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606

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3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.6
3.7
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6
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.


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* (.)

2. 2475

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2475
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1

2475
2516
2516

2516




2519
/

2520
(2523 2531)


(2531 2534)
2534
Buffet Cabinet


2535
.. 2540

2516
/

2535
(2544 2549)

2549

/


/
/


2516 2535
2540


2475

2 /


BureaucraticPolity .

(2530)
Riggs
(1966) 2520

Girling (1981; 1981a), Neher and
Bowornwathana (1984), Ramsay (1985) Suriyamongkol and Guyot (n.d.)
(2532/2546: 241) ... 2516 2531
... 2549



(Constitutional Mapping)

/




2475 2511

2521
2519

2534
2535





2475 2549 9
/ (7 ) (1
) ( 2)3

2500 2475 2495


1 2
90 (
18 2500)
5

8 ( 2) 5
( 2549)
4 1 4
3 ( 2511 2521 2534)
1 (. 2492)5 ( 3)

3
2489 2517 2540
2489 2517 2540

2475



. 2515 2514
2516
5
2492
2490 2490

2490
. 2491 . 2490
2492 2492 2492
( 2518)
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2475 2516
.. 2475 2475

2489 2490 2490 /
2492
2494 2475/2495
2500 2501 .. 2502
/ .. 2502
2511 2511
2489 2490
2511
2514
.. 2515 / ( 1)

(2529/2524) (2546 :
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2489 (2530) 2492 (2518) 2517
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2475 2516

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. 2492

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. 2475
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. 2475/95 . 2502
. 2515

2516
2517
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2519 .. 2520

/
2521
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2
2516 - 2531

. 2517

. 2521

2515

. 2519
2520

2521


2534

.. 2534 /
2521 2534
2521 7
2535 2540
2549

2534 2534
(2535)
9


2549 ( 3)

3
2531 2549

. 2521

. 2549

. 2540 . 2534/38 . 2534

10

4 2475 2549
(Peak) 2489 2492 2511 2517 2521
2540 (Trough) 2490
2502 2515 2549 3
(1) 2475 2488
(2) 2489 2520
(3) 2521 2549

4
.. 2475 2549

11

2475 2488

.. 2475

2489 2520

2521 2549


12

3.

Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Convention (.. 1787)



8 Constitutional Convention
(Maddex 1996: 63 64 and 70)
Constitutional Convention


Rules of Constitutional Morality



(Constitutional Law)

ArticleV


200
26 (Barendt 1998: 8 9 ) Rigid
Constitution Levinson (1995) Flexible
Constitution
13



9


10
/
11
?





(2534)

...



2475 ( 46) 2489 ( 66) 2517 ( 177)


2540 ( 201)
10
2535 ( )

11
2502 ( 20) 2515 ( 22) 2519 ( 25) 2520 ( 30) 2534 ( 30) 2549
( 38)

14


...
( 2534/2538: 138)

12 /



2475 ( 63) 2489 ( 6 85) 2490 ( 7 93 95)

12

2492 ( 10 173 176) 2475/2495 ( 8 111)


2502 ( 6 13) 2511 ( 10 169 172)
2515 ( 10 11) 2517 ( 11 228 231)
2519 ( 24) 2520 ( 9 12)
2521 ( 11 194) 2534 ( 10 -11)
2534 ( 11 211) 2534/2539 ( 11 211 211 )
2540 ( 12 313) 2549 ( 19 -32)
15







2

8

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) (Fiscal and
Monetary Constitution)
(6)
(7) (Minority Voting Rule)
(8)
3.1


2475

16

2516 2519
2535

2492
... 2511

( )
( )
251713
2521 2534

2534/2539 ( 2540) 2549 (
2550 ?) (Voice)


2540


(
2546: ) 2549 (
2550)

2517 (2528)

13

17



2540
(. 2540 12 313)
14
3.2
( 2)




(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

14

2540 5
( 336)
(1)
(2)
(3)
[ 313 (1)]
(1)
(2) 20%
(3) 20%
2540
5

18

3.2.1




2489
( 66)


4 2475 2549

15
/ ( 2475
2475/2495 2511)
( 2521 2534)
17 2475 2549 7
( 4)

3.2.2


.. 2475 ( )

15

(2529/2549: 182 183)



(Bureaucratic Politician)

(Professional Politician) (
2529/2549: 252 253)
19

( 2475 33) 16 /
17
2475 2549 3 17
2517 2534 ( 4) .. 2535 2540
2489
( 5)
2517
( 2517 177 )

2516


2519 2521
2519 8
(2523 2531)
2531


2534 2521
2534 2521

2535

10 .. 2475
70 6

17
. 2475 2475 2
.. ..
16

20

2535
2534 4
(1) [ 2534 ( 1)
.. 2535]
(2)
[ 2534 ( 2) .. 2535]
(3)
[
2534 ( 3) .. 2535]
(4) [ 2534
( 4) .. 2535]
2540













21

3.2.3

17 2475 2549 3
( 6)

.. 2475 (
)

(1) 2475 14
( 2475 47) 14 24 (
) ( 46)
(2) 2517
( 2517 177 )

.. 2475




3.2.4
(Unicameralism)

22

(Bicameralism)

17 2475 2549 8
( 3)18 2489 2490 2492
2511 2517 2521 2534
2540 8 6
( ) ( 7)

2489 2517 2517


2521 2534
2534
2534
2534 2535
[ 2534
( 1) .. 2535] 2540




18

7 9 2534/2535 (1) 2534/2538 2534


2534 2535

23

2540
2540



3.3

(Separation of Powers) (Check and Balance)
2475

(Montesquieu)
LEsprit des Lois (The Spirit of the Laws) (1748)

(James Madison) Division of


Powers Separation of Powers
(Concentration of Power) (Barendt 1998: 14)

24


19
(Separation of Functions)
(Physical Separation of Persons)


(Checking and Balancing)




(Marshall 1980: 100)
2
(Marshall 1980: 101)


(Carroll 2002: 35) .. 1787


( ) ()
()

Marshall(1980:100103) 5

19

25

(1)



(Impeachment)
(
)
(2)
(Veto)



(3)







Barendt (1998: 14 17)
2
Pure Separation of Powers
(Separation of Functions) (Physical
Separation of Persons)

Partial Separation
of Powers

26

Pure
Separation of Powers Partial Separation of Powers

(Carroll 2002: 35 36)


(House of Commons) (Lord
Chancellor) () ()
()

(Parliamentary
System) (Presidential System)
Partial Separations of Powers
20
3
(1) (Separation of Functions)
(2) (Physical Separation of Persons)
(3) (Check and Balance)

(2538)

20

(2540)
27

3.3.1 (Separation of Functions)


3
(1)
()21
(2)
(3)
3.3.1.1

(
)

/




()

2540



4

21


( 8)
28


17 2475 - 2549 13
( 9)
2489
( 3.5)





(
2532/2546: 136 137)

22

(Administrative Law)
( 9)
2
(1)

(2)

2475

22

( 4)
29








( 2532/2546: 164
166)
3.3.1.2


( 9)
( 15)



..
.. 2513 (
2546 : 162 165)23 2540 (. 2540 180
6)24

2512 2514

2511 ..


24
. 2540 180 6

23

30

25

3.3.1.3

( 10 ) /
(7 ) ( 25)
.. 2475 ( 25)



( 22)


26
2544 -2549


/ ( 17)

2546 2547

25

( )
2540 ( 2546 ; 2548 :147)
26
2540 255 257
277 - 278
31

3.3.2 (Physical Separation of Persons)



(1)

(2)

2521

/
2534 (
) .. 2449 ( 25)


2475 8
( 17) 2

/ 6
2502 2515 2519
2520 2534 2549

6

32


2 2511 ()
2540 ()

(Separation of Powers)
.. 2511

...



...
2511


(2500 2511)

..


2514
2540
2511

(. 2540 204) 2540
2511

33


2511 2540


27
3.3.3 (Check and Balance)



Check and Balance

28

2540

2511 2540 2511

27

89
95 2540
109 (8) ...
(2544 2549)
28
(2530) (2543)
(2549) CheckandBalance

34

3.3.3.1

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

(5)
(6)

(7)
(8)

(1)
17 2475 2549 11
/
( 19)

(2)
17 2475 2549 11

/ ( 10)29

29

.. 2475 () .. 2490
35

(3)

2



()30 ()


2492
( 2492 146) 2475/2495
2511
/
31

32
2511
( 2511
141) 2517 ...
2518

2475 ( 50) 2489 ( 69) 2475/2495 ( 84)

30

2475 2502 2515 2519 2520 2549

31

2475 2489 2490 2475/2495

32

36

17 2475 2549
( 11)

6
33

5
34

6
35

2517

( 2517 184)
(16.67% + 1) (
32)36

( 3.3.7 32)
37
(4)

17 2475 2549

2475 2489 2490 2492 2475/2495


2517
34
2511 2521 2534 2534 2540
35
2475 2502 2515 2519 2520
2549
36
2517
( 133) ( 134)
(16.67% + 1)
37

33

37

10
/38 ( 12)
3

(8 -9 10 )
2492
2511
2534
251139
. 2534 2521
. 2535
2534 [ 2534
(3) .. 2535]
2511 2534

() ( 24 2489
2490) (% )

2475 2502 2515 2519 2520 2534 2549

38

2490

( 12)
2534 150 219

150 150
... 221 ... 217
219 4
2534

39

38

2492
2492
2511


2540
(
40% 20% ) 2540


?
10 2475 2549
6
40 ( 12)

(Minority Voting Rule)41 32


2517
(Simple Majority Rule)
( 8)

2475 2489 2490 2492 2475/2495 2511

40
41

6
(16.67%+1) ( 32)
39



(Super Majority Rule)
2475




()

() ()



2534
2534 253542
2540 ( 159)
(5)
17 2475 2549 11
6

2534 127

42



( 2534 127 ) 2535 127
( 2) .. 2535 29 2535
2540

40

/ 43 ( 14) /
2 2490 2549


2475 ...







11
( 14)

2475
2

2534 2
44 2534

( 149 )
(1)

2475 2502 2515 2519 2520 2534 ( 13)

43

Carroll(2002:137138)

44

41

(2)

45 2540
..
..
3
( 2540 184)
(6)

17 2475 2549 7

/
2549 ( 15) 2
?
( 2475/2495
2549) (
( 2492 2511) 2517

2534 ( 151)46 2540 ( 187)
151 2534 2535

Carroll(2002:137)

45
46

2535 2534
.
. 2535 2534 151
.. 2534 ( 3) .. 2535

42

187 2540


?
( 2492
2475/2495 2511 2517)
( 2534
2540) 2549 100 (
16)47


( 2492
2475/2495 2511 2517)
2534 2540
(
2540)


(7)
2
(1)

2549 250 100 40%

47

250
43

(2)



/ ( 2541 7: 26 29)

2489

2534



( 2534 173)
2540 2534 ( 2540
219)
(8)

17
2475 2549 11
2
( 2475 2490) ( 15)

(1)
44

(2)
2475 2489 2492 2475/2495 2511
2517 2521
2517
( 22)


(1)
(2)
(3)
2534 2540 ( 22)


(2532/2546: 156 -157) ...

(MFA)
( 2525 2529)
(GATT)

2475



45

3.3.3.2


17 2475
2549 10 ( 24)
?

(2530: 607 620)

...


.. ( 2530: 607 608)
...

... ( 2530:
610)


48

48

(2530)


(SubordinateLaw)... ( 2530:608)
46



49

( 2530: 610
614)

Blank Cheque


3.3.3.3

2540


(1)
(2)
(3)

(2543:327 338) (2530:


607 620)
49
(2543: 333 337)
47

3.4

(Albert Venn Dicey 1835 1922) 50 (Parliamentary
Sovereignty)
51



Parliamentary Supremacy Barendt (1998: 93 96)
(House of Commons)
(House of Lords)

A.V.Dicey

50

LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience AnIntroductionto
theStudyoftheLawoftheConstitution(1885)
51

48

Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary Supremacy


(Marshal 1980: 43 53; Carrol 2002: chapter 5;
Bradley 2000)

Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary
Supremacy (Bradley 2000; Barendt 1998: 96 99)

2475 52

2

3.4.1

8 ( 9 33)

( 2475) ( 2489)

52

(2512 2514)
2511

..

49

( 2534)


( 2489)


20 ( 2521)
20

( 2511)

2517
2521


( 2511
) ( 2540
)
(Minority Voting Rule)
(Simple Majority Rule) 50% 50%
( 2517)


( 2521)

(Minority Voting Rule)
( 3.7)
50


( 2475)
3.4.2
2475 2549


2540
53

2 (
34)

() ( 2489)
( 2490)

2511

( 2540
)
( )
( 2489)
(1)
( 2489)

(2)

2489

53

51

( 2492) ( 2511)

2534 [ 2534/2535 (3)]
(3) ()
( 2489)
(4)
( 2492)
( 2534 2540)
2475 2549

2540 2540

( 2546 : 185 -188)

2475 2549


(Strong Prime Minister)
2540


2475 2549


52

(Power Concentration)

3.5
(Fiscal and Monetary Constitution)
Public Choice Constitutional
Political Economy54 (Leviathan)
(McKenzie 1984)


(Democracy in Deficit)55
(Balance Budget Amendment)56
57
(McKenzie
1984)
2500 (Yeager 1962) Friedman (1962)

Aranson (1984), Brennan (1984), Azariadis and Galasso (1998), Niskanen

54

(1992),MarlowandOrzechowski(1997),Forte(1999) PerssonandTabellini(1996a;1996b)
Buchanan and Wagner (1977) Buchanan, Rowley and Tollison

55

(1986)

Tobin (1978; 1981; 1983),


BuchananandWagner(1978) Buchanan,RowleyandTollison(1986)
57
(Tax Constitution) Brennan and Buchanan (1980), Ackerman (1999)
56

Zelenak(1999)

53

Public Choice Constitutional Political Economy


2500 58


Public Choice Constitutional Political Economy
Public Choice Constitutional Political Economy



3

(1)
(2)
(3)

3.5.1

2489 / (
2502 2520 2534)59 26

2500 Friedman(1962),Viner(1962) Buchanan(1962)

58

Leijonhufvud(1984) Bernholz(1986)
/ 2490 2515 2519 2549 ( 26)

59

54


()


()
?
2475

( 20)
(1)

(2)
(3)


(4)

(5)

17 2475 2549 12
( 26) 7
( 27)



2540

( 27)
55




( 2532/2546: 132 133)









...




56





3.5.2
17 2475 2549 14

2489 ( 28)

( 2540 220 )



57



(Taxation Without Representation) (
2532/2546: 166 167)60
14 2475 2549
1
13 5
5
2 2 3
3 ( 29)

(Tax Constitution)
(Monetary Constitution)
Public
Choice Constitutional Political Economy Public Choice Constitutional Political
Economy

() 61
3.5.3

17 2475 2549
3 ( 2521 2534

60

The Bill of Rights 1689


(Barendt1998: 86;Carroll2002:148149)
61
(2537: 292 305)
58

2540) 2521 ( 30 23)

2
(1)
(2)





(1)
(2)
(3)
( 2540 180 )

.. 2517 ( 25
2517) (Constitutionalization)
2521
2517

9
( 2517 104)
( 105)
2521
2534 2540
2521
59


?

(Deflationary Mechanism)



()


2



(line item)
/





.. 2512 (
2532/2546: 134 -135)





60


(Voting Gains Maximization)


Buchanan and Wagner (1977)
Democracy in Deficit62
3.6 63
2492

.. 2492

2540 8 ( 35)
/
2502 2515 2520 2519

2492
( 2490 2491)
2490 () .. 2490

8
2491 .

... (2544 2549)

62


(QuasiFiscalPolicy)

63
(2545; 2546 : 6)
61

.. 2492 23 2492


2492
( 2492 54)
2492

2 2517 2540
2517 3

2540
2517

2540

2


(Policy Menu)





62



( 54 2492)
( 62 2517)
( 54 2492)






2540 4


64

2540

64


63

2540


( 84 2540)




() ()



65

65



(2545; 2546 : 6)
64


( 35)



3.7 (Minority Voting Rule)


(Social Choice)
(Social
Welfare Maximization)
(Unanimity Rule) (Pareto
Optimality)
(status quo)
(Decision Making Cost)
(Simple Majority Rule)
Voting
Paradox The Impossibility Theorem (Kenneth Arrow) (Arrow,
1963)

65


(Simple Majority Rule)
2475 (
) (Minority Voting
Rule)
2

24

2475 2549
2475 2520
(
.. 2475) 17 2475 -2549 10
2
(
31) 2521
2534
17 2475 2549 12
5

( 24)

(Minority Voting Rule)

( 32)
66

17 2475 25449 2
( 32)
(1) 16.67 % 8

(2) 25% 4

(3) 5

2475 2520
16.67% (
.. 2475) 2521 25%
16.67%
16.67%
25%

3

(Law
Enforcement)





67


66
(Social Safety Net)



50%





66

... (2544 2549) .. 2546



...

(2546)
68

3.8

2475





2517
/
2490 2511


2511 2521
/ 2520

2511


69

2534 .. 2539
2540

2540
( 2546 : 2) 2520


/



299 12
2515
2516

/






70

4.
...




...
[ (2521) (2545 : 140)]

(2496)





...6768
69 ..

... 70


(2496) (2545 : 401)

67

(2505) (2545 : 179)

68

(2516) (2545 : 193)

69

(2516) (2545 : 194)

70

71


71


...
..
...72
2
73
...

... 74
?



...



(2509) (2545 : 363 - 386)

71

(2516) (2545 : 13)

72

(2521) (2545 : 140) (2516)

73

...
... ( 2545 : 313 314)
74
(2516) (2545 : 13)
72


...75
76


77


(Good Governance)
(Washington Consensus) 2520
2490
3 (Transparency) (Participation)
(Accountability)

(Freedom of Information)
78



79

(2521) (2545 : 142)

75

(2516) (2545 : 11)

76

(2516) (2545 : 12)

77

2475

78

2475 .
(8 2515)
(2538: 152 -160)
79
(2496) (2545: 403)
73


2 (Conflicts of Interest)
...

2 (1)
... (2) ...
...80


...







... 81

(2539 ; 2539 )



(2503) (2545 : 150)

80

(2496) (2545 : 403)

81

74

75

5.
2






( 3)

( 3.1)


( 3.8)





( 3.2)


( 3.3)
( 3.4)

76

(
3.5)
Public Choice Constitutional Political Economy




(Taxation Without Representation)









82



Carroll(2002:148156)

82

77

2






17 2475 2549
2
2517 2540 2517

2540
2540 2517

2540
( 2546 : 180 201; 2547: 127
136) 2540

2540 (Private Goods)


(
)

78

(Pure Public Goods)


(Non Rivalness) (Non Excludability)





(Free Riders)



2540

( 2546 : 200 201)







2540 ( 46) 2540
( 2546 : 355 358)
2540 ( 58 59)
... .. 2540 2540
( 2546 : 186 190)

79




83



(PoliticalAccountability)

83

HumphriesandBates(2005)Bates(Forthcoming)
80

6.

81



2475
3










( 3)

82

2475 2549

2490
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

2475

2475
2475/2495
2521
2534

2492
2534/2538

2489
2517
2540

83

2475 2549

1. 2475
2. 2490
3. 2494
4. 2500
5. 2501
6. 2514
7. 2516
8. 2519
9. 2520
10. 2534
11. 2535
12. 2549

2475
2490
2475/2495

2502
2515
2517
2519
2520
2534
2540
2549

/

/
/

/
/
/

84

2475 2549

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

2490
2502
2515
2520
2534
2549

2492
2511

2521
2543
?

85

2475 -2549

2489
2492
2517
2519
2521
2534
2540

2475
2475
2490
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2520
2534
2549

10

: 1

86

5

2475 2549

2475
2475
2517
2534/2535 (4)
2540

2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2549

13

: 2
: 17 2534/2535 (4) 2534

87

2475 2549

..
(100%)
14 (58.3 -100.0%)
50%

2475
2475
2517
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549
14

: 2
: 1. 2475
2. 2475 14 24

88

2475 2549

2517
2534/2535 (1)
2534/2538
2540

2489
2490
2492
2511
2521
2534

: 3
: 1. 2534/2535 (1) 2534/2538
2. 9

89

2475 2549

2475
2475
2475/2495
2489
2490
2492
2511
2517
2521
2534
2540

2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

()

: 4
:

90

2475 2549

2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2515
2517
2519
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549

2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549
15
2475
2502

2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549

13
2475
2475
2502
2520
4

14
2475
2475
2502

: 5

91

10

2475 2549

()

2475
2475
2475/2495

2489
2490
2492
2511
2517
2521
2534
2540

2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

: 6

92

11

2475 2549

1.

2475
2492
2475/2495
2517
4

2489
2490
2511*
2521*
2534*
2540*
6
2534

1
2475
2502
2515
2519
2520
2549
6

93


2.

2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2517
6

2511
2521
2534
2534
2540
5

2475
2502
2515
2519
2520
2549
6

: 7

94

12

2475 2549

2475
2489
2490
2475/2495
2517
2521
2534/2535 (3)
2540
2511
2534
2475
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

2
7

: 8
: 17 2534/2535 2534

95

13

2475 2549

24

2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2517
2521
2534
2540 ( .)
2475
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

2
5

: 8
: 1. 2475, 2489 2490

2. 2540 ..

96

14

2475 2549

2475
2475/2549

2489
2490
2492
2511
2517
2521
2534
2540
2549

2475
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534

: 9

97

15

2475 2549

2475/2495
2517
2492
2511
2534
2540
2549
2475
2475
2489
2490
2502
2515
2519
2520
2521
2534

2
2
1
10

: 10

98

16

2475 2549

2492
2475/2495
2511
2517
2534
2540
2549
2475
2475
2489
2490
2502
2515
2519
2520
2521
2534

100

1
1
1
10

: 10

99

17

2475 2549

2511
2540
2
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549
6
2475
2475/2495
2
2475
2489
2490
2492
2517
2521
2534
7

/
/

..
..

: 11

100

18

2475 2549

2489
2492
2517
2521
2534
2540
6

2475
2475
2517
2534/2535 (4)
2540
5

2475
2475
2517

101

2502
2511
2515
2519
2520
2534
2540
2549
8

: 1, 2 11

102

19

2475 - 2549

2475
2475
2475/2495
2517
2521
2489
2490
2492
2511
2534
2540
2502
2515
2519
2520
2534
2549

(/)

: 12

103

20

2475 - 2549

2475
2475

2489
2492
2475/2495
2517
2521
2534
2540
2490
2511
2534

//

2502
2520
2515
2519
2549

2
1
2
3

: 13

104

21

2475 - 2549

2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549

2475
2475
2502

14

: 14

105

22

2475 2549

1.

. 2515
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549
. 2489
. 2492
. 2475/2495
.2511
. 2517
. 2521
.2534
. 2540
. 2490

2.

3.

4.

. 2475
. 2475
. 2502

1
3

: 14

106

23

2475 2549

1.

. 2475
. 2489
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
. 2475
. 2489
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
2517
2521
2534
2540

2.

3.

4.

2
2

107

5.

6.

7.

2517

2475
2490
2502
2515
2519
2520
2549

2
5

: 15

108

24

2475 2549

. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
. 2475
. 2502
. 2515
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549

10

: 16

109

25

2475 2549

1.

2.

. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
10
. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2502
. 2511
. 2515
. 2517
. 2519
. 2520
. 2521
. 2534

2475
. 2502
. 2515
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549

7
. 2547

110

3.

. 2534
. 2540
.2549
16
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540

1
. 2475
. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2502
.2511
. 2515
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549
13

: 17 18

111

26

2475 2549

. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2515
. 2517
. 2519
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
. 2549

. 2475
. 2475
. 2502
. 2520
. 2534

12

: 19

112

27

2475 2549

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2511

. 2515
. 2549
. 2519

. 2540

. 2475
. 2475
. 2502
. 2520
. 2534

: 21

113

28

2475 2549

. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2515
. 2517
. 2519
. 2520
. 2521
. 2534
. 2534
. 2540
. 2549

. 2475
.2475
. 2502

14

: 22

114

29

2475 2549

1.

2.

. 2490

. 2515
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549
. 2489
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2540
. 2475
. 2475
. 2502

3. 2

4. 3

5.

: 22

115

30

2475 2549

. 2521
. 2534
. 2540

. 2475
. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2502
. 2511
. 2515
. 2517
. 2519
. 2520
. 2534
. 2549

14

: 23

116

31

2475 2549

2475
2498
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2515
2517
2520
2534

2475
2521
2534
2540
2549

2502 ()
2519 ()

: 24

117

32

2475 2549

16.67% +1

2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2511
2517
2534

25% +1

2475
2521
2534
2540

2502
2515
2519
2520
2549

: 25
118

33

2475 2549

2475

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

2489

1.

2.
..

1.

2.

2511

1.

1. 2517


2521

119

2517

2.

2.

1.

1. 2521

2.

2.

2521

1.


..
20
2.

1.

2. 2475

120

3.

2534

2540


2475

2521

3.
2540

1.

2.

1.
2540

1.

2550

2. 2540

121

34

2475 2549

2489

1.

()

1.




2540
2.

2540
3.
2489

2492
2517
2521

2.

3.

()

122

4.

5.

4. 2489

5.

2535

2540

2490

1.

1.

2511

2492

1.

1.
2517
..
123

2511

1.
..


2534 2540
.

1. 2511
..

.
2534

2534/2534 (3)

124

35

.. 2475 2540

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2511
. 2517
. 2521
. 2534
. 2534/2538
. 2540

:
:

. 54 72
. 38 44
. 53 70
. 62 94
. 53 73
. 59 80
. 58 89
. 71 89

19
7
18
33
21
22
32
19

17
7
15
39
36
46
54
49 (54)

(2546 : 369)
2540

125


.

2524
2528
2537
2489

2530
13 1
( 2534)
2537

2549
2538
(2545 ) 2545
(2545 ) 2545
(2545 ) 2545
:
2519
:
2520
.. 2540 3
2543
(2532/2546) :
.. 2475 - 2530

2546 ..
2532
(2539 )
5 2539
(2539 ) Financial Day
10 2539

20 2 3 ( 2545) 65
-140
(2546 ) 2546
(2546 ) 2546
(2546 )
18 2546
2547
(2548 ) Thaksinomics
OpenBooks 2548
(2548 ) Thaksinomics
OpenBooks 2548
( ) .. 2549:
605 .
( 2550)

2522
2530
2517
2523
.. 2516
2519

.. 2475
2514
2492
2518
2534 2534 2535
() 2475 2534
60

24 -28 2535
(2529/2549)
2549 .. 2529
.. 2540
:

.. 2546 2546

27 2530

16 ( 2540)
.
Ackerman, Bruce. Taxation and the Constitution, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 9, No. 1 (January
1999), pp. 1 58.
Aranson, Peter H. Constitutionalizing the Regulatory Process, in McKenzie (1984: 187 206).
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Bagehot, Walter. The English Constitution. Edited by Paul Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge
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Bates, Robert H. Political Reform, in Benno Ndulu, et. al. (eds.), The Political Economy of
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2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2534/2538
2540
2549



66

142




179
16

148

162
166
207

/
/

2475 2549

2475

33

( 33)

2475

47

14
..
( 47)
.
14
24
( 46)

2489

2490

2492

2475/2495

2502

2511

2515

2517

177

( 177 )

2519

2520

2521

2534

2534

2534/2535(4)

159

2534/2538

163

2540

201

2549

2475 - 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2534/2535 (1)
2534/2538
2540
2549



( 63)
( 71)
( 74)

( 72)

( 96)

( 75)

( 86)
( 3)
( 91)
( 91)

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549

. 8
. 36
. 18
. 27
. 75
. 66
. 5
. 73
. 9
. 97
. 7
. 16
. 76
. 17
. 87
. 92
. 10

( )
( )
( )

()
( )

( )

( )

( )
( )

:
:

2475 - 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2534/2538
2540
2549

22 53
31 61
121
73
117
9
146
15
125
17
137
143
169
10

72 73
80 81
150 151
88 89
146 147
15
190 191
19
26
157 158
26
172 174
175 177
218 220
15

56
78
86
157
95
153
16
192
20
25
159
25
175
178
221
16

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2540
2549

. 9
. 40
. 56
. 64
. 128
. 74
. 125
. 156
. 135
. 148
. 182
-

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492

. 50
. 69
. 77
. 146

2475/2495
2502
2511

. 84
. 141

2515
2517*

. 184

2519
2520
2521

. 151

. (. 51)
. (. 70)
. (. 78)
.
[. 148 (1)]
. (. 87)

.
[. 187 (2)]

2534

. 19

2534

165

2534/2538

169

2540

. 211

2549

:
: 2517

2475 2549

2475
2475

. 41

2489

. 34

2490

. 42

2492

. 131

2475/2495

. 76

2502
2511

. 128

2515

.
24
.
24
.

2517

. 159

2519
2520
2521

. 137

1. .

2.
.

1. .

2.
.

2534

2534

. 150

1. .

2.
.

2534/2535

. 3

1.

2. 4

( 219
221)

(
219 221
2534)

2540
. 185

1. .

2540
. 186

2549

2.

3.
.

1. .

2.
.

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517

. 40
. 57
. 65
. 129
. 74
. 126
. 157

2519
2520
2521

. 136

2534
2534

. 149

1.
2.

2540

. 183
. 184

-
..
1.

2. ..

3

2549

. 11

3.

1
-

10

2475 2549

2475

2475
2489
2490
2492

. 130

.. ..

2475/2495

. 75

..

.. ..

..

2502
2511

. 127

.. ..

2515

.. ..

2517

. 158

..

2519
2520
2521
2534
2534

. 151

2540

.189

..

2534/
2535 (3)
29

2535
-

2549
. 11


100
:

11

2475 2549

2475

2475

.
.
( 49)

2489

2490

2492

2475/2495

. . .
( 83)

2502

( 14 )

2511

( 139)

2515

( 14 )

2517

2519

( 16 )

2520



( 24 )

2521

2534



( 24 )

2534

2534/2535(4)

2534/2538

2540

( 204 )

2549

( 14 )

12

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534

. 50
. 69
. 77
. 145
. 84
. 142
. 183
. 152
. 166

2534/2538
. 170

2540
. 212

2549
:
: 2475 69

13

..2475 2549

..2475

70 ( 10)

.2475


2

( 36 65)

.2489

1.
2.
( 22)

1.

2.
( 53)

.2490

1.
2.

( 31 61)

1. (
)

2.
( 61)

.2492

1.
2.
( 121)

1.

2. ( 121)

.2475/2495

1.
1.
()
2. 2

2.

( 45, 115 73)


( 73)

.2502

(
)
( 5, 6 7)

.2511

1.
2.
3.
( 117)

1. (
)

2.
( 117)

.2515

1.

2.
( 9)

( 9)

.2517

1.
2.
( 146)

1.

2.
( 146)

.2519

1.
2.

( 15)

.2520


( 16)

.2521

1.
1.
2.

20
..

2.

( 125)
( 125)

.2534

( 17)

.2534

1.
2.

..

( 15)

1.
2.

20
( 137)

..

( 137)

.2534/2538

1.
2.

..

20
( 143)

1.
2.

..


( 143)

.2540

1.
2.

..
20
( 169)
[ 1 2
..
]
3.
50,000

.
3 5
.
. ( 170)

1.
2.

..


( 169)

.2549

1.
( 10 )
25
2.
( 10 )

14

2475 2549

. 2475
. 2475
. 2489

72

. 2490

80

. 2492

150

. 2475/2495

88

. 2502
. 2511

146

. 2515

15

(1.)

(2.)

(1.)

(2.)

. 2489 .
2490

. 2489 .
2490

. 2517

190

. 2519

19

. 2520

26

. 2521
. 2534

157
26

(1.)

(2.)

(3.)


. 2517

. 2534

172

. 2517 1-3

173

172

. 2534
172
. 2534
173

. 2540

218
219

. 2459

15

15

.. 2475 2549

1.
.. 2475
36

()

2. .2475
54

(1)

(2)

3. .2489
76


(1)

(2)

4. .2490
84

5. .2492
154
137 (8)


(1)

(2)

6. .2475/2495
92

(1)

(2)

7.
.. 2502

8. .2511
150
134 (9)

9.
.. 2515


(1)

(2)

10. .2517
195
165 (4)


(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

11. .2519

12. .2520

13. .2521
162
143 (12)


(1)

(2)

(3)

14.
.. 2534

15. .2534
178
156 (12)


(1)

(2)

(3)

16. .2534/2538
181
160 (13)


(1)

(2)

(3)

17. .2540
224
193 (15)


(1)

(2)

(3)

18. .2549

16

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2534/2538
2540
2549

. 35
. 32
. 40
. 97
. 65
. 93
. 122
. 101
. 112
. 118
. 116
-

17

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534
2534/2538
2540
2549

58
80
88
161
99

157

202

169

186
186
233

59
81
89
162
100

158

203

170

187
187
234

60
83
91
165
103
19
161
19
206
23
29
173
29
190
190
249
18

18

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490

2492

2475/2495

2502
2511

2515
2517

207

( 84)

( 92)

( 166 197)

( 104 105)

( 162 163)

( 208 209 210)

2519
2520
2521

174

2534
2534

191

2534/2538

191

2540

250

2549

( 175 176)

( 192 193)

( 192 193)

( 251)

:
:

19

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520
2521
2534
2534

53
61
121
73

117
9
146
15

125

137

73
81
151
89

147
15
191
19
26
158
26
174
172
173

133

146

2534/2538

143

152

2540

169

2549

10

177
175
176
220
218
219
15

180

20

2475 2549

2475
2475

2489






( 53 )

2490

61 2489 ( 53 )

2492






( 121 )

2475/2495

73 2492 ( 121 )

2502

2511

117 2492 ( 121 )

2515



( 9 )

2517


(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
( 146 )

2519

15

2520

2521

125 2517 ( 146 )

2534

2534


(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)
(5)
( 137 )

2534/2538

143 2534 ( 137 )

2540

169 2517 ( 146 )

2549

( 10 )

21

.. 2475 2549

.. 2475
. 2475
. 2489
. 2490
. 2492
. 2475/2495
. 2502
. 2511

. 2515
. 2517
. 2519
. 2520
. 2521
. 2534
. 2534
. 2534/2538


( 53)

( 61)

( 121)

( 73)

( 117)

( 9)

( 146)

( 15)


( 125)


( 137)

( 143)

. 2540

. 2549

. =
. =

( 169)

( 10 )

22

2475 2549

2475

2475

2489

73

( 73 )

2490

81

( 81)

2492

151

( 151 )

2475/2495

89

2502

2511

147

( 147 )

2515

15


( 15 )

( 89 )

( 88 )

2517

191

( 191 )

2519

19


( 19 )

2520

26


( 19 )

2521

158

( 158 )

2534

26


( 26 )

2534

174

( 174 )
(1)

( 172 )
(2)

20%


172

( 173)

2534/2538

177

( 177 )
(1)

( 175 )
(2)

20%


175

( 176)

2540

220

( 220 )
(1)

( 218 )
(2)

20%

218
( 219)
2549

15


( 15 )

23

2475 2549

2475
2475
2489
2490
2492
2475/2495
2502
2511
2515
2517
2519
2520

2521

133

133
(1)
(2)
(3)

2534

2534

146

146
(1)
(2)
(3)

2534/2538

152

152
2534
( 146 )

2540

180

180
2521
2534

2549

24

2475 2549

2475

( 22)

( 23)

2475

( 25)

( 26)

2489



( 40)

( 41)

2490

( 107)

( 108)

2475/2495

( 54)

( 55)

2502

( 9)

( 9)

2511



( 104)
( 103)

2515

( 8)

( 8 )

2517

( 8)

( 134)

2519

( 12)

( 12)

2520

( 13)

( 15)

2521



( 113)

( 112)

2534

( 14)

2534

( 123) ( 124)

( 16)

2534/2538

( 130)
( 129)

2540



( 156)

( 155)

2549

( 9)
( 9 )

25

2475 2549

2475

25% +1

2495

16.67% +1

2489

16.67% +1

2490

16.67% +1

2492

16.67% +1

2475/2495

16.67% +1

2502

2511

16.67% +1

2515

2519

2520

2521

25% +1

2534

16.67% +1

2534

25% +1

2540

25% +1

2549

: 24

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