1. S--Vi--(A!." (S#$%ect--&ntransiti!e Ver$--A!er$' #s#a((y optiona(" The )an coughed ((o#(y". The a#ience laughed. The *#est has arrived. The chi(ren walked o+n the street. The +aiter hurried a+ay ,ro) the oor. Note: An intransiti!e !er$ is an action !er$ that oes not re-#ire a irect o$%ect or a co)p(e)ent to co)p(ete its )eanin*. The +or .intransiti!e. (itera((y )eans .oes not carry across.. There,ore' the action o, the !er$ oes not trans,er to an o$%ect' that is' a person or thin* that recei!es the action o, the !er$. /,ten' a!er$s or a!er$ phrases +i(( appear in these sentences to e0pan the $asic )eanin* o, the !er$. Note: So)e intransiti!e !er$s can take a irect o$%ect in a i,,erent sentence. 1s#a((y the )eanin* o, the !er$ chan*es in a sentence re-#irin* a irect o$%ect. 2ere is an e0a)p(e: 2e runs e!ery )ornin*. (intransiti!e !er$" 2e runs a s#ccess,#( $#siness. (transiti!e !er$" 1 Sentence Mastery Workshop SENTENCE PATTERNS: SAMPLES 3. Transitive Verb Patterns (Active Voice) A. S--Vtr--4/ (S#$%ect 5 Transiti!e Ver$ 5 4irect /$%ect" The o* catches the $a((. The $a$y likes $ananas. 4o*s chase cats. That )an teaches En*(ish. The scientist performed an e0peri)ent. Note: So)e !er$s re-#ire an a!er$ +ith this pattern. S--Vtr--4/--A!. (S#$%ect 5 Transiti!e Ver$ 5 4irect /$%ect 5 A!er$" The *#ar put the key in the oor. The po(ice treated the o( )an po(ite(y. . S--Vtr--&/--4/ (S#$%ect 5 Transiti!e Ver$ 5 &nirect /$%ect 5 4irect /$%ect" To) wrote his )other a (etter. Mr. S)ith teaches the st#ents En*(ish. The o* gives the )an the ne+spaper. The shopper gave the c(erk ten o((ars. Pear( sent To) a $ook. !. S--Vtr--4/--/C (S#$%ect 5 Transiti!e Ver$ 5 4irect /$%ect 5 /$%ect Co)p(e)ent" 2e called the teacher a *eni#s. Teachin* En*(ish is driving She((ey $ananas. The c(ass elected 6erry presient. St#yin* keeps hi) $#sy. The (a+yer considered the e,enant innocent. A(ice cut her hair short. The chi( made her )other happy. 3 Sentence Mastery Workshop SENTENCE PATTERNS: SAMPLES 7. S--V(k--SC (S#$%ect--Linkin* Ver$--S#$%ect Co)p(e)ent" That )an is a )erchant. 2is $rother became chair)an. 2e will remain an o,,icer. The n#rse seemed tire. This so#p tastes *oo. & feel sick. My *ran,ather looks (or appears) o(. 2is hair turned *ray. Note: 8o# can o,ten eter)ine +hether the !er$ is (inkin* $y rep(acin* it +ith .to $e.. &, the )eanin* o, the sentence re)ains the sa)e' yo# ha!e a (inkin* !er$. Note: A s#$%ect co)p(e)ent ,o((o+s a (inkin* !er$. &t can $e either a no#n or an a%ecti!e. The no#n SC rena)es or ienti,ies the s#$%ect. The a%ecti!e SC escri$es the s#$%ect. 7 Sentence Mastery Workshop SENTENCE PATTERNS: SAMPLES 9a. S--V(to $e"--A! or PP (S#$%ect--Ver$ (.to $e."--A!er$ or Prepositiona( Phrase" My parents are here. My ho#se is on Vano+en Street. The *roceries are in the kitchen. Note: This pattern is si)i(ar to pattern 7 (S--V(k--SC". 2o+e!er' the !er$ is not ,o((o+e $y a s#$%ect co)p(e)ent (an a%ecti!e or no#n that co)p(etes the )eanin* o, the s#$%ect". &nstea' an a!er$ o, p(ace or a prepositiona( phrase sho+in* (ocation co)p(etes the )eanin* o, $e. &n this case' .to $e. is not a (inkin* !er$. So)e *ra))ar $ooks +i(( ca(( .to $e. an intransiti!e !er$ in this specia( case. &ntransiti!e !er$s o not re-#ire a co)p(e)ent or a irect o$%ect to co)p(ete their )eanin*. 9$. There--V(to $e"--S--A! or PP (There--Ver$ (.to $e."--S#$%ect--A!er$ or Prepositiona( Phrase" There was so)e )oney in )y pocket. There were t+o e0a)s yesteray. Note: This pattern is o,ten ca((e the .e(aye s#$%ect. pattern. The +or .there. (ca((e an e0p(eti!e" ,i((s in the p(ace +here the s#$%ect nor)a((y appears. The s#$%ect oesn:t appear #nti( a,ter the !er$. &, yo# e(ete .there. an )o!e the s#$%ect into its nor)a( position in ,ront o, the !er$' yo# ha!e )ae this a .pattern 9a. sentence. Re)e)$er that .there. is ne!er the s#$%ect o, the !er$. The !er$ )#st a*ree in n#)$er (sin*#(ar or p(#ra(" +ith the s#$%ect +or that ,o((o+s it. &, yo# #nerstan this pattern' yo# +i(( a(+ays kno+ +hether to )ake the !er$ sin*#(ar or p(#ra(. 9 Sentence Mastery Workshop N/TES /N TRANS&T&VE VER; PATTERNS: 1. The action e0presse $y a transiti!e !er$ .carries across. to a recei!er. The recei!er o, the action is ca((e the direct ob"ect. Transiti!e !er$s re-#ire a irect o$%ect to co)p(ete their )eanin*. A *oo test ,or reco*ni<in* a irect o$%ect is to ask the -#estion .+hat=. a,ter the !er$. The ans+er is the irect o$%ect. 3. The indirect ob"ect co)es $et+een a transiti!e !er$ an the irect o$%ect o, that !er$. The &./. recei!es the res#(t o, the action> in other +ors' the &./. recei!es the 4./. A *oo +ay to ienti,y the inirect o$%ect is to ask the -#estion .to +ho)=. or .,or +ho)=. a,ter the irect o$%ect. The ans+er is the inirect o$%ect. 7. An ob"ect complement co)p(etes the )eanin* o, the irect o$%ect +ith a no#n that rena)es it or an a%ecti!e that escri$es it. 9. &n the active voice transiti!e !er$ patterns sho+n on pa*e 3' the sub"ect o, the sentence per,or)s the action o, the !er$. /n(y transiti!e !er$ patterns can $e chan*e to the passi!e !oice. &n the passive voice' the s#$%ect o, the sentence does not per,or) the action o, the !er$. The s#$%ect is #s#a((y the recei!er o, the action (a irect or inirect o$%ect". ?or) the passi!e !er$ #sin* .to $e. as an a#0i(iary p(#s the past particip(e o, the )ain !er$. #$amples: Active voice: The o* catches the $a((. Passive voice: The $a(( is caught ($y the o*". Active voice: The scientist performed an e0peri)ent. Passive voice: An e0peri)ent was performed ($y the scientist". Active voice: Pear( sent To) a $ook. Passive voice: A $ook was sent to To) ($y Pear(". or To) was sent a $ook ($y Pear(". Active voice: 2e called the teacher a *eni#s. Passive voice: The teacher was called a *eni#s. @