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SAP AG 2007 / 0

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What Time Is It Where


You Are? Best Practices
for Managing Global SAP
Systems Running on
Different Time Zones
Alexander Davidenkoff
SAP AG

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Motivation and overview of time zones

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User-related time zone approach

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Object-related time zone approach

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Customized time zone developments

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Wrap-up

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Date and Time Depends Where You Are on the Globe

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UTC

What time and date is it?

31 Oct 2007, 23:37:54

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Which day is today?

It is Oct 31 (UK)

It is Nov 1 (DE)

It is 07h 37m 54s

It is Oct 31

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Which year?

So, it is 00h 37m 54s

It is 05h 07m 54s

2007
Which day is
today?
DST applies!

So, it is 15h 37m 54s

It is Nov 1

Which day is today?

It is Oct 31

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DST applies
It is 09 h 37m 54s

DST applies
UTC = Universal Time Coordinated
DST = Daylight Saving Time

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So, it is 18h 37m 54s

SAP AG 2007 / 3

Requirements for an IT Solution Serving a Global Company

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The solution must support global business practices
Global reporting, consolidation
Global process definition

The solution must allow for local requirements


Tax calculation, accounting rules, financial reporting standards
Payroll (taking into account local tax and social insurance)

The solution must be usable across regions


Local calendars and time zones must be handled
Use of multiple currencies

The data must be usable around the world


Text descriptions of data must be language dependent
Translation process must be supported
All types of character sets/languages must be supported
Date and time should be correct for end users

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SAP AG 2007 / 4

Motivation for Time Zones

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More and more customers are implementing a global solution
Several topics are always visible

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Language support: (e.g., How to handle these fancy scripts for Asia?)

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Unicode support

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Localization: (e.g., How to support local requirements like chart of


account?)

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And:
How to handle systems running on multiple time zones?

Topics to discuss regarding time zones


System availability/maintenance
Application-related topics
Correct date and time for end user
Posting period
Detailed scheduling and tracking, ...

Support organization with 24x7 for end users


SAP AG 2007 / 5

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Example SAP ESS/MSS Team Calendar: Is the Date Correct?

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ESS/MSS
Test CompanyApplication

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Todays date: Local or
Global Universal Time
Coordinated (UTC)?

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What is displayed for user at 9 am in Sydney (UTC+10)


if server is in London (UTC)?

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SAP AG 2007 / 6

Time Zones

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Time zones are important attributes of
Application objects (customers, vendors, plants, companies, )
Events (scheduling, tracking, period determination, ... )

Time zone related functionality of Basis system


Unification and serialization of system events

Logistics
Scheduling and tracking of business events
Shipping and transport, stock movements, service calls

Financials
Determination of posting dates (resulting in posting periods)

Organizational Issue:
End-user support around the world

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SAP AG 2007 / 7

Time Zone Definitions

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Operating System Time
Time zone is defined within the user settings
Environment variable TZ under Unix
This time zone setting also defines daylight saving time
- Time does not need to be adjusted

Database and <sid>adm must use the same time zone

System Time Zone


Need to be identical with operating system time
The system time zone is set within the IMG

User Time Zone


Defines the time zone, where the user is located
The user time zone is set within the user defaults (address)

Business Object Time Zone


Business objects do have time zone as attribute

Default Time Zone


Is used for business objects if no time zone is defined

SAP AG 2007 / 8

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Technical Basis Environment

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The SAP Basis/Web Application Server (WAS)/SAP NetWeaver system is
always using system time
All Basis services such as

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Batch processing
Update requests
Syslog message
Change document

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Example: The end user needs to calculate system time to schedule a batch job

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Exception: Transaction SP01 (display spool requests) is using user time


instead of system time (and as of SAP R/3 Enterprise some more system
transactions are exceptions)

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All system processes that are active in the SAP system (all application
servers database [DB], DB listener, etc.), must have the same time zones
Also relevant to the system time are discussions about system availability,
downtime, maintenance
Interfaces to systems in other time zones handled individually

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SAP AG 2007 / 9

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Motivation and overview of time zones

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User-related time zone approach

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Object-related time zone approach

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Customized time zone developments


Wrap-up

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Time Zone Functionality: User-Related Approach

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Date and time in wall-clock format
Problem: (e.g., The posting day should be in the right period)
No time zone information by default

Proposed and default date/time calculated in user date/time


Should no longer refer to the system date/time
(location of database server)
Have to refer to the local date/time at location of the user
User can change the date/time information in user profile

Constraints for date/time

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Have to refer to the local date and time instead of system date
and time

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Should be handled uniquely (i.e., no mix of user-related and


system time approach)

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SAP AG 2007 / 11

Configuration in SAP NetWeaver ABAP

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Time zone settings defined
within the IMG
System time zone will be set
This time must match
operating system

Default time zone is used for


users/objects without time
zone settings
Time zone for user is
defined in the user address
Will be maintained by end
user

Functionality used for


proposals
Recommended to run a
unique approach (i.e., if user
time zone is applied,
maintain it for all users)

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SAP AG 2007 / 12

User Settings in SAP NetWeaver ABAP

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Activates
time zone
settings

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SAP AG 2007 / 13

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Shows user and


system time
zone in
transaction SU3

Time Zone in SYSTEM STATUS

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Shows user
time zone in
any
application
or
transaction

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SAP AG 2007 / 14

Time Zone Functionality: User Settings in Java/Portal

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Local time zone in SAP
NetWeaver Portal User
Profile

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SAP AG 2007 / 15

Time Zone Functionality: User-Related Approach in FI

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FI posting without time zone
setting for the end user

User time zone changed to New


Zealand time

Proposal for posting date is equal


to system date

Proposal for posting date is


given in New Zealand time

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SAP AG 2007 / 16

Example: FI Documents with Time Zones Enabled

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Purpose
This scenario describes the contents of date fields on the FI
document when the time zone function is enabled in the system
(DST = Daylight Saving Time)

Scenario
System Time Zone =

EST (New York) (no DST = UTC-5)

User Time Zone =

UTC+10

(e.g., Australia)

User Company Code = 4100


Date and Time of Document Posting:
User date/time =

13.11.05/09:47:06

System date/time =

12.11.05/18:47:06

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(system time+15 h)

Result
When the time zone function is enabled in the system, default dates at
the time of data entry are based on the users time zone, not the
system date
The Entry date and Time of entry fields in the accounting document
header receive the system date and time (table BKPF)
SAP AG 2007 / 17

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Example: FI Scenario Period End Procedures

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Purpose
This topic discusses the implications of the fiscal period end for a
corporation or companies with plants located in multiple time zones

Scenario
You may have one or both of the following situations:

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1. Companies located in multiple time zones

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2. Separate entities within a corporation (for example, with plants that are
located in separate time zones)

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Result

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FI close period
The FI posting periods are determined by the fiscal year variant
associated with the company code. You can open/close posting periods
based on a company codes local time if you have a unique fiscal year
variant defined for each company code. Authorizations can be used to
prevent unwanted postings into open periods other than the current
period.

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SAP AG 2007 / 18

Customizing of Company Code via SAP IMG

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Customizing
node for
company
code

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SAP AG 2007 / 19

Company Code Address with Time Zone

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Maintenance screen for
the address of a company
code with field for
the time zone

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SAP AG 2007 / 20

Time Zones in SAP NetWeaver BI

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The local time is customized by transaction STZAC

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If the user time zone differs from the system time zone, you
can see this in the system status (or transaction SU01):

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User is assigned
to CET (Central
European Time)
User is assigned
to EST (Eastern
Standard Time)

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SAP AG 2007 / 21

Time Stamps for User Time Zone in SAP NetWeaver BI

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All SAP NetWeaver BI monitors display timestamps regarding the
user time zone:
RSD1

Cube
administrator

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Monitor
details

Monitor

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SAP AG 2007 / 22

Time Stamps for System Time in SAP NetWeaver BI

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Basis monitors display timestamps regarding the system time:
ST22 Dump Analysis

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SM21 system log

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SAP AG 2007 / 23

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Motivation and overview of time zones

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User-related time zone approach

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Object-related time zone approach

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Customized time zone developments

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Wrap-up

Time Zone Functionality: Object-Related Approach

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Time zone in logistics should reflect business object location
Time zone as attribute of a business object ...

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Plant
Warehouse

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Customer
User

Time critical functions in logistics should consider day, time, and


time zones
Scheduling of movements

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Sales and distribution


Warehousing and shipping
Stock movements

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Tracking
Transportation

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Service management
Customer calls/call centers
SAP AG 2007 / 25

Example Scenario Without Time Zone Handling ...

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Plant
Eastern Europe
(UTC + 2)

Object view
Store
Central Europe
(UTC + 1)

Customer
Americas
(UTC - 8)

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Production time:
8:00 PM

Store-in time:
7:30 PM
Delivery time:
8:00 PM

Database view
SAP AG 2007 / 26

Arrival time:
7:00 PM
Arrives before
produced!

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... With Time Zone Functionality: Object-Related Approach

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Plant
Eastern Europe (UTC + 2)
Production time:
8:00 PM

Object view

Customer
Americas (UTC - 8)

Store

Arrival time:
7:00 PM

Central Europe (UTC + 1)


Store-in time:
Delivery time:
7:30 PM
8:00 PM

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Production time:
6:00 PM

Store-in time:
6:30 PM
Delivery time:
7:00 PM

Arrival time:
3:00 AM

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(UTC)

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Database view
SAP AG 2007 / 27

IMG Customizing of Business Object Address

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Customizing
of plant data

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SAP AG 2007 / 28

Example: Plant Maintenance

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Customizing
of plant
address

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SAP AG 2007 / 29

Time Zone of Address


Maintenance screen for
the address of a plant
with field for the time zone

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SAP AG 2007 / 30

Same Concept for All Objects with Addresses

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Financial Accounting

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Company code

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Logistics General
Locations

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Plants

Sales and distribution

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Sales organizations
Sales office

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Materials Management

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Storage locations (can have several addresses)

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Logistics eExecution
Transportation planning point

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Customer

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...

SAP AG 2007 / 31

Distribution of Time Zones from SAP ERP to SCM (APO)

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Location Type Production Plant

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Data transfer from the R/3 production plant

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Custom izing: Plant

M aster data: Location

Plant

1000

Location

1000

Plant Ham burg

Nam e

Plant Ham burg

Loc.type

1001

Production plant

Street

Alsterstr. 13

Town

22222 Ham burg

General

Address

Street

Alsterstr. 13

Country DE Germ any

Town

22222 Ham burg

Region 02

Country DE Germ any

Hamburg

Tim e zone

CET

Language

Germ an

SAP AG 2001

SAP AG 2007 / 32

Region 02

Hamburg

Tim e zone

CET

Language

Germ an

APO
Time zone to
be maintained
in SAP R/3 for
use in Supply
Chain
Management
(SCM)/Advanced
Planning and
Optimization
(APO)

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Time Zones in CRM: Object-Related Approach


Overview over
date profile in the CRM*
One-Order Framework
functionality

Date Profile
Duration

Mandatory

CRM transaction
types

z Mandatory:
Number value
Time unit (e.g., 4 days)

Date
format

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z Date rules

Assigned
to

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Reference
Object
z Only by having a

Mandatory

reference object
at certain time
can become local

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CRM item
categories

z Master data of possible


reference objects
(business partner, user)
must contain time zone

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*CRM = Customer Relationship Management


SAP AG 2007 / 33

Time Zones in CRM: Object-Related Approach (cont.)

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Date management is possible at header and item levels
IMG Customer Relationship Management Basic Functions
Date Management Assign Date Profile to Transaction Type or
Assign Date Profile to Item Category

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HEADER

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Assign to
ITEM

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Date
profile

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Assign to

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SAP AG 2007 / 34

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Motivation and overview of time zones

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User-related time zone approach

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Object-related time zone approach

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Customized time zone developments

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Wrap-up

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Time Zone Definition

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Set of rules that dictates the offset of the users local time from
UTC

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Time Zone

Time zone includes


Time Zone rule
Offset to Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT) or
Universal Time Coordinate (UTC)

Daylight saving time definition

DST rule

DST variable rules

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Fixed DST rule

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Internal and external representation


String of six characters to identify the time zone (e.g., two time zones
for Central Europe: One using daylight saving time, the second not
using it)

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SAP AG 2007 / 36

Time Zone Examples (Customizing)

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List of all defined time
zones in SAP Customizing.
New time zones can be added
with own names.

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SAP AG 2007 / 37

ABAP DDIC Definitions for Time Zones

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Field for Timestamp: TSTMP (DEC 15 Internal P (8: Short/11 Long))
Field for Time zone: TZONE ((CHAR 6) Internal C (6))
Customizing tables
TTZCU: Customizing Time Zones
TTZD: DST rules
TTZDF: DST (fixed annual rules)
TTZDV: DST (variable rules)
TTZR: Time Zone rules
TTZZ: Time Zones

System fields
SYST-TSTUT
Time Stamp

SYST-DATUM/SYST-UZEIT
System date and time

SYST-DATLO/SYST-TIMLO
System time converted into users time zone

SAP AG 2007 / 38

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Time Zones Customizing Transactions

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Main Time Zones Customizing Transactions
(T-Codes)
T-Code

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Description

STZAC

Maintain time zone Customizing

STZAD

Display time zone Customizing

STZBC

Maintain time zone basis Customizing

STZBD

Display time zone basis Customizing

STZGC

Maintain geographic time zone Customizing

STZGD

Display geographic time zone Customizing

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SAP AG 2007 / 39

Time Zones ABAP Library for Own Development (Selection)

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TZ_UTIL (Function Group) Time Zone Utilities
TZON_CHECK_TIMEZONE
TZON_GET_TIMEZONE_TEXT
TZON_GET_USER_TIMEZONE

TZN0 (Function Group) Time Zones


TZ_CONVERT_FROM_INT4
TZ_CONVERT_TO_INT4
TZ_GLOBAL_TO_LOCAL
TZ_LOCAL_TO_GLOBAL
TZ_LOCAL_TO_SYSTEM
TZ_LOCATION_SYSTEMCLOCK
TZ_LOCATION_TIMEZONE
TZ_SYSTEM_GET_TZONE
TZ_SYSTEM_TO_LOCAL
TZ_USER_SYSTEMCLOCK
TZ_USER_WORKAREA_INIT
TZ_UTC_SYSTEMCLOCK

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SAP AG 2007 / 40

Example: TZ_LOCAL_TO_SYSTEM (System in CET)

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Example for ABAP
function that
converts local time
to system time

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SAP AG 2007 / 41

ABAP Commands

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CONVERT
CONVERT TIMESTAMP f1
TIME f4

TIMEZONE f2

INTO

DATE f3

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See help in ABAP

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WRITE

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Output of time Stamp


WRITE
f1
TIMEZONE f2

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Output of time Stamp (only date)


WRITE
f1
TIMEZONE f2

AS DATE

Output of time Stamp (only time)


WRITE
f1
TIMEZONE f2

AS TIME

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SAP AG 2007 / 42

How to Test Time Zone Developments

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Run tests with client and server within different time zones
Run tests with different parties involved in the scenario (plant,
customer, processor, ) and locate these parties in different
time zones
Run tests (entering/processing time dependent data) and set the
local time of the server within duplicate hour at end of DST
(switching date from/to DST)
Run tests entering time dependent data. Choose legal and illegal
timepoints as well as time durations that touch.
The duplicate hour at the end of DST
The missing hour at the beginning of DST

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SAP AG 2007 / 43

Useful Test Time Points (Switch from/to DST)

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in Germany

in Australia
NSW Sydney
(New South
Wales)

Within duplicate hour

Within missing hour

27 September 1981, 2:11 local time


26 September 1993, 2:13 local time
29 October 2006, 2:15 local time
28 October 2007, 2:17 local time
26 October 2008, 2:19 local time

29 March 1981, 2:01 local time


28 March 1993, 2:03 local time
26 March 2006, 2:05 local time
25 March 2007, 2:07 local time
30 March 2008, 2:09 local time

1 March 1981, 2:11 local time


7 March 1993, 2:13 local time
2 April 2006, 2:15 local time
25 March 2007, 2:17 local time
30 March 2008, 2:19 local time

25 October 1981, 2:01 local time


31 October 1993, 2:03 local time
29 October 2006, 2:05 local time
28 October 2007, 2:07 local time
26 October 2008, 2:09 local time

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SAP AG 2007 / 44

Switch to/from DST

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In a global system use time zone of the majority of users
Switch from winter to summer time (DST)
Generally no problem for duplicate timestamps, etc.
Possibly batch jobs and background jobs must be rescheduled

Switch from summer (DST) to winter time:


2 hours downtime to be planned during switch from summer to
winter time (double hour problem, could lead to duplicate
timestamps)
Up from Basis 6.40 a slowdown of SAP kernel possible so that
only one hour consumed for two real hours
Check is needed if application supports this mechanism
More information in SAP Notes 102088 and 7417 and references

If no downtime acceptable:
Operate a global system in UTC without DST!

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SAP AG 2007 / 45

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Motivation and overview of time zones

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User-related time zone approach

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Object-related time zone approach

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Customized time zone developments


Wrap-up

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Date and Time in SAP Systems

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The system needs to know
Correct UTC time or
Time zone, date, and time
to convert properly between
universal time and local time
When using a local point in time,
when changing from summer time to
winter time, an indicator is needed during
the duplicate hour

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For each date and time value, it should be clear


whether it is represented in
Local time,
Global time (UTC),
Independent of time zone (e.g., server time)

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SAP AG 2007 / 47

Time Zone Functionality (Mostly) Implemented

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User-related time zone approach
Mostly being used for financial applications
Being used for Basis system transaction spool display (SP01)
and up from SAP R/3 Enterprise in a few more system transactions

Object-related time zone approach

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Being used for logistics applications

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Some functionality still missing in SAP ERP components

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Implemented in SAP SCM and in CRM (date formats)

Time zone functionality needs to be implemented by application


development or by customer development
It is not just a Basis service, which is active by default

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SAP AG 2007 / 48

Resources

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SAP Service Marketplace:
General information about global solutions
http://service.sap.com/globalization *

List of FAQ Which time-zone functionality does SAP currently


offer?
Media Library Globalization Workshop Country Version and
Time Zones
More Questions? Write email to globalization@sap.com

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* Requires login credentials to the SAP Service Marketplace


SAP AG 2007 / 49

Time Zone Online Documentation on http://help.sap.com

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http://help.sap.com > SAP ERP >
ERP Central Component Release
6.0 SR1 SP08 > English > SAP
Library > SAP ERP Central
Component > Cross-Application
Components > General
Application Functions (CA-GTF) >
Time Zones (CA-GTF-TIM)

SAP AG 2007 / 50

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Access to time
zone specific
online
documentation

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New Book Global SAP-Systems Design and Architecture

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Available end of
October 2007
in German first,
English follows in
April 2008

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SAP PRESS
270 Pages

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www.sappress.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H2917
SAP AG 2007 / 51

7 Key Points to Take Home

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Time zones are supported in SAP
The user-related time zone approach assigns every SAP user
a local time zone. It is mostly used in financial applications.
The business object-related time zone approach assigns every
business object with a configured address a time zone. It is used
for logistics applications mostly.
SAP CRM and SCM provide extended time zone functionality
If time zones are actively used, the user and object-related
settings should be used for all user and all business objects
You can customize and configure time zones
An ABAP function library allows you to develop specific
customized programs for your own time zone requirements

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SAP AG 2007 / 52

Your Turn

Thank

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YOU!
SAP AG 2007 / 53

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Copyright 2007 SAP AG. All Rights Reserved.

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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be
changed without prior notice.
Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.
Microsoft, Windows, Excel, Outlook, and PowerPoint are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM, DB2, DB2 Universal Database, OS/2, Parallel Sysplex, MVS/ESA, AIX, S/390, AS/400, OS/390, OS/400, iSeries, pSeries, xSeries, zSeries, System i, System i5, System p,
System p5, System x, System z, System z9, z/OS, AFP, Intelligent Miner, WebSphere, Netfinity, Tivoli, Informix, i5/OS, POWER, POWER5, POWER5+, OpenPower and PowerPC are
trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, PostScript, and Reader are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
UNIX, X/Open, OSF/1, and Motif are registered trademarks of the Open Group.
Citrix, ICA, Program Neighborhood, MetaFrame, WinFrame, VideoFrame, and MultiWin are trademarks or registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc.
HTML, XML, XHTML and W3C are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape.
MaxDB is a trademark of MySQL AB, Sweden.
SAP, R/3, SAP, SAP.com, xApps, xApp, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks
or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their
respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary.
The information in this document is proprietary to SAP. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express prior
written permission of SAP AG.
This document is a preliminary version and not subject to your license agreement or any other agreement with SAP. This document contains only intended strategies, developments,
and functionalities of the SAP product and is not intended to be binding upon SAP to any particular course of business, product strategy, and/or development. Please note that this
document is subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time without notice.
SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. SAP does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information, text, graphics, links, or other items
contained within this material. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability,
fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.
SAP shall have no liability for damages of any kind including without limitation direct, special, indirect, or consequential damages that may result from the use of these materials. This
limitation shall not apply in cases of intent or gross negligence.
The statutory liability for personal injury and defective products is not affected. SAP has no control over the information that you may access through the use of hot links contained in
these materials and does not endorse your use of third-party Web pages nor provide any warranty whatsoever relating to third-party Web pages.

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