Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation

All rights reserved

9/21/2003
As
t
284mm
2
:
Diameter Bar: db
t
19.1mm :
Spacing of Hoops or Spirals: s 100mm :
Type of Confinement: trans
bar
hoop :
Materials
Steel - A706
Yield Stress f
y
475MPa :
Ultimate Stress f
u
655MPa :
Modulus of Elasticity: E
s
200000MPa :
Yield Strain
y
f
y
E
s
:
Moment Curvature of Circular Section
Input
Column
Diameter: D 1000mm :
clr 50mm :
Clearance to Reinforcement:
Longitudinal Reinforcment
Number of Bars: n
bars
10 :
Cross Sectional Area: As
l
1006mm
2
:
Diameter of Bar: db
l
35.8mm :
Transverse Bars
Cross Sectional Area:
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
Number of strips to "break" 1/2 the circle into
Bar Reinforcement Layout
Number of Bars: n
bars
10
Radius To Center of Bars r
D
2
clr db
t

db
l
2
: r 413mm
Angle Between Bars: delta
2
n
bars
: delta 0.628
Center of Circle: center_x
D
2
: center_x 0.5m
center_y center_x : center_y 0.5m
Axial Strain @ On-set of Hardening
sh
0.0115 :

su
.12 :
Ultimate Strain
Concrete
Compressive Strength of Concrete f'
c
35.0MPa :
Modulus of Elasticity E
c
28000MPa :
Spalling Strain
sp
0.005 :
Longitudinal Strain a f 'c
co
0.002 :
Axial Load
P 100 :
Analysis
n
strips
20 :
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
rebar_x i ( ) angle delta i ( )
x cos angle ( ) r center_x +
x
: rebar_y i ( ) angle delta i ( )
y sin angle ( ) r center_y +
y
:
i 0 n
bars
1 .. :
0 0.5 1
0
0.5
1
Rebar Coordinates
x-axis
y
-
a
x
i
s
rebar_y i ( )
rebar_x i ( )
resteel_x
i
rebar_x i ( ) :
resteel_y
i
rebar_y i ( ) :
Park's Steel Model (Modified)
r
su

sh
:
m
f
u
f
y
30 r 1 + ( )
2
60 r 1
15 r
2

:
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
f
s

s
( ) sign 1

s

s

sign 1

s
0.0 < if
sign E
s

s

s

y
if
sign f
y

y

s
<
sh
if
sign f
u
f
u
f
y
( )

su

s

su

sh

,
2

1
1
1
]

1
1
1
]

sh

s
<
su
if
0.0
s

su
> if

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
:

s
0 0.0001 ,
su
.. :
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
0
500
1000
f
s

s
( )
MPa

s
Mander's Unconfined Concrete Model
Esec
f'
c

co
: Esec 1.75 10
4
MPa
r
E
c
E
c
Esec
: r 2.667
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
fc1
c
( ) x

c

co

f'
c
x r
r 1 x
r
+
:
fc2
c
( ) x

c

co

f'
c
2 r
r 1 2
r
+

,
1

c
2
co

sp
2
co

:
fc3 ec ( ) 0 MPa :
fco strain ( ) fc1 strain ( ) 0.0 strain < 2
co
if
fc2 strain ( ) 2
co
strain <
sp
if
fc3 strain ( ) otherwise
:
ec 0 0.0001 , 0.005 .. :
0 0.005 0.01 0.015
0
20
40
fco ec ( )
MPa
ec
fco ec ( )
0
2.799
5.593
8.368
11.109
13.795
16.403
18.91
MPa

Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation

All rights reserved
9/21/2003
Esec 7.517 10
3
MPa Esec
f'
cc

cc
:

cc
0.007
cc

co
5
f'
cc
f'
c
1

,
1 +

1
1
]
:
f'
cc
52.393MPa f'
cc
f'
c
2.254 1
7.94 fl
f'
c
+ 2
fl
f'
c
1.254

,
:
Confined Concrete Strength
fl 3.003MPa fl 0.5 ke
s
f
y
:
ke 0.922 ke
1 0.5
sc
ds

1
cc

spiral if
1 0.5
sc
ds

,
2
1
cc

otherwise
:

cc
0.019
cc
4 A
s

ds
2

s
0.014
s
4 As
t

s ds
:
sc s db
t
: Clear Distance Between Spirals or Hoops:
ds D 2 clr db
l
+ ( ) : Core Diameter (cl of confining steel)
Total Area of Main Reinforcement:
A
s
n
bars
As
l
:
Mander's Confined Concrete Model
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
r
E
c
E
c
Esec
: r 1.367
fcc strain ( ) x
strain

cc

f'
cc
x r
r 1 x
r
+
strain 0.0 if
0.0 MPa otherwise
:
Ultimate Concrete Strain:
cu
0.004 0.14
s

f
y
f'
cc
+ :
cu
0.02141
Limit of Ultimate Strain:
cu
if
cu
0.020 > 0.020 ,
cu
, ( ) :
cu
0.02000
ec 0.0000 0.0001 ,
cu
.. :
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02
0
20
40
60
fcc ec ( )
MPa
ec
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
y
ext
i ( )
ext
inc
2
ext
inc
i + : CG of Gross Section Strips
y
core
i ( ) clr
core
inc
2
+ core
inc
i + : CG of Core Strips
A
ext
i ( ) area_slice D ext
inc
i , ext
inc
i ext
inc
+ , ( ) : Area of Gross Section
A
core
i ( ) area_slice D 2clr core
inc
i , core
inc
i core
inc
+ , ( ) : Area of Core
ext
inc
0.5D
n
strips
:
Height of Concrete Cover Strips
core
inc
0.5 D 2clr ( )
n
strips
: Height of Concrete Core Strips
y2 > y1 area_slice d y
1
, y
2
, ( ) area_sector d y
2
, ( ) area_sector d y
1
, ( ) :
Sector Strip Area
r - radius of sector
y - distance from extreme fiber on top of section (+axis downward)
y <= r area_sector d y , ( )
d
2
4
acos 1
2 y
d

d
2
y

,
d y y
2
:
Sector Area
Discretize Circular Shape
e y e
top
, e
bot
, ( ) e
top
e
top
e
bot
( )
y
D
:
e
bot
na e
top
, ( ) e
top
e
top
D
na
:
Plane Strain
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
0.004 0.002 0
1000
0
1000
2000
i
mm
i ( )
i 0 D .. :

bot
0.002353
bot
y
s
( ) : Strain in Extreme Rebar
y ( )
top
y
na

top
:

top
.00102 : Strain in Extreme Concrete Fiber
na 270mm : Neutral Axis
y
cc
60mm y
cc
clr
db
t
2
+ : Extreme Core Concrete Fiber
y
s
893mm y
s
max resteel_y ( ) : Extreme Rebar Location
Check First Yield Point
Solution
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
i 0 n
bars
1 .. :
Steel Compression
C
s
i
As
l
value f
s
rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 1.0 MPa ( ) if
0.0MPa otherwise

:
C
s
267kN
Steel Tension
T
s
i
As
l
value f
s
rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 0.0MPa if
0.0MPa otherwise

:
T
s
2015 kN
Steel Void Compression
C
s_void
i
As
l
value fcc rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 0.0 MPa if
0.0MPa otherwise

: C
s_void
34kN
Concrete Compression Minus Steel Voids
F
cover
i ( ) A
ext
i ( ) fco y
ext
i ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :
F
core
i ( ) A
core
i ( ) fcc y
core
i ( ) ( ) ( ) :
F
void
i ( ) A
core
i ( ) fco y
core
i ( ) ( ) ( ) :
C
c
0
n
strips
1 ( )
i
F
cover
i ( ) F
core
i ( ) + F
void
i ( ) ( )

1
1
1
]
C
s_void
: C
c
1860kN
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003
Percent difference 1
1373
1391

,
1.3%
Moment from program 1373kN m M
y
1391mkN
Curvature
y
0.00378m
-1
rad
y

top
na
:
First Yield Moment Results
M
y
1391mkN M
y
M
cs
M
ts
+ M
s_void
+ M
cc
+ :
M
cc
0
n
strips
1 ( )
i
F
cover
i ( )
D
2
y
ext
i ( )

,
F
core
i ( )
D
2
y
core
i ( )

,
+ F
void
i ( )
D
2
y
core
i ( )

1
1
]

:
Moment Concrete Compression
M
s_void
13mkN
M
s_void
i
D
2
rebar_y i ( )

,
As
l
value fcc rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 0.0 MPa if
0.0MPa otherwise

:
Moment Steel Void
M
ts
546mkN
M
ts
i
D
2
rebar_y i ( )

,
As
l
value f
s
rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 0.0MPa if
0.0MPa otherwise

:
Moment Steel Tension
M
cs
102mkN M
cs
i
D
2
rebar_y i ( )

,
As
l
value f
s
rebar_y i ( ) ( ) ( )
value value 1.0 MPa ( ) if
0.0MPa otherwise

:
Moment Steel Compression
Copyright 2003 Bridge Automation
All rights reserved
9/21/2003