Professional Documents
Culture Documents
endings
Nominalization
(emphatic/informal)
(abstract)
(use by default)
(able to do ~ing)
(occasional occurrence)
(to decide to ~)
(as a result)
(before ~ing )
...
(as soon as)
(without intent)
(idealistic should)
(formal neg. volitional)
(desire -adj.)
(desire vb)
(tends to ~)
(way of ~ing)
(compound verb)
(e.g. )
(noun from verb target)
Polite
(non past)
(negative)
(past)
(past neg.)
(volitional)
(connective rare)
(conditional rare)
(imperative)
form
(negative -adj.)
(without ~ing)
(neg. form)
(neg. form)
(neg. cond.)
(neg. vol.)
Formal
Informal
Imperative
Compulsion must ~
Obligation must/have to ~
(negative old)
Conditional Idiom
(conditional)
(I wish that ~)
(potential)
*
( when spoken)
*new verb ( )
(passive / honorific)
form
*
*
( * alternative)
*new verbs
**polite version:
**new verbs
[ ]
Imperative
[ ] vb.
[ ] hon.irreg.vb.
(causative passive)
(completed action)
*
(I'm glad that ~)
(favour request)
(changed state)
**
** (must not ~)
(suggestive)
(permissive)
(permissive)
(even if ~)
(apologetic)
(alternative **)
( ** alternative)
* vb. In speech:
or
or
(causative)
irreg.
(imperative)
AERON BUCHANAN'S
JAPANESE VERB CHART v2.7
verbs
(Sentence Joining)
[verb]
[noun]
- - - - -/ -
Conjunctive
stem
(negative imperative)
- - - - -/ -
examples
http://respectthebeard.com/japanese/
For more information and examples, see e.g. Oxford Japanese Grammar & Verbs or
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugations_and_adjective_declensions
/ /
form
Past (action completion)
repeated
(~ etc. / opposites
)
(If/When ~, ...)
(just happened)
(suggestive)
verbs
AERON BUCHANAN'S
For more information and examples, see e.g. Oxford Japanese Grammar & Verbs
or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugations_and_adjective_declensions
Irregular Verbs
Confusing Verbs
Form
to do
Dictionary (Plain)
to come
stem (conj.)
*&**
**
stem
Passive
**
* !
Causative
** **
* *
Passive-Causative
**
Imperative
* !
Conditional
Potential
Volitional
form
* **
**
form
* **
**
Mnemonics
&
&
* from
** from
to ask
to request
* from
** from
and
and
and
Form
Non-past
Negative
Past
Past Negative
Conditional
Neg. Cond.
Conjunctive
Neg. Conj.
Tentative
v2.7
http://respectthebeard.com/japanese/
Informal
Polite
Some verbs are pronounced the same in plain form, but conjugate differently depending on which meaning is being used, e.g.:
Verb
meaning
to exist
to stay alive
to obtain
to win
to alter
to exchange
to put on (clothes)
to close (something)
to sleep
to pass (time/through)
to hurry
to tamper
to undulate
to fall, sink
to limit
meaning
Conjugate as verbs. Except *irregular variation:
:
:
and
to kick
to know
to speak
to slip, ski
to compete
to be necessary
to go in
to roast
to become sultry
to choose
to carve
to turn over/invert
to return (home)
to cut
to be damp
to refine
to decrease
to shine
to grasp
to fall over
to enter
to run
to fart
to visit
to belittle
to cross
to pass by
Adjectives
adjectives
( -adjectives)
Conjugates: see table
For polite forms,
Note:
adjectival nouns
( -adjectives)
Conjugates:
Adverbial:
Attributive:
Note: some end in , e.g.
, , ,
but none have ,
except
Form
-adj.
<remove ~ >
Stem
Negative
Past
Past Negative
Conjunctive
Neg. Conj.
Adverbial
Conditional
Neg. Cond.
When Cond.
Neg. When