Thiet ke, che tao va ieu khien tay may Trang 51

7
VI X LY
AT89C2051
7.1 GII THIEU VE AT89C2051
AT89C2051 la chip thuoc ho vi x ly MCS-51 do hang Atmel san xuat.
Chip AT89C2051 co cac ac tnh ky thuat sau:
o 2k flash ROM, 128 byte RAM.
o 15 ng xuat nhap.
o 1 port noi tiep va hai bo nh thi 16 bit.
o 6 nguon tao ngat.
o Mot bo so ap (Voltage Comparator).
Ngoai ra so vi chip AT89C51 (loai chip thng dung pho bien hien nay)
th chip AT89C2051 co kch thc nho gon hn (ch co 20 chan), dong tai cac
chan xuat nhap cao (20mA). Con ve tap lenh th no hoan toan giong AT89C51,
do vay cach viet chng trnh ta co the tham khao chip AT89C51 [Sach ho vi
ieu khien 8051 cua Tong Van On va Hoang c Hai].
AT89C2051 con c thiet ke co the hoat ong ngay ca khi tan so xuong
ti zero va no con cung cap cho hai che o chon mode tiet kiem nang lng
bang phan mem. che o ngh (IDLE), th CPU se ngng hoat ong trong khi
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

Thiet ke, che tao va ieu khien tay may Trang 52

cho phep RAM, bo nh thi, cong noi tiep, ngat tiep tuc hoat ong. Con che
o nguon giam (Power Down) th noi dung cua RAM c lu, con bo giao ong
th ong bang cho en khi co mot tn hieu (mc cao trong 2 chu ky may)
chan Reset.
7.2 MO TA CAC CHAN CUA AT89C2051

Hnh 7.1 Cau hnh chan ra cua chip AT89C2051
o Chan VCC
Chan cung cap ien.
o GND
Chan noi mass.
o Port 1
La port xuat nhap 8-bit hai chieu. P1.2-P1.7 th co ien tr pull up ben
trong, con P1.0 va P1.1 oi hoi phai co ien tr pull up khi c s dung lam
ngo xuat tn hieu. Con khi dung lam ngo nhap th chung lan lt tr thanh cac
ngo vao ao va khong ao cua bo so ap. Port 1 con c dung e a ma lap
trnh cho chip cung nh oc noi dung cua chip.
o Port 3
La port xuat nhap 7-bit hai chieu a co san ien tr pull up ben trong. P3.6
la ngo ra cua bo so ap, nhng khong the s dung nh mot chan xuat nhap
bnh thng ma phai thong qua phan mem. Port 3 ngoai c dung nh cac
chan chc nang (noi tiep, ngat) con c dung e a cac tn hieu ieu khien
e lap trnh cho chip.
o RST
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

Thiet ke, che tao va ieu khien tay may Trang 53

Ngo vao reset. AT89C2051 se b reset khi chan nay c a len mc cao
trong hai chu ky may.
o XTAL1
Ngo vao en mach khuech ai ao cua mach dao ong va ngo vao en mach
tao xung clock ben trong chip.
o XTAL2
Ngo ra t mach khuech ai ao cua mach dao ong.
7.3 S O VA NGUYEN LY NAP CHNG TRNH CHO AT89C2051
Trong luan van nay e thuan tien cho viec lap trnh cho AT89C2051, chung
ta can lam mot mach nap cho AT89C2051 bang cong song song thong qua 8255
va chng trnh nap c viet bang Visual Basic. So vi cach lap trnh thong
thng bang cong noi tiep th cach lap trnh nay nhanh hn nhieu.
7.3.1 S o mach nap cho AT89C2051
BASE1
A0
/WR
/RD
/RD
U2
AT89C2051
1
5
4
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2
3
6
7
8
9
11
RST/VPP
XTAL1
XTAL2
P1.0/AIN0
P1.1/AIN1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INT0
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
P3.5/T1
P3.7
A1
VB1
SUB-D 25
13
25
12
24
11
23
10
22
9
21
8
20
7
19
6
18
5
17
4
16
3
15
2
14
1
A0
/WR
U1
8255
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
4
3
2
1
40
39
38
37
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
14
15
16
17
13
12
11
10
5
36
9
8
35
6
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC4
PC5
PC6
PC7
RD
WR
A0
A1
RESET
CS
BASE2
VPP
A1

D3
D6
D4
D5
D4
D0
D2
D7
D2
D0
D7
D3
D1
D6
D1
D5
Hnh 7.2 S o nguyen ly mach nap AT89C2051 bang cong song song
`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

Thiet ke, che tao va ieu khien tay may Trang 54

0
R7
1k
Q1
2N1069
0
10uF
0
100uF
R6
1k
VPP
0
10uF
0
R8
1k
2
1
3
VOUT
A
D
J
VIN
Q2
Q2N2906A
0
LM7805
1 2
3
IN OUT
G
N
D
BASE2
R1
1k
V1
15V
0
R5
10k
BASE1
5V
0

Hnh 7.3 S o nguyen ly mach nguon cho mach nap
7.3.2 Nguyen ly nap chng trnh cho AT89C2051
e nap chng trnh cho chip, trc het ta can phai xoa noi dung cua no
(e toan bo noi dung cua no la FFh). Ben trong chip co mot bien em a ch cua
PEROM, bien nay c reset ve 00h khi co tn hieu reset chan RST va tang
len mot khi co mot xung dng c kch chan XTAL1.
e lap trnh cho chip AT89C2051 ta lam theo cac bc sau:
1. Cap nguon cho chan VCC va GND, cho chan RST va chan XTAL1 xuong
mc thap.
2. Cho chan RST va chan P3.2 len mc cao.
3. Cung cap cac chan chon mode len cac chan P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 theo
bang 7.1.
4. a d lieu lap trnh ra Port1 cua chip.
5. Cho chan RST len mc ap lap trnh la 12V.
6. Cap mot xung len chan P3.2, luc nay qua trnh a ma lap trnh vao chp
c bat au, thi gian nay mat khoang 1.2 ms. ay ta ch khoang 1.25
ms cho an toan (khong dung che o oc lai e kiem tra ma ta se kiem tra
sau khi lap trnh).
7. Cap xung len chan XTAL1 e tang a chi len v tr ke tiep, tiep tuc a
d lieu lap trnh mi ra port1.
8. Lap lai bc 6 cho ti khi bien em a chi PEROM en 2K hoac en het
chng trnh can nap.
9. Cho chan XTAL1 va chan RST xuong mc thap.
10. Ta cho oc lai toan bo noi dung chip va so sanh vi d lieu can nap va
a ra thong bao cho ngi s dung biet ket qua.

`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_

Thiet ke, che tao va ieu khien tay may Trang 55


Bang 7.1 Bang cac mode lap trnh
Che o RST/VPP P3.2/nPROG P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.7
Ghi ma 12V L H H H
oc ma H H L L H H
Bit-1 12V H H H H Ghi
khoa
Bit-2 12V H H L L
Xoa chip 12V H L L L
oc byte dau
hieu
H H L L L L
Chu y:
- Lenh xoa chip yeu cau o rong xung nPROG la 10ms.
- Chan P3.1 c keo xuong thap khi d lieu c nap vao chip e ch
ra rang CPU ang ban. Ta co the oc chan nay thay cho viec ch
1.25ms.
- che o oc noi dung cua chip, th d lieu noi dung cua chip c
oc port1.
7.4 KET LUAN
Chng nay chung ta a tm hieu ve chip vi x ly AT89C2051, la loai chip
kha thong dung, co kch thc nho, thuan tien cho viec dung trong cac ng dung
ma khong oi hoi phai dung nhieu chan (nh giai ma, phat hong ngoai, giai ma
ban phm, ). Mot trong nhng ng dung dung AT89C2051 e ieu khien la giai
ma hien th LCD se c trnh bay trong chng tiep theo ay.

`hl . !UYL! `!! l!l `h !_.yi !|i| ii!_.yi l .i_