DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

RIPHAH INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

ETHICS
WORD ETHICS IS DERIVED FROM ETHOS WHICH IS GREEK WORD AND IT MEAN
CUSTOM OR HABIT.

APPLIED DEFINITION
THE NORMATIVE SCIENCE OF THE CONDUCT OF HUMAN BEINGS LIVING IN
SOCIETES A SCIENCE WHICH JUDGES THIS CONDUCT TO BE RIGHT OR WRONG,
TO BE GOOD OR BAD,OR IN SOME SIMILAR WAY.
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION
ETHI CS
WORD MORALITY IS DERIVED FROM A LATIN WORD MORES WHICH MEAN CUSTOMS
OR MANNER.
APPLIED DEFINITION
SET OF BELIEFS & PRACTICES ABOUT HOW TO LIVE A GOOD LIFE.
MORALI TY
LINGUISTIC DEFINITION
ETHICS THEORY

MORALITY PRACTICE


DIFFERENC BETWEEN ETHICS & MORALITY
NORMATIVE SCIENCES
DESCRIPTIVE OR POSITIVE SCIENCES
THE SCIENCES WHICH ARE STUDIED IN THE LABORATORIES OF OUR UNIVERSITIES
ARE DESCRIPTIVE OR POSITIVE SCIENCES.
A GROUP OF SCIENCES WHICH DEALS WITH THE STANDERD S OR RULES OR NORMS
OR CRITERIA BY WHICH WE JUDGE CERTAIN OBJECTS SYSTEMATICALLY ARE CALLED
NORMATIVE SCIENCES.
SCIENCES WHICH DEALS WITH HUMAN CONDUCT
MORAL
SCIENCES
SOCIALOGY
SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
TYPES OF ETHICS
META ETHICS: TALKS ABOUT THE NATURE OF ETHICS
AND MORAL REASONING.
NORMATIVE ETHICS: THIS TYPE IS INTERESTED IN DE-
TERMINING THE CONTENT OF OUR MORAL BEHAVIOUR.
APPLIED ETHICS: IS THE APPLICATION OF MORAL THEORIES
TO PRACTICAL MORAL PROBLEMS.
DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICS
THREE PERIODS
THE GREEK PERIOD/PERIOD OF CITY STATE;
THE SOPHISTS (MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGSPYTHAGORAS)
SOCRATES (VIRTUE IS KNOWLEDGE)
PLATO & ARISTOTALE
EPICUREANS
MEDIEVAL PERIOD/PERIOD OF THE CHURCH;
SPREAD OF CHRISCHIANITY
CHURCH GOT THE AUTHORITY
MODERN PERIOD/PERIOD OF THE FREE INDIVIDUAL;
15
TH
& 16
TH
CENTURY -CHUCRH LOST ITS AUTHORITY
RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION
* egoism
* hedonism
* naturalism and virtue theory
* existentialism
* Kantianism
* utilitarianism
* contractualism
* religion.