THE VERB

PRESENT SIMPLE

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

S + V/V...s. (pers. a III sg.) Do/Does + S + V ? S + dont/doesnt + V. We write a composition every week. Do you write compositions every week ? We dont write comp. every day. He usually writes good composition. Does he usually write good compositions ? He usually doesnt write bad comp. It is used to express Trans ation actiuni obisnuite, repetate. Se foloseste cu: prezent every day!wee"!year#et$ . on$e!twi$e a wee"!a month#et$ usua y#a ways#never#often#se dom#et$ . PRESENT CONTINUOUS S + am/is/a e + V...in!. "m/Is/" e + S + V...in! ? S + aint/isnt/a ent + V...in!. We are studying English now. Is he studying English now ? I am not studying Biology now. It is used to express Trans ation actiuni in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii. Se foloseste cu: now#at the moment#at present#et$. prezent PRESENT PER#ECT SIMPLE S + $a%e/$as + Ve & ' d. Ha%e/Has + S + Ve & ' d ? S + $a%ent/$asnt + Ve & ' d. He has drun" his tea. Has he already seen the photographs ? He hasnt %een here since %ovember. They have ust said ! "ood#bye$. Have you seen him lately ? We havent ta "ed to her this week. It is used to express Trans ation ".o actiune terminata al carei moment nu este precizat e&act perfectul compus o actiune trecuta incheiata recent.Se foloseste cu: &ust# ate y#re$ent y a ready#yet adver%e de fre$venta o actiune terminata intr#o perioada de timp care nu s#a incheiat. Se foloseste cu: today#this wee"!year#et$. B.o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua in prezent. Se foloseste cu: sin$e#for prezent PRESENT PER#ECT CONTINUOUS S + $a%e/$as + &een + V...in!. Ha%e/Has + S + &een + V...in! ? S + $a%ent/$asnt + &een + V...in!. We have %een oo"ing a photo's for ( hrs. Have you %een iving here since )*+, ? They havent %een reading all this time. It is used to express Trans ation o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua in prezent. prezent P"ST SIMPLE S + V...ed/Ve & (nd Did + S + V ? S + didnt + V -esterday, he rea$hed school at +../ am. Did he rea$h school at +../ am yesterday ? He didnt rea$h school at + yesterday. He went to school when he was younger. Did he go to school when he was younger ? He didnt go to school when he was y... It is used to express Trans ation ".o actiune savirsita si incheiata intr#un moment trecut. Se foloseste cu: perfectul compus yesterday# ast'wee" month#et$.( ..... ago in )*+,#on -onday#et$. B.actiune obisnuita, repetata in trecut. Se foloseste cu: often#fre.uent y#usua y#et$. imperfect P"ST CONTINUOUS S + )as/)e e + V...in! *as/*e e + S + V...in! ? S + )asnt/)e ent + V...in! He was tea$hing at * am yesterday. Was he tea$hing at * am yesterday ? He wasnt teaching at + yesterday. We were waiting for him when he arrived Were you waiting for him when he arrived We werent reading, when he arrived. It is used to express Trans ation o actiune in desfasurare intr#un moment trecut. 0specificarea momentului trecut e obligatorie1 imperfect 2omentul trecut se e&prima prin: adverb 0locutiune1: %y / o$ o$"#0aturday#et$. subordonata temporara: at this time# yesterday P"ST PER#ECT SIMPLE S + $ad + Ve & ' d Had + S + Ve & ' d ? S + $adnt + Ve & ' d We had already eft when you arrived. Had he eft before they arrived ? He hadnt eft by 3 p.m. yesterday. It is used to express Trans ation o actiune din trecut anterioara unui moment in trecut sau a unei alte actiuni din trecut. mai mult ca perfect 2omentul trecut se specifica prin: adverbe 0locutiuni1: %y / o$ o$"#0aturday#et$. subordonate temporale: at this time# yesterday P"ST PER#ECT CONTINUOUS Situation: Yesterday afternoon at 4 Mary started practicing the piano. At 5 oclock when her sister arrive from work she was still practicing. S + $ad + &een + V...in! Had + S + &een + V...in! ? S + $adnt + &een + V...in! 0he had %een pra$ti$ing for an hour when Had she %een pra$ti$ing for an hour ? 0he hadnt %een pra$ti$ing for an hour. her sister came from work. It is used to express Trans ation o actiune inceputa inaintea unui moment sau actiuni din trecut, continuind pina in acel moment sau imperfect pina la acea actiune. Se foloseste cu: sin$e# for #UTURE SIMPLE S + s$a++/)i++ + V S$a++/*i++ + S + V ? S + s$ant/)ont + V We sha go to the seaside ne&t summer. 0ha I find them home if 4 go now ? We shant %e there when he arrives. 1ur friends wi $ome with us if they can. Wi he arrive ne&t week ? 0he wont $ome back tomorrow. It is used to express Trans ation o actiune care are loc intr#un moment viitor. 2omentul viitor se e&prima prin: viitorul simplu adverbe: tomorrow,ne&t week5month5year,etc. subordonate temporale o actiune viitoare a carei act. e conditionata de alta actiune. 6onditia se e&prima prin subordonata conditionala0if1 #UTURE CONTINUOUS

S + s$a++/)i++ + &e + V...in! S$a++/*i++ + S + &e + V...in! ? They wi %e visiting the 7illage 2useum. Wi they %e waiting for me when 4 arrive? It is used to express actiune in desfasurare intr#un moment viitor. Se foloseste cu: adverbe0locutiuni1: this time#tomorow#at 2pm#on -onday

S + s$ant/)ont + &e + V...in! They wont %e standing outside... Trans ation viitor

Situation: he !th form pupils are standing outside the ". M.#eter who is always late hasnt arrived yet. he form teacher is $uying the tickets. %n a few moments &aff'.&neg' any longer when #eter arrives.(n his way to the museum #eter is wondering &int'

DIRECT SPEECH Im,e ati%e 8ffirmative: Te me the poem 9 %egative: Dont p ay now 9 4 dont "now what to say. 4 have earnt it. 4 earnt the poem yesterday. 4 sha earn the poem tomorrow.

INDIRECT SPEECH :e as"ed me to te him the poem. :e as"ed me not to p ay. :e said he didnt "now what to say. :e said he had learnt it

after a ver% in 3ast Tense 4 Im,e ati%e

P esent Tense P esent Pe -e.t Past Tense #/t/ e Tense

Past Tense Past Pe -e.t Past Pe -e.t #/t/ e in t$e Past

0hou d ! Wou d 56er%

:e said he had earnt the poem the day before. :e said he wou d earn the poem the ne&t day.

In Indi e.t S,ee.$ 0o/ m/st emem&e t$at a-te a %e & in t$e Past Tense 1 dire$t spee$h now this these indire$t spee$h then that those dire$t spee$h yesterday two day ago last week indire$t spee$h the day before two days before the week before Indi e.t S,ee.$ 2/estions 4 asked if5weather he was ill. 4 asked if5weather he had any books. 4 asked if5weather he $ou d go out. 4 asked if5weather 4 might see him. 4 asked if5weather he wou d get better soon. 4 asked when he wanted to see him. 4 asked how he "new about it. 4 asked when he had phoned you the day before. FUTURE TENSE Y will follow -AIN 79A:0; 0prop. principala1 we sha go to the @. 2useum ne&t Sunday. @hen we shall go to the @echnical 2.ne&t Sunday vom merge la 2. @. duminica viitoare. PRESENT CONDITIONAL 0;ould A 7erb1 Y wo ld follow -AIN 79A:0; 0propozitia prin.1 they wou d go for a swim. @hey would not go for a swim. s#ar duce sa inoate. you wou d not rea$h school late. -ou reach school late. nu ai a unge tirziu la scoala. PAST CONDITIONAL 0;ould A :aveA.rd 7erb1 Y wo ld ha"e followed dire$t spee$h today 5 tonight tomorrow ne&t week indire$t spee$h that day 5 night the ne&t day the ne&t week

Di e.t S,ee.$ 2/estions Is he ill ? Has he any books to read ? 7an you go out ? -ay 4 see you him ? Wi he get better soon ? ;hen do you want to see him ? :ow does he "now about it ? ;hen did he phoned you yesterday ? CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1

BE, :87E, 68%, 28-, ;4<< 0-es 5 %o =uestions1

>?, >?ES, >4>..., 0;:...=uestions1

Tense se.uen$e ;xamp e 0tate of fa$ts Trans ation

PRESENT TENSE if X happens I8 79A:0; 0sub. conditionata1 4f the teacher agrees# 3erhaps he will agree. >aca profesorul va fi de acord, PAST TENSE if X happened I8 79A:0; 0subordonata cond.1 If the weather were, fine, @he weather is not fine. >aca vremea ar fi buna, If you did not get up late, -ou get up late. >aca nu te#ai scula tirziu, PAST PERFECT TENSE if X happened

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 2

Tense se.uen$e ;xamp e ) 0tate of fa$ts Trans ation ;xamp e < 0tate of fa$ts Trans ation

BE;EBE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE !

Tense

se.uen$e ;xamp e ) 0tate of fa$ts Trans ation ;xamp e < 0tate of fa$ts Trans ation

I8 79A:0; 0sub. conditionata1 4f the weather had %een , fine, @he weather was not fine. >aca vremea ar fi fost buna, 4f you had not got up late, -ou got up late. >aca nu te#ai fi sculat tirziu,

-AIN 79A:0; 0prop. principala1 they wou d have gone for a swim. @hey did not go for a swim. ne#am fi dus sa inotam. you wou d not have rea$hed school late. -ou reached school late. nu ai fi a uns la scoala tirziu.

8uture 0imp e is not used in ad"e#$ial %la ses of &i'e and %ondi&ions after this words:
if before when after

3resent

till unless 3erfe$t is used instead.

until as soon as