English Grammar Summary For High School Students

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TM TT NG PHP TING ANH THPT

Bi 1: TH CA NG T
I- Hin ti n (Simple Present):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + V(s/es); S + am/is/are
- Cu ph nh: S + do/does + not + V; S + am/is/are + not
- Cu hi: Do/Does + S + V?; Am/Is/Are + S?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th hin ti n c dng din t:
2.1 Mt thi quen, mt hnh ng c lp i lp li thng xuyn. Trong cu thng c cc
trng t: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week/month
Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning.
2.2 Mt s tht lc no cng ng, mt chn l.
Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2.3 Mt hnh ng trong tng lai c a vo chng trnh,k hoch.
Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45.
II- Hin ti tip din (Present Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + am/is/are + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
- Cu hi: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th hin ti tip din dng din t:

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2.1 Mt hnh ng ang din ra hin ti (trong lc ni); sau cu mnh lnh, ngh. Trong
cu thng c cc trng t: now, right now, at the moment, at present,
Ex: What are you doing at the moment?
- Im writing a letter. Be quiet! My mother is sleeping.
2.2 Mt hnh ng c ln k hoch thc hin trong tng lai gn.
Ex: What are you doing tonight?
- I am going to the cinema with my father.
2.3 Mt hnh ng nht thi khng ko di lu, thng dng vi today, this week, this month,
these days,
Ex: What is your daughter doing these days?
- She is studying English at the foreign language center.
3) Nhng ng t khng c dng th HTTD:
3.1 ng t ch gic quan: hear, see, smell, taste
3.2 ng t ch tnh cm, cm xc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish
3.3 ng t ch trng thi, s lin h, s hu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, need..
3.4 ng t ch sinh hot tr tu: agree, understand, remember, know,
III- Hin ti hon thnh (Present Perfect):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + have/has+ V3/ed
- Cu ph nh: S + have/has + not + V3/ed
- Cu hi: Have/Has + S + V3/ed?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th HTHT dng din t:
2.1 Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh khng xc nh r thi im.
Ex: Have you had breakfast? No, I havent.


2.2 Mt hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh, cn ko di n hin ti.
Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998.
2.3 Mt hnh ng va mi xy ra.
Ex: I have just finished my homework.
2.4 Trong cu trc:
Be + the first/second time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nht + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
3) Cc trng t thng dng vi th HTHT:
just (va mi), recently/lately (gn y), ever ( tng), never (cha bao gi), yet (cha),
already (ri), since (t khi mc thi gian), for (khong), so far/until now/up to now/up to the
present (cho n by gi)
IV- Hin ti hon thnh tip din (Present Perfect Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + have/has+ been + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
- Cu hi: Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th HTHTTD c dng din t:
* Hnh ng bt u trong qu kh v ko di LIN TC n hin ti v cn tip din n
tng lai, thng dng vi How long, since v for.
Ex: How long have you been waiting for her?
- I have been waiting for her for an hour.
* HTHT: hnh ng hon tt
HTHTTD: hnh ng cn tip tc


V- Qu kh n (Simple Past):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh S + V2/ed; S + was/were
- Cu ph nh S + did + not + V; S + was/were + not
- Cu hi Did + S + V?; Was/Were + S?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th QK dng din t hnh ng xy ra v hon tt trong qu kh vi thi gian c xc
nh r. Cc trng t thng i km: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990..
Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969.
VI- Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + was/were + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + was/were + not + V-ing
- Cu hi: Was/Were + S + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th QKTD dng din t:
2.1 Mt hnh ng xy ra (v ko di) vo mt thi im hoc mt khong thi gian
trong qu kh.
Ex: She was studying her lesson at 7 last night.
What were you doing from 3pm to 6pm yesterday?
- I was practising English at that time.
2.2 Mt hnh ng ang xy ra (V-ing) qu kh th c mt hnh ng
khc xen vo (V2/ed).
Ex: He was sleeping when I came.
While my mother was cooking dinner, the phone rang.


2.3 Hai hnh ng din ra song song cng lc trong qu kh.
Ex: While I was doing my homework, my younger brother was playing video games.
VII- Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + had + V3/ed
- Cu ph nh: S + had+ not + V3/ed
- Cu hi: Had + S + V3/ed?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th QKHT dng din t:
2.1 Mt hnh ng xy ra v hon tt trc mt thi im hoc mt hnh ng khc trong qu
kh (hnh ng trc dng HAD + V3/ed, hnh ng sau dng V2/ed).
Ex: We had had dinner before eight oclock last night.
Lucie had learned English before she came to England.
2.2 Mt hnh ng xy ra nhng cha hon thnh, tnh n mt thi im no trong qu
kh.
Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years.
(Ti lc ti ri ngi trng y, ti dy c 10 nm.)
3) Th ny thng c dng vi cc t, ng sau y:
* After, before, when, as, once
Ex: When I got to the station, the train had already left.
* No sooner than (va mi th)
Hardly/Scarely when (va mi th)
Ex: He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill.
---> No sooner had he returned from abroad than he fell ill.
(Anh y va mi tr v t nc ngoi th m ra bnh.)


* It was not until that (mi cho ti mi )
Not until that (mi cho ti mi )
Ex: It was not until I had met her that I understood the problem.
---> Not until I had met her did I understand the problem.
(Mi ti khi ti gp c ta, ti mi hiu c vn .)
VIII- Qu kh hon thnh tip din (Past Perfect Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + had + been + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + had + not + been + V-ing
- Cu hi: Had + S + been + not + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th QKHTTD dng nhn mnh tnh LIN TC ca hnh ng cho n khi mt hnh ng
khc xy ra trong qu kh.
Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours.
IX- Tng lai n (Simple Future):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + will/shall + V
- Cu ph nh: S + will/shall + not + V
- Cu hi: Will/Shall + S + V?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th TL dng din t:
2.1 Mt hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai.
Ex: I will call you tomorrow.
2.2 Mt quyt nh a ra vo lc ni.
Ex: Its cold. Ill shut the window.


2.3 Mt quyt tm, li ha, ngh, yu cu.
Ex: I will lend you the money.
Will you marry me?
2.4 Mt tin on, d bo trong tng lai.
Ex: People will travel to Mars one day.
3) Mt s trng t ch thi gian thng gp:
tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future,
* LU : Cch dng ca be going to + V:
+ Din t nh (khng c trong k hoch)
Ex: I have saved some money. I am going to buy a new computer.
(Ti dnh c mt t tin. Ti nh mua mt my vi tnh mi.)
+ Din t mt d on c cn c
Ex: Look at those clouds. Its going to rain.
(Hy nhn nhng m my ka. Tri sp ma.)
X- Tng lai tip din (Future Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + will/shall + be + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing
- Cu hi: Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th TLTD dng din t mt hnh ng s ang din ra mt thi im hay mt khong
thi gian trong tng lai.
Ex: This time next week I will be playing tennis.
Well be working hard all day tomorrow.
XI- Tng lai hon thnh (Future Perfect):


1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + will/shall + have + V3/ed
- Cu ph nh: S + will/shall + not + have + V3/ed
- Cu hi: Will/Shall + S + have + V3/ed?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th TLHT dng din t:
2.1 Mt hnh ng s hon tt trc mt thi im trong tng lai.
Ex: Its now 7pm. I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30.
(By gi l 7 gi ti. Ti s dy xong lp ny lc 8g30.)
2.2 Mt hnh ng s hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc trong tng lai.
Ex: By the time you come back, I will have written this letter.
(Vo lc anh tr li, ti s vit xong l th ny.)
* Th ny thng c bt u bng By + time (By then, By the time, By the end of this
week/month/year).
XII- Tng lai hon thnh tip din (Future Perfect Continuous):
1) Cch thnh lp:
- Cu khng nh: S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing
- Cu ph nh: S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing
- Cu hi: Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing?
2) Cch dng chnh:
Th TLHTTD dng nhn mnh tnh LIN TC ca hnh ng so vi
mt thi im no hoc hnh ng khc trong tng lai.
Ex: By next month, he will have been working in the office for ten years.
When George gets his degree, he will have been studying at Oxford for four years.
All things are difficult before they are easy.


Vn s khi u nan.
Bi 2: TH TH NG
I- Cc bc i cu ch ng sang cu b ng:
1) Xc nh S, V, O trong cu ch ng (V c th l n hoc kp. Nu l V kp th V cui
cng-V chnh- c i thnh V3/ed.)
2) Xc nh th ca ng t
3) em O trong cu ch ng lm S trong cu b ng, em S trong cu ch ng lm O trong
cu b ng
4) Ly V chnh trong cu ch ng i thnh V3/ed ri thm BE thch hp trc V3/ed
5) t BY trc O trong cu b ng
Ex: (A) The cat ate the mouse.
---> (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat.
Trong (A), The cat l S, ate l V chnh, the mouse l O. em the mouse lm S v the cat
lm O trong (P). Ly V chnh i thnh V3 l eaten. Do V chnh trong (A) th qu kh
n v The mouse trong (P) s t nn BE phi l was. t by trc the cat.
* Cu trc c bn ca cu b ng l BE + V3/ed. Sau khi lm xong, cn kim tra li c thiu
mt trong hai yu t khng.
II- ng t trong cu ch ng v b ng:
Tenses Examples
Simple present
Lan cleans the floor every morning.
--> The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning.
Simple past
Nam broke the glasses.
--> The glasses were broken by Nam.
Present continuous
The pupil is not doing some exercises.


--> Some exercises are not being done by the pupil.
Past continuous
Mother was cooking dinner at 6 yesterday.
--> Dinner was being cooked by mother at 6 yesterday.
Present perfect
The secretary has just finished the report.
--> The report has just been finished by the secretary.
Past perfect
The boy had found the key before 9 yesterday.
--> The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday.
Simple future
Mr. Brown will not teach our class.
--> Our class will not be taught by Mr. Brown.
Future perfect
The students will have written many compositions.
--> Many compositions will have been written by the students.
Modal verbs
a) The students must do this exercise in class.
--> This exercise must be done in class by the students.
b) We ought to overcome these difficulties.
--> These difficulties ought to be overcome.
III- Mt s im cn lu :
1) Cu hi ch ng v b ng:
(A) Did your father make this chair?


---> (P) Was this chair made by your father?
(A) Who repaired your bicycle?
---> (P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
(By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
(A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
---> (P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
2) Lc b tc t trong cu b ng:
Nu ch t trong cu ch ng KHNG ch r l ngi hay vt c th, r rng (people,
someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, s/he, it) th khi i sang cu b ng (by
people /someone / every one / no one / any one / me / us / you / them / her / him / it) c th c
b i.
Ex: (A) People built that bridge in 1998.
---> (P) That bridge was built in 1998.
3) ng t c hai tc t:
3.1 ng t cn gii t TO: give, lend, send, show,
(A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to me.)
---> (P1) I will be given this book by John.
---> (P2) This book will be given to me by John.
3.2 ng t cn gii t FOR: buy, make, get,
(A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)
---> (P1) She was bought a rose.
---> (P2) A rose was bought for her.
4) Mt s dng b ng khc:
4.1 Cu trc They/People say/think/believe that
- (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
---> (P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.


---> (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
- (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
---> (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
---> (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
4.2 Cu trc HAVE / GET + something + V3/ed
- (A) I had him repair my car.
---> (P) I had my car repaired (by him).
- (A) I get her to make some coffee.
---> (P) I get some coffee made (by her).

Bi 3: S HO HP GIA CH T V NG T
I- Nhng trng hp ng t chia dng s t:
Nu ch t thuc cc trng hp sau th ng t chia dng s t.
1) Danh t m c s t hoc danh t khng m c:
- Mary lives in China.
- Milk is my favorite drink.
2) Danh t tn cng bng S mang ngha s t:
news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics, physics, phonetics,
aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, measles, mumps, rickets, diabetes, the Philippines, the United
States,
- The news is interesting.
3) i t bt nh:
every/any/no/some + body/one/thing
- Someone is kbocking at the door.
4) Mnh bt u bng THAT/WHAT/WHERE/WHEN hoc cm t


bt u bng TO V/V-ing:
- That you get high marks does not surprise me.
- To master English is not easy.
- Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young.
5) T ch thi gian, khong cch, tin bc, o lng, th tch:
- Eight hours of sleep a day is enough.
- Five kilometers is not a long distance.
- Twenty dollars is too much to pay for that stuff.
6) T nh lng + N mang ngha s t:
- Each of the children has a toy.
- One of my friends is coming.
II- Nhng trng hp ng t chia dng s nhiu:
Nu ch t thuc cc trng hp sau th ng t chia dng s nhiu.
1) Danh t m c s nhiu:
- Engineers are key figures in our life.
2) Cc danh t khc nhau kt hp bng AND:
- Scientists and engineers are very important.
3) T nh lng + N mang ngha s nhiu:
- Most of the students here work very hard.
- Some books I read last week are written by a famous writer.
4) Danh t lun dng s nhiu:
people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses,
- The police have arrested the robbers.
- Sun glasses are used to protect your eyes from the sunlight.


* Ch : A pair of scissors is helpful in this case.
5) The + Adj ch danh t s nhiu:
the rich/poor, the young/old/elderly, the homeless, the handicapped, the blind/deaf/mute, the
English/Chinese/Vietnamese,
- The poor have many problems.
III- Nhng trng hp cn lu :
1) Khi cc ch t c ni vi nhau bi as well as, with, along with hoc
together with, ng t s ho hp vi ch t th nht.
- The students, as well as their teacher, have not come yet.
- The teacher, as well as his students, has not come yet.
2) Khi cc ch t c ni vi nhau bi either or, neither nor, hoc
not only but also ng t s ho hp vi ch t gn nht.
- Neither she nor her friends have arrived.
- Not only the dogs but also the cat is mine.
3) A number of + N s nhiu ng t s nhiu, The number of + N s
nhiu ng t s t:
- A number of applicants have been interviewed. (Nhiu)
- The number of days in a week is seven. (S lng) Ng php ting Anh THPT Nguyn ng
Hong Duy
Study, study more, study forever!!! Trang 11
4) Ch t l danh t tp hp:
family, class, crowd, group, club, association, company, team,
4.1 Xem nh MT N V - ng t s t:
- My family has three members.
4.2 cp n TNG C NHN - ng t s nhiu:


- My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday.

Bi 4: CU NI TRC TIP V GIN TIP
I- ng t tng thut th hin ti hoc tng lai:
Nu ng t tng thut th HIN TI hoc TNG LAI, ta ch i NGI nh sau:
1) i ngi th NHT ph hp vi CH T trong mnh chnh
2) i ngi th HAI ph hp vi TC T trong mnh chnh
3) Ngi th BA khng i
Ex: He says to me, I and you will go with her father tomorrow.
---> He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow.
* Ch : say to ---> tell
II- ng t tng thut th qu kh:
Nu ng t tng thut th qu kh, ta i ba yu t l ngi, th ca ng
t v trng t ch thi gian v ni chn.
1) Ngi: (nh trn)
2) Th ca ng t:
V1 ---> V2/ed
V2/ed ---> had + V3/ed
can ---> could
will ---> would
shall ---> should
may ---> might


must ---> had to
3) Trng t ch thi gian v ni chn:
today ---> that day
tonight ---> that night
now ---> then
ago ---> before
yesterday ---> the day before
last week ---> the week before
next week ---> the week after
tomorrow ---> the day after
this ---> that
these ---> those
here ---> there
Ex: She said to me, I met your brother yesterday.
---> She told me that she had met my brother the day before.
III- Cc dng cu tng thut:
1) Cu khng nh v ph nh:
ng t tng thut thng l said/told.
Ex1: He said, I have seen her today.
---> He said (that) he had seen her that day.
Ex2: The teacher said to Peter, The prize was not given to you.
---> The teacher told Peter (that) the prize had not been given to him.
* Ch : said to ---> told
2) Cu hi:


ng t tng thut thng l asked/wondered/wanted to know
(hi/t hi/mun bit).
2.1 Y/N:
Ex1: She asked me, Do you like him?
---> She asked me if I liked him.
Ex2: He said, Can you speak English, Nam?
---> He asked Nam whether he could speak English.
2.2 WH-:
Ex1: He said, What is her name?
---> He asked what her name was.
Ex2: She said to him, Where do you live?
---> She asked him where he lived.
* Ch trt t ca S v V:
Cu hi trc tip ---> Cu hi gin tip
- Y/N: V + S? if/whether + S + V
- WH-: WH- + V + S? WH- + S + V
* said to ---> asked
3) Cu mnh lnh:
ng t tng thut thng l told/asked/ordered (bo/yu cu/ra lnh).
3.1 Khng nh:
Ex: The teacher said, Go to the board, John.
---> The teacher told John to go to the board.
3.2 Ph nh:
Ex: Nam said to his friend, Dont shut the door. Ng php ting Anh THPT Nguyn ng
Hong Duy


---> Nam asked his friend not to shut the door.

Bi 5: CU IU KIN V CU AO C
I- Cu iu kin:
1) Ba loi cu iu kin:
1.1 Loi mt:
Din t iu kin C TH XY RA hin ti hoc tng lai.
Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home.
1.2 Loi hai:
Din t iu kin KHNG TH XY RA hin ti hoc tng lai.
Ex1: I would buy a new bicycle if I had enough money.
(Hin ti ti khng c tin.)
Ex2: If I were a king, you would be a queen.
(Ti khng th l vua.)
1.3 Loi ba:
Din t iu kin KHNG TH XY RA qu kh.
Ex: If John had worked harder, he wouldnt have failed his exam.
(S tht l John khng chm ch v thi rt.)
2) Tm tt cng thc:

Loi IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
1 V1(s/es) will/can/may + V
2 V2/ed/WERE would/could/should + V


3 had +V3/ed would/could/should+ have + V3/ed
3) Nhng im cn lu :
4.1 If not c th c thay bng UNLESS (tr phi):
Ex: We will be late if we dont hurry.
---> We will be late unless we hurry.
Ex: If I have time, Ill help you.
---> Unless I have time, I wont help you.
4.2 B IF trong 3 loi cu iu kin (phi c o ng vi
SHOULD/WERE/HAD):
Ex: If it should be necessary, I will go.
---> Should it be necessary, I will go.
Ex: If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
---> Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
Ex: If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
---> Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.
4.3 Mt s t/cm t c th thay cho IF vi ngha tng ng:
provided that/so(as) long as (min l)/in case (trong trng hp)/on condition that (vi
iu kin)
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
II- Cu ao c: WISH (c)/IF ONLY(gi m)
1) Khng c tht hin ti: V2/ed/WERE
- I wish Peter were here now. (He isnt here now.)
- If only I had more money.
2) Khng c tht tng lai: WOULD + V
- She wishes Tom would be here tomorrow.


- If only Tom would be here tomorrow.
3) Khng c tht qu kh: HAD + V3/ed
- We wish she had passed her exam last year.
- If only you hadnt told Peter about our plan.

Bi 6: S O NG
Mt s t/cm t sau khi t u cu cn o ng:
1) Nhng trng t c ngha ph nh hoc gn ph nh:
never, no longer, nowhere else, rarely, seldom, little, not until
- He knows little about what she has done.
---> Little does he know about what she has done.
- She is not only beautiful, but she is also very intelligent.
---> Not only is she beautiful, but she is also very intelligent.
2) Cc cm t bt u bng AT, IN, ON, UNDER:
- At no time was Tom aware of what was happening.
- In no circumstances would I agree such a proposal.
3) Cu diu kin lc b IF: (xem Bi 5, I, 3.2)
- If anyone asks me, please tell them I will be away for a few days.
---> Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be away for a few days.
- If I knew him better, I would give him advice.
---> Did I know him better, I would give him advice.
4) SO/SUCH:


- I am a student, so is she.
- The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors.
---> So hot was the day that we had to stay indoors.
- It is such a good book that I cant put it down.
---> Such a good book is it that I cant put it down.
5) ONLY when/after/by/then/if
- Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.
- Only by working harder will you pass your final exam.
6) HARDLY/SCARCELY/BARELY WHEN; NO SOONER THAN:
- Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem.
- No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her careless
mistakes.

Bi 7: T NH LNG
VI- T ch s lng ln/nh:
1) A lot of, lots of, many, much: (nhiu)
- A lot of, lots of + danh t s nhiu/danh t khng m c trong cu
khng nh
Ex: He has a lot of / lots of friends here.
We need a lot of / lots of time to learn a foreign language.
- Many, much: dng trong cu ph nh v nghi vn.
MANY + danh t s nhiu
MUCH + danh t khng m c
Ex: There arent many people living here.


Does the newspaper have much information?
- Many, much sau VERY, SO, TOO, AS: Ng php ting Anh THPT Nguyn ng Hong
Duy
Ex: Very many crimes go unreported.
We had so many exercises to do.
There is too much salt in the soup.
He hasnt got as much patience as I thought.
2) A few, a little / few, little: (mt vi, mt t / (rt) t)
- A few, a little: dng vi ngha xc nh
A few + danh t s nhiu
A little + danh t khng m c
Ex: Weve got a little bacon and a few eggs.
- Few, little: dng vi ngha ph nh
Few + danh t s nhiu
Little + danh t khng m c
Ex: Few people can say that they always tell the truth.
There is little sugar in my coffee.
3) A large number of, a great deal of/a large amount of: (s lng ln)
- A large numer of + danh t s nhiu
Ex: He has a large number of English books.
* A number of + Ns + ng t s nhiu
The number of + Ns + ng t s t (xem v d Bi 3, III,3)
- A great deal of + danh t khng m c
Ex: A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.


VII- T ch s lng ton th/b phn:
1) All, most, some, any, no:
- Vi danh t m c s nhiu v khng m c:
Ex: All rabbits love green food. My brother likes all music.
Most students love football. Most pollution can be avoided.
Ive just bought some books. Would you like some beer?
She didnt have any friends. Have you got any wood?
We have no Sundays free. I have no time to talk to you.
* SOME dng trong cu khng nh v cu hi.
ANY dng trong cu ph nh v cu hi.
- Vi cu trc OF + the/these/those/my/her/our + N (t/nhiu)
Ex: Most of my students like English. Some of the food is delicious.
- Vi cu trc OF + i t tn ng (us/you/them/it)
Ex: Some of you have made careless mistakes in your tests.
* Khng dng cu trc NO OF +
2) Every, each, both, either, neither:
- Every, each + N m c s t (hm tt c hoc mi mt ngi/vt
trong nhm)
Ex: Every/Each room has a number.
I go for walk every day. (mi ngy)
Each day seems to pass very slowly. (tng ngy)
- Each of + the/these/those/my/her/our + N s nhiu
Ex: Each of the students has a personal computer.
- Each of + i t tn ng (us/you/them)


Ex: Each of us has our own desk.
- Each ng mt mnh hoc i sau i t
Ex: They gave us each an English book.
Each has an English book.
- Both, either, neither + N (i vi hai ngi hoc hai vt)
Ex: Both his parents are from Europe.
You can read either book. (one of 2 books)
Neither car is very economical to run. (2 cars)
- Both, either, neither + OF + the/these/those/my/her/our + N s nhiu
Ex: Both of his parents are from Europe.
You can read either of the books.
Neither of the cars is/are very economical to run.
- Both, either, neither + OF + i t tn ng (us/you/them)
Ex: Both of us were tired.

Bi 8: MNH TNH T V MNH TRNG T
VI- Mnh tnh t:
Mnh tnh t hay mnh quan h c t sau danh t n ph ngha,
c ni bng cc t quan h: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, WHERE,
WHY, WHEN.
Ex: - The woman who/that is standing over there is my sister.
- I know the boy who(m)/that I spoke to.
- She works for a company which/that makes cars.
- The girl whose photo was in the paper lives in our street.
- John found a cat whose leg/the leg of which was broken.


- The hotel where we stayed wasnt very clean.
- Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
- Do you remember the day when we first met?
1) Mnh quan h hn nh:
Dng b ngha cho danh t ng trc. Nu b i mnh chnh s
khng r ngha.
Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
---> I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
2) Mnh quan h khng hn nh:
Dng b ngha cho danh t ng trc, l phn gii thch thm. Nu b
i mnh chnh vn r ngha. Mnh ny thng c tch khi mnh
chnh bng du phy ,.
Ta dng mnh quan h khng hn nh khi:
- Trc danh t quan h c: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/
- T quan h l tn ring hoc danh t ring.
Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
---> My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
---> Mr Brown, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
* LU : KHNG dng THAT trong mnh ny.
Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
3) Gii t t trc mnh tnh t: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
---> The man to whom I last night speaks English very fast.


DANH T CH T TC T S HU
Ngi WHO/THAT WHO(M)/THAT WHOSE
Vt/.vt WHICH/THAT WHICH/THAT WHOSE/OF WHICH
Ni chn WHERE
L do WHY
Thi gian WHEN
The house is for sale. I was born in it.
---> The house in which I was born is for sale.
* LU : KHNG dng THAT, WHO sau gii t.
The house in that I was born is for sale.
4) i t quan h THAT:
1.1 Nhng trng hp thng dng THAT:
- Sau cm t quan h va ch ngi v vt:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
- Sau i t bt nh:
Ex: Ill tell you something that is very interesting.
- Sau cc tnh t so snh nht, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
All that is mine is yours.
You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cu trc It + be + + that (chnh l )
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
(Chnh l bn ti vit cu ny.)
1.2 Nhng trng hp khng dng THAT:


- Trong mnh tnh t khng hn nh (xem LU mc 2))
- Sau gii t (xem LU mc 3))
5) OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
---> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
He asked me a lot of questions. I couldnt answer most of them.
---> He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt answer.
6) Rt gn mnh tnh t thnh cm tnh t:
1.1 Dng V-ing hoc b BE:
Khi ng t chnh trong mnh tnh t th CH NG hoc l BE.
Ex: Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden.
---> Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden.
Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early.
---> Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early.
The books which are on that shelf are mine.
---> The books on that shelf are mine.
1.2 Dng V3/ed:
Khi ng t chnh trong mnh tnh t th B NG.
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
---> The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
---> Most students punished last week are lazy.
1.3 Dng (FOR + O) TO V:
Ex: This is the hotel where we can stay.


---> This is the hotel (for us) to stay.
VII- Mnh trng t:
1) Mnh trng t ch ni chn:
where (ni, ch) hoc wherever (bt c ni no)
Ex: He told me where he had seen the money.
I will go wherever you go.
2) Mnh trng t ch th cch:
as (nh), as if/as though (nh th)
Ex: We should do as our teacher tells us.
She looks as if shes going to cry.
* S vic khng c tht hin ti
as if/as though + S + WERE/V2/ed
Ex: He looked at me as if I were mad.
* S vic khng c tht qu kh
as if/as though + S + had + V3/ed
Ex: He ran as if he had seen a ghost.
3) Mnh trng t ch nguyn nhn / l do: because, since, as (bi v)
Ex: She sold the car because she needed some money.
* So snh because v because of:
BECAUSE + S + V BECAUSE OF + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: Im late because Im sick. Im late because of being sick.
Im late because of my sickness.
4) Mnh trng t ch mc ch:
so that/in order that () + S + (can/could) + V


Ex: She wants to stay here so that she can perfect her English.
5) Mnh trng t ch thi gian:
when (khi), as (khi/trong khi), while (trong khi), after (sau khi), before (trc khi), until/till
(cho ti khi), since (t khi), as soon as (ngay khi), whenever (bt c khi no), no sooner
than/ hardly when (va mi th)
Ex: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
We should do a good deed whenever we can.
* o ng vi no sooner than/ hardly when (xem Bi 1, III, 3)
* KHNG dng th TNG LAI trong mnh trng t ch thi gian.
Ill tell you the news when I will come.
* Th ca ng t trong M chnh v M trng t ch thi gian:
Mnh chnh Mnh trng t ch thi gian
- Present - Present
- Past - Past
- Future - Present
6) Mnh trng t ch kt qu:
- so + adj/adv + that (qu n ni )
Ex: The coffee is so hot that I cant drink it.
- such (+ a(n)) + adj + Noun + that (qu n ni )
Ex: It was such a hot day that we stopped playing.
They are such interesting books that I want to buy them all.
- so + many/much/few/little + Noun + that (qu nhiu/tn ni)
Ex: There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
7) Mnh trng t ch s nhng b:
though/although/even though (mc d) + S + V


Ex: Though he looks ill, he is really strong.
* LU :
- in spite of/despite (mc d) + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: In spite of having little money, they always enloy themselves.
(Although they have little money, they always enloy themselves.)
- in spite of/despite + the fact that (mc d) + S + V
Ex: Despite the fact that they have little money, theyre always happy.
- no matter where = wherever (d bt c u)
Ex: No matter where you go, you need to have friends.

Bi 9: DANH NG T V NG T NGUYN MU C TO
I- DANH NG T: (Gerund)
Ex: She enjoys listening to music.
V + V-ing (Gerund)
Mt s t/ng t sau y cn c V-ing theo sau:
* enjoy (thch, thng thc), finish (hon thnh), postpone (tr hon), avoid (trnh), keep
(vn cn), practise (thc hnh), miss (b l), be/get used to (quen vi), spend (tiu xi, tri qua),
allow/permit (cho php), advise (khuyn), recommend ( ngh, khuyn bo), give up (t b, u
hng), suggest ( ngh), deny (t chi), consider (xem xt), quit (ri b), dislike (khng
thch), like (thch), cant help (khng th khng),
* its no use/good (khng li ch g), would you mind (bn c phin)
* worth (ng, ng c), busy (bn rn)
II- NG T NGUYN MU C TO:
Ex: I want to learn English well.
V + TO V
Mt s ng t sau y cn c to V theo sau:


want (mun), expect (mong ch, k vng), refuse (t chi), hope (hyvng), decide (quyt
nh), agree (ng ), plan (d nh), would like (mun), like (mun), fail (tht bi, hng), learn
(hc), afford (c kh nng/iu kin), manage (xoay s), choose (chn la), demand
(i hi, yu cu), prepare (chun b), pretend (gi b), promise (ha), seek (tm kim), threaten
(e do), train (o to, hun luyn), wish (ao c),
III- TO INFINITIVE OR GERUND?
1) Mt s ng t c V-ing hoc TO V theo sau khng lm thay i ngha:
begin/start (bt u), continue (tip tc), hate (ght), cant bear (khng chu c), intend (d
nh), love (yu thng), prefer (thchhn), hesitate (do d),
2) Mt s ng t c V-ing hoc TO V theo sau lm thay i ngha:
- stop + to V: dng li lm
Ex: I stop to eat lunch.
(Ti dng li n tra.)
- stop + V-ing: dng hnh ng ang lm
Ex: You should stop smoking.
(Bn nn b ht thuc.)
- try + to V: c gng
Ex: He tries to get ten marks.
(Anh ta c gng t mi im.)
- try + V-ing: th
Ex: She tried writing with her left hand.
(C ta th vit bng tay tri.)
- need + to V: cn (ngha ch ng)
Ex: They need to work harder.
(H cn lm vic chm ch hn.)
- need + V-ing: cn c (ngha b ng)
Ex: This room needs cleaning.


(Cn phng ny cn lau chi.)
- remember/forget + to V: nh/qun lm iu g (cha xy ra)
Ex: Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.
(Nh gi l th khi bn n bu in.)
- remember/forget + V-ing: nh/qun lm iu g ( xy ra)
Ex: I will never forget seeing you here last year.
(Ti s khng bao gi qun gp bn ti y vo nm ri.)
- regret + to V: tic phi lm iu g (hnh ng sp xy ra)
Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
(Ti ly lm tic bo cho anh hay anh thi hng.)
- regret + V-ing: tic lm iu g (hnh ng xy ra)
Ex: She regretted going to New York for holiday.
(C y tic i ngh New York.)
* LU : Cu trc S + V + O + TO V v S + LET/MAKE + O + V
Ex: I permit you to go out tonight. They let me visit my parents.

Make haste slowly
Dc tc bt t

Bi 10: T LOI
I- Danh t:
1) Danh t m c:
1.1 Hnh thc s t: a/an + N


- a ng trc danh t s t bt u bng mt ph m.
Ex: a book, a pen,
- an ng trc danh t s t bt u bng mt nguyn m.
Ex: an apple, an orange, an egg, an umbrella, an island,
1.2 Hnh thc s nhiu:
1.2.1 Hp quy tc: Ns/es
Ex: books, pens, boxes
1.2.2 Bt quy tc:
S t S nhiu S t S nhiu
a man men a foot feet
a woman women a tooth teeth
a child children a bacterium bacteria
a person people a curriculum curricula
a mouse mice a datum data
a louse lice a criterion criteria
a goose geese a phenomenon phenomena
1.2.3 Danh t lun c hnh thc v mang ngha s nhiu:
clothes, scissors, spectacles, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers, pyjamas, binoculars, belongings..
1.2.4 Danh t s t v s nhiu c hnh thc ging nhau: sheep, deer, aircraft, craft, fish,
1.2.5 Danh t lun mang ngha s nhiu: (xem Bi 3, II, 4) police, cattle, people,
1.2.6 Danh t c hnh thc s nhiu nhng mang ngha s t: news, mathematics, the United
States, (xem Bi 3, I, 2)
2) Danh t khng m c:
L nhng th ta khng th m c trc tip (mt, hai, ba, ) nh milk, water, rice, sugar,
butter, salt, bread, news, information, advice, luggage, health, knowledge, equipment, iron,
paper, glass, (one milk, two milk)


* Ch :
- Khng c hnh thc s nhiu (s/es)
- Khng dng vi a/an/one/two
- C th i vi t ch dn v nh lng + of: a bottle of milk, two litters of water, a loaf of
bread, three sheets of paper, four pieces of chalk, a bar of chocolate, a gallon of petrol,
3) Danh t va m c va khng m c:
Mt s danh t trong trng hp ny l m c nhng trong trng hp khc li khng m
c.
m c Khng m c
a glass (mt ci li) glass (thy tinh)
two papers (hai t bo) paper (giy)
three coffees (ba tch c ph) coffee (c ph)
two sugars (hai mung ng) sugar (ng)
II- Tnh t:
2) V tr ca tnh t:
6.1 Trc danh t:
Ex: She is a beautiful girl.
6.2 Sau danh t:
g) Ch s o lng, tui tc:
Ex: This table is two meters long.
Hes twenty years old.
h) Tnh t c tip u ng a:
asleep (ang ng), ablaze (bng chy), alight (bng sng), awake (thc), alive (cn sng),
alike (ging nhau), afloat (ni),
Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor.
i) Tnh t b ng cho tc t:


Ex: We should keep our room clean.
6.3 Sau Linking verbs:
be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, turn, appear
Ex: It becomes hot today.
6.4 Sau i t bt nh:
something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything, everyone/body, nothing, no
one, nobody
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?
6.5 Sau trng t:
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
3) Trt t ca cc tnh t trc danh t:
TNH T
KIN S THT
Kch thc ,Tui, Hnh dng, Mu sc, Quc tch/ni chn, Cht liu,
nice, good, bad, ugly, beautiful big, small, tall old, young fat, thin, round white, black
Vietnamese, English, French, wooden, golden
Ex: A beautiful tall thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there.
4) Tnh t dng nh danh t: (xem thm Bi 3, II, 5)
THE + ADJ ---> NOUN
the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the strong, the weak, the
hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled, the living, the dead, the young, the
middle-aged
Ex: The rich should help the poor.
5) Phn t dng nh tnh t:
Tnh t tn cng bng
ING ED ING ED


amazing amazed exciting excited
amusing amused frightening frightened
boring bored interesting interested
confusing confused pleasing pleased
depressing depressed relaxing relaxed
deserving deserved satisfying satisfied
disappointing disappointed shocking shocked
distinguishing distinguished surprising surprised
encouraging encouraged tiring tired
1.1 Hnh thc hin ti phn t (-ING):
Din t nhn thc ca ngi ni v ngi/vic g .
Ex: That film is interesting. (B phim hay.)
(Ngi xem nhn thy b phim hay.)
He is boring. He always talks about the same things.
(Hn ta chn tht. Hn lun bn v nhng th ging nhau.)
(Ngi nghe nhn thy hn ta chn.)
1.2 Hnh thc qu kh phn t (-ED):
Din t cm gic ca ngi ni do ngi/vic g em li.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Ti b bi ri v cu hi.)
(Cu hi lm ti bi ri.)
III- Trng t:
1) Phn loi trng t:
4.1 Trng t ch th cch:
- Cho ta bit mt hnh ng c thc hin nh th no tr li cho cu


hi HOW?
- Cch thnh lp: ADJ + LY (mt cch )
angrily gin gi
anxiously lo lng
badly d, t
beautifully (ht/ma) hay
brightly ti sng
carefully cn thn
cleverly kho lo, khn
colorfully sc s
continuously lin tip
easily d dng
fluently tri chy
happily hnh phc
heavily nng n
loudly m , inh i
nervously hi hp
peacefully ho bnh
politely lch s, l php
quickly nhanh nhn
quietly yn tnh
rapidly nhanh chng
safely an ton
sensibly hp l


seriously nghim tc
silently im lng
skillfully kho tay
slowly chm chp
specially c bit
stupidly ngu ngc
successfully thnh cng
warmly m p

* LU :
- fast (nhanh), early (sm), late (tr), hard (chm ch) va l tnh t va l trng t.
Tnh t Trng t
Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast.
Ann is hard worker. Ann works hard. (hardly)
The train was late. I got up late this morning.
- Phn bit:
late (tr) lately (gn y) (= recently)
You come home late today. He hasnt been to the cinema lately.
(Hm nay con v tr.) (Gn y anh ta khng i xem phim.)
hard (chm ch) hardly (hu nh khng)
Ive worked very hard. Shes hardly got any money left.
(Ti lm vic rt chm.) (C y hu nh khng cn tin.)
- Mt s tnh t tn cng LY:
friendly (thn thin), lovely (d thng), lively (sng ng), ugly (xu x), silly (ng ngn).
Nhng t ny khng phi l trng t, nn ta dng in away/manner thay cho trng t.


Ex: She spoke to me in a friendly way/manner.
(C ta ni chuyn vi ti mt cch thn thin.)
4.2 Trng t ch thi gian:
Cho bit s vic xy ra lc no tr li cho cu hi WHEN?
now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already, immediately, just,
soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after,
Ex: Im leaving for Hanoi tomorrow.
4.3 Trng t ch ni chn:
Cho bit s vic xy ra u tr li cho cu hi WHERE?
here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere, in Paris, at the
supermarket,
Ex: Tom is standing there.
4.4 Trng t ch s thng xuyn:
Cho bit hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn nh th no tr li cho cu hi HOW OFTEN?
never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often, always, once/twice a
week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly,
Ex: I often get up at 5 in the morning.
4.5 Trng t ch mc :
Cho bit hnh ng, tnh cht ca s vic din ra n mc no.
very, too, so, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely, really, pretty, fairly,
entirely, hardly, scarcely, somewhat, enough,
Ex: I come here quite often.
2) V tr ca trng t:
2.1 u cu:
Ex: Where are you going?
2.2 Gia cu:


2.2.1 Trc ng t thng:
Ex: They often play football after class.
2.2.2 Sau ng t TO BE, tr ng t hoc ng t khim khuyt:
Ex: Our teacher is still sick.
She doesnt often go with him.
He can seldom find time for reading.
2.3 Cui cu:
Ex: You sang that song well.
3) Trt t ca cc trng t:
Trt t ca cc trng t trong cu thng nh sau:
Ni chn - Mc - Th cch -Thng xuyn -Thi gian
He walked to the church very slowly twice last Sunday.
* Ch :
Trt t trn c th thay i tu vo mc ch nhn mnh ca ngi ni/vit.
4) Chc nng c bn ca trng t:
B ngha cho V d*
1) ng t They danced beautifully.
2) Tnh t She is very lovely.
3) Trng t khc He studied extremely hard.
4) C cu Fortunately, he was not injured in that accident.
* Phn in m, gch di b ngha cho phn in nghing.
IV- Gii t:
1) Phn loi gii t:
1.1 Gii t ch ni chn: IN, ON, AT


a) IN (trong): c dng
- Ch mt ngi hoc vt trong mt ni no .
in a box / room / building / park / garden / bag / pocket / kitchen / cinema / restaurant / book /
lesson / newspaper / picture / pool / sea / river/ water / sky / world / queue / row / line
Ex: My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
- Vi phng tin xe hi, taxi hoc ng ph.
in a car / taxi, in/on the street
Ex: Peter arrived at the party in a taxi.
They live in Hung Vuong Street.
- Vi danh t khng c mo t din t mt ngi ang ti .
in bed / hospital / prison
Ex: Tom hasnt got up yet. Hes still in bed.
- Trc cc t nc, thnh ph, phng hng.
in Vietnam / England / France / Hanoi / London / Paris / the east / west / south / north
Ex: Ho Chi Minh City is in the south of Vietnam.
- to thnh cm t ch ni chn.
in the front/back of (a car/room/theater ), in the middle of (the room )
Ex: I was in the back of the car when the accident happened.
Theres a computer in the middle of the room.
b) ON (trn): c dng
- Ch v tr bn trn v tip xc vi b mt ca mt vt g .
on the door / floor / wall / ceiling / river / beach / coast ..on/in the street, on a page
Ex: I sat on the beach.
They live on Wall Street.
The picture youre looking for is on page 7.


- Vi phng tin i li cng cng hoc c nhn (xe p, honda).
on a bus/train/ship/plane/bycicle/motorbike/horse
Ex: There were too many people on the bus.
Mary passed me on her bycicle.
on the right / left, on horseback, on the way to (school )
on the back/front of (the envelope/paper )
on top of (the wardrobe )
on/at the corner of a street
Ex: In Britain people drive on the left.
Write your name on the front of the envelope.
c) AT (): c dng
- din t mt v tr c xc nh trong khng gian hoc s nh.
at the door / bus stop / traffic lights / party / meeting / desk
at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street
Ex: Someone is standing at the door.
She lives at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street.
at home / school / college / university / work
at the top/bottom of (the page )
at the end of (the street )
at the front/back of (the line )
at/on the corner of the street
Ex: Peters house is at the end of the street.


The garden is at the back of the building.
1.2 Gii t ch thi gian: IN, ON, AT
a) IN: c dng
- ch bui trong ngy ni chung, thng, nm, ma, thp nin, th k,
thin nin k.
in the morning / afternoon / evening
in February, in 1999
in (the) spring / summer / autumn / winter
in the 1990s, in the 21st
century, in the 3rd
millennium
- Trong mt s cm t ch mt khong thi gian trong tng lai.
in a few minutes, in an hour, in a day / week / month
Ex: Daisy has gone away. Shell be back in a week.
(Daisy i khi. C y s tr v trong mt tun.)
- Trong cm t in the end vi ngha cui cng (finally, at last), in time vi
ngha kp lc.
Ex: Peter got very angry. In the end, he walked out of the room.
(Peter rt gin. Cui cng, n ra khi phng.)
Will you be home in time for dinner?
(Bn s v nh kp gi n ti?)
* Ch : on time (ng gi)
b) ON: c dng
- ch th trong tun, ngy trong thng.


on Monday, on 5th
March, on this/that day
Ex: I was born on 27th
June, 1983.
- ch bui trong ngy c th hoc mt ngy c th.
on Friday morning / Christmas Day / New Years Day / my birthday
Ex: See you on Friday morning.
c) AT: c dng
- ch thi gian, cc ba n trong ngy.
at 5 a.m., at sunrise / sunset / dawn / noon / twilight / night / midnight
at breakfast / lunch / dinner / supper
Ex: I get up at 5 oclock every morning.
- ch mt dp l hi, mt thi khc no .
at/on the weekend, at Christmas / Easter at present / the moment / the same time / this (that) time
Ex: Mr. Brown is busy at the moment.
- to thnh cc cm gii t.
at the end/beginning of, at the age of, at first/last
Ex: He came to live in London at the age of 25.
* LU :
KHNG dng IN, ON, AT trc all, every, this month/year, next, last,
tomorrow, yesterday, today.
Ex: He has worked hard all morning. (in all morning)
I hope to see you next Friday. (on next Friday)
* Cc gii t ch thi gian khc:


FROM TO/UNTIL/TILL (t n) (= BETWEEN AND)
Ex: Every morning he plays tennis from 6 to 7.
(Every morning he plays tennis between 6 and 7.)
SINCE (t khi - mc thi gian)
Ex: Ive been waiting for her since 5pm.
FOR (khong)
Ex: He has lived in Paris for three months.
DURING (trong sut)
Ex: You have to be quiet during the performance.
UNTIL/TILL (cho ti khi)
Ex: Shell be here until Thursday.
BY (vo khong - trc hoc n mt thi im no )
Ex: You must be home by 9.
BEFORE (trc lc) / AFTER (sau khi)
Ex: Come and see me before / after lunch.
2) Gii t theo sau tnh t:
1.1 Adj + TO
acceptable: c th chp nhn
accustomed: quen
agreeable: c th ng
applicable: c th ng dng
appropriate: thch hp
contrary: tri vi
dedicated: hin dng


essential: cn thit
friendly (to/with): thn thin
generous: ho phng
harmful: c hi
important: quan trng
kind: t t
known: c bit n
likely: c kh nng/c th thch hp
loyal: trung thnh
lucky: may mn
married: kt hn
open: m
pleasant: vui
pleasing: lm vui lng
polite: lch s
preferable: thch hn
related: lin quan
rude: th l
similar: ging
strange: xa l
subject: d b, kh trnh
true: trung thnh
1.2 Adj + OF
afraid: s


aware: thc
boastful: khoe khoang
capable: c kh nng
careful(of/with/about): cn thn
careless: bt cn
certain: chc chn
confident: tin
desirous: khao kht
fond: thch
forgetful: qun
full: y
glad: vui mng
innocent: v ti
jealous: ghen t
proud: t ho
sure(of/about): chc chn
thoughtful: chu o, n cn
Sthoughtless: khng chu o, n cn
tolerant: khoan dung
worthy: xng ng
1.3 Adj + FOR
anxious(for/about): lo u
appropriate: thch hp
available: c th dng c


difficult: kh
eager: ho hc, hm h
enough:
famous: ni ting
good (for health/so.): tt
grateful (for s.th.): bit n
late: tr
necessary: cn thit
perfect: hon ho
responsible: c trch nhim
sorry: ly lm thng hi
sufficent: y
suitable(for/to): thch hp
useful: c li ch
1.4 Adj + AT
amazed(at/by): ngc nhin
angry (at/with s.o./to s.th.): gin gi
annoyed(at/by): bc mnh
astonished(at/by): ngc nhin
bad(at s.th.): d
clever: thng minh
excellent: xut sc
good (at s.th.): gii
hopeless: v vng


present: c mt
quick: nhanh
skilful: c nng khiu

1.5 Adj + WITH
acquainted: quen
annoyed: gin
bored / fed up: chn
covered: bao ph
crowded: ng
disappointed: tht vng
pleased: hi lng
popular: ni ting
satisfied: tho mn
1.6 Adj + IN
honest: lng thin
interested: thch th
proficient (at/in): thnh tho
rich: giu
successful: thnh cng
weak: yu km
1.7 Adj + FROM
absent: vng
different: khc


distinct: khc bit
free: c min
safe: an ton
separate: ring l
1.8 Adj + ABOUT
confused: bi ri
curious: t m, hiu k
enthusiastic: nhit tnh
excited: hng th
happy: vui v
sad: bun
serious: ng n, nghim tc
worried: bn chn, lo lng
2 ) Gii t theo sau ng t:
accuse of: buc ti
apologise to for: xin li
apologize for: xin li v
apply for: np n xin vic
arrive in/at: n (ni)
ask for: hi cho
believe in: tin tng vo
belong to: thuc v
blame for: li
borrow from: mn


care about: quan tm v
care for: chm sc/thch/yu cu
charge with: pht
come across: tnh c gp
complain to about: than phin
concentrate on: tp trung
congratulate on: chc mng
consist of: bao gm
crash into: va chm vo
deal with: gii quyt
decide on: quyt nh v
depend on: thuc vo
die of: cht v
divide into: chia (ra)
dream of / about: m v
escape from: thot khi
explain to: gii thch
feel like: cm thy nh
happen to: xy n
hear about/from/of: nghe v
hope for: hi vng v
insist on: khng khng
invite to: mi
laugh/smile at: ci vo


leave for: ri n
listen to: nghe
live on: sng nh vo
look after: chm sc
look around: nhn quanh
look at: nhn
look back on: nhn v qu kh
look down on: khinh r
look for: tm
look forward to: mong i
look into: iu tra
object to: phn i
participate in: tham gia vo
pay for: tr tin cho
point / aim at: ch vo
prefer to: thch hn
prepare for: chun b
provide with: cung cp
regard as: coi nh
rely on: da vo
remind of: nhc nh
result from: do bi
result in: gy ra
run into: tnh c gp


search for: tm kim
send for: cho mi (ai) n
shout at: la, ht
speak/talk to: ni vi
spend on: chi tiu cho
succeed in: thnh cng v
suffer from: au, chu ng
take after: ging
think about / of: ngh v
throw at: nm vo
translate from into:dchtsang
wait for: ch
warn about: cnh bo v
write to: vit th cho
* LU : ng t hai ch i vi GO
go after: ui theo, theo sau
go ahead: tin hnh, thng tin
go along: tin trin
go away: i khi
go back: tr v
go by: (thi gian) tri qua
go down: (gi c) gim (# go up)
go off: chy, n
go on: xy ra, din ra, tip tc


go out: tt, b dp tt
go over: xem xt, kim tra k
go with: hp vi
4) V + N + Gii t:
catch sight of: thong thy
give place to: dnh ch cho
give way to: nhng b
keep pace with: theo kp
lose sight of: mt ht
lose touch with: mt lin lc vi
lose track of: qun mt
make allowance for: chiu c n
make fun of: chc gho, ch nho
make a fuss over/about: lm ln xn
make room for: nhng ch cho
make use of: s dng, tn dng
pay attention to: ch n
put a stop to: chm dt
put an end to: chm dt
set fire to: lm chy, t
take account of: tnh n
take advantage of: li dng,tn dng
take care of: chm sc
take note of: ghi ch, ghi nhn


take notice of: lu ,
Better than never.
Th mun cn hn khng

Bi 11: SO SNH TNH T V TRNG T
I- So snh bng:
1) Cu khng nh: as + adj/adv + as (bng/nh)
Ex: Im as tall as Tom.
(Ti cao bng Tom.)
John works as hard as his father.
(John lm vic chm ch nh cha ca anh y.)
2) Cu ph nh: not as/so + adj/adv + as (khng bng/nh)
Ex: This watch is not as/so expensive as mine. (= my watch)
(ng h ny khng t nh ca ti.)
She doesnt sing as/so well as her sister.
(C y ht khng hay bng ch c y.)
* LU :
- Khi so snh danh t vi ngha ging/bng hay khng ging/khng bng, ta
c th dng cu trc:
(not) + the same + (noun) + as
Ex: He is the same age as I am.
(Anh ta bng tui ti.)
Anns salary isnt the same as Janes.


(Lng ca Ann khng bng lng ca Jane.)
- C th dng less + adj/adv + than (km hn) thay cho not as/so + adj/adv + as
Ex: This watch is less expensive than mine.
She sings less well than her sister.
- Khi ni gp bao nhiu ln, ta dng cu trc times as + adj/adv + as.
Ex: Their house is three times as big as ours.
(Nh ca h ln gp ba ln nh chng ta.)
II- So snh hn:
1) Tnh t/trng t ngn: adj/adv + ER + than
Tnh t/trng t ngn l t c mt vn hay hai vn tn cng bng y.
fast ---> faster cold ---> colder thick ---> thicker
lucky ---> luckier happy ---> happier dry ---> drier
Ex: John is stronger than his brother.
(John kho hn anh ca cu y.)
This athlete runs faster than that one.
2) Tnh t/trng t di: more + adj/adv + than
Tnh t/trng t di l t c hai vn tr ln.
modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully,
Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought.
(Vn ny kh hn chng ta ngh.)
He speaks English more fluently than his friend.
(Anh ta ni ting Anh tri chy hn bn ca anh ta.)
III- So snh nht:
1) Tnh t/trng t ngn: the + adj/adv + EST


cold ---> the coldest thick ---> the thickest fast ---> fastest
lucky ---> the luckiest happy ---> the happiest ..
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. Ng php ting Anh THPT Nguyn ng
Hong Duy
(Hm qua l ngy nng nht trong nm.)
2) Tnh t/trng t di: the + MOST + adj/adv
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
(C y l c gi p nht trong lp.)
* LU :
- Ta c th dng the least ch mc km nht.
Ex: This story is the least interesting of all.
(y l cu chuyn km th v nht trong cc cu chuyn.)
- Tnh t/trng t bt qui tc
Tnh t/trng t So snh hn So snh nht
good/well (tt) better the best
bad/badly (xu, d) worse the worst
far (xa) farther/further the farthest/furthest
little (t) less the least
many/much (nhiu) more the most
IV- Cc dng so snh khc:
1) Cng ngy cng
- Tnh t/trng t ngn: adj/adv + ER and adj/adv + ER
Ex: Betty is younger and younger.
(Betty cng ngy cng tr.)


He runs faster and faster.
(Anh ta chy cng ngy cng nhanh.)
- Tnh t/trng t di: more and more + adj/adv
Ex: My wife is more and more beautiful.
(V ca ti cng ngy cng p.)
They work more and more carefully.
(H lm vic cng ngy cng cn thn.)
2) Cng cng
- The more + S + V, the more + S + V
Ex: The more I know him, the more I like him.
(Cng bit anh y, ti cng thch anh y.)
- The + SS hn + S + V, the + SS hn + S + V
Ex: The older he gets, the weaker he is.
(ng ta cng gi cng yu.)
The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her parents are.
(C ta cng p th cha m c ta cng kh.)
- The more + S + V, the adj + ER + S + V
Ex: The more he works, the richer he is.
(ng ta cng lm cng giu.)
- The adj + ER + S + V, the more + S + V
Ex: The hotter it is, the more tired I feel.
(Tri cng nng ti cng thy mt.)
V- Qui tc thm ER v EST i vi tnh t/trng t ngn:
1) T tn cng bng e hay ph m + y


Ex: large lager largest easy easier easiest
2) Gp i ph m:
Ex: hot hotter hottest

Bi 12: CCH THNH LP T
Mt t c th c thnh lp bng cch thm vo tip u ng hoc tip v ng.
I- DANH T:
1) Tin t:
super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N ---> N
DANH T NGHA DANH T NGHA
overdose s dng qu liu surface b mt
overexpenditure chi tiu qu mc supermarket siu th
overproduction sn xut vt mc underachievement t di mc
subcontinent tiu lc a undercurrent dng nc ngm
subway tu in ngm undergrowth bi rm
superman siu nhn underpass ng chui
2) Hu t:
a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion ---> N
ng t Danh t Ngha ng t Danh t Ngha
add addition s thm vo permit permission s cho php
combine combination s kt hp pollute pollution s nhim
conserve conservation s bo tn preserve preservation s bo qun
correct correction s sa cha prevent prevention ngn nga
decide decision quyt nh produce production sn xut


discuss discussion tho lun provide provision s cung cp
inform information thng tin repeat repetition s lp li
invite invitation li mi rotate rotation lun phin

b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ery/-ing/-al ---> N
accept acceptance chp nhn enrich enrichment s lm giu
achieve achievement thnh tu exist existence s tn ti
arrange arrangement s sp t feel feeling cm xc
arrive arrival s n improve improvement s ci thin
attend attendance s c mt move movement s di chuyn
build building to nh pay payment s tr tin
depend dependence s l thuc perform performance mn trnh din
develop development s pht trin poison poisoning lm nhim c
differ difference s khc nhau recycle recycling vic ti s dng
disappoint disappointment tht vng refuse refusal t chi
discover discovery khm ph rob robbery v cp
drain drainage s tho nc teach teaching dy hc
employ employment vic lm use usage cch dng

c) V + -er/-or/-ar/-ant/-ent/-ee/ ---> N
account accountant k ton employ employee ngi lm cng
act actor din vin nam fertilize fertilizer phn bn


apply applicant ngi xin vic inhabit inhabitant c dn
assist assistant ngi ph t instruct instructor ngi hng dn
attend attendant ngi tham d interview interviewee ngi c phng vn
beg beggar ngi n xin own owner ngi ch
build builder th xy pay payee ngi c tr tin
calculate calculator my tnh serve servant ngi gip vic
contest contestant ngi d thi sing singer ca s
cook cooker bp nu n teach teacher gio vin
deposit depositor ngi gi tin train trainee ngi c o to
drive driver ti x walk walker ngi i b
edit editor bin tp vin work worker cng nhn

d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N
Danh t Danh t Ngha Danh t Danh t Ngha
act actress n din vin music musician nhc s
America American ngi M physics physicist nh vt l
history historian nh s hc prince princess cng cha
host hostess b ch nh science scientist nh khoa hc
journal journalist nh bo tiger tigeress cp ci
library librarian th th tour tourist khch du lch
lion lioness s t ci wait waitress n hu bn

e) N + -ism/-ship ---> N
Danh t Danh t Ngha Danh t Danh t Ngha


capital capitalism CN t bn hero heroism CN anh hng
champion championship chc v ch scholar scholarship hc tng
friend friendship tnh bn sportsman sportsmanship tinh thn th thao

f) Adj + -y/-ity/-ty/-cy/-ness/-ism/-dom ---> N
Tnh t Danh t Ngha Tnh t Danh t Ngha
able ability kh nng dark darkness bng ti
certain certainty s chc chn popular popularity s ph bin
clear clarity s r rng careful carefulness s cn thn
difficult difficulty kh khn rich richness s giu c
fluent fluency s tri chy careless carelessness s bt cn
national nationality quc tch sad sadness s bun b
possible possibility s c th ill/sick illness/sickness s au yu
real reality s tht cold coldness s lnh lo
responsible responsibility trch nhim happy happiness s hnh phc
stupid stupidity s n n free freedom s t do
g) Adj tn cng ent ---> ence
Tnh t Danh t Ngha Tnh t Danh t Ngha
absent absence s vng mt intelligent intelligence s thng minh
confident confidence s t tin patient patience s kin nhn
diligent diligence s sing nng silent silence s yn lng
independent independence s c lp violent violence s bo lc

II- NG T:


1) Tin t:
a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V ---> V
ng t Ngha ng t Ngha ng t Ngha
disagree khng ng
outnumber nhiu/ ng hn
disappear bin mt
outrun chy nhanh hn
undercharge tnh gi qu thp
dislike khng thch
outweigh nng hn
undercook nu cha chn
misbehave c x sai
overact cng iu
underdo lm khng trn vn
misspell nh vn nhm
overcook nu qu chn
underestimate nh gi thp
misunderstand hiu nhm
overstay qu lu
underfeed cho n khng
misuse s dng sai
overwork lm vic qu lu, qu sc
underlay t di
outgrow ln/pht trin hn


redo lm li
undersell bn r hn
outlive sng lu hn
remarry kt hn ln na
undersign k di
b) en- + N/V/Adj ---> V
ng t Ngha
enable lm cho c th (lm g)
enclose gi km
enlarge m rng
enact ban hnh (lut)
endanger gy nguy him
enrich lm giu
2) Hu t:
Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy ---> V
Adj/N ng t Ngha
beauty beautify lm p
origin originate bt ngun
bright brighten lm rng r
real realize nhn ra
industrial industrialize CN ho
sharp sharpen lm cho sc, nhn
legal legalize hp php ho
short shorten lm ngn li


less lessen gim bt
tight tighten sit cht
light lighten lm nh i
weak weaken lm yu i
loose loosen lm lng ra
white whiten lm trng
modren modernize hin i ho
wide widen lm rng ra
III- TNH T:
1) Tin t:
a) un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj
Tnh t Ngha
dishonest khng trung thc
incomplete khng y
unemployed tht nghip
illegal bt hp php
inconvenient bt tin
unequal khng bnh ng
illogical khng hp l
independent c lp
unhappy khng hnh phc
immature cha chn chn
indivisible khng th chia c
unlucky khng may


impatient khng kin nhn
inexact khng chnh xc
unreal khng tht
impossible khng th
irregular bt qui tc
unsatisfactory khng hi lng
impractical khng thc t
irresponsible v trch nhim
untrue khng ng
b) inter-/super-/under-/over-/sub- + Adj/N ---> Adj
Tnh t Ngha
international quc t
overnight qu m
supernatural siu nhin
overanxious qu lo u
overseas hi ngoi
supersonic siu m
overconfident qu t tin
oversized qu c
undercover kn,b mt
overcrowded qu ng
overweight qu cn, bo ph
underdeveloped km pht trin
overelaborate qu t m


subconscious tim thc
underpaid tr thp qu
overjealous qu ghen
subnormal di bnh thng
underweight nh cn, thiu cn
overjoyed qu vui
superhuman siu phm
2) Hu t:
a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj
Tnh t Ngha
manly c tnh cch n ng
dusty c bi
brotherly thuc v anh em
snowy c tuyt
worldly thuc v th gii
rainy c ma
hourly hng gi
sandy c ct
yearly hng nm
dirty bn
daily hng ngy
healthy kho mnh
childlike nh con nt
magical tuyt vi


godlike nh thn thnh
agricultural nng nghip
statesmanlike nh nh chc trch
industrial cng nghip
lifelike ging nh tht
natural thin nhin
speechless khng li
national thuc quc gia
carelesss khng cn thn
harmful c hi
harmless khng c hi
useful c ch
childless khng c con
delightful vui v
treeless khng c cy
successful thnh cng
odourless khng mi v
hopeful hi vng
foolish in di
helpful hay gip
selfish ch k
peaceful ho bnh
childish c tnh cch tr con
scientific khoa hc


b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible ---> Adj
Tnh t Ngha Tnh t Ngha
acceptable c th chp nhn
defensible c th bo v c
achievable c th t c
eatable c th n c
active nng ng
effective hiu qu
agreeable tn thnh
excusable c th tha th
attractive hp dn
informative c nhiu thng tin
comprehensible c th hiu
manageable c th qun l
countable c th m
washable c th git c

IV- TRNG T: Phn ln: Adj + -ly ---> Adv (xem Bi 10, III, 1.1)

Bi 13: CHUYN I CU


Cc dng bin i cu thng gp
1) Ch ng b ng: (xem li Bi 2)
2) Trc tip gin tip: (xem li Bi 4)
3) o ng: (xem li Bi 6)
4) Mnh trng t ch l do, s nhng b:(xem li Bi 8, II, 3&7)
though/although/even though + S + V
---> despite/in spite of + V-ing/N/N phrase
* LU : BUT ---> ALTHOUGH
Ex: Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
---> Although cars cause pollution, people still want them.
5) So snh: (xem thm Bi 11, so snh bng/nht/hn)
Ex: Mary is not as tall as Alice.
---> Mary is not so tall as Alice.
---> Mary is less tall than Alice.
---> Alice is taller than Mary.
6) iu kin: (xem li Bi 5, cu K loi 2 v 3)
1.1 Khng c tht hin ti:
Ex: Im busy. I dont go to the concert.
---> If I were not busy, I would go to the concert.
---> Unless I were busy, I would go to the concert.
1.2 Khng c tht qu kh:
Ex: Peter missed the train because he woke up too late.
---> If Peter hadnt woken up too late, he wouldnt have missed the train.
---> Unless Peter had woken up too late, he wouldnt have missed the train.


7) Ao c: (xem li Bi 5, cu ao c)
7.1 Khng c tht hin ti:
Ex: Tom is not happy because his girlfriend is not here.
---> Tom wishes his girlfriend were here.
1.1 Khng c tht qu kh:
Ex: I am sorry I missed your wedding party.
---> I wish I hadnt missed your wedding party.
1.2 Khng c tht tng lai:
Ex: They will not attend my birthday party next week.
---> I wish they would attend my birthday party next week.
8) Thu/nh ai lm vic g: (xem thm Bi 2, 4.2)
S + V + O ---> S + have + O + V ---> S + have + O + V3/ed
---> S + get + O + to V ---> S + get + O + V3/ed
Ex: The machanic repairs my car every month.
---> I have the machanic repair my car every month.
---> I get the machanic to repair my car every month.
---> I have/get my car repaired by the mechanic every month.
9) ngh, li khuyn:
Lets + V S + advise/suggest + V-ing
How/What about + V-ing? S + advise + O + to V
Would you mind + V-ing? S + suggest (that) + S (+ should) + V
Why dont we/you + V?
Ex: Lets go for a ride!
---> What about going for a ride?


Please dont play the music so loudly.
---> Would you mind not playing the music so loudly?
10) Nguyn nhn kt qu:
so + adj/adv + that clause
such (a/an) + adj + N + that clause
too + adj/adv (+ for O) + to + V
not + adj + enough (+ for O) + to + V
Ex: The water was so cold that the children couldnt swim in it.
---> It was such cold water that the children couldnt swim in it.
---> The water was too cold for the children to swim in.
---> The water is not warm enough for the children to swim in.
* LU :
- Trong cu trc so/such that, ta gi li t it.
- Trong cu trc too to v not enough to, ta b t it.
11) Mc ch/nguyn nhn:
S + V + to/in order to/so as to + V
S + V + so that/in order that + S + can/could + V
S + V + because + S + V
Ex: They started early to go to school on time.
---> They started early so that they could go to school on time.
---> They started early because they wanted to go to school on time.
12) Ln th (lm chuyn g):
S + have/had + never + V3/ed
S + have/had + not + V3/ed + before


---> It/This is/was the first time (that) + S + have/had + V3/ed
Ex: I have not eaten this kind of food before.
---> This is the first time that I have eaten this kind of food.
13) kin/nh gi mt s vic:
It + be + adj (for O) + to V
---> To V/V-ing + be + adj (for O)
Ex: It is not easy for me to master English.
---> To master/Mastering English is not easy for me.
It is more dangerous to drive a motorbike than to drive a car.
---> To drive a motorbike is more dangerous than to drive a car.
---> Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than driving a car.
14) Mt (thi gian) lm vic g:
S + spend + time + V-ing hoc S + last + time
---> It + takes/took + O + time + to V
Ex: He spent 15 minutes finishing this exercise.
---> It took him 15 minutes to finish this exercise.
The flight to Hong Kong lasts about 8 hours.
---> It takes about 8 hours to fly to Hong Kong.
15) Thi quen hin ti v trong qu kh:
S + often/usually + V
S + find + it + adj + to V
---> S + be used to + V-ing
Ex: They usually drink beer.
---> They are used to drinking beer.


I dont find it difficult to get up early.
---> I am used to getting up early.
S + used to + V ---> S + no longer + V = S + not any more/any longer
Ex: He used to smoke cigarettes.
---> He no longer smokes cigarettes.
---> He doesnt smoke cigarettes any more / any longer.
* LU :
be used to + V/ be used for + V-ing: cng dng mt vt
Ex: What is money used for?
---> It is used to buy or sell goods.
---> It is used for buying or selling goods.


PH LC 1: NG T BT QUY TC THNG GP

Hin ti Qu kh QK PT Ngha
am/is/are was/were been th, l,
arise Arose arisen xut hin
bear Bore borne sinh ra
beat Beat beaten nh, p
become Became become tr nn
begin Began begun bt u
bend Bent bent ci, gp
bet Bet bet nh cuc
bite Bit bitten cn
bleed Bled bled chy mu
blow Blew blown thi
break Broke broken lm v
breed Bred bred nui
bring Brought brought mang


build Built built xy dng
burn* Burnt burnt t chy
burst Burst burst bng chy
buy bought bought mua
catch Caught caught bt c
choose Chose chosen chn la
come Came come n
cost Cost cost tr gi
creep Crept crept b
cut Cut cut ct
dig Dug dug o
do Did done lm
draw Drew drawn v
dream* Dreamt dreamt m
drink Drank drunk ung
drive Drove driven li xe
eat ate eaten n
fall Fell fallen t xung
feed Fed fed cho n
feel Felt felt cm thy
fight fought fought nh nhau
find Found found tm thy
fit Fit fit va vn
fly Flew flown bay


forecast Forecast forecast d bo
forget Forgot forgot(ten) qun
forgive Forgave forgiven tha th
freeze Froze frozen ng lnh
get Got got(ten) t c
give Gave given cho
go Went gone i
grind Ground ground nghin
grow Grew grown mc
hang Hung hung treo
have Had had c; dng
hear Heard heard nghe
hide Hid hidden che giu
hit Hit hit ng
hold Held held cm,nm,t chc
hurt hurt hurt lm au
keep Kept kept gi
know Knew known bit
lay Laid laid t,
lead Led led dn dt
learn* Learnt learnt hc
leave left left ri khi
lend Lent lent cho mn
let Let let cho


lose Lost lost nh mt
make Made made lm
mean Meant meant ngha l
meet Met met gp
overcome overcame overcome vt qua
pay Paid paid tr tin
put Put put t,
quit Quit quit thot ra
read Read read c
ride Rode ridden ci, p xe
ring Rang rung reo, rung
rise Rose risen nh,mc ln
run Ran run chy
say Said said ni
seek Sought sought tm kim
sell Sold sold bn
send Sent sent gi i
set Set set xp t
shake Shook shaken lc
shoot Shot shot bn
shut Shut shut ng li
sing Sang sung ht
sink Sank sunk chm, m
sit Sat sat ngi


sleep Slept slept ng
slide Slid slid trt i
smell* Smelt smelt ngi
speak Spoke spoken ni
speed Sped sped tng tc
spell Spelt spelt nh vn
spend Spent spent tiu xi
spill Spilt spilt trn ra
spread Spread spread lan truyn
stand Stood stood ng
sting Stung stung chch, t
strike Struck struck nh
swear Swore sworn th
sweep Swept swept qut Ng php ting Anh THPT Nguyn ng Hong Duy
swim Swam swum bi, li
swing Swung swung nh u
take Took taken cm, nm
teach Taught taught dy
tear Tore torn x rch
tell told told bo, k
think Thought thought suy ngh
throw Threw thrown nm
thrust Thrust thrust n mnh


understand understood understood hiu
wake Woke woken nh thc
wear Wore worn mc, i
weave Wove woven dt
weep Wept wept khc
wet Wet wet lm t
win Won won thng
write Wrote written vit

* C th thm ed thnh lp V2/3.

CHC CC BN THI TT

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