2011

Submitted to: Mr. Haroon Waheed

[PAKISTAN RAILWAYS THE LIFE LINE OF THE COUNTRY]

Prepared By: Maria Jawed (9689) Safia bdu! "i" (96#$) Sumaiya %aroo&ui (9'()) Ja*eria Siddi& (++++)

TABLE OF CONTENTS S. # 1.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Topics Executive Summary Pa ista! "ai#$ays % t&e #i'e #i!e o' t&e cou!try
History At Present Organizational Structure Human Resource

Page # 2 (

2.
2.1 2.2 2.3

Pro)#ems 'ace* )y Pa ista! "ai#$ays

Shortage of Locomotives ro!ing "ar#et Share Soaring $u!get %eficit

(.
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

E!teri!g , Co!tracti!g
Organizational &ssues 'ey (lients O% Process )ime * Resources

..
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

/iag!osis o' Pa ista! "ai#$ays

Huge Losses an! $u!get %eficit "ismanagement %ecrease! "ar#et share (orru+tion

+.
,.1 ,.2 ,.3 ,.4 ,.,

Actio! P#a!!i!g
Structural %esign %o-nsizing Reengineering Alliance &ntervention .et-or# &ntervention

11

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Co!c#usio! Bi)#iograp&y

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Organization Development & Change

E2EC3T45E S366A"7
Pa#istan Rail-ays /PR0 is the state o-ne! rail-ay com+any of Pa#istan. &t is a large organization un!er the a!ministration of "inistry of Rail-ays. Pa#istan Rail-ays +rovi!es an im+ortant mo!e of trans+ortation in the farthest corners of the country an! 1rings them closer for 1usiness2 sightseeing2 +ilgrimage an! e!ucation. He current (hairman is Ra3a Shahi! Hussain. Over the +ast many years2 Pa#istan Rail-ays has 1een facing +ro1lems an! is noon the verge of 1an#ru+tcy. 4ith 1u!get !eficit of 1illions2 ero!ing mar#et share an! corru+tion scan!als2 the future of Pa#istan Rail-ays 5 once the life line of the country 5 is grim. At the time of in!e+en!ence2 1oth &n!ia an! Pa#istan2 inherite! the Rail-ay .et-or# lai! !o-n 1y $ritish. 4hile &n!ian Rail-ays has emerge! as a highly +rofita1le organization2 Pa#istan Rail-ays is struggling to #ee+ itself running. )his re+ort summarizes ho- organization !evelo+ment can hel+ Pa#istan Rail-ays revam+ its image an! goo!-ill. &t is 1ase! on facts an! hy+othetical situations create! 1y the grou+ mem1ers to evaluate the a++lica1ility of O% interventions. He !ata is collecte! from various sources inclu!ing 1oo#s2 ne-s+a+er articles an! internet. )he re+ort +rovi!es intro!uction of Pa#istan Rail-ays2 its history2 organizational structure -hich is then follo-e! 1y ho- the conce+ts of entering an! contracting can 1e a++lie! to this case. %iagnosis of the organization has 1een !one -ith the hel+ of !ata collecte! an! hy+othetical situations. $ase! on the !iagnosis2 O% interventions have 1een suggeste! for Pa#istan rail-ays -hich inclu!e techno6 structural interventions an! colla1orative interventions.

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1. PA84STAN "A4L9A7S % T:E L4FE L4NE OF T:E CO3NT"7

1.1 :istory
)he +ossi1ility of 'arachi as a sea +ort -as first notice! in the mi!!le of 17th century. Sir Henry !-ar! 8rere -as a++ointe! (ommissioner of Sin!h after its anne9ation -ith $om1ay in 1:4; an! sought +ermission from Lor! %alhousie to 1egin a survey for a sea +ort. He also initiate! the survey for a rail-ay line in 1:,:. &t -as +ro+ose! that a rail-ay line from 'arachi (ity to 'otri2 steam navigation u+ the &n!us an! (hena1 rivers u+ to "ultan an! from there another rail-ay to Lahore an! 1eyon! 1e constructe!. &t -as on 13 "ay 1:<12 that the first rail-ay line -as o+ene! for +u1lic traffic 1et-een 'arachi (ity an! 'otri2 a !istance of 1=, miles /1<7 #m0. )he line 1et-een 'arachi (ity an! 'eamari -as o+ene! on 1< >une 1::7. %uring 1:7; the line from 'eamari to 'otri -as !ou1le!. )he rail-ay line from Pesha-ar to 'arachi closely follo-s Ale9an!er?s line of march through the Hin!u#ush "ountains to the Ara1ian Sea. %ifferent sections on the e9isting main line from Pesha-ar to Lahore an! "ultan an! 1ranch lines -ere constructe! in the last @uarter of 17th century an! early years of 2=th century. )he four sections2 i.e.2 Scin!e /Sin!h0 Rail-ays2 &n!ian 8lotilla (om+any2 Pun3a1 Rail-ay an! %elhi Rail-ays2 -or#ing in a single com+any2 -ere later on amalgamate! into the Scin!e2 Pun3a1 * %elhi Rail-ays (om+any an! +urchase! 1y the Secretary of State for &n!ia in 1::,2 an! in >anuary 1::<2 it -as name! .orth 4estern State Rail-ays2 -hich -as later on rename! as .orth 4estern Rail-ay. At the time of in!e+en!ence2 1274; route miles /32133 #m0 of .orth 4estern Rail-ays -ere transferre! to &n!ia2 leaving ,2=4: route miles /:2122 #m0 to Pa#istan. &n 17,42 the rail-ay line -as e9ten!e! to "ar!an an! (harsa!a2 an! in 17,< the >aco1a1a!6'ashmore 2 ft < in /;<2 mm0 gauge line -as converte! into 1roa! gauge. &n 17<12 the Pa#istani +ortion of .orth 4estern Rail-ays -as rename! Pa#istan Rail-ays. )he 'ot A!u6'ashmore line -as constructe! 1et-een 17<7 an! 17;3 +rovi!ing an alternative route from 'arachi u+ the country.

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1.2 At Prese!t
At +resent Pa#istan Rail-ay com+rises of :21<3 route #m2 12212 stations an! 42 train halts. &t has a fleet of ,4< !iesel electric locomotives2 2,2:1, -agons an! 22=77 +assenger coaches. "aintenance is +rovi!e! 1y three ma3or locomotive -or#sho+s an! thirty6five smaller -or#sho+s. Signaling facilities at im+ortant stations are trac# circulate! -ithin interloc#ing limits. "ost routes have AH8 ra!io coverage for communication 1et-een train !is+atchers an! trains. )ele+hone (ommunication is over -ire lines an! micro-ave. Pa#istan Rail-ays is multi system an! o+erates on three gauges2 i.e. 1roa! gauge2 meter6gauge an! narrogauge.

1.( Orga!i;atio!a# Structure

"inistry of Rail-ay is res+onsi1le for overall control of Pa#istan Rail-ays as -ell as to gui!e the overall +olicy. )here are four /40 %irectorates in this PR namely A!ministrative %irectorate2 )echnical %irectorate2 Planning %irectorate2 an! 8inance %irectorate. )he follo-ing officers also re+ort !irectly to the Secretary Rail-aysB6 a. Ceneral "anager /O+erations0 1. Ceneral "anagerD"anufacture an! Services c. 8e!eral Covernment &ns+ector of Rail-ays Rail-ay $oar! is the highest 1o!y for technical matters of the Rail-ays an! consists of (hairman an! five "em1ers out of -hich three are from the +rivate sector. Secretary to the Covernment of Pa#istan2 "inistry of Rail-ays is the e96 officio (hairman of Rail-ay $oar! an! the Ceneral "anager2 Rail-ays is the (hief 9ecutive Officer. Organization Structure of Pa#istan Rail-ays is of functional ty+e2 hea!e! 1y C" an! assiste! 1y four A!!l. Ceneral "anagers. Pa#istan Rail-ays at this time is a vertically integrate! organization an! has four 1usiness unitsB 1. &nfrastructure $usiness Enit 2. Passenger $usiness Enit 3. 8reight $usiness Enit 4. "anufacturing an! Services Enit
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1.. :uma! "esource

Pa#istan Rail-ays is the largest civil em+loyer in the country an! has a1out 7=2=== em+loyees consisting of staff an! officers as of 2==:0. ;1F of the total em+loyees are -or#ing in (ivil2 "echanical an! )rans+ortation !e+artments. All the hierarchy +ositions are hel! 1y gra!uate ngineers.

2. P"OBLE6S FACE/ B7 PA84STAN "A4L9A7S

Since 1:<1 -hen the first rail-ay line -as lai! !o-n 1et-een 'arachi an! 'otri2 the e9+ansion of the rail-ay net-or# 1y the $ritish came at a ra+i! +ace u+ until 174;. )he !riving factors for this gro-th -ere strategic an! economic in nature. 8or instance to th-art the Russians from the 4est2 the $ritish 1uilt the 'ho3a# tunnel2 the fourth largest at that time2 in seemingly inaccessi1le areas of $alochistan to reach (haman rail-ay station. $ut after 174;2 little has 1een !one to e9+an! an! maintain this net-or#.

2.1 S&ortage o' Locomotives<

)he Pa#istan Rail-ays has a total of ,4< locomotives 1ut only 27= are on trac# -hile the rest are out of or!er. Similarly2 ;= +er cent carriages are out of service. &n a re+ort su1mitte! to Rail-ay "inistry2 it has 1een !isclose! that as many as ;= locomotives are a-aiting s+ares at Pa#istan Locomotive 8actory2 Risal+ur since 2==4.

2.2 Ero*i!g 6ar et S&are<

Rail-ay sector in Pa#istan has not maintaine! its +osition in the trans+ort sector. )he mar#et share of Pa#istan Rail-ays #e+t on !eclining -ith the +assage of time. 8or e9am+le2 annual +assenger volume carrie! 1y Pa#istan Rail-ays in late 17;=?s -as a++ro9. 14, million2 -hich has come !o-n to ,7 million in 1772D73. )he freight 1usiness -as of PR -as 1, million tons in late 17<=?s 1ut has come !o-n to ; million tons. Roa!s have stea!ily 1ecome the more +referre! form of trans+ortation. An e9am+le of PR?s !eclining mar#et share is that it is moving only 11F of total +etroleum +ro!ucts an! 2F of the total containers. A more +rofessionally manage! an! in!e+en!ent rail-ays have immense gro-th +otential.

2.( Soari!g Bu*get /e'icit<

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)he 1iggest +ro1lem for Pa#istan Rail-ays is the soaring 1u!get !eficit. Although rail-ays are tra!itionally not e9+ecte! to earn +rofit. Ho-ever2 it is legitimate to e9+ect from rail-ays to meet at least o+erational e9+enses. )o!ay Pa#istan Rail-ays -ith Rs.334 1illion lia1ilities is at the verge of 1an#ru+tcy 1ecause of corru+tion2 shortage of locomotives an! losses incurre! !ue to the running e9+enses. Accor!ing to one re+ort Rs 21 1illion is s+ent on -ages an! +ensions every month leaving the !e+artment less or nothing for maintenance of +o-er an! rolling stoc#s. &n the light of a1ove +ro1lems the Rail-ay $oar! !eci!e! to hire e9ternal O% consultants to !esign interventions that can hel+ in turning aroun! the organization into a successful commercial entity.

(. ENTE"4N= , CONT"ACT4N=
A grou+ of four O% +ractitioners has 1een a++roache! 1y the Rail-ay $oar! to hel+ Pa#istan Rail-ays recover from the verge of 1an#ru+tcy. As O% consultants for Pa#istan Rail-ays /PR02 the first an! foremost tas# for us is to un!erstan! the current structure of the organization an! the issues. A meeting -ith the (hairman of Pa#istan Rail-ays2 Ra3a Shahi! Hussain an! other mem1ers of Rail-ay $oar! -as con!ucte! to !iscuss the issues.

(.1 Orga!i;atio!a# 4ssues<

4e con!ucte! meetings -ith the mem1ers of Rail-ay $oar!2 Ceneral "anager Rail-ays2 an! A!!itional Ceneral "anagers of each 1usiness unit of Pa#istan Rail-ay an! foun! out the follo-ing issuesB 6 6 6 6 Huge financial losses %ecrease! mar#et share &nefficient o+erations (orru+tion

(.2 8ey C#ie!ts

&n case of Pa#istan Rail-ays2 our main client is the Rail-ay $oar!. Other im+ortant #ey clients inclu!e C" Rail-ays2 A!!l. C" of each 1usiness unit2 an! re+resentatives from Rail-ay m+loyees Enion2 Rail-ay 4or#sho+ 4or#er?s Enion2 an! Association of Station "asters etc.

(.( O/ Process
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)o fi9 the +ro1lems face! 1y Pa#istan Rail-ays /PR02 -e recommen! the +rocess -ith follo-ing #ey ste+sB 6 6 Se#ecti!g a *esig! team< A team of :61= in!ivi!uals -ill 1e selecte! -hich -ill inclu!e #ey +olicy ma#ers for Pa#istan Rail-ays2 re+resentatives from various functional areas of the organization an! -or#er?s unions. /iag!osi!g< Once the team is selecte! a 3oint !iagnosis of the organization -ill 1e con!ucte! -hich -ill inclu!e un!erstan!ing organization?s current strength an! -ea#nesses2 gro-th o++ortunities2 organization culture an! values etc. Actio! P#a!!i!g< )he first #ey out+ut of the team is a , year action +lan that !escri1es -here Pa#istan Rail-ay shoul! move to2 #ey activities an! milestones2 assigne! res+onsi1ilitiesDaccounta1ilities for those activities2 an! contingenciesDassum+tions that nee! to 1e monitore!. 4mp#eme!tatio!> 6o!itori!g , Eva#uatio!< As the +lan is im+lemente!2 ne- information2 changes in the environment an! other issues al-ays arise that nee! a!3ustment. &n this +hase the O% consultants along -ith the !esign team -ill monitor the im+lementations an! collect fee!1ac# to evaluate -hether action +lan is on trac# or not an! -ill fi9 any !eviations. Also !esign team -ill con!uct formal evaluation +rocesses an! !iscuss their learning a1out organization structure an! change.

(.. Time , "esources

As O% consultants2 -e -ill +rovi!e consultancy services u+ to an! inclu!ing !evelo+ment of action +lan. A!!itional time 1eyon! that time can 1e contracte!. A+art from the consultancy fee Pa#istan Rail-ays -ill also 1e res+onsi1le for all the !irect e9+enses inclu!ing airfares2 hotels2 etc. for the research. )he com+lete +rocess inclu!ing !iagnosis an! !evelo+ment of action +lan might ta#e si9 to eight months su13ect toB 6 6 6 6 Access to #ey information an! +eo+le. (ommitment from PR management Access to sensitive information li#e HR recor!s2 PR +olicies2 PR contracts etc. Prom+t res+onseDfee!1ac# from #ey clients.

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.. /4A=NOS4S OF PA84STAN "A4L9A7S

&n or!er to carry out a !etaile! !iagnosis of Pa#istan Rail-ays2 the O% (onsultants along -ith the !esign team gather the #ey information throughB 6 6 6 6 Guestionnaires &ntervie-s O1servations Eno1trusive measures

)he !ata collecte! hel+ us in i!entifying the root causes 1ehin! the +ro1lems face! 1y Pa#istan rail-ays. Since the overall organization is facing +ro1lems2 the !iagnosis is carrie! out at organizational level. )he fin!ings of !iagnosis are !iscusse! in !etaile! as 1elo-B

..1 :uge Losses , Bu*get /e'icit

)he reason for this loss is the +resence of unnecessary !e+artments -hich are -hite ele+hant for Pa#istan Rail-ays. )he 1iggest among those is the Rail-ays Police that ta#es over Rs 1., 1illion inclu!ing emoluments an! other facilities follo-e! 1y Stores an! Purchase. )hese !e+artments shoul! 1e a1olishe! from Rail-ays -ithout further !elay. )heir utility for rail-ays is marginal at 1est. )he Au!it an! Accounts2 Rail-ays 4or#sho+s %ivision2 an! Ceneral A!ministration staff nee! !rastic cuts. )hese organizations are heavily overstaffe!. &f they -ill continue to ignore the +resence of non6+ro!uctive over staffe! !e+artments -ith very insignificant contri1ution in overall +erformance of Pa#istan Rail-ays2 the !e+artment -ill continue to !ecline. &t shall never 1e in a +osition to meet the e9+ectations of +u1lic. Rail-ays are o+erating at lo- rates. A fle9i1le +olicy for rates an! fare re@uires to 1e a!o+te! -here1y freight rates coul! 1e varie! accor!ing to the ty+e of commo!ities as -ell as !irection.

..2 6isma!ageme!t
(urrently Pa#istan Rail-ays is facing acute shortage of locomotives an! s+are +arts for maintenance of out of service locomotives. Since in!e+en!ence little has 1een !one to e9+an! the rail-ay net-or# in Pa#istan. As +er the re+orts com+ile! 1y the !esign team2 Pa#istan Rail-ays nee! 4= 5 ,= locomotives annually to run its o+erations effectively. Ho-ever2 !uring the +ast t-o !eca!es only 1==

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locomotives have 1een a!!e!. )he management of PR has faile! to generate revenues through use of assets li#e lan!2 locomotive factory2 carriage factory etc. )he focus of Rail-ay officials is on getting ne- locomotives -hile ignoring the im+rovement in o+erations an! maintenance of e9isting locomotives. )he +lans to change 1roa! gauge into stan!ar! gauge at this stage are not 3ust costly 1ut also unnecessary.

..( /ecrease* 6ar et S&are

Over the years2 Pa#istan Rail-ays coul! not maintain its share in the country?s trans+ort sector. 4ith Rail-ay ministry shutting !o-n o+erations of various trains2 it is no -on!er that the mar#et share of Pa#istan Rail-ays in cargo trans+ort has fall to mere ,F from ;,F in 17<=s an! 17;=s. Aroun! the -orl!2 rail-ays are the chea+est an! safest mo!e of trans+ort an! ma3ority of goo!s trans+ort is carrie! out via rail-ays. Ho-ever2 in Pa#istan the situation is com+letely !ifferent. )he in!ifferent attitu!e of various governments2 !irect com+etition from .L(2 container mafia an! 1us mafia are all 1ehin! the !rastic con!ition of Pa#istan Rail-ays to!ay. Rail-ays an! .L( nee! to coor!inate their o+eration an! also com+ete in their o+erations to economize on the inter 5 mo!al movement of goo!s traffic. )he Rail-ay shoul! carry goo!s in 1ul# in the +lains2 -hile .L( an! +rivate roa! trans+ort shoul! ta#e over further !istri1ution from these +oints in to the hilly regions. )his -ill hel+ the rail-ay to concentrate its resources of locomotives an! -agons on the main line in the +lains2 after -ith!ra-ing them from the hilly regions. )his is in fact the 1est an! most economical rail roa! mi9 for the country.

... Corruptio!
(orru+tion is the 1iggest +ro1lem Pa#istan Rail-ays is facing to!ay. )he Rail-ay %e+artment has 1een suffering losses since years long. (ontractor system is one of the causes of such losses. "oreover2 there are enormous irregularities in local +urchases. )he num1er of officers? ca!re has increase! consi!era1ly since 17;;2 mostly !ue to +olitical a++ointments. &t has 1een reveale! that the crises are self generate! creating a s+ace for more corru+tion an! PRA(S6Pa#istan Rail-ays A!visory (ommute Services is res+onsi1le for this mess. Selective services have 1een +rivatize! 1y allotting its contract to !ifferent +rivate +arties to o+erate those +rivatize! trains. &ronically the contract has 1een a-ar!e! only for tic#eting an! li#e 1uss con!uctors those +rivate firms after selling out the tic#et !e+osits +ayments into the Rail-ays account. As +er agreement after
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!e!ucting its commission the contractors are legally 1oun! to !e+osit the fun!s into the Rail-ay account 1ut !ue to the ne9uses 1et-een Rail-ays 1osses an! +rivate contractors !e+osit the fun!s in +rivate accounts. )his illegal +ractice has confronte! Rail-ays -ith financial crunch -here as the officials of Rail-ays are least 1othere! for the interest of Pa#istan. Some Rail-ays circles insist that Pa#istan Rail-ays is still a via1le an! +rogressive organization2 +rovi!e! the ram+ant corru+tion coul! 1e controlle!. &n short Pa#istan Rail-ays is a classic e9am+le of 1a! governance2 +oor +olicies2 corru+tion an! mismanagement.

+. ACT4ON PLANN4N=
After a careful !iagnosis2 the results -ere fee!1ac# to the main clients. Several meetings -ere con!ucte! -ith #ey clients to !etermine the ty+e of O% interventions that -ill most a++ro+riately suit the nee!s of Pa#istan Rail-ays. )he clients an! consultants 3ointly agree that Pa#istan Rail-ays nee! a mi9ture of techno6structural an! colla1orative interventions to recover from the current crisis.

+.1 Structura# /esig!

Pa#istan Rail-ays is a vertically integrate! highly 1ureaucratic organization. )he current organizational structure is a mi9ture of functional an! !ivisional structures. )he +ositions are !ivi!e! into four classesB 6 6 6 6 Officer (a!re Station "asters Running Staff (lass 8our com+rises of la1ors2 signal o+erators etc.

)he structure nee!s to 1e revam+e! into a more leaner an! fle9i1le one. A com1ination of !ivisional an! net-or# structure -ill 1e most a++ro+riate for Pa#istan rail-ays. )he PR management can retain the structure 1ase! on current !ivisions an! create a net-or# of these !ivisions for 1etter management of o+erations an! resources.

+.2 /o$!si;i!g
)he Pa#istan Rail-ays is an over staffe! organization. Political a++ointments over the years have a!!e! to the +ro1lem an! are the ma3or reason 1ehin! organization?s financial trou1les. %e+artments li#e Rail-ay Police2 Stores *
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Purchase nee! to 1e a1olishe!. Other over staffe! !e+artments li#e Au!it * Accounts2 Ceneral A!ministration etc. nee! !rastic cuts in -or#force. 8or successful im+lementation of !o-nsizing2 the PR management must follo- the follo-ing ste+sB 6 6 6 6 (larify organization?s strategy to its mem1ers an! +rovi!e am+le o++ortunities for them to voice their concerns as# @uestions an! o1tain counseling. &n case of PR2 the structural change -ill hel+ in eliminating unnecessary layers2 merge units an! non +ro!uctive staff can 1e re!uce! through layoffs an! 1uyout +ac#ages. 4hile im+lementing metho!s of !o-nsizing2 management shoul! use a to+ !o-n a++roach. &t shoul! target inefficient an! high cost areas. 'ee+ +eo+le informe! throughout the +rocess a1out restructuring activities. A!!ress the nee!s of survivors an! those -ho leave to hel+ them overcome the stress of structural changes.

+.( "ee!gi!eeri!g
Pa#istan Rail-ays have great +otential for gro-th. Ho-ever2 the current +rocess an! technology !oes not +rovi!e much room for im+lementing gro-th strategies. Pa#istan Rail-ays can im+rove the +erformance of its various functions an! !e+artment through +ro+er use of information technology. )he areas -here information technology can +lay a vital role inclu!eB 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Seat Reservations 8reight "anagement Asset "anagement )rac# "anagement Rolling stoc# inventory lectric $illing )imeta1le

%uring !iagnosis many mem1ers of Pa#istan Rail-ays suggeste! that the organization shoul! 1e +rivatize! li#e P)(L to im+rove +erformance efficiency. Ho-ever2 research suggeste! that #ey state o-ne! enter+rises li#e Rail-ays2 Airlines2 an! Roa! )rans+ort etc. shoul! remaine! +u1lically o-ne! for the overall 1enefit of the customers. Ho-ever2 Pa#istan Rail-ays can +rivatize some of its units li#e )he Locomotive 8actory2 )he (arriage 8actory an! other large manufacturing units.
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+.. A##ia!ce 4!terve!tio!s

A+art from techno6structural interventions2 Pa#istan Rail-ays can ma#e goo! use of colla1orative interventions to im+rove +ro!uctivity. &nstea! of hiring information technology an! !ata1ase e9+erts2 Pa#istan Rail-ays can create an alliance -ith .ational %ata1ase * Registration Authority /.A%RA0 for !evelo+ing )rac# "anagement an! Seat Reservation Systems. Similarly Pa#istan Rail-ays can create alliance -ith (hina Rail-ay ngineering (or+oration /(R (0 for e9+ansion of rail-ay trac#s in Pa#istan.

+.+ Net$or 4!terve!tio!s

4ith the hel+ of Pu1lic6Private Partnershi+2 Pa#istan Rail-ays can create net-or#s to o+erate some of its route for +rivatize! trains. 8or creating such a net-or#2 PR can call for a +rivate investor?s convention an! 1rief those a1out the availa1le o++ortunities select the organizations that can fit in the net-or# 1est an! im+lement net-or#ing strategies an! evaluate the +erformance of net-or#s +erio!ically. 8or small routes Automatic )rain O+eration System can 1e im+lemente! 1y creating a net-or# of Pa#istan Rail-ays -ith ES Ceneral Rail-ay Signal (or+oration /CRS02 E' 4esting House an! Siemens Cermany.

-. CONCL3S4ON
4ith gro-ing interest in the !evelo+ment of )rans6Asian rail lin#s2 one might thin# that Pa#istan Rail-ays has a +romising future. Ho-ever2 the Rail-ay "inistry2 the Rail-ay $oar! an! all the relevant agencies have to +lay their role to return Pa#istan Rail-ays to its glorious !ays. $efore allocating any further fun!s to 1ail out the organization2 government shoul! force the management to un!ergo vast structural changes as recommen!e! 1y O% consultants in this re+ort. )hese changes can 1e im+lemente! -ithin a +erio! of 3 5 , years an! once the changes have 1een ma!e an! evaluate! then ne- investment +lans can 1e ma!e.

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B4BL4O="AP:7
6 Organization %evelo+ment * (hange 5 :th !ition 1y (ummings * 4orley. 6 ---.+a#rail.com 6 ---.rail-aygazette.com 6 ---.-i#i+e!ia.com 6 ---.+a#istaniat.com 6 Article H(orru+tion in Pa#istan Rail-aysI +u1lishe! in Pu#htoonistan Cazette on 8ri!ay2 2< .ovem1er2 2=1= 6 htt+BDD+a#1stanfirst.comD2=11=22,323<D+a#istanDeconomyDfi9ing6 +a#istan6rail-ays.html 6 Aarious articles an! e!itorials +u1lishe! in %aily %a-n an! )he .ation from >uly 2=1= 5 "arch 2=11 6 htt+BDD---.+rivatisation.gov.+#D)rans+ortDPa#istanF2=Rail-ays.htm

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