9/30/2013


n
1
{ }T [C]{ }dV  {U }T {T }dS  {U }T {B}dV  Pi i
2
i =1
No tractions and body loads

1
{D}T [B ]T [C ][B ]{D}Adx F1u1 F2u2
2

1
{D}T
2

[ [B] [C ][B]Adx]{D} {D} {F }

T

Stiffness matrix, [k ] =
=

 [B ] [C ][B ]Adx

1
{D}T [k ]{D} {D}T {F }
2
16

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

  


 

/0
{D }

= 0 => [k ]{D } = {F }

Stiffness matrix,
T

[k ] =  [B ] [C ][B ]Adx
AE  1 1  u1   F1 
 = 
L
 1 1  u 2
 F2

17

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18

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in


1 1
0
1L  EA
 L L  dx


 L 
1
AE  1
=> [k ] =
L
 1 1 

=> [k ] =

  


?.
 
<$  ,1
 &

u1 = 0

P
F2 = P


u 
 AE
 = 0
x 
x 
/0
/(&3 /( /5&>/
L

AE

u
Ni
x

 AE
0

u N i
dx = 0
x x

0

  

9/30/2013


L
L

u
u N i
AE
N i  AE
dx = 0
x
x x
0
0

For N1

[N1 N 2 ] N1
u
dx{D} = AE
x
x
x

N1 x = L AE
x=L

u
x

N1 x = 0
x=0

For N2
L

AE 
0

u
[N1 N 2 ] N 2
dx{D } = AE
x
x
x

N2

x=L

AE

x= L

u
x

N2

x =0

x =0
19

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

AE 

  


   , 
&
N 1
x
N 2
x

N 2
x  dx {D } =
N 2 

x 



u

 AE x
x=0 



 AE u
x x = L



20

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N 1
x
N 1
x

21

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

 N 1

AE 
x
N 2
x =0

 x
x=L

[k ]{D } = {F }

  


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9/30/2013




= 
#  + $
$
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22

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

"

# , =$ ,
  ,
 2
$


.
$

1  ,
 # * 2
 $

#  
$

=
 2
5 
# 

 $


2
 


  


  !

    

T
F
x=l

x=0

 $
*.

Wint =  dV

23

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24

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in


 $
*.

Wext =  T u dx + Fu L
L

  


"
*.


Wint = Wext


V

dV =  u T Tdx + F u L
L

u = [N ]{U } => u = [N ]{U }

= [B ]{U } => = [B ]{U }

  

9/30/2013


,
 
  

 
 

dV =  u T Tdx + u TL F

=> {U }

 [B] E[B]dV {U }
T

= {U }

 [N ] Tdx + {U } [N ]
T

=> {U } {[k ]{U } { f }} = 0 => [k ]{U } = { f }

T

25

 &
(+  


  

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

V
T


 

#
u1
1
x=0

u2
2
x = x1

 u 1  1
 

 u 2  =
1
 u 
1
 3


3
x = x2

a 
 
x 2 b  = [ X ]{ }
c 


0 a 
 
1
x12   b  => {d } = [ A ]{ } => { } = [ A ] {d }
x12   c 

0
x1
x2

u = [N ]{d }

u = [ X ]13 [A]33 {d }31

1

26

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u = a + bx + cx 2 => u = 1

u3

  


>

  
 
Ni = +1

Ni = 0
k

Nk = +1

Nk = 0
i

All shape functions are unity at

their parent nodes and vanish at
other nodes
Variation quadratic

Nk = 0
j

Nj = 0

Nj = 0

27

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

Ni = 0
i

Nj = +1

  

9/30/2013

 
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# 6.7*
#  # -
 
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 $=


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%8# @


# & : ;
<

# 5 ,
:5;=

 
:;
28

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BEAM

M
F

29

rd_mech@yahoo.co.in

  

 
E, I
2

1
x=L

x=0

w2, 2 = dw/dx

w1, 1 = dw/dx

w = a + bx + cx 2 + dx 3
x2

x 3 {a b c d }

 x 2 x3 
 x2


x2
x3 
x 2 x3 
x3 
w = 1 3 2 + 2 3  w1 +  x 2 + 2 1 +  3 2 2 3  w2 +  + 2  2
L
L 
L L 
L 
 L L 
 L


30

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=> x = 1 x

  

10