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11
GIAO TIEP VI
BAN PHM AT
11.1 KHAI QUAT VE LY THUYET CUA BAN PHM GIAO TIEP VI PC
Chng nay se gii thieu ve viec giao tiep vi ban phm AT. Ban phm AT
la mot thiet b nhap thong dung pho bien ma ta thng gap cac may vi tnh.
Vi gia thanh kha re, chung ta co the co c mot thiet b nhap vi nhieu phm
lenh (101 phm tng ng vi 101 phm lenh) ma ch can hai chan tn hieu e
ieu khien. o la u iem cua viec dung ban phm AT e lam thet b nhap.
Ve nguyen tac moi khi ta nhan mot phm tren ban phm th ban phm se gi
cho may tnh mot ma quet (scan code). Ma nay se c may vi tnh x ly va
chuyen oi thanh ma ASCII ma ta a biet. V du nh khi ta nhan phm ch A,
th ban phm se gi i mot ma quet la 1Ch, va neu ta c gi phm th ma quet se
c gi i lien tuc cho en khi phm A c nha ra.
Ben canh o khi ta tha mot phm ra th ban phm cung gi i mot ma quet
khac (F0h) e bao cho may tnh biet phm nhan c nha ra, sau o lai gui tiep
ma cua phm nhan c nha. Va da vao ieu nay ta co the biet c phm nao
c nhan. ng vi moi phm ta se co mot ma quet khac nhau, va cac ma nay la
duy nhat cho du phm o co c nhan kem vi phm Shift hay Capslock, hay
khong. Ngay ca viec lam sang cac en Num, Caps, Scroll lock khong phai la do
ta nhan phm tren ban phm, ma do may tnh giai ma va se gi nhng ma ngc
ve cho ban phm ieu khien viec bat sang en.
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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Nh vay khi mot phm c nhan th ban phm se gi i ma quet cua phm
o roi gi i ma F0h, oi vi cac phm m rong th ma quet cua phm o c
gi i trc, sau o la ma E0h (e bao cho may vi tnh biet o la phm m rong)
roi mi ti ma F0h.
11.2 CAC MA LENH E GIAO TIEP VI BAN PHM
11.2.1 Cac ma lenh c gi ti ban phm
Nhng ma lenh nay c gi i t bo phan ieu khien ban phm (may tnh
hoac trong luan van nay la t chip AT89C2051). Cac lenh nay chu yeu nh la
cac lenh bat tat en, reset ban phm, Sau ay la mot so ma lenh thong dung:
Ma EDh: Thiet lap trang thai cua en LED. Sau khi gi ma lenh nay i,
ban phm se gi lai ma ACK (FAh). Va ch byte sau se quyet nh trang
thai cua en. Bit 0 cho en Scroll Lock, bit 1 cho en Num Lock, bit 2 cho
en Caps Lock, cac bit con lai khong quan tam.
Ma EEh: c goi la ma Echo, v khi gi ma nay i th ban phm cung se
gi ngc tr lai ma nay.
Ma F0h: Thiet lap bo ma quet. Khi gi ma nay i, ban phm se gi tr lai
ma ACK va ch nhan byte ke tiep, 01-03 se qui nh bo ma quet c s
dung. Neu gi 00 th ban phm se cho ta biet bo ma quet ang c s
dung.
Ma F3h: Thiet lap thi gian lap lai cua phm.
Ma F4h: Cho phep ban phm hoat ong, lenh nay se xoa bo em cua ban
phm.
Ma F5h: Khoa ban phm.
Ma FEh: Lenh nay se yeu cau ban phm gi lai byte cuoi cung ma ban
phm va gi.
Ma FFh: Reset ban phm.

11.2.2 Cac ma lenh c gi i t ban phm
Ma FAh:Ma tn hieu ACK.
Ma AAh: Ma ban phm bao la a khi ong xong.
Ma EEh: Tng t nh tren.
Ma FEh: Ma ban phm yeu cau gi cho ban phm byte va gi.
Ma 00h hoac FFh: Ma bao loi hoac bo em b tran.
11.3 CAC MA QUET CUA BAN PHM AT
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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Hnh 11.1 cho biet ma quet cua tng phm. Do ma quet cua tng phm
khong theo th t nh th t bang ch cai. Nen khi lap trnh e chuyen sang ma
ASCII, ta can phai lap mot bang tra.


Hnh 11.1 Ma quet cua tng phm cua ban phm AT


Hnh 11.2 Ma quet cua cac phm m rong cua ban phm AT

11.4 CONG NOI CUA BAN PHM
Ban phm AT co bon day ra, trong o co hai day nguon, hai day tn hieu.
Bon day nay c noi vi hai loai cong, cong PS/2 hoac cong 5 Pin DIN vi viec
bo tr chan nh sau:

`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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1. KBD Clock
2. KBD Data
3. N/C
4. GND
5. +5V (VCC)
1. KBD Clock
2. GND
3. KBD Data
4. N/C
5. +5V (VCC)
6. N/C






5 Pin DIN PS/2

Hnh 11.3 S o chan ra cua au noi ban phm
11.5 LAP TRNH GIAO TIEP VI BAN PHM
11.5.1 Lap trnh gi lenh t ban phm en bo ieu khien
Do ban phm s dung hai day tn hieu e ieu khien, d lieu (lenh, ma
quet) truyen t bo ieu khien cung nh t ban phm eu dung chung ng
truyen, nhng ng truyen t bo ieu khien ti ban phm c u tien hn.
Khi hai chan KBD Clock va KBD Data mc cao (ranh-Idle), th ban phm
se t do gi d lieu. Neu chan KBD Clock xuong mc thap th ban phm se
chuan b a d lieu vao bo em gi (tn hieu chan b gi Clear to Send). Va
khi chan KBD Clock len lai mc cao th bo em nay c gi ra chan KBD
Data.
Khung truyen gom 11-bit d lieu. Bit au tien la Start-bit (logic 0), tiep
theo la 8-bit d lieu (bit LSB c gi i trc), tiep theo la bit parity kiem tra le
va cuoi cung la Stop-bit (logic 1). Moi bit c lay mau khi co canh xuong cua
KBD Clock.

Hnh 11.4 Khung truyen d lieu t ban phm ti bo ieu khien
Xung tren chan KBD Clock la do ban phm t tao ra, xung nay co tan so
khoang 20-30KHz.
11.5.2 Lap trnh gi lenh t bo ieu khien en ban phm
Khi bo ieu khien muon gi lenh en ban phm, th trc het ta se cho chan
KBD Data xuong mc thap (Request to Send). Tuy nhien e tranh trng hp
luc o ban phm cung gi d lieu tren chan KBD Data, ta se gi chan KBD
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

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Clock mc thap trong hn 600s, roi mi cho chan KBD Data xuong mc thap
ong thi cho chan KBD Clock len mc cao.
Luc nay ban phm se tao xung clock tren chan KBD Clock va ta se i
canh xuong au tien tren chan KBD Clock, sau o ta se a tng bit d lieu len
chan KBD Data. Bit nay se c ban phm oc khi co canh xuong tiep theo cua
xung clock. Ta se truyen 8-bit d lieu cung vi bit parity kiem tra le.

Hnh 11.5 Khung truyen d lieu t bo ieu khien ti ban phm
Khi bit parity c ban phm oc th chan KBD Data se c ban phm a
len mc cao va ban phm se gi ve tn hieu ACK thong bao a nhan d lieu.
11.6 KET LUAN
Co the thay ban phm AT la mot thiet b nhap kha tien li, ch vi hai day
tn hieu, ta co the co hn 101 phm lenh khac nhau. Vi chng nay ta the lap
trnh giao tiep vi bat ky mot ban phm AT nao e co mot thiet b nhap tien ch.
Ngay nay van e lu tr d lieu cung kha c quan tam, nhat la van e lu tr
mot khoi lng ln thong tin ma ROM, hay RAM khong the ap ng noi.
Chng tiep theo chung ta se tm hieu khai quat viec lap trnh giao tiep vi a
cng (HDD).
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_