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Mc Lc:
Mc Lc:..................................................................................................................... 1

A.

Li m u:
Ngy nay, khi khi i sng con ngi ngy cng c ci thin th vic s
dng bp gas v cc sn phm ca gas lm nhin liu un nu khng
phi l mt vic xa l vi hu ht mi ngi dn. Bn cnh vic tin li
ca gas, mt vn khc cng c t ra l vn v an ton khi s
dng gas. Khi con ngi tip xc trc tip vi kh gas (vt qu mt nng
cho php nht nh) trong thi gian th rt d b ng c gas v c th
gy t vong. Khng nhng vy kh gas r r vo trong khng kh c th d
dng bt la v gy chy n, nh hng nghim trng ti an ton ca
ngi s dng cng nh nhng ngi xung quanh. V vy, vn pht
hin v x l s c r gas l mt vic rt cn thit vi ngi thng
xuyn s dng gas. c bit l cc bn sinh vin thng s dng cc
bnh gas mini khng m bo cht lng, c th r r gas bt c khi no.
c s t vn v hng dn ca thy, em nhn thy y l mt ti
hay, c tnh ng dng cao v c th pht trin nn em chn ti ny
lm ti chnh trong n mn hc I.

B.

S khi:

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I. Nhn bit:
Dng cm bin nhn bit s xut hin ca kh gas trong khng kh. C
th y em dng cm bin kh gas MQ6. Tn hiu ng ra ca khi
nhn bit s c a vo x l khi x l.

II. X l:
Tn hiu ng ra Vo ca MQ6 s c a qua ADC 0804 chuyn
i thnh tn hiu s.
Tn hiu s c a vo vi x l (AT89c51), vi x l s phn tch v
so snh d liu vo vi cc gi tr c tnh ton sn v quyt nh
a ra bo ng nhng mc khc nhau vi nhng nng kh gas
trong khng kh khc nhau, ty theo mc nguy him ca chng.
Tn hiu bo ng s c gi n khi bo ng.

III. Bo ng:
Dng ci 5v v cc n LED.
Khi c hin tng r gas xy ra th cc n LED s sng, khi nng
gas t ti mc nguy him th ci s h cng vi bo sng ca cc n
LED. Ty vo mc r gas th h thng bo ng s bo mt mc khc
nhau ngi pht hin c th tm cch x l thch hp.
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S dng cc n LED bo ng phng trng hp xung quanh

c cc ting n, m thanh ca ci c th khng bo ng v
ngi s dng nhn bit c mc nguy him ca s c thng qua
cc LED sng.

C.Thit k v thi cng :

I. Linh kin:
1) MQ6:
a. Hnh dng thc t:

MQ6 l cm ng kh gas s dng SnO2 , da vo s thay i kh nng dn in

ca SnO2 khi nng kh gas v cc cht kh d chy khc thay i. Khi nng
cng tng th dn in s cng tng, in tr ca cm bin gim.

b. S cu to v cch mc:

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in p ly ra trn chn A (hoc B) ca cm bin ging nh in p ly ra cu

phn p. in tr Rs ca cm bin thay i lm cho gi tr in p trn u ra
ny thay i, ty thuc vo nng kh gas trong khng kh ni t cm bin
m ta c cc gi tr Vout khc nhau.
in tr RL c chn nm trong khong t 10K n 20K.
c. Cc thng s cn bit:
Biu ch s ph thuc ca Rs vo nng kh gas v nhit mi
trng

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R0: in tr cm bin 20oC, 1000ppm, 65%RH

Tm o nng gas: 300ppm 10000ppm (ppm: part per milion)

RH= 33 5% gi tr o c l RH = 30
PH900mW
RS=RAB= 10K - 60K (1000ppm LPG )
Rs(in air)/Rs(1000ppm C3 H8 )5
Theo mch, o c RS=15 K (in air)
Theo th ta thy: in tr ca cm bin trong khng kh iu kin bnh
thng gp 10 ln 1000ppm suy ra in tr RS 1000ppm khong 1,5K.
2000ppm

Rs = 0.7x1,5 = 1,05 K

2) ADC0804:
S chn:

CS: chn chn chip, tch cc mc thp.

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RD: Tn hiu vo tch cc mc thp. Khi c tn hiu vo t 1 xung 0

gi n chn RD (CS=0) th d liu 8 bit c a ti ng ra (D0
D7).
WR: Tn hiu vo tch cc mc thp, khi c tn hiu vo t 1 xung 0
gi n chn WR (CS=0) th bt u qu trnh chuyn i gi tr Vin.
INT: Tn hiu ra tch cc mc thp, sau khi qu trnh chuyn i
hon tt, INT c chuyn xung mc 0.
Vin+ v Vin-: u vo tng t vi sai. Thng th Vin- c ni
xung t.

AGND : analog GND. t ca tn hiu analog.

DGND : digital GND. t ca tn hiu digital. Thng th AGND,

DGND v Vin- c ni chung vi nhau v ni vi mass ca mch.
D0 D7: tn hiu digital u ra.
Vcc: chn ngun nui. Thng s dng ngun 5V.
Vref/2: Chn in p tham chiu, nu chn ny h th in p
tham chiu trong khong 0 Vcc.
CLK R v CLK IN : s dng to thi gian, thng c mc vi
s nh hnh v.
f=

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nu chn R=10 K v C=150pF th f=606 Hz v thi gian chuyn i l 110us.

3) AT89c51:
L chip vi x l thuc h 8051. y l loi chip d tm trn th trng, v gi
kh phi chng, ph hp vi yu cu ca mch.
Dng ln nht mt chn port c th xut ra l 10mA.
Tng dng ln nht port 0 chu c l 26mA
Tng dng ln nht port 1, port 2, port 3 c th chu mi port l
15mA.
Tng dng tt c cc port c th chu ng thi l: 71mA

p mc cao nh nht xut ra cc port : 2.4 V

4) C1815:

khi ch bo ha:
Icmax = 150mA
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VBE = 0.8 V
hfemin = 70
5) Tr v t in v LED v ci:

Tr gm c: 10K, 220 Ohm, 390 Ohm

T gm c: 10uF, 33pF, 151pF

LED : LED .

Ci : chn ci 5V, tr o c l 300 ohm. Dng m bo ci

c th ku bnh thng khong 16mA.

II. S nguyn l:
1) S :

2) Thit k:

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Vi MQ6 v ADC0804, ta mc theo datasheet ca nh sn xut, ngoi

ra:
ADC0804:
Chn RD ni vi port P2.0
Chn WR ni vi port P2.1
Chn INT ni vi port P1.3
T ni vi chn CLK IN c dng l t 151pF
MQ6:
Chn Rout l 10 K

RH = 30 ohm

8051:
Port P0 ni vi D0 D7 ca ADC0804.
Chn reset c ni nh hnh v vi C = 10uF, R = 10K.

Cc LED c ni vi in tr 390 Ohm trc khi ni t gii

hn dng.

Ci c ni qua transitor C1815, C1815 c dng ch

bo ha. Khi c mt tch cc mc cao c a ra P2.7 (3V
5V). transitor hot ng ch bo ha th :
IB

= 150/ 70 = 2.2mA

IB=

Rb =

720 Ohm

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Chn Rb = 220 Ohm mch lun hot ng ch bo

ha khi c tn hiu tch cc mc cao c a ra chn
P2.7
Thch anh chn loi thch anh 11.0592 Mhz
Tr thanh chn loi 4.7K
Tr khng vo ca mch:
V RH = 30 Ohm cc thnh phn cn li c tr khng vo rt ln khi nhn
vo hai u ngun nn tr khng vo ca mch l khong 30 Ohm. Thc
t o c Rin = 30 ohm. Nh vy, cng sut ca mch l :
P= U2/R = 0.83 (w)
I = U/R = 0.17 (A)
3) Mch in:

III. Chng Trnh:

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1) Tnh ton:
Nng kh gas trong khng kh mc trn 1000 ppm l c th gy
nguy him. Bi vy, mch s a ra tn hiu cnh bo 500 ppm nhm
ngi s dng c th pht hin v c nhng bin php x l kp
thi trc khi s c tr nn nguy him.
in p ra ng ra ca MQ6 c xc nh bng cng thc :
Vout =

x5

Cm bin s nhn in p ra ca MQ6 so snh vi in p chun

( 5V ), sau chuyn thnh s nh phn 8bit trc khi a n ng ra,
gi tr thp phn ca s nh phn 8bit sau khi chuyn i c xc
nh bng cng thc
A=
500ppm
Rs = 1.5x1.5=2.25K
Gi A l gi tr ng ra ca ACD
A = 10x255 / (10 + 2.25) = 208
600ppm
Rs = 1.4x1.5 = 2.1 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 211
700ppm
Rs = 1.3x1.5 = 1.95 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 213

800 ppm

Rs = 1.2x1.5 = 1.8 K

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A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 216

1000ppm:
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.5) = 221
1300 ppm
Rs = 0.9x1.5 = 1.35 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.35) = 224
1800ppm
Rs = 0.8x1.5 = 1.2 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.8) = 228
2000ppm
Rs = 0.75x1.5 = 1.125K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 1.2) = 230
2500ppm
Rs = 0.65x1.5 = 0.975 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.975) = 232
3000ppm
Rs = 0.6x1.5 = 0.9 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.75) = 235

4000 ppm

Rs = 0.5x1.5 = 0.75 K
A = 10x255 / (10 + 0.75) = 239

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2) Chng trnh:

ORG

0000H

INT

BIT

P1.3

RD1

BIT

P2.0

WR1

BIT

P2.1

LED1

BIT

P2.5

LED2

BIT

P2.6

LED3

BIT

P2.7

LOA

BIT

P2.4

MAIN:

MOV

b,#0

MOV

A,#0F0H

MOV

P2,A

LAP:

13

CLR

WR1

MOV

R1,#200

DJNZ

R1,$

CLR

RD1

MOV

R1,#20

DJNZ

R1,$

MOV

A,P0

SETB

INT

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SETB

RD1

SETB

WR1

CJNE

A,B,LAM

AJMP KT

LAM:

14

MOV

B,A

CLR

LED1

CLR

LED2

CLR

LED3

CLR

loa

CJNE

A,#208,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED1

CJNE

A,#211,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED2

CJNE

A,#213,$+3

JC

KT

SET

BLED3

CJNE

A,#216,$+3 ;BAT LOA

JC

KT

SETB

LOA

CLR

LED3

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CLR

LED2

CLR

LED1

CJNE

A,#221,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED1

CJNE

A,#224,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED2

CLR

LED1

CJNE

A,#228,$+3

SETB

LED1

CJNE

A,#230,$+3

SETB

LED3

CLR

LED2

CLR

LED1

CJNE

A,#232,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED1

CJNE

A,#235,$+3

JC

KT

SETB

LED2

CLR

LED1

CJNE

A,#239,$+3

JC

KT

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SETB

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LED1

KT:
MOV

R1,#50

LAP1:
MOV

R2,#100

DJNZ

R2,$

DJNZ

R1,LAP1

AJMP

LAP

END

IV. Mch thc t:

1) Mt trc:

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2) Mt sau:

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V. S dng :
1) Cng dng:
Mch s dng bo s c r gas, c th dng cc h gia nh,
phng tr, cc ca hng bn gas v mt s ni d b r gas khc.
Nng o:
o T 500 4000ppm vi kh gas thng.

18

T 1000 10000 ppm vi CH4.

Nhit t -100C 500C.

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2) Ch :
Lp mch gn ni c kh nng xy ra r r gas ln nht.
khng nn nc hoc cc cht lng khc ri vo mch, c
bit l ri vo cm bin.
Sau mt thi gian lm vic khong 2 ngy th nn mch ch
ngh khong 5 pht.
Khi c bo ng xy ra th cn tm cch khc phc s c kp thi:
Nu n bo sng v ci cha h th ch tm cch khc phc li r
gas, v d nh kha van an ton ca gas, mang bnh gas ra ni kh ro,
thong mt v t ngi qua li, dng qut thi kh gas khi phng. Nu
ci h th ch , khng nn bc vo phng v c th gy ng c,
khng dng bt c dng c nh la no hoc khng nn bt bt c
cng tc no trong phng, trnh chy n xy ra.

D. Ti liu tham kho:

Sch Vi X L ca thy H Trung M.

Sch Cu Trc Ghp Ni v ng Dng Vi iu Khin ca thy

Nguyn Mnh Giang.
Sch K thut xung ca c Nguyn Nh Anh.

Trang http://tailieu.vn/

Trang http://www.datasheetcatalog.com

Trang http://www.statistics.gov.uk

V mt s trang web khc.

E. Li cm n:

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Mc d ti v bo chy, bo r gas khng phi l mt ti mi m, cng

khng phi l mt ti qu kh v phc tp nhng n cng kim tra
c kin thc c bn v in t v phn nh c s vn dng kin thc
hc mt cch khoa hc, tinh thn lm vic nghim tc, s tm ti hc hi,
nghin cu kin thc mi ca em. Trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng, em
gp khng t kh khn v kh c th hon thnh c sn phm nu khng
c s hng dn chi tit v s gip nhit tnh v ch bo chu o ca
gio vin hng dn l thy L Anh Khoa t khu chn ti, thit k v
kim tra sn phm. Em xin chn thnh cm n s gip v ch bo ca
thy trong thi gian qua.
Do thi gian lm n c hn v cc kin thc lm mch ca em cha c
hon chnh nn ti ca em cn mt s hn ch v thiu st. Nu c iu
kin th ti c th pht trin thm hng thit k c nhiu tnh nng tt
hn v hiu qu hn. Bng cch kt hp mt s thit b cn thit nh iu
khin qut gi gim nng kh gas khi nng vt qu mt mc cho
php no , kt ni vi in thoi khi c hin tng r gas xy ra th c
th bo ng qua in thoi, t ng kha van an ton ca bnh gas sau mt
thi gian khng s dng bp gas....
Sau cng, mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n thy L Anh Khoa l gio
vin hng dn n mn hc I ca em gip em hon thnh n ny.

Tp H Ch Minh
Ngy 24 thng 12 nm 2010
Trng Xun Trung

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