ASSIGNMENT #2 COUNTING TECHNIQUES AND PROBABILITY

Counting techni ue! Q1. There are 4 buses running between two cities. In how many ways can a man go from one city to other and comes back by a different bus. Q2.How many lunches are possible consisting of soup, sandwich and drink if one can select from 4 soups, kinds of sandwiches and 2 soft drinks. Q .In how many ways can a cricket ele!en be chosen out of 14 players" How many of them will #i$ include a particular player #ii$ e%clude a particular player Q4. & man has 4 suits, ties and 2 pairs of shoes. In how many different ways can he dress up. Q'.& person tra!els from (arachi to )ahore and comes back to (arachi, ' trains are a!ailable. In how many ways he can commute such that* #i$ he does not like to return by the same train #ii$ he does not mind to return by the same train. men and 2 women. In how many ways they can sit alternately. Q+. How many fractions can be made using the number 2, , ',,,11 and 1 " Q,. There are Q-..e!en players of /akistan0s hockey team can play in any of the fi!e forward line position, how many ways can these position be filled. Q1.2our people enter in a bus in which + seats are !acant. In how many ways can they be seated" Q13. Q11. Q12. Q1 . In how many ways can - mangoes of different si4es be distributed among - boys of In how many ways 4 mathematics, ' statistics and , 5nglish books can be arranged & cricket ele!en is to be chosen from 1 players of whom only 4 can bowl, in how & candidate is re6uired to answer + out of 12 6uestions of the midterm paper which different ages so that the largest one is always gi!en to the youngest boy" on a shelf in a row if one can not distinguish between same types of books. many ways the team can be selected so as to include at least 2 bowlers. are di!ided into two groups each containing + 6uestions and he is permitted to attempt not more than 4 from ant group. In how many different ways can he make up his choice"

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Q14. & pi44a place offers choices of salad, 23 kinds of pi44a and 4 different desserts. How many different 7course meals can one order" Q1'. & uni!ersity student must take a modern language, a natural science, a social science, and 5nglish. If there are four different modern languages, fi!e natural sciences, three social sciences , but each student must take the same 5nglish course, how many different ways can the student select his course of study" Q1+. The e%ecuti!e of the 8anitoba &ssociation of 8athematics Teachers consists of women and 2 men. In how many ways can a president and secretary be chosen if* #a$ The president must be female and the secretary male" #b$ The president must be male and the secretary female" #c$ The president and secretary are of opposite se%" Q1,.
n +1 9 n9

.implify* #a$

n9 # n +1$9

#b$

n9 # n 1$9

#c$

n # n +1$9 # n +1$ n9

#d$

#e$

n 2 # n 1$9 n9

Q1-. How many distinguishable permutations are there of the letters in the following words" #a$ &&:;<&:( #b$ =>>((55/5:. Q11. How many distinct ways can be arranged in a row" red flags, 2 blue flags, 2 green flags and 4 yellow flags

Q23. How many different arrangements can be made using the letters in the word T55TH, if the word must start with H" Q21. ?sing the letters of the word 2&@T>: #without repetitions$, how many four7letter code words can be formed* #a$ starting with :" #b$ with !owels in the two middle positions" #c$ Aith only consonants" #d$ Aith !owels and consonants alternating" Q22. 8anitoba license plate numbers consist of different plates could be issued" letters followed by digits. How many

Q2 . @onsider the digits 1, , ', ,, 1. If repetitions are allowed, find* #a$ How many digit numbers can be formed. #b$ How many digit numbers can be formed if the number must be less than +33 and di!isible by '.

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Q24. How many ways can ' people sit in a row if two of them insist on sitting together" Q2'. How many ways can ' people sit in a row if two of them insist on not sitting together" Q2+. How many ways can four married couples sit on a park bench if #a$ e!ery husband and wife must sit together" #b$ The men and women must alternate" Q2,. Three brothers and sisters are lining up for a picture. How many arrangements are there* #a$ &ltogether" #b$ Aith brothers and sisters in alternating positions" Q2-. 2i!e students walk into a 2rench classroom with 13 desks. How many different seating arrangements are possible" Q21. Ainnipeg stadium has 4 entrances and 1 e%its. In how many ways can 2 people enter together but lea!e by different e%its" Q 3.How many ways can a chairperson, a secretary and a treasurer be selected from a committee of - people" Q 1.How many ' digit numbers can be found from 1, 2, , 4, ' if* # no repetition$ #a$ The odd digits occupy the odd places" #b$ The odd digits occupy the odd places in ascending order" Q 2. ?sing the letters in TH?:.;&B* #a$ how many 4 letter words are possible" #b$ how many 4 letter words end in B" #c$ How many do not start with an : and end with a B" Q . #a$ How many ways can - people be seated around a circular table" #b$ How many way can they be seated if 2 of them insist on sitting ne%t to each other" Q 4. 2i!e men and ' women sit around a circular table, men and women alternating. How many ways can this be done" Q '. How many 4 digit numbers larger than '+33 can be made using the digits 3, 1, 2, ', +, -, 1 #no repetitions$C Q +. ?sing the numbers 1, 2, , ', +, -, 3 #no repetitions$* #a$ how many 4 digit numbers are possible" #b$ How many are di!isible by '" #c$ How many are e!en"

Q ,. & book collector has ' different books by ;ickens, different plays by .hakespeare, and different no!els by ;. .teele. .he also has an original story by 8argaret )aurence. How many ways can they be arranged on a shelf if the books by each author are to be kept together" Q -. #a$How many ways can - people be seated around a circular table if Dicky and 8onica insist on sitting together" #b$ if, in addition, Eeorge and =rent refuse to be seated together, how many ways can this be done" Q 1. How many ways can 4 girls and 2 boys sit at a mo!ie theatre row #which contains + seats$, if* #a$ >ne girl must be seated on each end" #b$ &ll the girls insist on sitting together" Q43. #a$ How many ' letter words are possible using the letters in AIDT5:" #b$ How many contain I as the second letter" #c$ How many do not start with an 5" Q41. The letters in the word =&::I5: are arranged all at a time. #c$ 2ind the number of permutations #d$ 2ind the number of arrangements beginning with the letter : #e$ 2ind the number of arrangements beginning with e%actly one :. Q42. &n in!estment club has a membership of 4 women and + men. & research committee of is to be formed. In how many ways can this be done if* #a$ There are to be 2 women and 1 man on the committee" #b$ There is to be at least 1 woman on the committee" #c$ &ll three ha!e to be the same se%"

PROBABILITY
Q1. & card is drawn at random from an ordinary pack of '2 playing cards. 2ind the probability that the card #i$ is a Fack #ii$ is not a Fack Q2. & bag contains white, 4 black and ' red balls. If are red #ii$ all balls are drawn

at random determine the probability that #i$ all black #i!$ one of each color is drawn. 747

are black #iii$ 2 red and one is

Q .

& room has lamp. 2rom a collection of 13 light bulbs of which + at random and puts them in the sockets. Ahat is the probability

are not good, a person selects

that he will ha!e light from all the three lamps" Q4. student Q'. & bag contains 2' balls marked 1 to 2'. >ne ball is drawn at & class contains 1+ boys and 13 girls of which half of the boys and

half of the girls are fat. 2ind the probability that a student chosen at random is a boy or a fat

random. Ahat is the probability that it marked with a number of multiple of ' or +. Q+. The probability that a contractor gets an electric contract is 2G, and

that of his getting a plumbing contract is G'. If the probability of his getting at least one of the contract is 'G,. what is the probability of his getting both the contracts. Q,. let the population of adults of a small !illage be categori4ed

according to se% and employment status as*

Employed Unemployed Total Male Female Total 460 140 600 40 260 300 500 400 900

If a person is chosen at random find the probability that it is #i$8ale #ii$5mployed /erson #iii$8ale and 5mployed /erson #i!$8ale or 5mployed /erson Q-. 2rom a well shuffled pack of '2 playing cards, one card is drawn.

2ind the probability that it is #i$ a (ing #ii$ a diamond #iii$ the 6ueen of hearts #i!$ either the

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6ueen of heart or the Fack of spades #!$ either a two or three #!i$ not the ace of spades #!ii$ not a club #!iii$ not a face card #i%$ either a king, 6ueen or a Fack. Q1. If two dice are thrown or rolled find the probability that* "# Two faces shows the same number $# The sum of the two faces are greater than 13 c# & total more than , %# at least one ace e# a total of at most 4 &# The number on the first die is greater than the number of the second die. g# & sum of ' or a sum of 1 h# & total of -. i# &t most a total of '. Q13. & committee of four members is to be selected at random from a

group consisting of si% men and four women. Ahat is the probability that on his committee men and women will get e6ual representation" Q11. >f 1'3 people, +3 men and 13 are women, 3 of the men and +3 of the women read newspaper daily. & person is to be selected at random from the lot. Ahat is the chance that selected would be a man or read newspaper. Q12. Q1 . from each of the three married couples one of the partner is selected In a certain firm + persons #4female and 2 male$ are eligible for at random. Ahat is the probability of their being all of one se%" promotion to 2 higher positions. How many different combinations of these employees are eligible for promotions" )ist them "# &ssume that persons are selected at random for promotion then find the probability that* i. &t least one of the persons promoted would be a female ii. 5%actly one female would be promoted iii. Do more than one female promoted i!. Do female would be promoted.

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Q14. If each coded item in a catalog begins with letter a !owel and the last digit e!en.

distinct letters followed by 4 distinct non74ero

digits, 2ind the probability of randomly selecting one of these coded items with the first Q1'. Two cards are drawn in succession from a deck without replacement. Ahat is the probability that both cards are greater than 2 and less than -" Q1+. In a poker hand consisting of ' cards, find the probability of holding a. acesC b. 4 hearts and 1 clubs Q1,. ;om0s /i44a company uses taste testing and statistical analysis of the data prior to marketing any new product. @onsider a study in!ol!ing three types of crusts # Thin , Thin with garlic and oregano, and Thin with bits of cheese$. ;om0s is also studying three sauces, # standard, a new sauce with more garlic, and a new sauce with fresh basil$ a. How many combinations of crust and sauce are in!ol!ed" b. Ahat is the probability that a Fudge will get a plain thin crust with a standard sauce for his first taste test" Q1-. &ccording to consumer digest #HulyG&ugust 111+$, the probable location of personal computers #/@$ in the home is as follows*
&dult bedroom* 3.3 @hild bedroom * 3.1' >ther bedroom* 3.14 >ffice or den* 3.43 >ther rooms* 3.2-

#a$ Ahat is the probability that a /@ is in a bedroom" #b$ Ahat is the probability that it is not in a bedroom" #c$ .uppose a house hold is selected at random from households with a /@C in what room would you e%pect to find a /@" Q11. Interest centers around the life of an electric component . .uppose it is known that the /robability that the component sur!i!es for more than +333 hours is 3.42. .uppose also that the probability that the component sur!i!es no longer than 4333 hours is 3.34. #a$ what is the probability that the life of the component is less than or e6ual to +333 hours" #b$ Ahat is the probability that the life is greater than 4333 hours"

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Q23. @onsider the situation in Q no.11. )et & be the e!ent that the component fails a particular test and = be the e!ent that the component that the component displays strain but does not actually fail. /#&$I 3.23 and /#=$I3. '. #a$ Ahat is the /robability that the component does not fails the test" #b$ Ahat is the probability that the component works perfectly well # i.e neither displays strain nor fails the test$" #c$ Ahat is the probability that the component either fails or shows strain in the test" Q21. 2actory workers are constantly encouraged to practice 4ero tolerance when it comes to accidents in factories. &ccidents can occur because the working en!ironment or conditions themsel!es are unsafe. ;uring last year, 33 accidents ha!e occurred. The percentages of the accidents for the condition combinations are as follows*
Shift Day Evening Graveyard Un safe conditions 5% 6% 2% Human error 32% 25% 30%

#a$ what is the probability that the accident occurred on the gra!e yard shift" #b$ Ahat is the probability that the accident occurred due to human error" #c$ Ahat is the probability that the accident occurred due to unsafe condition" #d$ Ahat is the probability that the accident occurred on either the e!ening or gra!e yard shift" Q22. probability that a mechanic ser!iced ,4,',+,,,- cars on a gi!en day is as follows*
Cars serviced 3 4 5 6 7 8 Percentage chance 12% 19% 28% 24% 10% 7%

#a$ Ahat is the probability that no m more than 4 cars will be ser!iced by the mechanic"

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#b$ Ahat is the probability that he will ser!ice fewer than - cars" #c$ Ahat is the probability that he will ser!ice either Q2 . /ro!e that* /#&0J=0$I 1 K /#&J=$ L /#&$ L /#=$ or 4 cars"

SOLUTION

717

7 13 7

7 11 7

7 12 7

71 7

7 14 7

7 1' 7

7 1+ 7

7 1, 7

7 1- 7

7 11 7

7 23 7

7 21 7

7 22 7

72 7

7 24 7

7 2' 7

7 2+ 7

7 2, 7

7 2- 7

7 21 7

7 37

7 17

7 27

7 47

7 '7

7 +7

7 ,7

7 -7