Dietary

Prescription
Darwin
AnD
Dhaine
The Diet Prescription
 The Diet Prescription defines the calorie
needs that an individual needs and how
those calories will be distributed among
the macronutrients.
 Diet Plan gives the total number of
exchanges to be eaten in a day for a
specific diet prescription.
List I - Group A vegetables
 Malabar night shade  Papaya, green
 Bittermelon leaves and  Sponge gourd
fruit  Cucumber
 Garlic leaves  Chinese cabbage
 Squash flowers and Cabbage
leaves  Eggplant
 Tomatoes  Bottle gourd
 Sweet potato leaves  Mushroom, fresh
 Cauliflower
 Bamboo shoot
 Swamp cabbage
List I - Group B Vegetables
 Jackfruit
 Yam bean
 Stringbeans, pod
 Okra
 Carrot
 Squash fruit
 Mung bean sprout
 Onion
List II – Fruit Exchanges
 Papaya, ripe  Marang
 Pineapple  Lansones
 Durian  Pear
 Guava
 Santol
 Jackfruit, ripe
 Star apple
 Mangosteen
 Strawberry
List III – Milk Exchange
 Whole milk  Low Fat
 Evaporated  Powdered
 Fresh carabao’s milk  Lite fat fresh milk
 Fresh cow’s milk
 Powdered  Skimmed/ very Low
fat
 Buttermilk
 Yoghurt
List IV – Rice Exchange
 Rice cooked  Rice Equivalents
 Rice gruel  Bread
 CAKES
 Rice Products
 Cookies
 Ampaw
 Noodles
 Bibingka
 Bihon
 Biko
 Pasta
 Puto
 Root crops
 Palitaw
 Corn and corn products
 Suman
List V – Meat Exchange
 Beef  Fish
 Pork  Other seafoods
 Chicken
 Carabao
 Goat
 Cat
List VI – Fat Exchange
 Saturated fats  Unsaturated fats
 Bacon  Corn oil
 Butter  Sesame oil
 Cream cheese  Peanut butter
 Margarine  Shortening
 Mayonnaise  Avocado
 Whipping cream
List VII- Sugar Exchanges
 Honey  Chewing gum
 Jam and jellies  Bukayo
 Syrups  Halo2x
 Yema  Ice candy
 Caramel
 Composition of Food
Exchanges
List Food Measure CHO CHON FAT Energy Energy
(grams) (grams) (grams) (Kcal) (Kj)
I-A Veg. A 1 cup, raw - - - - -
½ cup cooked
2 cups raw 3 1 16 67
1 cup cooked
I-B Veg. B ½ cup, cooked 3 1 - 16 67
½ cup raw

II Fruit Varies 10 - - 40 167

Composition of Food Exchanges
List Food Measure CHO CHON FAT Energy Energy
(grams (grams (grams (Kcal) (Kj)
) ) )
III Milk - - - - -
Whole Varies 12 8 10 170 711
Powdered 4 tbsp 12 8 10 170 711
Low fat 4 tbsp 12 8 5 125 523
skim varies 12 8 - 80 335

IV Rice varies 23 2 - 100 418

 Composition of Food
Exchanges
List Food Measure CHO CHON FAT Energy Energy
(grams (grams) (grams) (Kcal) (KJ)
)
V Meat
Low fat Varies - 8 1 41 172
Med fat Varies - 8 6 86 360
High fat Varies - 8 10 122 510

VI Fat 1tsp - - 5 45 188

VII Sugar 1 tsp 5 - - 20 84

Illustrative breakdown of Energy
Expenditure for 24 hours
Reference Man Reference Woman
(56 Kg) (48 Kg)
Kcal/Kg Kcal/Kg

In bed (8 hours) 430 370

At work (8 hours) 1210 870

Non-occupational activities (8 hours) 600-1280 505-855

Usage of Energy Expenditure 2240-2920 1745-2095

Mean Energy Expenditure 2580 1920

Mean kcal/kg. 45 40
CALCULATION OF
EXCHANGE
Steps in Planning the Dietary
Patterns
Solving for the value of C/P/F:
Example:
for 1800 Caloric requirement.
CHO (60%) – 1800 x .60 =1080 ÷ 4 = 270 cal
CHON (15%) – 1800 x .15 = 270 ÷ 4 = 68 cal
FATS (25%) – 1800 x .25 = 450 ÷ 9 = 50 cal

Note: 1g of CHO = 4kcal

• 1g of CHON = 4kcal
• 1g of FAT = 9 kcal
Steps in Planning The dietary Pattern
 Compute for the amount of milk, vegetables
and fruits included in the diet.
 Sub-total the carbohydrates coming from milk,
B vegetables and fruits. Take the difference
from total prescribed carbohydrate. Divide
the remaining carbohydrate by 23 to get the
number of rice exchanges to give.
 Sub-total the protein coming from milk,
vegetables B and rice exchanges. Take the
difference from the total prescribed protein
and divide the remainder by 8 to get the
number of meat exchanges.
4) Sub-total the fat coming from milk and meats. Subtract from
the total prescribed fat and divide the remainder by 5 to
give the number of exchanges of fat.
5) Sum up all carbohydrate, protein, fat and calories to check
whether the prescribed levels are met.
6) Allow sugar to compensate for carbohydrate deficiency. 1
teaspoon refined sugar is equivalent to 5gms carbohydrate
and 20 calories.
Sample calculation
DIET PRESCRIPTION

C/P/F % Distribution Gram equivalent

Dietary Prescription = 2500 Cal

CHO 60% 375

 

CHON 15% 94
 

FATS 25% 69
 
 DIET PLAN MEAL PATTERN

Total CHO Protein Fat Kilo Break Lunch Supper Snack

Exchange Ex (g) (g) (g) Calories F
Group cH A
an S
ge T
s
Vegetables B 1 3 1 - 16 1

Fruits 4 40 - - 160 1 1 1 1

Milk (whole) 1 12 8 10 170 1

Rice 14 322 28 - 1400 5 4 3 2

Meats 7 - 56 42 602 2 3 2
(med. fat)

Fat 3 5 15 135 2 1
Sugar 1tsp 20 1

Total 377 93 67 2503