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BS MA 25 Ship Windows
BS MA 25 Ship Windows
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UDC 629.12.011.83
Specification for
Incorporating Amendment No. 1
Ships windows
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BS MA 25:1973
This British Standard, having been approved by the Shipbuilding and Marine Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 29 October 1973 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SME/7 Draft for comment 71/32821 ISBN 0 580 07986 4
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. 2060 Date of issue July 1976 Comments Indicated by a sideline in the margin
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BS MA 25:1973
Contents
Page Foreword iii 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Conformity with law or regulation 2 2 Materials 2 2.1 General 2 2.2 Schedule of materials 3 3 Glasses for ships windows 3 3.1 General 3 3.2 Dimensions of toughened safety glasses 3 3.3 Examination and testing of toughened glasses 5 3.4 Marking 6 4 Dimensions and tolerances for ships windows 7 5 Design and construction 10 5.1 General 10 5.2 Windows for sea-going ships 10 5.3 Windows for ships in sheltered or inland waters 10 5.4 Hinge pins and window fasteners 11 6 Glazing 11 6.1 General 11 6.2 Wheelhouse windows 12 6.3 Glazing strips, glazing screws and fixing bolts 12 7 Installation and testing 12 7.1 Installation 12 7.2 Testing 13 7.3 Inspection 13 7.4 Testing facilities 13 8 Identification 13 Appendix A Examination of toughened safety glass using polarized light 14 Appendix B Suitable apparatus for load stamp test of toughened safety glass 15 Appendix C Timber for ships window frames 15 Appendix D Windows for ships operating in sheltered waters 16 Appendix E Method for calculating the thickness of toughened safety glass using design pressure head formulae 16 Figure 1 Edge of the glass 5 Figure 2 Rectangular windows 7 Figure 3 Category 1 and Category 2 windows 9 Figure 4 Profile showing tiers, datum deck and weather deck 9 Figure 5 Polariscope for examining for standard of toughening of glass 14 Figure 6 Apparatus for load stamp test of toughened glass 15 Figure 7 Curve for determination of factor based on window size ratio 18 Table 2 Tolerance on thickness of glass 4 Table 3 Tolerance on flatness and parallelism of glass 4 Table 4 Dimensions of arris for edge of glasses 4 Table 5 Proof loading for load stamp test 5 Table 6 Dimensions of ships windows 8 Table 7 Dimensions and number of window hinge pins and fasteners 11
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BS MA 25:1973
Table 8 Glazing dimensions for wheelhouse windows Table 9 Dimensions for glazing strips, glazing screws and fixing bolts Table 10 Maximum allowable pressure head on toughened safety glass for standard sizes of ships windows
Page 12 12 17
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BS MA 25:1973
Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Shipbuilding and Marine Industry Standards Committee and provides requirements for the design (including dimensions), construction, glazing, testing and installation of ships windows. The standard is based on the experience of glass and window manufacturers and shipbuilders, and of Authorities who apply to ships the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, (1960) and of the International Convention respecting Load Lines, (1930 and 1966) and follows the standard being prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8 Shipbuilding, of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO). Consideration has also been given to the safety of passengers and crew and also to the safety of the ship, having regard to the safety convention and load line convention, both of which require that openings in ships hulls and ships superstructure shall be efficiently protected. The design and scantlings of ships windows in this standard will normally be applicable to ships engaged on sea voyages, but in the case of ships on restricted services such modifications of this standard as appears reasonable may be allowed, having regard to the services of these ships. The dimensions of ships windows specified have been adopted from the future ISO standard being prepared by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 8 Shipbuilding, of the International Organisation for Standardization, (in which the United Kingdom has taken an active part), to facilitate the repair of ships windows. The standard also includes requirements for the testing of glasses for ships windows, based on ISO 614. Details of the apparatus to be used for the testing of glasses is given in the Appendices. The requirements of this British Standard appertaining to toughened safety glasses for ships windows supersede those specified in BS 3925:1965, which will accordingly be withdrawn. It is not the purpose of this standard to specify precautions, such as the provision of shutters, that may have to be taken in certain weather conditions for the protection of glasses in ships windows. A further related standard in this Marine Series is BS MA . . . . , Specification for side scuttles for ships, (revision of BS 3024), in course of preparation. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings. BS 310, Blackheart malleable iron castings. BS 952, Classification of glass for glazing and terminology for work on glass. BS 970, Wrought steels in the form of blooms, billets, bars and forgings. BS 1400, Copper alloy ingots and copper and copper alloy castings. BS 1490, Aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings. BS 1631, See BS 3100. BS 1632, See BS 3100. BS 2872, Copper and copper alloys. Forging stock and forgings. BS 2874, Copper and copper alloys. Rods and sections (other than forging stock). BS 3100, Steel castings for general engineering purposes. BS 1631, Austenitic chromium-nickel steel castings for resistance to corrosion. BS 1632, Austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel castings for resistance to corrosion. BS 3643, ISO metric screw threads Part 1 Thread data and standard thread series Part 2 Limits and tolerances for coarse pitch series threads. BS 4360, Weldable structural steels.
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BS MA 25:1973
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.
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NOTE 1 Users of this British Standard: Marine Series should note that while observing the requirements of the Standard they should at the same time ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned. (See also 1.3) NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the fact that some ships windows are subject to letters patent.
1.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 1.2.1 passenger ship a ship carrying more than 12 passengers 1.2.2 bulkhead deck the uppermost deck to which the transverse watertight bulkheads extend. Where used herein refers to passenger ships only 1.2.3 datum deck the freeboard deck in a non-passenger ship and the bulkhead deck or freeboard deck whichever is the higher in a passenger ship 1.2.4 freeboard deck the deck from which the freeboards assigned to the ship are calculated, being either: 1) the uppermost complete deck exposed to weather and sea which has permanent means of closing all openings in its weather portions and below which all openings in the sides of the ship are fitted with means of watertight closing, or 2) at the request of the owner and subject to the approval of the Department of Trade and Industry, a deck lower than that described in 1.2.4 1) which may be permitted subject to its being a complete and permanent deck that is continuous both firstly, in a fore and aft direction at least between the machinery space and the peak bulkheads of the ship, and secondly, athwartships. In a ship having a discontinuous freeboard deck the lower line of the exposed deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is taken as the freeboard deck. 1.2.5 superstructure a decked structure on the freeboard deck which entitles the ship to a reduction in freeboard. Deckhouses whose sides are within 1.5 m from the ships side are, for the purpose of this Standard, treated as a superstructure without regard to allowance for freeboard 1.2.6 tiers spaces above the higher of the bulkhead deck or freeboard deck in passenger ships or the freeboard deck in non-passenger ships
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1.2.7 safety glass (General definition.) a glass which, if fractured, gives fragments which are less liable to cause severe cuts than fragments of ordinary glass 1.2.8 toughened safety glass glass which has been converted to safety glass by subjection to a process of heating and rapid cooling so that if fractured it disintegrates into small pieces and, in addition, its liability to fracture under the action of external forces or changes of temperature is greatly reduced 1.2.9 laminated toughened safety glass a product consisting of two or more pieces of toughened safety glass firmly united to and alternating with one or more pieces of reinforcing material known as interlayer or interleaf. The adhesion should be such that fracture will not cause the glass to separate from the interlayer to any substantial extent and that the glass will not break into large fragments capable of causing severe injury 1.2.10 batch a quantity of glasses of the same size and thickness and which show a similar strain pattern when viewed by polarized light
The materials used in the construction of window scantlings to this standard shall comply with those specified in 2.2 as regards chemical composition and mechanical properties, as a minimum requirement. The mechanical testing of all materials specified in 2.2 shall be carried out in accordance with the mechanical test requirements of the appropriate British Standard listed in the schedule.
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BS MA 25:1973
Sand castings
Carbon-steel BS 3100 Material BS 592 Grade A BS 4360-2 Grade 43A BS 2874 (CZ 123) BS 1474 NE4 NE5 NE8 HE9 HE30
Plate Extrusions
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3.2.1.3 Where windows of the 2nd tier and tiers above are situated in positions at a distance of at least 4 % of the breadth of the ship from the ships side or 1.5 m whichever is the greater, or positioned behind screens, the glass may be reduced by one thickness. 3.2.2 Tolerance on thickness. The tolerance on thickness shall be according to the values given in Table 2. Table 2 Tolerance on thickness of glass
Nominal thickness of glass mm Tolerance mm
10 12 15 19 25
3.2.3 Tolerance on flatness and parallelism of glass thickness. The tolerance on flatness and parallelism of glasses shall be as specified in Table 3. Table 3 Tolerance on flatness and parallelism of glass
Nominal thickness of glass (t) mm Tolerance on parallelism (p)
0.2
2.0
3.2.4 Edges of toughened safety glasses. All edges shall be arrissed and finished to remove sharpness and roughness. Edges of glasses of nominal thickness over 12 mm should be ground flat and arrissed or finished by some other such process providing that the finished dimension conforms to the dimensional tolerances specified in Table 6. The width (s) and depth (y) of the arris should not exceed the dimensions in Table 4. The arrissing should be carried out before toughening the glass. Table 4 Dimensions of arris for edge of glasses
Nominal thickness of glass, t mm Maximum width, s mm Minimum depth, y mm
10 12 15 19 25
1.4 2.0
1.0 1.4
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10 12 15 19 25
3.3.5 Procedure. The glass shall be tested as follows. 1) Place the glass under test on the rubber-faced block so that no edge of the glass is less than 25 mm from the edge of the hole. 2) Lower the plunger on to the fibre pad placed on top of the glass and apply the appropriate load at a rate not greater than 1 000 N per second until the proof load is reached. As the proof load is approached the rate of loading may be reduced to avoid exceeding the proof load. 3) Maintain the specified load for a period of 5 seconds.
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3.3.6 Acceptance conditions 1) If each sample glass tested remains unbroken the whole batch shall be accepted. 2) If one sample glass breaks during the test, a complete re-test shall be carried out on a further sample taken from the same batch. 3) If more than one glass breaks in the first test, or one glass breaks during the re-test, the batch shall be rejected.
3.4 Marking
3.4.1 The following particulars shall be indelibly and distinctly marked by the manufacturer on each piece of toughened glass intended for glazing a ships window in such a position that the markings will be visible when the glass is positioned in the glassholder. All individual markings shall be grouped together, preferably in the bottom right hand or left hand corner of the glass. 1) The name, registered trade mark or licence number of the manufacturer. 2) The number of this British Standard, i.e. BS MA 25.
NOTE This British Standard provides for a product which covers personal safety. Manufacturers and purchasers are urged to make use of the certification scheme whereby the product may bear the registered certification mark of BSI. For further information see the in side back cover of this standard.
3) A single triangle, inverted to indicate that the glass is clear toughened safety glass, or a double triangle for obscured and other non-transparent toughened safety glass. The nominal thickness of the glass shall also be indicated within the triangle.
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BS MA 25:1973
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8 300 425 355 500 400 560 300 355 400 425 500 560 630 710 800 630 710 800 425 500 560 630 710 800 2 500 2 750 3 000 50 450 630 450 500 710 500 560 800 560 900 630 900 1 000 710 1 000 1 100 800 1 100
NOTE Glass:
BS MA 25:1973
58
60
100
108
110
W1 = W + 2(8 1) mm h1 = h + 2(8 1) mm
Glass recess:
W2 = W1 max. + 3 mm h2 = h1 max. + 3 mm
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Figure 3 Category 1 and Category 2 windows Category 1 requirements apply when dimension X is less than 4 % of the breadth (B) of the ship or 1.5 metres whichever is the greater (see 5.1). Category 2 requirements apply when dimension X is greater than 4 % of the breadth (B) of the ship or more than 1.5 metres.
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300 425 355 500 400 560 450 630 500 710 560 800 900 630a 1 000 710a 1 100 800a
a
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 5 5
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
All All All All 2 and 3 4 and 5 3 and 4 5 3, 4 and 5 4 and 5 4 and 5
These windows have dimensions where the width is greater than the height and are considered as upward or downward hinging. All other windows are sidehinged.
1) International
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Up to and including 0.28 Over 0.28 up to and including 0.75 Over 0.75
5 6 6
19 25 30
6 8 10
25 5
75 100
6 6
100 125
10 10
25 5
6.3.2 Glazing screws shall be manufactured from corrosion resistant steel to material specification 321S12, 34S17 and 316S16 of BS 970. Glazing screws manufactured to material specification CZ1 12 and PB102 of BS 2874 shall be used for copper alloy or steel frames.
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BS MA 25:1973
7.2 Testing
To ensure that the windows and packing are watertight when fitted a hose test shall be carried out by the shipbuilder to the owners or surveyors representatives satisfaction, the test consisting of hosing the window by means of a 20 mm nominal size hose held approximately 600 mm from the window and with a water pressure of 172 kN/m2. A similar test shall be carried out by the manufacturer before despatch, by means of batch tests at a pressure not exceeding 172 kN/m2.
7.3 Inspection
The manufacturer shall afford the inspecting authority, the purchaser or his representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy himself that the windows are in accordance with the requirements of this specification. All inspections shall be carried out at the manufacturers works prior to despatch, unless otherwise agreed.
8 Identification
All window frames shall be permanently marked with the following details. 1) Manufacturers name (or trade mark). 2) The number of this British Standard (i.e. BS MA 25). 3) The nominal dimension of the window frame. 4) The thickness of the glass to be fitted.
NOTE Attention is drawn to certification facilities offered by BSI; see the in side back cover of this Standard.
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Appendix B Suitable, apparatus for load stamp test of toughened safety glass
This Appendix describes the apparatus to be used for carrying out the load stamp test specified in 3.3.2. The apparatus to be used for the testing of glass panes is illustrated in Figure 6a. The dimensions of the punch to be used are given in Figure 6b.
Figure 6a
Component number Component Material
Figure 6b
Specification
1 2 3 4
a International
steel
rubber, Thickness: 2 mm hardness 4060 IRHDa Width: 15 mm minimum steel felt or fibre-board Lower part flattened so that a diameter of 12.5 mm is obtained Thickness: approx. 5 mm for felt or approx. 2 mm for fibre-board External diameter: approx. 50 mm
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BS MA 25:1973
Appendix E Method for calculating the thickness of toughened safety glass using design pressure head formulae
E.1 Design pressure head determination Design pressure head is determined by the following formula: HD = a (bf y) c where HD = design pressure head in metres a = L1 2.0 + --------120 for lowest tier of unprotected fronts
NOTE The lowest tier is normally that tier which is directly situated above the uppermost continuous deck to which the rule depth D is to be measured. However, where the freeboard is excessive this tier may be defined as an upper tier. It is recommended that excessive freeboard is that which exceeds the minimum tabular freeboard by more than one standard superstructure height.
a a a a
= = = =
L1 1.0 + --------120 L1 0.5 + --------150 L1 x 0.7 + -------------- 0.8 --1 000 L L1 x 0.5 + -------------- 0.4 --1 000 L
for 2nd tier of unprotected fronts for 3rd tier of unprotected fronts, for sides and for protected fronts for aft ends of amidships for aft ends forward of amidships
L = L1 =
Length of ship (as defined in the Load Line Rules), in metres Length of ship in metres (L1 shall not be taken greater than 300 m).
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BS MA 25:1973
b b
= =
CB =
NOTE
When determining aft ends forward of amidships, CB need not be taken less than 0.80.
distance in metres between bulkhead considered and the aft perpendicular. When determining sides of a deckhouse, the deckhouse is to be subdivided into parts of approximately equal length, not exceeding 0.15L each, and x is to be taken as the distance between the aft perpendicular and the centre of each part considered. L L /300 L 2 ----- e 1 -------- 150 10 L L /300 ------ e 10 for L u 150 m for 150 m u L u 300 m
f f f y c
= = = = =
11.30 for L W 300 m vertical distance in metres from summer water line to midpoint of window b' 0.3 + 0.7 ---B' breadth of deckhouse actual maximum breadth of ship on the exposed weather deck at the position considered
b/B is not to be taken less than 0.25.
b = B =
NOTE
E.2 Design pressure head according to tier Design pressure head in metres is not to be taken as less than the following minimum values. 1st tier 2nd tier 3rd tier and above HD = 4.5 + L/100 HD = 3.5 HD = 1.5
The maximum allowable pressure head on toughened safety glass for standard sizes of ships windows is given in Table 10. Table 10 Maximum allowable pressure head on toughened safety glass for standard sizes of ships windows
Maximum allowable pressure head Nominal dimension, N Nominal thicknesses of toughened safety glass 10 mm mm mm m 12 mm m 15 mm m 19 mm m
300 425 355 500 400 560 450 630 500 710 560 800 900 630 1 000 710 1 100 800
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BS MA 25:1973
The maximum allowable pressure head for windows of non standard dimensions greater than those given in Table 10 may be calculated from the following formula. H =
where H is the maximum allowable pressure head (metres), t is the nominal thickness of glass (mm), is the factor from the curve in Figure 7, b is the minor dimension of window (mm).
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