211

:.
.:2310997766email:dtsiplak@chem.auth.grurl:users.auth.gr/~dtsiplak

:
1.
1.1.
(,
):

R
S
R(ohm), (m),S
(m 2),(ohmm)
,
(,):
1 1S
S

G
R

1
G(ohm S),(ohm1m1Sm1)

1.2.
1000
(C[=]mol/lt)
C
1000
,eq:
(Cz[=]greq/lt)
eq
C
(
mol/ltgreq/ltScm1)Scm2mol1.

. ,
:

,: m

m 0m C
Kohlrausch

0m
,.


1.

1.

Kohlrausch(). 0m
: 0m , +
,+
(.. +==1 HCl, NaCl, CuSO4
+=1 =2 MgCl2).
25oC.

+
NH4
K+
Na+
Li+

/Scm2mol1
349.8
73.7
73.5
50.11

OH
Cl
Br
SO24

CH3COO

38.68

/Scm2mol1
197
76.4
78.1
161.6
40.9

1.3.

WheatstoneKohlrausch(2).

2.Kohlrausch
.
(AC)
,: R3 R4 = R1 R2 .

 Wheatstone,
.
(503000 Hz)

.
,
. ,

(3).

3..

1.4.
:

CH3COOC2H5 NaOH CH3COONa C2H5OH

(1)

,
( 197 10 4 Sm2mol1 )
CH3COO ( CH COO 40.9 10 4 Sm2mol1 )
3

.
( ) ,
.
,
(1):
dx

(2)
k(a x)(b x)
dt
a b , NaOH,
x( CH3COONa )t.
(2):
1
b(a x)
k
ln

(3)
(a b)t a(b x)

ln

b(a x)
k(a b)t
a(b x)

(4)

, , a b,
,x, lnb(a x) a(b x) vs.t ,
k.
,x,
.,,
:

t Na CH COO

(5)

Na , CH COO a+, OH CH3COO,

3

.
,i=1000i/Ci:
C C CH COO CCH3COO

t Na Na OH OH 3

(6)

1000
1000
1000
3
t 10 [bNa (b x) OH x CH COO ]
3

t=0,x=0,
,0:

0 Na 103 b(Na OH )

(7)

(7)(6):

0 t 103 x( OH CH COO )
3

10 ( 0 t )
OH CH COO
3

(8)

OH CH COO
3

,,x
.

2.

,k.
)
0.0125NaOH100ml.
0.01CH3COOC2H5100ml.
) t=0(0)
50ml(NaOH)50ml.
,
, 0,
NaOH
NaOHt=0.
)
50ml(aOHCH3COOC2H5)
().
)
(5 min, 10 min, 15
min,20min,25min,30min,35min,40min45min)
.
a:
1. ,k.
:
t(Scm1)

t(min)

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45

x 103 ( 0 t ) ( OH CH COO )

ln[b(ax)/a(bx)]

,ln[b(ax)/a(bx)]
vs.t,k.

,..,,(1994),.206209.
:,.
(http://www.chem.auth.gr/index.php?rm=567&mn=567&st=138)
,.
(http://www.chem.auth.gr/index.php?rm=529&mn=737&st=83)