This document appears to be an exam for a course on data communications. It provides instructions for a 3 hour exam consisting of multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, and short answer questions. The exam covers topics related to data communications including data link layers, network topologies, protocols, error detection, and multiplexing. It instructs students on how to fill out the exam and notifies them of the total possible marks.
This document appears to be an exam for a course on data communications. It provides instructions for a 3 hour exam consisting of multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, and short answer questions. The exam covers topics related to data communications including data link layers, network topologies, protocols, error detection, and multiplexing. It instructs students on how to fill out the exam and notifies them of the total possible marks.
This document appears to be an exam for a course on data communications. It provides instructions for a 3 hour exam consisting of multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, and short answer questions. The exam covers topics related to data communications including data link layers, network topologies, protocols, error detection, and multiplexing. It instructs students on how to fill out the exam and notifies them of the total possible marks.
ITC242 INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATIONS DAY & DATE: TIME: WRITING TIME: Three (3) Hours READING TIME: Ten minutes MATERIALS SUPPLIED BY UNIVERSITY: 1 x 24pp Answer Booklet MATERIALS PERMITTED IN EXAMINATION: Pens and Pencils, alculator NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: Par A: !ort" (4#) multiple choice $uestions Par B: Ten (1#) True%!alse $uestions Par C: Twent" (2#) &ill in the spaces $uestions Par D: !i'e (() short answer $uestions INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: 1) *rite "our answers to the written $uestions in the +ooklet pro'ided) 2) ,ark "our answers to the multiple choice $uestions on the exam paper) 3) ,ark "our answers to the true%&alse $uestions on the exam paper) 4) !ill in "our answers to the -&ill in the spaces. $uestions on the exam paper) () ,ultiple choice $uestions are worth one mark each) (Total o& 4# marks) /) True%!alse $uestions are worth one mark each) (Total o& 1# marks) 0) !ill in the spaces $uestions are worth one mark each) (Total o& 2# marks) 1) *ritten $uestions are worth / marks each) hoose an" ( $uestions out o& 1)(Total o& 3# marks) 2) A total mark possi+le is 1##) INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS: 1) 3456T789 PAP5: ,46T B5 8;;5T5< STUDENT NAME: STUDENT NO: STUDENT SIGNATURE: PART A: M!"#$"% C&'#(% Q!%)#'*) 1) 7n the 867 model, the ==================== la"er is concerned with &indin> the +est path &or the data &rom one point to the next within the network) a) <ata ;ink +, N%-'r. c) Ph"sical d) Application 2) The ==================== la"er can per&orm A677 to non?A677 character con'ersions) a) Transport +) <ata ;ink (, Pr%)%*a#'* d) Application 3) ;ar>e networks that encompass parts o& states, multiple states, countries and the world are called@ a) ,A9s +) ;A9s c) PA9s /, WAN) 4) *hat is the +aud rate o& a di>ital si>nal that emplo"s <i&&erential ,anchester encodin> and has a data rate o& 1###+psA a) (## +aud +) 1### +aud (, 2000 +a!/ d) 4### +aud () *hich cate>or" o& 4TP ca+le is the most current and commonl" implementedA a) ate>or" 4 +) ate>or" ( (, Ca%0'r1 2% d) ate>or" / /) The ==================== o& a si>nal is the num+er o& times a si>nal makes a complete c"cle within a >i'en time &rame) a) Bandwidth +, Fr%3!%*(1 c) Amplitute d) 6pectrum 0) 7n the 867 model, which la"er per&orms encr"ption or data compressionA a) Application +) 9etwork c) <ata ;ink /, Pr%)%*a#'* 1) 7n a slidin> window Bo?Back?9 A:3 s"stem, A sends packets #,1,2,3,4,( and /) Packet 3 arri'es at B corrupted) *hat do A and B send to each other nextA a, B )%*/) RE453 6 A &%* )%*/) $a(.%) 36462676860 a*/ 9 +) B sends :5C?2, A then sends packets 3,4,(,/,0,# and 1 c) B sends :5C?3, A then sends Dust packet 3 d) B sends :5C?2, A then sends Dust packet 3 2) The loss o& si>nal stren>th is called@ a, A%*!a#'* +) Amplitute c) 9oise d) rosstalk 1#) The ==================== class o& di>ital encodin> schemes sol'es the s"nchroniEation pro+lem +" ensurin> that each +it has some t"pe o& si>nal chan>e) a, Ma*(&%)%r +) 9:F c) 4B%(B d) Both a and +) 11) 5thernet is said to +e non?deterministic +ecause o& which o& the &ollowin>A a) 7t is not possi+le to determine how lon> it will take to >et a &rame &rom one de'ice to another) +) 7t is not possi+le to determine whether an error has occurred durin> the transmission o& a &rame) c) 7t is not possi+le to determine i& another de'ice wishes to transmit) /, I #) *' $'))#+"% ' /%%r:#*% &% :a;#:!: #:% a /%<#(% -#"" &a<% ' -a# ' ra*):#, 12) =================== technolo>" can +e applied to wireless communications, makin> them 'irtuall" imper'ious to interception) a) Pulse code modulation +) !re$uenc" modulation (, S$r%a/ S$%(r!: d) 9one o& the a+o'e 13) 5lectroma>netic inter&erence is o&ten >enerated +"@ a) ,otors +) !luorescent li>hts c) Power lines /, A"" '= &% a+'<% 14) The ==================== component o& the inter&ace standard descri+es the &unction o& each pin or circuit that is used in a particular inter&ace) a) 5lectrical +) ,echanical (, F!*(#'*a" d) Procedural 1() ==================== identi&ies terminatin> de'ices such as terminals and computers) a, DTE +) <5 c) 64 d) <64 1/) The multiplexer creates a &rame that contains data onl" &rom those input sources that ha'e somethin> to send in ==================== multiplexin>) a) !re$uenc" <i'ision +, Sa#)#(a" T#:% D#<#)#'* c) 6"nchronous Time <i'ision d) <ense *a'elen>th 10) 7n &re$uenc" di'ision multiplexin>, the medium must +e capa+le o& carr"in> a ran>e o& &re$uencies that can support the ==================== o& all the indi'idual &re$uenc" ran>es a) <i&&erence +, S!: c) Product d) 9one o& the a+o'e 11) 76<9 +asic rate inter&ace (B:7) multiplexes onl" ==================== separate channels) a) 8ne +) Two (, T&r%% d) !our 12) 5rror detection is per&ormed at the ==================== la"er o& the 867 modelA a) <ata ;ink +) Transport c) 9etwork /, B'& a a*/ + 2#) ==================== is a 'er" power&ul error detection techni$ue and should +e considered &or all data transmission s"stemsA a) Gertical redundanc" check +, C1("#( r%/!*/a*(1 (&%(.)!: c) 6imple parit" d) HoriEontal parit" 21) 7n a ==================== topolo>" the workstations are connected +" a linear coaxial ca+le) a, B!) +) 6tar?wired +us c) 6tar?wired rin> d) :in> 22) *hich protocol re$uires that a host cease to transmit &or a random inter'al once a collision is detected on the wireA a, CSMA>CD +) :ound ro+in c) :eser'ation d) All o& the a+o'e 23) *hich la"er addresses do routers use to determine a packetHs pathA a) <ata ;ink +, N%-'r. c) Ph"sical d) Application 24) *hich t"pe o& +rid>e o+ser'es network tra&&ic &low and uses this in&ormation to make &uture decisions re>ardin> &rame &orwardin>A a) :emote +) 6ource routin> (, Tra*)$ar%* d) 6pannin> tree 2() ;earnin> network addresses and con'ertin> &rame &ormats are the &unction o& which de'iceA a) 6witch +) Hu+ c) ,A4 /, Br#/0% 2/) The de'ice that can operate in place o& a hu+ is a@ a, S-#(& +) Brid>e c) :outer d) Batewa" 20) The 6,A%< network is descri+ed +" which &rame speci&icationA a) 7555 1#2)2 +, IEEE ?02,3 c) 7555 1#2)4 d) 7555 1#2)( 21) 7n a ==================== su+net, no uni$ue dedicated ph"sical path is esta+lished to transmit the data packets across the su+netA a) ircuit?switched +, Pa(.%5)-#(&%/ c) ;ar>e d) Hea'il" loaded 22) A dial?up telephone s"stem uses which t"pe o& su+netA a, C#r(!#5)-#(&%/ +) Packet?switched c) Broadcast d) ;o>icall" switched 3#) The postal s"stem is a >ood example o& which t"pe o& communicationA a) Broadcast +) onnection oriented (, C'**%(#'*"%)) d) Both a and c 31) *hich t"pe o& routin> allows each node to maintain its own routin> ta+leA a, D#)r#+!#<% +) Adapti'e c) entralised d) 6tatic 32) The len>th o& an 7P address is@ a) 1 +its +) 1/ +its (, 32 +#) d) 41 +its 33) ==================== is a set o& codes inserted into a document intended &or displa" on a we+ +rowser a, @TML +) HTTP c) !TP d) Telnet 34) The protocol that allows d"namic assi>nment o& 7P Addresses to workstations is known as@ a) 7,P +, D@CP c) 6,TP d) 69,P 3() ==================== is a packet?switched network desi>ned &or transmittin> data o'er &ixed lines) a) AT, +) A<6; c) 6895T /, Fra:% R%"a1 3/) An 76<9 B:7 consists o& ==================== channels) a) Two B +, T-' B a*/ '*% D c) Two < d) Two < and one H 30) *hich t"pe o& 'irus mutates with e'er" in&ection, thus makin> it di&&icult to locateA a) ,acro +) TroDan horse (, P'"1:'r$&#( d) *orm 31) A commonl" emplo"ed encr"ption method used +" +usinesses to send and recei'e secure transactions is@ a) ,anchester encodin> +, Daa E*(r1$#'* Sa*/ar/ ADESB c) Pulse ode ,odulation d) Ier+eros 32) The e$uation to calculate a'aila+ilit" isA a) (Total Time A'aila+le J <owntime) K Total Time A'aila+le +) (Total Time A'aila+le ? <owntime) c) (Total Time A'aila+le J <owntime) /, AT'a" T#:% A<a#"a+"% 5 D'-*#:%B > T'a" T#:% A<a#"a+"% 4#) The a'era>e time a de'ice or s"stem will operate +e&ore it will &ail is called the@ a, MTBF +) ,TT: c) :elia+ilit" d) 9one o& the a+o'e PART B: Tr!%>Fa")% Q!%)#'*) AC#r("% &% ('rr%( a*)-%r, Ea(& 3!%)#'* #) -'r& 9 :ar.B 1) The main di&&erence +etween in&rared and Bluetooth transmission is that Bluetooth needs line o& site whilst in&rared does not) a) true +, =a")% 2) 4B%(B encodin> is more e&&icient than ,anchester encodin>) a, r!% +) &alse 3) 6"nchronous Time <i'ision multiplexin> will not allocate a time slot to a source that is idle) a) true +, =a")% 4) <um+ terminals are used &or simple data entr" and data retrie'al operations) a, r!% +) &alse () The +ottom la"er in the 867 model, the data link la"er, handles the transmission o& +its o'er a communications channel) a) true +, =a")% /) The ph"sical or>aniEation o& a star?wired rin> is actuall" not circular) a, r!% +) &alse 0) A source routin> +rid>e keeps an internal ta+le) a) true +, =a")% 1) 7n a 'irtual circuit packet?switched su+net, all packets that +elon> to a lo>ical connection can &ollow the same path throu>h the network) a, r!% +) &alse 2) 5'er" o+Dect on the 7nternet has a uni$ue 4:;) a, r!% +) &alse 1#) iphertext is data +e&ore an" encr"ption has +een per&ormed) a) true +, =a")% PART C: F#"" #* &% )$a(%) AEa(& 3!%)#'* #) -'r& '*% :ar.B 1) ,ultiplexin> occurs at the ======ph"sical=========== la"er o& the 867 re&erence model) 2) The three +asic components o& all si>nals are =========amplitude============ , =======&re$uenc"============== and =========phase============ ) 3) ========7mpulse========= noise is a non?constant noise that is one o& the most di&&icult errors to detect +ecause it can occur randoml") 4) Transmittin> multiple si>nals on one medium is called =========multiplexin>===========) () ========Analo>ue============ data and si>nals are represented as continuous wa'e&orms that can +e at an in&inite num+er o& points +etween some >i'en minimum and maximum) /) The =======7nternet or TP%7P ===== ,odel is a communications architectural model that incorporates TP%7P and has 4 la"ers) 0) =======Base+and============= coaxial technolo>" uses di>ital si>nalin> in which the ca+le carries onl" one channel o& di>ital data 1) =======Terrestrial============= microwa'e transmission s"stems transmit ti>htl" &ocused +eams o& radio si>nals &rom one >round?+ased microwa'e transmission antenna to another) 2) 7n an =======as"nchronous============= connection, a sin>le character, or +"te o& data, is the unit o& trans&er +etween sender and recei'er) 1#) The =====local loop =============== is the stretch o& telephone wire that runs +etween a house and the telephone compan"Hs exchan>e) 11) ========ode <i'ision ,ultiplexin> (<,) ============ multiplexin> allows multiple users to share a common set o& &re$uencies +" assi>nin> uni$ue di>ital codes to each user) 12) A =======collision============= results when two or more workstations listen to the medium at the same moment, hear nothin>, and then transmit their data at the same moment) 13) ,odern star?wired +us topolo>" lo>icall" acts as a +us, +ut ===========ph"sicall"========= looks like a star) 14) A =========hu+=========== is a de'ice that interconnects two or more workstations in a star?wired +us local area network and +roadcasts incomin> data onto all out>oin> connections) 1() The process o& addin> transport header in&ormation on the &ront o& the data packet is called ========encapsulation=============) 1/) A ========connection oriented============ network application pro'ides some >uarantee that in&ormation tra'elin> throu>h the network will not +e lost and the in&ormation packets will +e deli'ered to the intended recei'er) 10) The ========7nternet============ is a massi'e collection o& networks, routers, and communications lines) 11) The =========Address :esolution Protocol (A:P) =========== protocol takes an 7P address in an 7P data>ram and translates it into the appropriate 6,A%< address &or deli'er" on a local area network) 12) A =======<enial o& ser'ice (<86) ============= attack is one where a computer site is +om+arded with so man" messa>es that the site cannot per&orm its normal duties) 2#) ========Benchmarkin>=========== in'ol'es >eneratin> s"stem statistics in a controlled en'ironment and then comparin> those statistics a>ainst known measurements) PART D: S&'r A*)-%r Q!%)#'*) AEa(& 3!%)#'* #) -'r& 7 :ar.) %a(&, A*)-%r &% 3!%)#'*) #* &% A*)-%r +''."% $r'<#/%/B, C&'')% ONLY 2 Q!%)#'*) ' a*)-%r 1) 9ame and +rie&l" de&ine the se'en la"ers o& the 867 model) Answer 7. Application Layer is where applications using network services reside. Example applications include HTTP !TP Telnet. ". Presentation Layer presentation encryption and compression o# data $etween sender and receiver. %. &ession Layer responsi$le #or esta$lishing maintaining and terminating sessions $etween endpoints. '. Transport Layer relia$le end to end transport. (ontains end to end error control and #low control. ). *etwork Layer Path determination routing the sending o# packets through a network. +P addressing. ,. -ata Link Layer responsi$le #or accessing the medium. .. Physical Layer transmission o# $its over a communications channel. Marking Guide -educt . mark #or each layer not la$eled correctly. -educt . mark #or each layer not de#ined correctly. 2) 7s stop?and?wait A:3 a hal& duplex protocol or a &ull duplex protocolA 5xplain "our response) Answer &top/and/wait A01 is a hal# duplex protocol. That is $ecause at any point in time only one endpoint may transmit to another. Endpoint A transmits one packet o# data to endpoint 2 then stops and waits #or a reply #rom 2. +# the packet arrives without error 2 responds with a positive acknowledgement. +# the data arrives with errors 2 will respond with a negative acknowledgement. Marking Guide -educt ) marks #or not stating that stop/and/wait A01 is a hal# duplex protocol. -educt $etween . and ) marks #or not explaining why. 3) <escri+e the &unction o& a switch) At what la"er o& the 867 model does it operateA Answer A switch is a com$ination o# a hu$ and a $ridge. +t connects multiple workstations like a hu$. +t also #ilters #rames like a $ridge. !iltering occurs $ased on the layer , 3A( Address within each #rame. +t per#orms #iltering $ased on the 3A( addresses o# #rames as they are transmitted through the switch. There are a num$er o# di##erent ways that a switch may per#orm this #iltering. The #irst is transparent $ridging where the switch will o$serve network tra##ic and make #uture decisions on #rame #orwarding $ased on learning out which switch port each 3A( address resides. &ource route $ridging relies on in#ormation contained within each #rame to make the #iltering decision. A switch operates at Layer , the -ata Link Layer o# the 4&+ model. Marking Guide -educt $etween . to ' marks #or not correctly descri$ing the #unction o# a switch. -educt , marks #or not identi#ying the correct layer. 4) *hat are the ad'anta>es and disad'anta>es o& &i+re optic ca+leA Answer Advantages5 *ot a##ected $y electromagnetic inter#erence Low noise and error rates High speed transmission -i##icult to wiretap (an $e used over long distances -isadvantages5 (an send signals in one direction only their#ore a pair o# #i$re is re6uired $etween devices. 0elatively higher cost o# #i$re. 3ore expensive and di##icult to install and terminate within a $uilding. Marking Guide Allocate . mark #or each correct advantage and disadvantage provided. () *hat is the di&&erence +etween a deterministic and non?deterministic protocolA Answer +n a deterministic protocol you can determine when a workstation will $e allowed to transmit. The order o# transmission $y each workstation is known. Token 0ing is an example o# a deterministic protocol. +n a non/deterministic protocol you cannot calculate or determine the time at which a workstation will transmit. (&3A7(- is an example o# a non/deterministic protocol with Ethernet $eing an implementation. Marking Guide -educt $etween , to " marks #or not providing a correct di##erence. Allocate . mark each #or providing examples o# each type o# protocol. /) *hat is the data trans&er rate in +ps o& a si>nal that is encoded usin> phase modulation with ei>ht di&&erent phase an>les and a +aud rate o& 3###A Answer Eight di##erent phase angles mean that at any point in time the signal may represent one o# 8 states or ) $inary num$ers. 9,:) ; 8< Thus data trans#er rate ; ) x )=== ; >=== $ps. Marking Guide !ull marks #or o$taining the correct answer with working. % marks #or o$taining the correct answer with no working. ) marks #or showing that 8 phase angles allows #or the transmission o# ) $its at a time. 0) 9ame &our (4) t"pes o& multiplexin> >i'in> a +rie& explanation o& each) Answer .. !re6uency -ivision 3ultiplexing 9!-3<5 the assignment o# non overlapping #re6uency ranges to each user o# a medium. The oldest and one o# the simplest #orms o# multiplexing. An example is the transmission o# di##erent television stations using di##erent #re6uencies. ,. Time -ivision 3ultiplexing 9T-3<5 the division o# availa$le transmission time up into portions to $e shared amongst each user. -i##erent types o# T-3 are synchronous T-3 and statistical T-3. +&-* is an example o# T-3. ). -ense ?avelength -ivision 3ultiplexing 9-?-3<5 uses di##erent wavelength or colored light to transmit multiple signals down a #i$re optic ca$le. '. (ode -ivision 3ultiplexing 9(-3<5 assigns uni6ue codes to each user to allow them to share a common set o# #re6uencies. (-3A is an example o# (-3. Marking Guide -educt , marks #or each type o# multiplexing not identi#ied. -educt . mark #or each occurrence o# not providing an accurate $rie# explanation. 1) <e&ine the main di&&erences +etween the TP and 4<P protocols) Answer 0elia$ility5 T(P is a relia$le protocol @-P is an unrelia$le protocol 9$est e##ort<. (onnection5 T(P is a connection oriented protocol @-P is a connectionless protocol. E##iciency5 T(P has more overhead and is less e##icient than @-P. !low control5 T(P provides #low control with windowing @-P does not. Marking Guide Allocate , marks #or each correct di##erence identi#ied. C'*(#)% A*)-%r) S%(#'* A 1 L + 11 L d 21 L a 31 L a 2 L c 12 L c 22 L a 32 L c 3 L d 13 L d 23 L + 33 L a 4 L c 14 L c 24 L c 34 L + ( L c 1( L a 2( L d 3( L d / L + 1/ L + 2/ L a 3/ L + 0 L d 10 L + 20 L + 30 L c 1 L a 11 L c 21 L + 31 L + 2 L a 12 L d 22 L a 32 L d 1# L a 2# L + 3# L c 4# L a S%(#'* B 1) &alse 2) true 3) &alse 4) true () &alse /) true 0) &alse 1) true 2) true 1#) &alse S%(#'* C 1) ph"sical 2) amplitude, &re$uenc", phase 3) impulse 4) multiplexin> () analo>ue /) 7nternet or TP%7P 0) +ase+and 1) terrestrial 2) as"nchronous 1#) local loop 11) code di'ision multiplexin> (<,) 12) collision 13) ph"sicall" 14) hu+ 1() encapsulation 1/) connection oriented 10) internet 11) address resolution protocol (A:P) 12) denial o& ser'ice (<86) 2#) +enchmarkin>
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