9/30/2013

 
>

  
 

w = N1w1 + N21 + N3w2 + N42

=> w = [N1 N2 N3 N4 ]{w1 1 w2 2}

w = [N

]{D }
31

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

  

 
1.000

N1

N3

0.500

N2

N4
-0.500
32

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

0.000

  

 
Strain energy,

U =

1
2

x=L

 

x dAdx =

x=0 A

1
2

 2w 
 2w 
EI 
dx
2 
2 


 x

  x
0

w = [N

U =

1
2

2w
=
x 2

x 2

L

 2w 
 2w 
1
T 
T
EI 
dx = {D }
 [B ] EI [B ]dx  {D }
2 
2 
2

x





0

1
T
=> U = {D } [k ]{D }
2

  x
0

Where,

[k ] =  [B ]T EI [B ]dx

33

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

=>

]{D }
2
[N ]
{D } = [B ]{D }

 0 

11

9/30/2013

 
6L
2 L2 
6L

4 L2  44

12
6L
12

6L
4 L2
symm

1. Point load, P => {w } P = {D

T

 {w } q o dx = {D }

3. Moment, M =>

P [N

]T

 [N ] q dx
T
[N ]
T
= {D } M

2. UDL qo =>

}T

 w 

 M
 x

34

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

12

EI

[k ] = 3
L


Potential energy, V

  

 

Galerkin method

N
0

 2

 x 2



2w
 EI
x 2



 = q




 + q  dx = 0




Use integration by parts,

35

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in


& / A"
 4
/0 [k ]{D } = {F }
?.
 #
2
2
<$  ,1
 &  EI w
x 2 
x 2

  

 
2N
2w
2 w N
0 x 2 i EI x 2 dx = EI x 2 xi
L

2N
2w
N
0 x 2 i EI x 2 dx = M xi

 2w 
 N i + qN i dx
 EI
x  x 2  0 0
L

+ FN i 0 +  qN i dx
L

Natural BCs

36

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

  

12

9/30/2013

 
%$1

#
w

 &
u = z
Axial strain, x
Stress,

= E

Moment (linear variation) ,

Shear force (constant),

M = EI

F = EI

] {D }

2w
2 [N ]
{D}
= EI
2
x
x2

3
[N
x 3

] {D }
37

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

2 [N
2w
u
= z
= z
=
x 2
x 2
x

  

 
  
#
1

E, I 2

x=0
w1, 1 = dw/dx

x = L/2
w2, 2 = dw/dx

3
x=L
w3, 3 = dw/dx

w = c0 + c1x + c2 x 2 + c3 x3 + c4 x 4 + c5 x5

38

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

39

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

 . * # 

8'.)# BCB

 +++DDD

  

 

A/

&
 $
  


 2
&
 $=

%8
 # !

# %8


# " : ;
<

# #  $

  

13

9/30/2013

 
w1

w2
u1

u2

The stiffness matrix is,

 AE

[k ] =

L, A, I, E

12 EI
L3

6 EI
L2
4 EI
L

AE
L

0 
6 EI 

L2 
2 EI 
L 

0 

6 EI 
2
L 
4 EI 

L 

0
12 EI
L3
6 EI
2
L

0
0
AE
L

0
12 EI
L3

symm

 u1
 w
 1

[k ] 1
u2
w2

 2

 F1

 V

 1

 M 1

 = 
 F2

 V2



 M 2












[k ]{d } = {p }

40

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

  

 
Y, W
x, u
2

2
y, w

41

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

X, U

42

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

Local CSYS x-y & Global CSYS X-Y

  

 
 u1   C
 w 
S
 1

 1 
0
 =

u 2 
0
w2 
0
 

 2 

0

S
C

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

0
C
S
0

0
S
C
0

 F1   C
 V 
S
 1

 M1 
0
 =

 F2 
0
 V2 
0
 

 M 2 

 0

0 U1 
0 W1 
0  1 
 
0 U 2 
0 W2 
 
1  2 

0
0

1
0

0
C

0
S

0
0

0

0
0

1 

 f1 
v 
 1
 m1 
 
 f2 
 v2 
 
m2 

=>

{d } = [T ]{D }

=>

{P } = [T ]T {p }

{P } = [T ] [k ]{d } = [T ]T [k ][T ]{D }

{P } = [K ]{D }
T

  

14

9/30/2013

   


*    ,# 4=
z
x
y

w
v
,v,
x
x

w = w ( x ), v = v ( x )
The order [k] matrix 8 x 8
43

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

DOF at each node - w ,

  

  

44

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

%8
 # #


 
 =


 2
8 

 =
 
 %82
8'.)
3939

  

 
  
* 
8  
-  
# 2,
*=
 


2
- %8# 2,
=

-  

/-2 E-2%8

2
5, ,# 

  
 $ ,

 
 . * # 

$
$
 /0

 
2
6


  
 #  
$ =
7
$
$
 #  /0
45

 
& 3

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in



  

15