HNG DN GII BI TP THI XLTHS

Mt s cng thc cn nh v bit cch dng lm bi tp :

- Cng thc Euler : e jx = cos( x) + j sin( x) v e jx = cos( x) j sin( x)
- Cc cng thc quan h gia hm lng gic v hm ex :
e jx
cos( x ) =

e jx
sin( x) =

(1 + e )
jx

e jx + e jx
2
j2x

cos
(
x
)
=
+ 0,5 + 0,25e j 2 x

= 0,25e
2

2
jx
jx
e jx

e e
2
j2x

sin
(
x
)
=
+ 0,5 0,25e j 2 x

= 0,25e
j2
j
2

j 0,5 x
j 0,5 x
e
j 0,5 x
+e

= 2.
= 2. cos(0,5 x).e j 0, 5 x

.e
2

+ e jx
2

(1 e ) = 2 j. e

j 0, 5 x

= 2. sin(0,5 x ).e j ( 0, 50 ,5 x )
.e

2
2
- Cc cng thc lng gic : cos ( x) + sin ( x ) = 1 ; cos 2 ( x) sin 2 ( x) = cos(2 x )
jx

j 0,5 x

e j 0, 5 x
2j

1 + cos( x) = 2 cos 2 (0,5 x)

sin( x) = 2 sin(0,5 x ) cos(0,5 x)

1 cos( x ) = 2 sin 2 (0,5 x )

DI Y HNG DN CCH GII MT S DNG BI TP KH TRONG CNG :

Dng 7. Xc nh cc c trng ph ca tn hiu s dng x( n) = (1) n rect 2 (n)
a. Xc nh hm ph X (e j ) = FT [ x( n)]
b. Xc nh cc hm ph bin X (e j) , ph pha () , mt ph nng lng S x ()
c. Lp bng s liu v v th hm ph bin ri rc X ( k ) 3 = DFT [ x ( n) 3 ] vi [0 , 2]
Gii :
n
a. Xc nh c trng ph ca tn hiu s x (n) = (1) rect 2 ( n) = 1 ; 1

X (e j ) = FT [ x ( n)] = x ( n).e jn = e jn = 1 e j = 1 cos() + j sin()

0

- Hm ph phn thc : Re[ X (e )] = A() = 1 cos()

- Hm ph phn o : Im[ X (e j )] = B () = sin()
b. Xc nh ph bin X (e j) v ph pha ()
j

e j 0, 5 e j 0, 5
X (e j ) = 1 e j = j 2e j 0, 5

j2

j
X (e ) = 2 sin( 0,5
)
- Ph bin :
() = 0,5( )
- Ph pha :

j ( 0 , 5 0 , 5)

= X (e j ) .e (
= 2 sin(0,5).e

- Mt ph nng lng : S x () = X (e j) = 4. sin 2 (0,5)

c. Lp bng s liu, v th ph bin ri rc X ( k ) 3 = DFT [ x ( n) 3 ] vi [0 , 2]
V xc nh c X (e j) nn vic ly bin i Fourier ri rc thun
X (k ) 3 = DFT [ x (n) 3 ] vi [0 , 2] chnh l ri rc ha ph bin vi chu k ri rc tn s
1 = ( 2 / 3) 2,093 (rad) :

X (k ) 3 = X (e j )

X (k ) 3

= 2 sin(0,5 )
= k 1

= 2 , 093 k

1,731 1,733

Do c bng di y v th nh hnh bn.

k
0
1
2
= k1 = 2,093k
0
2,093
4,186

X (k ) 3
0
1,731
1,733
Dng 8. Xc nh cc c tnh tn s ca h x l s c c tnh xung

k
0

h(n) = 0,5 n.rect 2 (n 1)

a. Xc nh hm truyn t phc H (e j ) = FT [ h(n)]

b. Xc nh c tnh bin tn s H (e j) , c tnh pha tn s ()
1

1 2 3 4

c. Lp bng s liu, v th c tnh bin tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [h(n) 5 ] vi

[0 , 2]
Gii :
a. Xc nh hm truyn t phc ca h XLS c :

h(n) = 0,5 n.rect 2 (n 1) = 0 ; 0,5 ; 0,25

H (e j ) = FT [h(n)] = h(n).e jn = 0,5 n .e jn = 0,5.e j + 0,25e j 2

e j 0,5 + e j 0,5
j 2

H (e j ) = 0,5.e j + 0,5e j 2 0,25e j 2 = e j1,5

0,25e
2

H (e j ) = cos(0,5).e j1, 5 0,25e j 2 = [cos(0,5) 0,25e j 0 ,5 ].e j1, 5

H (e j) = [0,75 cos(0,5) + j 0,25 sin( 0,5)].e j1, 5 = H (e j) .e j()

b. Xc nh c tnh bin tn s H (e j) , c tnh pha tn s ()

- c tnh bin tn s H (e j) :
H (e j) =

0,75 2 cos 2 (0,5) + 0,25 2 sin 2 (0,5) =

H (e j) =

Hay :

0,5625 cos 2 (0,5) + 0,0625 sin 2 (0,5)

0,5 cos 2 (0,5) + 0,0625

0,25 sin(0,5)
1,5
0,75 cos(0,5)

- c tnh pha tn s () :

() = Arctg

() = Arctg [0,33.tg (0,5)] 1,5

Hay :
c. Lp bng s liu, v th c tnh bin tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ h(n) 5 ] vi
[0 , 2]

V xc nh c H (e j) nn vic ly bin i Fourier ri rc thun

H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ h( n) 5 ] vi [0 , 2] chnh l ri rc ha c tnh tn s vi chu k ri rc tn s
1 = (2 / 5) 1,256 (rad) :

H ( jk ) 5 = H (e j )

H ( jk )5

0,5 cos 2 (0,5 ) + 0,0625

=
= k 1

= 1, 256 k

Do c bng :
k
0
= k1 = 1,256k
0
H ( jk ) 5
0,75

1
1,256
0,624

2
2,512
0,332

3
3,678
0,332

0,75

0,624

0,624
0,332

4
5,062
0,624

k
0

1 2 3 4

Theo bng trn v c th c tnh bin tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 nh hnh trn.

j (0,5 - 1, 5)

Dng 9. Tng hp h x l s c hm truyn t phc H (e j ) = 3. sin(0,5) e

a. Xc nh hm h thng H(z) v c tnh xung h(n ) ca h.
b. Xc nh dy ph ri rc ca tc ng X ( jk ) 3 = DFT [ x (n) 3 ] , vi x(n) = 2 n rect 2 (n) .
c. Xc nh phn ng y(n) bng cch tnh trc tip tch chp tuyn tnh trong min n.
Gii :
a. Xc nh hm h thng H(z) v c tnh xung h(n) ca h
e j 0, 5 e j 0 , 5 j (0,5 -1, 5)

H (e j ) = 3. sin(0,5) e j (0,5 - 1, 5) = 3.

e
j2

H (e j ) = 1,5. e j 0,5 e j 0,5 .e j 0,5 . e j 0,5 .e j1,5 = 1,5. e j e j 2

H ( jk ) 5

- Hm h thng H(z) : H ( z )
0,25
Hay :

H ( z ) =1,5.z

= H ( e j )

0,2488
e j = z

1,5.z

= 1,5. e j e j 2

= 1,5. z 1 z 2
j

e =z

(vi min hi t : RC[ H ( z )] :

Hm h thng H(z) c cc thc bi bc 2 ti z = 0 < 1 nn h n nh.
0 1 2 3 4

z >0

- c tnh xung h(n) : Vi min hi t : RC[ H ( z )] : z >0 th h(n) l dy nhn qu :

h( n) = IZT [ H ( z )] = 1,5 ( n 1) 1,5 ( n 2) = 0 ; 1,5 ; 1,5

c tnh xung h(n) l dy nhn qu hu hn nn y l h TTBBNQ v l h FIR.

b. Xc nh dy ph ri rc ca tc ng X (k ) 3 = DFT [ x( n) 3 ] , vi x(n) = 2 n rect 2 (n)
Theo cng thc ca bin i Fourier ri rc thun, vi tc ng
x( n) 3 = 2 n rect 2 ( n) = 1 ; 2 ; 0 v chu k ri rc tn s 1 = ( 2 / 3) 2,093 (rad), xc nh c

dy ph ri rc ca tc ng x(n) 3 l:
2

X ( k ) 3 = DFT [ x (n) 3 ] = x(n) 3 .e jk1n = 1 + 2.e jk1 = 1 + 2. cos( k1 ) j 2 sin( k1 )

n =0

- Biu thc dy ph phn thc ri rc : Re[ X (k ) 3 ] = A(k ) 3 = 1 + 2 cos( k1 )

Im[ X ( jk ) 3 ] = B( k ) 3 = 2 sin( k1 )
- Biu thc dy ph phn o ri rc :
Xc nh gi tr c th cc mu ca hm ph ri rc X ( jk )3 = DFT [ x(n) 3 ] nh sau :
j0
- X ( j 0) 3 = 1 + 2 cos(0) j 2 sin(0) = 3 j 0. = 3.e
-

3
2
2
X ( j ) 3 = 1 + 2. cos
j1,732 = 1,732.e j 0,5
j 2 sin
1 2.0,5 j 2.
2
3
3
3
4
4
j1,732 = 1,732.e j 0, 5
- X ( j 2) 3 = 1 + 2. cos
j 2 sin
1 2.0,5 + j 2.
2
3
3
X ( k ) = 3 ; 1,732 ; 1,732

- Dy ph bin ri rc:
3

(
k
)
=
0
;

0
,5 ; 0,5
3
- Dy ph pha ri rc:

C th bin i nhn c biu thc ca dy ph bin v ph pha ri rc nh sau :

e j 0 ,5 k1 + e j 0 ,5 k1
X (k ) 3 = 1 + 2.e jk1 = 2 + 2.e jk1 1 = 4.e j 0 ,5 k1

X (k ) 3 = 4 cos(0,5k1 ).e j 0,5 k1 1 = [4 cos(0,5k1 ) e j 0,5 k1 ].e j 0,5 k1

X (k ) 3 = [3 cos(0,5k1 ) j sin(0,5k1 )].e j 0, 5 k1 = X (k ) 3 .e j( k )3 , trong :

- Biu thc dy ph bin ri rc : Modun[ X (k ) 3 ] = X (k ) 3 = 1 + 8 cos 2 (0,5k1 )

Biu
thc
dy
ph
pha
ri
rc
Arg [ X ( jk ) 3 ] = (k ) 3 = Arctg [ 0,33tg (0,5k1 )] 0,5k1
c. Xc nh phn ng y(n) bng cch tnh trc tip tch chp tuyn tnh trong min n

y ( n) = h( n) * x( n) = h( k )..x( n k ) = h(1).x ( n 1) + h( 2).x( n 2)

n =1

( n 1)

rect 2 ( n 1) 1,5.2 ( n 2 ) rect 2 (n 2)

C th : y ( n) = 1,5.2
- y (0) = 1.5.2 1.rect 2 (1) 1.5.2 2.rect 2 ( 2) = 0 0 = 0
- y (1) = 1.5.2 0.rect 2 (0) 1.5.2 1.rect 2 ( 1) = 1,5 0 = 1,5
- y (2) = 1.5.21.rect 2 (1) 1.5.2 0.rect 2 (0) = 3 1,5 = 1,5
- y (3) = 1.5.2 2.rect 2 ( 2) 1.5.21.rect 2 (1) = 0 3 = 3
- y (4) = 1.5.2 3.rect 2 (3) 1.5.2 2.rect 2 (2) = 0 0 = 0
- y(n) = 0 vi mi n 4 ;
Kt qu : y ( n) = 0 ; 1,5 ; 1,5 ; 3

Tc ng x(n) l dy c di M = 2, c tnh xung h(n) l dy nhn qu c di L = 2 v b gi

tr mt mu, nn phn ng y(n) c di N = (M + L - 1) = (2 + 2 - 1) = 3 v cng b gi tr mt mu.

Dng 10. Phn tch h XLS c c tnh xung h(n) = rect 2 (n). cos(1,047.n )
x ( n) = 2 n .rect 3 (n) .
a. Xc nh dy c tnh tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ h(n) 5 ] = A( k ) 5 + jB (k ) 5
b. Lp bng s liu v v th cc c tnh tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 v (k ) 5 .
c. Xc nh phn ng y(n) bng cch tnh tch chp tuyn tnh qua bin i Z.

v tc ng

Gii :
a. Xc nh dy c tnh tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ h(n) 5 ] = A( k ) 5 + jB (k ) 5
Cch lm tng t nh cu b ca dng 9, ly bin i bin i Fourier ri rc thun c tnh xung
h(n) 5 = rect 2 (n). cos(1,047.n ) = 1 ; 0,5 ; 0 ; 0 ; 0 v chu k ri rc tn s 1 = (2 / 5) 1,256

(rad), xc nh c dy c tnh tn s ri rc ca h XLS h(n) 5 l :

4

H ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ h(n) 5 ] = h(n) 5 .e jk1n = 1 + 0,5.e jk1 = 1 + 0,5. cos( k1 ) j 0,5 sin(
n =0

- Biu thc dy c tnh tn s phn thc ri rc : Re[ H ( jk ) 5 ] = P (k ) 5 = 1 + 0,5 cos( k1 )

- Biu thc dy c tnh tn s phn o ri rc : Im[ H ( jk ) 5 ] = Q(k ) 5 = 0,5 sin( k1 )
Xc nh gi tr c th cc mu ca hm ph ri rc X ( jk ) 5 = DFT [ x(n) 5 ] nh sau :
H ( j 0) 5 = 1 + 0,5 cos(0) j 0,5 sin(0) = 1,5 j 0. = 1,5.e j 0

2
2
j0
H ( j ) 5 = 1 + 0,5. cos
j 2 sin
1 + 0,5.0,309 j 0,5.0,951 1,155 j 0,476 = 1,249.e
5
5
4
4
H ( j 2) 5 = 1 + 0,5. cos
j 0,5 sin
1 0,5.0,809 j 0,5.0,588 0,706 j 0,294 = 0,765
5
5
6
6
H ( j 3) 5 = 1 + 0,5. cos
j 0,5 sin
1 0,5.0,809 + j 0,5.0,588 0,706 + j 0,294 = 0,765.e
5
5
8
8
H ( j 4) 5 = 1 + 0,5. cos
j 0,5 sin
1 + 0,5.0,309 + j 0,5.0,951 1,155 + j 0,476 = 1,249.e
5
5

Dy c tnh tn s phn thc ri rc:

P ( k ) 5 =
1,5 ; 1,155 ; 0,706 ; 0,706 ; 1,155

Dy c tnh tn s phn o ri rc:

Q ( k ) 5 = 0 ; 0,476 ; 0,294 ; 0,294 ; 0,476 :

b. Lp bng s liu v v th cc c tnh tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 v (k ) 5 .

Theo s liu tnh ton mc a. lp c bng :
k
0
1
2
3
4
H ( jk ) 5
1,5
1,249
0,765
0,765
1,249
(k ) 5
0
-0,391
-0,395
0,395
0,391

Theo bng trn v c th cc c tnh tn s ri rc H ( jk ) 5 v (k ) 5 .

C th bin i nhn c biu thc ca dy ph bin v ph pha ri rc nh sau :
e j 0,5 k1 + e j 0,5 k1
H ( jk ) 5 = 1 + 0,5.e jk1 = 0,5 + 0,5 + 0,5.e jk1 = 0,5 + e j 0,5 k1

H ( jk ) 5 = 0,5 + cos(0,5k1 ).e j 0,5k1 = [0,5e j 0,5 k1 + cos(0,5k1 )].e j 0,5 k1

H ( jk ) 5 = [1,5 cos(0,5k1 ) + j 0,5 sin(0,5k1 )].e j 0,5 k1 = H ( jk ) 5 .e j ( k )5 , trong
- Biu thc dy ph bin ri rc : Modun[ H ( jk ) 5 ] = H ( jk ) 5 = 0,25 + 2 cos 2 (0,5k1 )
Arg [ H ( jk ) 5 ] = (k ) 5 = Arctg [ 0,33tg (0,5k1 )] 0,5k1
- Biu thc dy ph pha ri rc :
c. Xc nh phn ng y(n) bng cch tnh tch chp tuyn tnh qua bin i Z
- Xc nh hm h thng H(z) t c tnh xung h( n) = rect 2 (n). cos(1,047.n ) = 1 ; 0,5

( z + 0,5)
z
n =0
RC
[
H
(
z
)]
:
z
>
0
Vi min hi t :
. Hm h thng H(z) c cc thc n ti z = 0 < 1 nn h n nh.
n
- Xc nh hm nh ca tc ng X(z) t dy gc x (n) = 2 .rect 3 (n) = 1 ; 2 ; 4
1

H ( z ) = ZT [h(n)] = h(n).z n = 1 + 0,5.z 1 =

X ( z ) = ZT [ x ( n)] = x (n).z n = 1 + 2 z 1 + 4 z 2 =

(RC[ X ( z )] :

z > 0)

n =0

( z 2 + 2 z + 4)
z2

- Xc nh hm nh ca phn ng Y(z) = X(z).H(z) : V hm nh ca phn ng Y(z) c cc thc

bi bc ba ti z = 0, trnh phi ly o hm n bc bn khi ly bin i Z ngc theo phng php
phn tch Y(z) thnh tng cc phn thc, c th lm nh sau :
Y ( z ) = X ( z ).H ( z ) =( 1 + 2 z 1 + 4 z 2 )(1 + z 1 ) = 1 + 3 z 1 + 6 z 2 + 4 z 3

dy gc ca phn ng y(n) l nhn qu th RC[Y ( z )] : z >0 , s dng bng bin i Z ca cc

dy
nhn
qu
nhn
c
:
y ( n) = IZT [Y ( z )] = ( n) + 3 ( n 1) + 6 ( n 2) + 4 ( n 3) = y xl ( n) + y td ( n)
y ( n) = 2 n rect 3 n) + ( n 1) + 2 (n 2) + 4 (n 3) = y xl (n) + y td (n)
Hay :
Trong thnh phn xc lp c dng ca tc ng : y xl (n) = 2 n rect 3 n)
v cc thnh phn cn li l dao ng t do : y td (n) = (n 1) + 2 (n 2) + 4 (n 3)