INTRO TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

In a communication system, noise

is most likely to affect the signal
- in the channel
Indicate the FALSE statement.
Fourier Analysis shows that a
sawtooth wave consist of
fundamental and subharmonic
sine a!es
Indicate the FALSE statement.
Modulation is used to
reduce the bandidth used
Indicate the FALSE statement.
From the transmitter, the signal
deterioration because of noise is
usually
"redictable in character
Indicate the TRUE statement.
Most receivers conforms to the
su"erheterod#ne $rou"
Indicate the FALSE statement.
The need for modulation can best
be eem!lified by the following
antenna len$ths ill be
a""ro%imatel# &'( lon$
Indicate the TRUE statement. The
!rocess of sending and receiving
started as early as
the )*(+s
"hich of the ste!s is not included
in the !rocess of rece!tion#
encodin$
The acoustic channel is used for
which of the following#
"erson,to,"erson !oice
communication
Am!litude modulation is the
!rocess of
su"erim"osin$ a lo
fre-uenc# on a hi$h fre-uenc#
AM.LITU/E MO/ULATION
If the !late su!!ly voltage for a
!late-modulated class $ am!lifier
is %, the maimum !late cathode
voltage could be almost as high as
(0
In a low-level AM system,
am!lifiers following the modulated
stage must be
linear de!ices
If the carrier of a &''( modulated
AM wave is su!!ressed, the
!ercentage !ower saving will be
11211
)eak-ty!e bias is used in a !late-
modulated class $ am!lifier to
"re!ent e%cessi!e $rid current
The out!ut stage of a television
transmitter most likely to be a
$rid,modulated class C
am"lifier
The modulation inde of an AM
wave is changed from ' to &. The
transmitter !ower is
increased b# 3+4
*ne of the advantages of the base
modulation over collector
modulation of a transistor class $
am!lifier is
the loer modulatin$ "oer
re-uired
A carrier is simultaneously
modulated by two sine waves with
modulation indices of '.+ and '.,-
the total modulation inde
is +23
Am!litude modulation is used for
broadcasting because
its use a!oids recei!er
com"le%it#
"hat is the ratio of modulating
!ower to total !ower at &''
!ercent modulation#
)56
SIN7LE 8 SI/E9AN/ TEC:NI;UES
Indicate the FA)./ statement
regarding the advantages of ..0
over 1.0F$ AM
transmitter circuits must be
more stable< $i!in$ best
rece"tion
"hen the modulation inde of an
AM wave is doubled, the antenna
current is also doubled. The AM
system being used is
SS9SC =>6E?
Indicate which one of the following
advantages of the !hase
cancellation method of obtaining
..0 over the filter method is
FALSE
There are more balanced
modulators@ therefore the
carrier is su""ressed better
The most commonly used filters in
..0 generation are
mechanical
In an ..0 transmitter, one is most
likely to find a
class 9 RF am"lifier
Indicate in which one of the
following only one sideband is
transmitted
:6E =SS9FC?
*ne of the following cannot be
used to remove the unwanted
sideband ..0. This is the
balanced modulator
2+/ 3..02$4 modulation is
sometimes used to
sim"lif# the fre-uenc# stabilit#
"roblem in the rece"tion
To !rovide two or more voice
circuits with the same carrier, it is
necessary to use
IS9 =9*E?
%estigial sideband modulation
3$+F4 is normally used for
T0 broadcastin$
FRE;UENCY MO/ULATION
In the stabili5e reactance
modulator AF$ 3automatic
fre6uency control4 system
the discriminator fre-uenc#
must not be too lo< of the
s#stem ill fail
In the s!ectrum of a fre6uency-
modulated wave
the am"litude of an#
sidebands de"ends on the
modulation inde%
The difference between !hase and
fre6uency modulation
lies in the different definitions
of the modulation inde%
Indicate the FALSE statement
regarding the Armstrong
3su!erheterodyne4 modulation
system
e-ualiAation is unnecessar#
An FM signal with a modulation
inde mf is !assed through a
fre6uency tri!ler. The wave in the
out!ut of the tri!ler will have a
modulation
- 6mf
An FM signal with a deviation 7 is
!assed through a mier and has
its fre6uency reduced to fivefold.
The deviation in the out!ut of the
mier is
B
A !re-em!hasis circuit !rovides
etra noise immunity by
am"lif#in$ the hi$her audio
fre-uencies
.ince the !hase-modulates the FM
wave, as the noise sideband
fre6uency a!!roaches the carrier
fre6uency, the noise am!litude
is decreased
"hen the modulating fre6uency is
doubled, the modulation inde is
halved, and the modulating voltage
remains constant. The modulation
system is
fre-uenc# modulation
Indicate which of the following is
NOT an advantage of FM over AM
loer bandidth is re-uired
*ne of the following is an indirect
way of generating FM. This is the
Armstron$ modulator
In an FM stereo multi!le
transmission, the
difference si$nal modulates
the 6*C:A subcarrier
RA/IO RECEI0ERS
Indicate which of the following
statements about the advantages
of the !hase discriminator over the
slo!e detector is FALSE
$reater limitin$
"hich of the following statements
about the am!litude limiter is
FALSE#
the circuit is ala#s biased in
class C< b# !irtue of the leaC,
t#"e bias
In a radio receiver with sim!le
A8$ 3automatic gain control4
an increase in si$nal stren$th
"roduces more A7C
In a broadcast su!erheterodyne
receiver, the
mi%er in"ut must be tuned to
the si$nal fre-uenc#
To !revent overloading of the IF
am!lifier in the receiver, one
should use
!ariable sensiti!it#
A su!erheterodyne receiver with
an IF of ,9' k:5 is tuned to a
signal at &;'' k:5. The image
fre6uency is
D)++ C:A
In a ratio detector
the linearit# is orse than in
"hase discriminator
The ty!ical s6uelch circuit 3an
electronic circuit that automatically
reduces the gain of a receiver in
res!onse to an in!ut signal that
eceeds a !redetermined level4
cuts off
an audio am"lifier hen the
carrier is absent
Indicate the FALSE statement in
connection with communications
receiver
!ariable sensiti!it# is used to
eliminate selecti!e fadin$
The controlled oscillator
synthesi5er is sometimes !referred
over the direct one because
it is relati!e free of s"urious
fre-uenc#
The fre6uency generated by each
decade in a direct fre6uency
synthesi5er is much higher than
the fre6uency shown- this is done
to
reduce the s"urious fre-uenc#
"roblem
Indicate which of the following
circuits COUL/ NOT demodulate
..0
"hase discriminator
If a FET is used as the first AF
am"lifier in a transistor recei!er,
this will have the effect of
reducin$ the effect of the
ne$ati!e 8 "eaC cli""in$
Indicate the FALSE statement.
The su!erheterodyne receiver
re!laced the T2F receiver
because the latter suffered from
insufficient $ain and
sensiti!it#
The image fre6uency of a
su!erheterodyne receiver
is not reEected b# the IF tuned
circuits
*ne of the main functions of the
2F am!lifier in a su!erheterodyne
receiver is to
im"ro!e the reEection of the
ima$e fre-uenc#
A receiver has !oor IF selectivity.
It will therefore also have !oor
blocCin$
Three !oint tracking is achieved
with
the "adder ca"acitor
The local oscillator of a broadcast
receiver is tuned to a fre6uency
higher than the incoming
fre6uency
to allo ade-uate fre-uenc#
co!era$e ithout sitchin$
If the intermediate fre6uency is
very high 3indicate the false
statement4
tracCin$ ill be im"ro!ed
A low ratio of the ac to the dc load
im!edance of a diode detector
results in
ne$ati!e 8 "eaC cli""in$
*ne of the following CANNOT be
used to demodulate ..0
bi"olar transistor balanced
modulator
Indicate the false statement.
<oting that no carrier is transmitter
with =+/ 3..0.$4, we see that
adEacent,channel reEection is
more difficult
"hen a receiver has good
blocking !erformance, this means
that
it is unaffected b# A7C
deri!ed from nearb#
transmissions
An AM receiver uses a diode
detector for demodulation. This
enables satisfactorily to receive
SS9FC
TRANSMISSION LINES
Indicate the FALSE statement.
The ."2 on a transmission line is
infinity- the line is terminated in
a com"le% im"edance
A 3>9 ?9'4@ is connected to a
coaial transmission line of Ao B
>9@ at &' 8:5. The best method
of matching consist in connecting
a short 8 circuited stub at
some s"ecific distance from the
load
The velocity factor of a
transmission line
de"ends on the dielectric
constant of the material used
Im!edance inversion maybe
obtained with
a -uarter,a!e line
.hort-circuited stubs are !referred
to o!en-circuited stubs because
the latter are
liable to radiate
For transmission line load
matching over a range of
fre6uencies, it is best to use a
double stub
The main disadvantage of the two-
hole directional cou!ler is
narro bandidth
To cou!le a coaial line to a
!arallel-wire line, it is best to use
balun
Indicate the three ty!es of
transmission line energy losses
radiation< I
D
R< dielectric
heatin$
Indicate the TRUE statement
below. The directional cou!ler is
a cou"lin$ de!ice for
matchin$ im"edance
RA/IATION AN/
.RO.A7ATION OF FA0ES
Indicate which one of the following
terms a!!lies to tro!oscatter
!ro!agation
fadin$
%)F waves are used for some ty!e
of services because
the# are reliable
Indicate which of the following
fre6uencies cannot be used for
reliable beyond-the-hori5on
terrestrial communications without
re!eaters
)D7:A
:igh-fre6uency waves are
affected b# the solar c#cle
1istances near the ski! distance
should be used for the sky-wave
!ro!agation
to "re!ent sC#,a!e and u""er
ra# interference
A ski!-to-ski! communication
system is !lagued by fading. The
best solution seems to be the use
of
fre-uenc# di!ersit#
A range of microwave fre6uencies
more easily !assed by the
atmos!here than are the others is
called a
indo
Fre6uencies in the C:F range
normally !ro!agate by means of
s"ace a!es
Tro!os!heric scatter is used with
fre6uencies in the following range
U:F
The ground wave eventually
disa!!ears, as one move away
from the transmitter, because of
tiltin$
In electromagnetic waves,
!olari5ation
is due to the trans!erse nature
of the a!es
As electromagnetic waves travel in
free s!ace, only one of the
following can ha!!en to them
attenuation
The absor!tion of radio waves by
the atmos!here de!ends on
their fre-uenc#
/lectromagnetic waves are
reflected when they
"ass into a medium of
different dielectric constant
1iffraction of electromagnetic
waves
ma# occur around the ed$e of
a shar" obstacle
"hen microwave signals follow
the curvature of the earth, this is
known as
ductin$
:elical antennas are often used for
satellite tracking at %:F because
of
the Farada# effect
ANTENNAS
An ungrounded antenna near the
ground
acts as an antenna arra#
*ne of the following consists of
non resonant antennas
the rhombic antenna
*ne of the following is very useful
as a multiband :F receiving
antenna. This is the
lo$ "eriodic
"hich of the following antennas is
best ecited from a waveguide#
horn
Indicate which of the following
reasons for using a counter!oise
with antenna is FALSE#
"rotection of "ersonnel
orCin$ under$round
*ne of the following is NOT a
reason for the use of antenna
cou!le.
to "re!ent reradiation of the
local oscillator
Indicate the antenna that is <*T
wideband.
Marconi
Indicate which one of the following
reasons for the use of a ground
screen with antennas is FALSE
"rotection of "ersonnel
orCin$ underneath
"hich one ofb the following terms
/OES NOT a!!ly to the Dagi
Cda array#
hi$h $ain
An antenna that is currently
!olari5ed as the
helical
The standard reference antenna
for the directive gain is the
isotro"ic antenna
To! loading is sometimes used
with an antenna in order to
increase its
effecti!e hei$ht
$assegrain feed is used with a
!arabolic reflector to
allo the feed to be "laced at
a con!enient "oint
Aoning is used with a dielectric
antenna in order to
reduce the bulC of the lens
A helical antenna is used for
satellite tracking because of its
circular "olariAation
A discone antenna is
useful as U:F recei!in$
antennas
*ne of the following is NOT an
omnidirectional antenna.
lo$ "eriodic
FA0E7UI/ES< RESONATORS<
AN/ COM.ONENTS
"hen electromagnetic waves are
!ro!agated in a waveguide
the# are reflected from the
alls but do not tra!el alon$
them
"aveguides are used mainly for
microwave signals because
the# ould be too bulC# at
loer fre-uencies
The wavelength of a wave in a
waveguide
is $reater than of free s"ace
The main difference between the
o!eration of transmission lines and
waveguides is that
transmission lines use the
"rinci"al mode of "ro"a$ation
and therefore do not suffer from
lo,fre-uenc# cut,off
$om!ared with e6uivalent
transmission lines, + 8h5
waveguides 3indicate FALSE
statement4
are less bulC#
"hen a !articular mode is ecited
in a waveguide, three a!!ears an
etra dielectric com!onent, in the
direction of !ro!agation. The
resulting mode is
trans!erse 8 ma$netic
"hen electromagnetic waves are
reflected at an angle from a wall,
the wavelength along the wall is
$reater than in the actual
direction of "ro"a$ation
As a result of reflectors from a
!lane conducting wall,
electromagnetic waves ac6uire an
a!!arent velocity greater than the
velocity of light in s!ace. This is
called the
"hase !elocit#
Indicate the FALSE statement.
"hen the free s!ace wavelength
of a signal e6uals the cut-off
wavelength of the guide
the characteristic im"edance
of the $uide becomes infinite
A signal !ro!agation in a
waveguide has a full wave of
electric intensity change between
the two further walls, and no
com!onent of the electric field in
the direction of !ro!agation. The
mode is
TED<+
The dominant mode of
!ro!agation is !referred with
rectangular waveguides because
3indicate FALSE statement4
the resultin$ im"edance can
be matched directl# to coa%ial
lines
Doke flange may be used to
cou!le two waveguides
to com"ensate for
discontinuities at the Eoin
In order to cou!le two generators
to a waveguide system without
cou!ling them to each other, on
could NOT use a
E,"lane T
"hich of the following waveguides
tuning com!onents is not easily
ad?ustable#
Iris
A !iston attenuator is a
a!e$uide belo cut,off
$ylindrical cavity resonators are
NOT used with klystrons because
they are
harmonicall# related resonant
fre-uencies
A directional cou!ler with three or
more holes is sometimes used in
reference to the two-hole cou!ler
to increase the bandidth of
the s#stem
A ferrite is
a nonconducti!e ith
ma$netic "ro"erties
Manganese ferrite may be used as
a 3indicate the FALSE answer4
$arnet =has hi$hest fre-uenc#?
The maimum !ower that may be
handled by a ferrite com!onent is
limited by the
Curie tem"erature
A EI< diode is
suitable for use as a
microa!e sitch
A du!leer is used
to allo the one antenna to be
used for rece"tion or
retransmission ithout mutual
interference
For some a!!lications, circular
waveguides may be !referred to
rectangular ones because of
loer attenuation
Indicate which of the following
cannot be followed by the word
FwaveguideG
coa%ial
In order to reduce cross-sectional
dimensions, the waveguide to use
is
rid$ed
For low attenuation, the best
transmission medium is
rectan$ular a!e$uide
MICROFA0E TU9ES AN/
CIRCUITS
A microwave tube am!lifier uses
an aial magnetic field and a radial
electric field. This is the
CFA =cross field am"lifier?
*ne of the following is unlikely to
be used as a !ulsed device. It is
the
9FO
*ne of the reasons why vacuum
tubes eventually fail at microwave
fre6uencies is that their
noise fi$ure increases
Indicate the FALSE statement.
Transit time in microwave tubes
will be reduced if
multi"le or coa%ial leads are
used
The multicavity klystron
is not a $ood lo,le!el
am"lifier because of the noise
Indicate the FALSE statement.
Hlystron am!lifiers may use
intermediate cavities to
"re!ent the oscillations that
occur in to,ca!it# Cl#strons
The T"T 3traveling "ave Tube4 is
sometimes !referred to the
multicavity klystron am!lifier
because it
has a $reater bandidth
The transit time in the re!eller
s!ace of a refle klystron must be
n I cycles to ensure that
returnin$ electrons $i!e
ener$# to the $a" oscillations
The cavity magnetron uses
stra!!ing to
"re!ent mode Eum"in$
A magnetic field is used in the
cavity magnetron to
ensure that the electrons ill
orbit around the cathode
To avoid difficulties with stra!!ing
at high fre6uencies, the ty!e of
cavity structure used in the
magnetron is the
risin$ sun
The !rimary !ur!ose of the heli in
the traveling wave tube is to
reduce the a%ial !elocit# of the
RF field
The attenuator is used in the
traveling wave tube to
"re!ent oscillations
Eeriodic !ermanent- magnet
focusing is used with T"Ts to
a!oid the bulC of an
electroma$net
The T"T is sometimes !referred
to the magnetron as a radar
transmit out!ut tube because it is
ca"able of a lon$er dut# c#cle
A magnetron whose oscillating
fre6uency is electronically
ad?ustable over a wide range is
called
0TM
Indicate which of the following is
NOT a T"T slow-wave structure,
"eriodic,"ermanent ma$net
The glass tube of a T"T may be
coated with a6uadag to
"ro!ide attenuation

A backward-wave oscillator is
based on the
tra!elin$ a!e tube
SEMICON/UCTOR
MICROFA0E /E0ICES AN/
CIRCUITS
A !arametric am!lifier must be
cooled
to im"ro!e noise "erformance
A ruby maser am!lifier must be
cooled
because it cannot o"erate at
room tem"erature
A disadvantage of a microstri!
com!ared with stri!line is that
microstri!
is more liCel# to radiate
The transmission system using
two ground !lanes is
stri"line
Indicate the FALSE statement. An
advantage of stri!line over
waveguide is its
hi$h "oer,handlin$
ca"abilit#
Indicate the FALSE statement. An
advantage of stri!line over
microstri! is its
easier inte$ration ith
semiconductor de!ices
.urfacea acoustics waves
!ro!agate in
-uartA cr#stal
.A" devices may be used as
transmission media liCe
stri"line
Indicate the FALSE statement.
F/T.s are !referred to bi!olar
transistor at highest fre6uencies
because they
lend themsel!es more easil#
to inte$ration
For best low-level noise
!erformance in the J ban, an
am!lifier should use
a ste",reco!er# diode
The biggest advantage of the
T2AEATT diode over the IMEATT
diode is its
hi$her efficienc#
Indicate which of the following
diodes will !roduce the highest !ull
!ower out!ut
RIM.ATT
Indicate which of the following
diodes does NOT use negative
resistance in its o!eration
9acCard
*ne of the following is NOT used
as a microwave mier or detector
.IN diode
*ne of the following diodes is
suitable for very low !ower
oscillators only
tunnel
The transferred-electron bulk
effect occurs in
$allium arsenide
The gain-bandwidth fre6uency of a
microwave transistor, fT, is the
fre6uency at which
beta of the transistor falls to
unit#
For a microwave transistor to
o!erate at the highest fre6uencies,
the 3indicate the FALSE
statement4
emitter area must be lar$e
A varactor diode may be useful at
microwave fre6uencies 3indicate
the FALSE statement4
as an oscillator
If high-ordr fre6uency
multi!lication is re6uired from a
diode multi!lier
a ste",reco!er# diode must be
used
A !arametric am!lifier has an in!ut
and out!ut fre6uency of ;.;9 8:5
and is !um!ed at ,.9 8:5. It is
de$enerati!e am"lifier
A nondegenerate !arametric
am!lifier has an in!ut fre6uency fi
and a !um! fre6uency f!. The idler
fre6uency is
f" 8 fi
Travelling-wave !arametric
am!lifiers are used to
"ro!ide $reater bandidth
A !arametric am!lifier sometimes
uses a circulator to
"re!ent noise feedbacC
The nondegenerate one-!ost
!arametric am!lifier should have a
high ratio of !um! to signal
fre6uency because this
#ields a lo noise fi$ure
The tunnel diode
uses a hi$h do"in$ le!el to
"ro!ide a narro Eunction

A tunnel diode is loosely cou!led
to its cavity in order to
increase the fre-uenc#
stabilit#
The negative resistance in a tunnel
diode
is a!ailable beteen the "eaC
and the !alle# "oints
The biggest advantage of gallium
antimonide over germanium for
tunnel-diode use is that the former
has a
lar$er !olta$e sin$
<egative resistance is obtained
with a 8unn diode because of
electron transfer to a less
mobile ener$# le!el
For 8unn 1iodes, the gallium
arsenide is !referred to silicon
because the former
has a suitable em"t# ener$#
band hich silicon does not
ha!e
The biggest disadvantage of
IMEATT diode is its
hi$h noise
The magnetic field is used with a
ruby maser to
"ro!ide fre-uenc#
adEustments
The ruby maser has been
!referred to the ammonia maser
for microwave am!lification,
because the former has
a much $reater bandidth
Earametric am!lifiers and masers
are similar to each other in that
both 3indicate the FALSE
statement4
must be cooled don to a fe
Gel!ins
A maser 2F am!lifier is not really
suitable for
radar
The ruby laser differs from the
ruby maser in that the former
is an oscillator
The out!ut from a laser is
monochromatic- this means that it
is
sin$le fre-uenc#
For a given average !ower, the
!eak out!ut !ower of a ruby laser
may be increased by
usin$ ; s"oilin$
$ommunications lasers are used
with o!tical fiber, rather than in
o!en links, to
"re!ent atmos"heric
interference
Indicate the FALSE statement.
The advantages of semiconductor
lasers over )/1s include,
- loer cost
/I7ITAL COMMUNICATIONS
1igital signals
do not "ro!ide a continuous
set of !alues< re"resent !alues
as discrete ste"s< can utiliAe
decimal or binar# s#stems =all of
the abo!e?
The event which marked the start
of the modern com!uter age was
the
de!elo"ment of the transistor
The baud rate
is e-ual to tice the
bandidth of an ideal channel
The .hannon :artley )aw
refers to noise
The code which !rovides for !arity
checks is
ASCII
The forward error correcting
code corrects errors by
re-uirin$ no "art of the si$nal
to be retransmitted
Full du!le transmission
re-uires to "airs of cables<
can transfer data in both
directions at once< re-uire
modems at both ends of the
circuit =all of the abo!e?
The 2. ;+; interface
interconnects data sets and
transmission circuit
.witching systems
are limited to small data
netorCs
The data transmission rate of a
modem is measured in
bits "er second
9ROA/9AN/
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
0roadband long distance
communications were made
!ossibly by the use of re"eater
am"lifiers
A scheme in which several
channels are interleaved then
transmit together is known as
fre-uenc# di!ision multi"le%
A basic grou! 0 occu"ies the
fre-uenc# ran$e from 1+ to )+*
C:A
Time division multi!le
interlea!es "ulses belon$in$ to
different transmissions
The number of re!eaters along a
coaial cable link de!ends on
the bandidth of the s#stem
The su!ergrou! !ilot is fed in at
a 7TE
Microwave link re!eaters ty!ically
9' km a!art because of the
earthHs cur!ature
Microwave links are generally
!referred to coaial cable for
television transmission because
the# ha!e less o!erall "hase
distortion
Armored submarine cable is used
for the shallo shore ends of
the cable
A submarine cable re!eater
contains, among other e6ui!ment
filters for the to directions of
transmission
A geostationary satellite is not
reall# stationar# at all< but orbits
the earth ith in a D( hour
"eriod
Indicate the CORRECT statement
regarding satellite communications
a satellite earth station must
ha!e as man# recei!e chains as
there are carriers transmitted to
it
.atellite used for intercontinental
communications are known as
Intelsat
Identical tele!hone numbers in
different !arts of a country are
distinguished by their area
codes
Tele!hone traffic is measured in
erlan$s
In order to se!arate channels in a
T1M receiver, it is necessary to
use AN/ $ates
To se!arate channels in an F1M
receiver, it is necessary to use
AN/ $ates
:igher order T1M levels are
obtained by di!idin$ "ulse
idths
)osses in o!tical fibers can be
caused by 3indicate the FALSE
statement4 ste""ed inde%
o"eration
The &.99 Km FwindowG is not yet in
use with fiber o!tic systems
because it does not lend itself
to a!e
Indicate which of the following is
NOT a submarine cable.
INTELSAT 0
Indicate which of the following is
an American domsat system.
INTELSAT< COMSAT<
INMARSAT
RA/AR SYSTEMS
If the !eak transmitted !ower in a
radar system is increased by a
factor of &L, the maimum range
will be increased by a factor of
D
If the antenna diameter in a radar
system is increased by a factor of
,, the maimum range will be
increased by a factor of
(
If the ratio of the antennas
diameter to the wavelength in a
radar system is high, this will result
in 3indicate the FALSE statement4
increased in ca"ture area
The radar cross section of a target
3indicate the FALSE statement4
is e-ual to the actual cross,
sectional area for small tar$ets
Flat-to!!ed rectangular !ulses
must be transmitted in radar to
3indicate the FALSE statement4
maCe the returned echoes
easier to distin$uish from noise
A high E2F will 3indicate the
FALSE statement4
increase the ma%imum ran$e
The IF bandwidth of a radar
receiver is inversely !ro!ortional to
the
"ulse idth
If a return echo arrives after the
allocated !ulse interval,
the tar$et ill a""ear closer
than it reall# is
After a target has been ac6uired,
the beast scanning system for
tracking is
conical
If the target cross section is
changing, the best system for
accurate tracking is
mono"ulse
The biggest disadvantage of $"
1o!!ler radar is that
it does not $i!e the tar$et
ran$e
The A sco!e dis!lays
the tar$et ran$e but not the
"osition
The 1o!!ler effect is used in
3indicate the FALSE statement4
mo!in$ tar$et "lottin$ on the
..I
The coho in MTI radar o!erates at
the
intermediate fre-uenc#
The function of the 6uart5 delay
line in an MTI radar is to
hel" in subtractin$ a com"lete
scan from the "re!ious scan
A solution to the Fblind s!eedG
!roblem is
to !ar# the .RF
Indicate which one of the following
a!!lication or advantages of radar
beacons is FALSE
more accurate tracCin$ of
em"t# tar$ets
$om!ared with other ty!es of
radar, !hase array radar has the
following advantages 3indicate the
FALSE statement4
circuit sim"licit#
.ULSE COMMUNICATION
Indicate which of the following is
NOT a binary code,
Morse
To !ermit the selection of &-out-of-
&L e6ui-!robable events, the
number of bits re6uired is
(
The signaling system in which the
letter of the al!habet is
re!resented by a different symbol
is NOT used because
noise ould introduce too
man# errors
The :artley states that
the ma%imum rate of
information transmission
de"ends on the channel
bandidth
Indicate the FALSE statement. In
order to combat noise
the channel bandidth ma# be
increased
The most common modulation
system used for telegra!hy is
fre-uenc# shift Ce#in$
Eulse width modulation system
used for telegra!hy is
ith a monostable
Indicate which of the following
system is digital
"ulse code modulation
Muanti5ing noise occurs in
"ulse code modulation
The modulation system inherently
most noise resistant
"ulse code modulation
In order to reduce 6uanti5ing
noise, one must
increase the number of
standard am"litudes
The :artley-.hannon theorem
sets a limit on the
ma%imum ca"acit# of the
channel ith a $i!en noise le!el
Indicate which of the following
!ulse modulation system is analog
.FM
$om!anding is used
to "rotect small si$nals in
.CM from -uantiAin$ distortion
The biggest disadvantage of E$M
the lar$e bandidths that are
re-uired for it

TELE0ISON FUN/AMENTALS
The number of lines !er field in the
C. T% system is
D1DI
The number of frames !er second
in the C. T% system is
6+
The number of line !er seconds in
the C. T% system is
)3<J3+
The channel width in the C. T%
system, in M:5, is
1
Interlacing is used in television
to a!oid flicCer
The signals sent by the T%
transmitter to ensure correct
scanning in the receiver are called
s#nc
In the C. color television system,
the intercarrier fre6uency, in M:5,
is
(23
Indicate which voltages are not
found in the out!ut of a normal
monochrome receiver video
detector
see"
The carrier transmitted &.;9M:5
above the bottom fre6uency in the
C. T% channel is the
"icture carrier
In T%, ,N+ re!resents the
as"ect ratio
/6uali5ing !ulses in T% are sent
during
!ertical blanCin$
The odd number of lines !er frame
forms !art of every one of the
worldOs T% systems. This is
done to assist interlace
The function of the serrations in
the com!osite video waveform is
to
hel" horiAontal
s#nchroniAation
The width of the vertical sync
!ulse in the C. T% system
6:
Indicate which of the following
fre6uencies will NOT be found in
the out!ut of a normal T% receiver
tuner
(23 M:A
The video voltage a!!lied to the
!icture tube of a T% receiver is fed
in
beteen the $rid and cathode
The circuit that se!arates sync
!ulses from the com!osite video
waveform is
a cli""er
The out!ut of the vertical am!lifier,
a!!lied to the yoke in a T%
receiver, consist of
a satooth current
The :% anode su!!ly for the
!icture tube of a T% receiver is
generated in the
horiAontal out"ut sta$e
Another name for the hori5ontal
retrace in a T% receiver is the
fl#bacC
Indicate which of the following
signals is NOT transmitted in color
T%
R
The shadow mask in a color
!icture tube is used to
ensure that each beam hits
onl# its on dots
In a T% receiver, the color killer
cuts off the chroma sta$es
durin$ monochrome rece"tion
INTRO/UCTION TO FI9ER
O.TIC TEC:NOLO7Y
"hat is the fre6uency limit of
co!!er wire
a""ro%2 ) M:A
A!!roimately that is the
fre6uency limit of the o!tical fiber#
K D+7:A< )M:A< )++M:A< (+
M:A
A single fiber can handle as many
voice channel as
)3++ "air cable
An incident ray can be defined as
a li$ht ra# directed toard a
surface
The term dis!ersion describes the
!rocess of
se"aratin$ li$ht into its
com"onent fre-uencies
"hich of the following terms
describes the reasons that light is
refracted at different angles#
The an$le is determined b# the
inde% of the materials
The term critical angle describes
the "oint at hich li$ht has
$one from the refracti!e mode
to the reflecti!e mode
The cladding which surrounds the
fiber core
acts to hel" $uide the li$ht in
the core
The reflective inde number is
a number hich com"ares the
trans"arenc# of a material ith
that of air

The terms single mode and
multimode are best describes as
the number of a!elen$ths
each fiber can su""ort
The higher the inde number
the hi$her the s"eed of li$ht
The three ma?or grou!s in the
o!tical system are
the source< the linC< the
detector
As light is cou!led in a multi!oint
reflective device, the !ower is
reduced by
+23d9
"hen connector losses, s!lice
losses, and cou!ler losses are
added what is the final limiting
factor
detector sensiti!it#
The term res!onsivity as it a!!lies
to a light detector is best described
as
the ratio of the diode out"ut
current to the o"tical in"ut
"oer
)oss com!arisons between fusion
s!lices and mechanical s!lices are
)5)+
The mechanical s!lice is best
suited for
field ser!ice conditions
/M1 is best described by which
statement#
J+4 of the core diameter and
J+4 of the fiber NA should be
filled ith li$ht
"hich of the following cables will
have the highest launch !ower
ca!ability#
)++')(+'+26
The term F!ower budgetingG refers
to
the total "oer a!ailable
minus the attenuation losses