenorox na npn cymec+nn+entntx, opasonanntx o+ nepe-
xontx rnaronon (nsnpamane na cyxn), k nnenax npenoxennx,
oosnanaextx +epxnnox npn+exa+enno onpeenenne (cx.
Anpeuun B. Ocnonna rnrapcka rpaxa+nka. C., J978, c. 364,
373). B annox cnynae xexy o+rnarontntx nxenex n ynpan-
nxexo opxo yc+anannnnam+cx orek+nte o+nomennx, nnmt
n nesnann+entno c+enenn ocnoxnennte onpeenn+entntx sna-
nennex. O+nomennx npn+xxa+entnoc+n o+cy+c+nym+.
89
annoe snanenne nkcnpye+ Pennnk na crnpexennnx
rnrapckn knnxonen esnk: O6ukn. +n. Heoxonxn ycnonnx,
npannna, kon+o +pxna a ce cnasna+ (I, 493). Takoe xe +onko-
nanne ae+ Pennnk na rnrapcknx esnk (VI, 252).
90
Hpnxep nsx+ ns Cnonapx conpexennoro onrapckoro nn-
+epa+ypnoro xstka (PCBKE), +. II, c. 497, ne ntenxmmero an-
noro snanennx y cnona nn+ane.
9J
Cp.: sann+nane... O+rn. crm. o+ sann+nax n o+ sann+nax
ce; nrnpoc. <...> ff Cmecn. Ho:um. Hn+epnenannx. 2. O6ukn. +n.
yxn, c kon+o ce nn+a (PBE, V, 554).
92
Cx. (u+oe (. Vkas. pa., c. J37.
93
Cx. +ax xe.
J32
94
Cx.: (u+oe (. Vkas. pa., c. J39-J40.
95
Cx. +ax xe, c. J40.
96
Cx. +ax xe, c. J38.
97
Tax xe.
98
Tax xe, c. J39.
99
L+upsnn A. Vkas. pa., c. 40-4J.
J00
Cx.: Cmokoe Cm. Bana+cknx+ ronop. C., J967, c. 5.
J0J
Tax xe, c. 252-253.
J02
Cx. +ax xe, c. 350-35J.
J33
Conan
BAC Cnonapt conpexennoro pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro
xstka, n J7 +. M.-., J948-J965.
BPP Bepnuen C. Brnrapcko-pyckn pennnk. M., J986.
BCP Hanoe B., Hanoea A. Brnrapckn cnnonnxen pen-
nnk. C., J987.
BTP Brnrapckn +rnkonen pennnk. C., J973.
Bocmokoe A. X. Cnonapt nepkonnocnanxnckoro xstka.
CH., J858-J86J, +. J-2.
(tnuenko I. Honnt nepkonno-cnanxnckn cnonapt (c
nnecennex n nero naxnemnx pennepyccknx cnon n ntpa-
xennn). M., J900.
(meepnya A. Cnonapt onrapckoro xstka no naxx+nn-
kax napono cnonecnoc+n n nponsneennxx noneme ne-
na+n. M., J885-J889.
Hekcnkon Taxnmena Honnt pannyscko-poccnckn
cnonapt, coc+annennt no nonemexy nsannm ekcnkona
4pannyscko akaexnn n yxnoxennt nnont nneenntxn
cnonaxn, +akxe +exnnnecknxn +epxnnaxn nanopntx co-
ne+nnkox Hnanox Ta+nmentx. M., J8J6, n. J-2.
MAC Cnonapt pycckoro xstka. M., J98J-J984, +. J-4.
Muk:ouuu 1. Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum.
Vindobonae, J862-J865.
Opa+en pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn esnk. C., J975.
Hpeo6paxencku A. 3+nxonornneckn cnonapt pycckoro
xstka. M., J958.
PBE Pennnk na rnrapcknx esnk. C., J977 -, +. J n cne.
PBP 9yka:oe C. Pycko-rnrapckn pennnk. M., J986.
Pennnk na pekn, oc+apenn n nanek+nn yxn n nn+epa-
+ypa+a nn o+ XIX n XX nek. C., J974.
PCBKE Pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen
esnk. C., J954-J959, +. J-3.
a`
J34
Pennnk na nyxn+e yxn n rnrapcknx esnk. C., J982.
CAP I Cnonapt Akaexnn Poccncko, nponsnontx
ny+ex pacnonoxennt. CH., J789-J794, n. J-6.
CAP II Cnonapt Akaexnn Poccncko, no asynnoxy
nopxky pacnonoxennt. CH., J806-J822, n. J-6.
Cnnonnxen pennnk na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxo-
nen esnk. C., J980.
C. Ieona Iepoe H. Pennnk na nrrapckt xstk c
+nrkynanne penn+t na nrrapckt n na pycckt. Hnonnn,
J895-J904, +. J-5.
C. an Tonkont cnonapt xnnoro nennkopycckoro
xstka Bnanxnpa anx. M., J989, +. J-4.
C. Hocxexa Poccnckn c nexenknx n pannyscknx
nepenoaxn cnonapt, con. H. Hopc+e+ox. CH., J780-J782,
n. J-2.
C. Omerona Oxeeoe C. H. Cnonapt pycckoro xstka.
M.,. J984.
C. Hymknna Cnonapt xstka Hymknna. M., J956-J96J,
+. J-4.
1ac+ep M. 3+nxonornneckn cnonapt pycckoro xstka.
M., J964-J973, +. J-4.
C. dnkonon 1u:koea H. C+apoonrapnsxt n nep-
konnocnanxnnsxt n nekcnke pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xst-
ka. Vnent cnonapt. C., J986, +. J-3.
C. XI - XVII nn. Cnonapt pycckoro xstka XI XVII
nn. M., J975 -, ntn. J n cne.
C. XVIII n. Cnonapt pycckoro xstka XVIII neka. .,
J984 -, ntn. J n cne.
C. 1847 r. Cnonapt nepkonno-cnanxnckoro n pyc-
ckoro xstka, coc+. II O+enennex Akaexnn nayk. CH.,
J847, n. J-4.
Cnonapt pennepycckoro xstka (XI XIV nn.). M., J988 -,
+. J n cne.
Slovnik |azyka staroslovnskho, Praha, J958 -, ntn. J n
cne.
Cpesneecku H. H. Ma+epnant nx cnonapx pennepyc-
ckoro xstka no nnctxenntx naxx+nnkax. M., J858, +. J-3.
C+apocnanxnckn cnonapt (no pykonncxx X XI nekon).
M., J994.
Tonkont cnonapt pycckoro xstka no pe. . H.Vma-
kona. M., J935-J940, +. J-4.
J35
Bnnoraqnn
Anee:oe B. Hs nc+opnx+a na pycko+o nnnxnne n Brnra-
pnx (XV XVIII n.) - Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn
esnk, J956, c. 29J-323.
Anpeuun B. Esnkr+ na Hancnena+a Hc+opnx cnaneno-
onrapckax n nanano+o na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
Brnrapckn esnk, J962, kn. 6, c. 48J-490.
Anpeuun B. Hs nc+opnx+a na name+o esnkono c+pon-
+enc+no. C., J986.
Anpeuun B. Ocnonna rnrapcka rpaxa+nka. C., J978.
Anpeuun B. Ponx+a na men Kapanenon n pasnn+ne-
+o na knnxonnnx nn esnk. B kn.: Anpennn . Hs nc+opn-
x+a na name+o esnkono c+pon+enc+no. C., J986, c. 2J2-22J.
Anpeuun B. Ponx+a na pycknx esnk n pasnn+ne+o na
crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen esnk. Brnrapckn esnk,
J952, kn. 3-4, c. J73-J82.
Anpeuun B. Ponx+a na nepkonnocnanxncknx esnk sa
nsrpaxane+o na crnpexennnx rnrapckn knnxonen esnk.
Brnrapckn esnk, J958, kn. 4-5. c. 309-320.
Anpeuun B. C+apornrapcko rpanno n crnpexennnx
rnrapckn knnxonen esnk. Brnrapckn esnk, J963, kn. 3,
c. J98-203.
Ba6oe K. Esnkr+ na axacknnn+e n nrnpocr+ sa nrpkon-
nocnanxncko+o n pycko+o nnnxnne nrpxy rnrapcknx knn-
xonen esnk. Cnannc+nnnn nscnenannx. C., J968, c. J67-
J86.
Bocu:koe K. Pasronopnn n knnxonnn napnan+n n esnka
na Brspoxencka+a nn+epa+ypa. Hoxarano no nc+opnx na
rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk (Brspoxenckn nepno). C., J979,
c. 40-46.
Bonxuee T. O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn n panna+a
nposa na Hnan Bason. B kn.: Hscnenannx ns nc+opnx+a na
rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk o+ xnnannx nek. C., J979, c. J75-
J82.
a`
J36
Bap6om . . pennepycckoe nxennoe cnonoopasona-
nne. M., J969, c. 94-96.
Beneukmoe I. K. K nsynennm nc+opnn nekcnkn conpe-
xennoro onrapckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka. Cnanxnckoe
n ankanckoe xstkosnanne. M., J983, c. 5-38.
Bece:umcku B. B. Pasnn+ne o+nnenenno nekcnkn n pyc-
ckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nepno +pe+n XIX n. M., J964.
Bece:umcku B. B. O+nnenennax nekcnka n pycckox nn-
+epa+ypnox xstke XVIII nanana XIX n. M., J972.
Bunoepaoe B. B. Pycckn xstk. Ipaxxa+nneckoe ynenne
o cnone. M., J947, c. JJ7-J2J.
Bunokyp I. O. Inaron nnn nxx? Pycckax pent. Honax
cepnx, III. ., J928.
Bzmoe B. Esnkr+ na -p Bacnn Bepon n knnxonno+o
yc+ponane na o+nnenenn+e crmec+nn+ennn c nac+ankn -nue
n -ne npes n+opa+a nononnna na XIX nek. Esnk n nn+epa+y-
pa, J985, N 3, c. 96-J0J.
Ieopeuee Cm., Pycunoe P. Vnennk no nekcnkonornx na
rnrapcknx esnk. C., J983, c. 47-50.
Ieopeueea L. Brnrapcko-pyckn+e esnkonn nsanxoo+no-
mennx ka+o nponex na nc+opnx+a na pycknx n rnrapcknx
knnxonen esnk. Cnanxncka nnonornx, +. XVII. C., J983,
c. J45-J53.
Ieopeueea L. Ena nenscnenana c+pana na o+rnaronnn-
+e crmec+nn+ennn. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn
esnk, kn. VIII, J962, c. 449-458.
Ieopeueea L. Krx nrnpoca sa cexan+nnna+a xapak+epnc+n-
ka na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn n rnrapcknx knnxonen
esnk. (Onn+ sa nekcnko-rpaxa+nnecka npeka+eropnsannx).
Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX. C., J970,
c. J5J-J6J.
Ieopeueea L. Cexan+nnna xapak+epnc+nka na o+rnaron-
nn+e crmec+nn+ennn na -ne n na -nue n rnrapcknx knnxo-
nen esnk. Cnannc+nnen copnnk. C., J963, c. 225-233.
(e+una L. H. Tnxonpanonckn axacknn. Bonrapckn
naxx+nnk XVII n. Hccneonanne n +ekc+. C., +. I, J968; +. II,
J97J; +. III, J985.
u/ewiczowa I. Nomina actionis we wspczesnym |zyku
rosy|skim. Wrocaw-Warszawa-Krakw-Cdansk, J976, c. 42-
44.
J37
(u+oe (. Hanmennx nrpxy snanenne+o n yno+pea+a
na o+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena na -ne. Hsnec+nx
na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX, c. J3J-J40.
L+upsnn A. Omoesnkonn cexan+nnnn nponecn n +ep-
xnnonornx+a (c orne na c+pon+enna+a +epxnnonornnna
nocnc+exa). Brnrapckn esnk, J989, c. 40-4J.
Heanoea K. Hs nc+opnx+a na +epxnna uspeuenue.
Brnrapckn esnk, J962, c. 365-38J.
Heanoea-Mupueea (. Brnpocn na rnrapcknx knnxonen
esnk o Brspaxane+o. C., J987.
Hc+opnx nekcnkn pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro xstka konna
XVII nanana XIX neka. M., J98J.
Hc+opnx na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J989,
c. 426-432.
Ka:ueea Cm. Hac+anka+a -nue ka+o cnonoopasona+e-
nen enexen+. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk,
kn. XIX, c. 205-2J0.
Konopckan L. C. Cexan+nneckax nc+opnx cnanxnnsxon
n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke nonoro npexenn. M., J988.
Ma:tueea H. M., Mo:omkoe A. H., Hempoea 3. M. ek-
cnneckne nonoopasonannx n pycckox xstke XVIII n. .,
J975, c. JJ3-J45.
Mu:emuu B. nnxenne n onac++a na rnrapckn+e cy-
nkcn. Vn. nperne, X, kn. 6, c. J4-24.
Mupuee K. Hc+opnnecka rpaxa+nka na rnrapcknx esnk.
C., J978.
Mockoe M. Bopa+a npo+nn nyxn+e yxn n rnrapcknx
knnxonen esnk. C., J958.
Mnkuuee B. H. Cymec+nn+entnte na -nue (-nte) co sna-
nennex nponecca n ero pesynt+a+a n pycckox n mxnocna-
nxncknx xstkax. Ma+epnant no pyccko-cnanxnckoxy xst-
kosnannm. Boponex, J984, c. 36-4J.
Huueea K. Esnkr+ na nrspoxenckn+e npenon na Hpn-
knmnennx+a na Tenexaxa o+ 4enenon. Hsnec+nx na Hn-
c+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX, c. 595-604.
Huueea K. Esnkr+ na Coponnennx Heennnk n nc+o-
pnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk. C., J965.
Huueea K. Kak Bason e opao+nan esnka na +nopn+e cn
(peaknnonnn npoxenn n poxana Ho nro+o). B kn.: Esnk
n c+nn na rnrapckn+e nnca+enn, kn. I. C., J962.
J38
Onepkn no nc+opnnecko rpaxxa+nke pycckoro nn+epa-
+ypnoro xstka XIX neka. Hsxenennx n cnonoopasonannn n
opxax cymec+nn+entnoro n npnnara+entnoro n pycckox
nn+epa+ypnox xstke XIX neka. M., J964, c. 86-J00.
Hae:oea P. Bonrapcko-pycckne n pyccko-onrapckne xst-
konte cnxsn. C., J979.
Hepnuuka L. Hnan Bason c+pon+en na rnrapcka+a
nekcnka. C., J985.
Hemkoe H. O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn n +pancop-
xannn+e na +exnn+e cnn+ak+nnnn rpynn. Hsnec+nx na Hn-
c+n+y+a sa rnrapckn esnk, kn. XIX, c. J4J-J49.
Honoe K. Hs nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
C., J985, c. 99-J06.
Honoe K. ekcnka n paseonornx na H. P. Cnanekon.
Ionmnnk na Concknx ynnnepcn+e+. 4nnonornneckn a-
kyn+e+, +. 53, kn. 2. C., J959, c. J39-233.
Honoea B. Brsnnknane na omec+neno-nonn+nnecka+a
nekcnka n paseonornx n rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
Brnrapckn esnk, J964, kn. 4-5, c. 3J5-328.
Honoea B. Omec+neno-nonn+nnecka nekcnka n paseo-
nornx n nynnnnc+nka+a na . Kapanenon. Ionmnnk na
Concknx ynnnepcn+e+. 4ak. cnan. nnon., +. 6J. C., J967,
c. 257-340.
Hzpeee Xp. Esnkr+ na Heon+ Bosnenn. Brnrapckn esnk,
J965, kn. 6, c. 473-487.
Hzpeee Xp. O+rnaronnn+e crmec+nn+ennn nxena n na-
ma+a rpaxa+nnna nn+epa+ypa. B c.: C+. C+okon. C., J974,
c. 393-397.
Hzpeee Xp. C+pannnn o+ nc+opnx+a na rnrapcknx knn-
xonen esnk. C., J986, c. 253-258.
Peesuna O. I., Hoeakoea 3. O+rnarontnte nxena na -nue/
-nie n pycckox n cnonankox xstkax. B c.: Conoc+ann-
+entnoe nsynenne cnonoopasonannx cnanxncknx xstkon. M.,
J987, c. J83-J88.
Pycunoe P. Hc+opnx na nonornrapcknx knnxonen esnk.
C., J984.
Pycunoe P. Hxkon nanmennx nrpxy esnka na Pnnnx yk-
nap o+ He+rp Bepon. Brnrapckn esnk, J97J, kn. 5, c. 420-426.
Pycckax rpaxxa+nka, +. I. M., J982, c. J57-J60.
Ceep:oe B. I. Cexan+nka o+rnarontntx nxen cymec+nn-
J39
+entntx na -nue, -mue n pycckox xstke. Haynnte okna-
t ntcme mkont. 4nnonornneckne naykn, J96J, N 2.
Copokun B. C. Pasnn+ne cnonapnoro coc+ana pycckoro
nn+epa+ypnoro xstka. 30 90-e rot XIX neka. M.-., J965.
Cnacoea-Muxa:oea C. ekcnko-cexan+nnnn pasnnnnx
npn crmec+nn+ennn+e nxena n rnrapcknx knnxonen esnk c
orne krx ka+eropnx+a nncno. Hsnec+nx na Hnc+n+y+a sa
rnrapckn esnk, kn. VII. C., J96J.
Cmokoe Cm. Bana+cknx+ ronop. C., J967.
Cmonnoe Cm. O+rnaronnn crmec+nn+ennn c nac+anka -ne
o+ cnrpmenn rnaronn? Esnk n nn+epa+ypa, J966, kn. 2, c. 39-
48.
1u:un 1. H. Hc+okn n cytt pycckoro nn+epa+ypnoro
xstka. M., J98J, c. 33-39.
1u:koea H. C+apoonrapckne n nepkonnocnanxnckne
nekcnneckne +nexen+t n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke.
ok+. nc. C., J986.
Xox:aueea B. H. K nc+opnn o+rnarontnoro cnonoopa-
sonannx cymec+nn+entntx n pycckox nn+epa+ypnox xstke
nonoro npexenn. M., J969.
Ht t / -Bort h H. Di e Berei cherung des russi schen
Wortschatzes im XVIII. Jahrhundert, Wien, J956.
Honcka P. Esnkr+ na Hoaknx Krpnonckn. C., J980.
Honee B. Hc+opnx na rnrapcknx esnk, +. I, C., J9J9; +. II,
C., J984.
Honee B. Pycko-rnrapckn napanenn, I Cnanxnckn
rnac, I, kn. J, c. 20-29; II Hepnonnecko cnncanne, J904,
N 64, c. 249-259.
manoea: B. B. K nc+opnn cymec+nn+entntx na -nue,
y+pa+nnmnx rnarontnym xo+nnannm. B kn.: Hc+opnneckax
nekcnka pycckoro xstka. Honocnnpck, J983, c. J05-JJ4.
manounukoea B. B. Ka+eropnantnoe snanenne n cexan-
+nnecko c+pyk+ype o+rnarontntx nxen cymec+nn+entntx
na -nue. B kn.: Cnono n cnc+exntx o+nomennxx na pasntx
yponnxx xstka. Cnepnonck, J984, c. 56-60.
Bnakuee M. 3annckn no c+nnnc+nka na rnrapcknx esnk.
C., J965, c. 8J n cn.
J40
Summary
The history ol deverbal nouns ending in -nue (-enue) in Russian
and Bulgarian languages lays bare a lot ol common leatures
and a great number ol dillerences. The genesis ol this category
ol nouns has to a great extent been inlluenced by the processes
ol historical interaction and interdependence ol these Slavonic
languages. The activization ol that word-generating model in
the Old-Russian literary language is closely connected to the
strong inlluence on the part ol the Old-Bulgarian literary
language. It is due to the inlluence ol the Church-Slavonic and
Russian literary languages that the words with the above-
mentioned sullix had been in wide use in the Bulgarian works
ol literature lrom XIX century.
At the very early stages ol the development ol the categories
ol deverbal nouns ending in -nue the words possessing this sullix
have acquired the capacity ol expressing non-verbal abstract
and concrete meanings. Rather active is the process ol getting
away ol the nouns in -nue lrom their generating verb in the
literary language ol XIX century. Nowadays, characteristic lor
the Russian nouns ending in -nue is the semantic heterogeneity,
the meaning ol the abstract action is no more general, viz., one
and the same lor all the word-building sub-types ol the model
possessing that categorial leature.
The process ol deverbalization ol the nouns in -nue, which
has lound a substantial dissemination in Bulgarian literature
thanks to the inlluence ol the Church-Russian and Russian
languages, carries out much laster than in the Russian literary
language. The unceasing in the XIX and XX centuries Russian
language inlluence as well as the peculiarities ol the Bulgarian
lexical and grammatical systems are the two paramount lactors
determining the character and the intensity ol that process. On
the one hand, the results ol the semantic changes, taken place
a`
J4J
i n Russi an li terary language (di sappearance ol the
contraposition ol the nouns in -nue generated by co-relative in
their aspects verbal bases, loosing ol the substantives with that
sullix ol their verbal meanings, development ol substantive
meanings, terminologization ol the words ol that category, etc.),
rellect under the circumstances ol active language contacts on
the development ol the meanings ol Bulgarian nouns ending in
-nue. On the other hand, the lunctioning ol these substantives
in the specilic conditions ol Bulgarian linguistic milieu generates
some new lexical-semantic changes within the boundaries ol
that category ol words; destruction ol the synonymic ties with
the lormations in -ne ol one and the same root and a last getting
away ol a great group ol nouns with the sullix -ne lrom their verbal
action meanings, archaization ol the substantives in -nue possessing
a verbal semantics, development by this word-building model ol
new non-verbal meanings, etc.
Contemporary Bulgarian deverbal noun ending in -nue
stands lar more distant lrom the verb than the substantive with
the same sullix in Russian literary language.
Bulgarian nouns in -ne are deverbal lormations united by
their categorial meaning. They reler to abstract verbal action.
The lact that, in the popular language, some nouns possessing
that sullix have developed substantive meanings points to the
possibility ol semantic evolution ol that category ol words as a
whole. In the course ol time, the use ol these lormations turned
out to be closely related to the history ol the widespread sub-
stantives in -nue in the literary language. In the conditions ol
semantic dillerentiation lrom the nouns ending in -ne, the sub-
stantives in -nue have gradually acquired the right ol expressing
abstract and concrete meanings connected with the semantics
ol the motivating verb. A clear-cut tendency towards specia-
lization ol the deverbal nouns ol these two word-building classes
had put a barrier belore the semantic development ol the nouns
in -ne. In the modern language, the rise ol the non-verbal
meaning lor a number ol words possessing that sullix relates to
the extinction ol the Russian inlluence as well as to the non-
productivity ol the sullix -nue.
J42
C o e m a n n e
AnnoLaLion .................................................................... 5
Bnepeuue ....................................................................... 7
!ana I
Paanuvue auaneuu pyccxux cymecvnuveiumx
ua - u cexauvunecxas ucvopus
ux orapcxux napaee .................................. 21
!ana II
Cexauvuxa conpexeuumx pyccxux u
orapcxux napaee ua - 64
!ana III
Cexauvunecxoe paanuvue ovraroiumx
uxeu ua - n conpexeuuox
orapcxox samxe ............................................... 104
3axmneuue .............................................................. 122
Hpuxenauus ............................................................ 124
Conapu .................................................................... 133
Iuuorpaqus ......................................................... 135
Summary................................................................... 140
a`