1

STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Prahl
PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GmbH PL

Ktnerweg 13 b
D-22393 Hamburg
Tel: +49 40 640 32 76
Fax: +49 40 637 08 641
E-Mail: licht@wwwprahl.de
http: //www.licht.wwwprahl.de
STREETLIGHTING

MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND
OPERATION

OPERATION

2
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: Philips lighting
1
2
Reducing costs for maintenance and energy
- City beautification: light colour "white"
- suburban regions: light colour "yellow"
Change to 4-years intervall for lamp exchange
Power reduced operation
3 More flexibility at the light point
different lamps for the same luminaire
Simplifying maintenance, longer use of existing luminaires
Trends in operating streetlighting

3
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Road luminance = 2 cd / m
2
Illumination by daylight and road luminance

4
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Average dawn process at 48,8
O
northern latitude
Dawn

5
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
off on
Response value
Switch on value
Switch on value
of street lighting
Lighting plant
Control signal
Dawn switch
Desired value
Switching on with twilight switch 1

6
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Lighting plant
Control signal
Dawn switch
Switch off value
of street lighting
= desired value
Switch off value
Response value
on off
Switching off with twilight switch 2

7
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG


Sheeting
heigth angle
Definition
0 to 20 no obstruction
20 to 30 spacious urban sheeting
30 to 40 normal urban sheeting
40 to 50 narrow urban sheeting
50 to 60 very unfavorable urban sheeting
Obstruction by buildings 1

8
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
I
l
l
u
m
i
n
a
n
c
e

/

l
x

I
l
l
u
m
i
n
a
n
c
e

/

l
x

Standard road layer R 3
single sided sheeting
Standard road layer R 3
two sided sheeting
Sheeting heigth angle
no obstruction
spacious
urban
sheeting
normal
urban
sheeting
narrow
urban
sheeting
v. unfavor-
able
urban sheeting
Obstruction by buildings 2

9
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Lamp type
t
90
in Minutes
Fluorescent lamps*
Ambient temperature 20 C ca. 0,5
Ambient temperature 10 C ca. 3 8
Ambient temperature 0 C ca. 8 15
Ambient temperature - 5 C ca. 13 - 20
*) For compact fluorescent lamps the starting times
can be altered acc. to luminaire construction and
burning position of the lamp.
Metal halide lamps
(ceramic or quartzburner) 2
Mercury vapour high-pressure lamp 4,5
Sodium vapour high-pressure lamp 4,5
Sodium vapour low-pressure lamp 9
Starting time

10
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
2cd/m 1,0cd/m 0,5cd/m
43 lx 22 lx 11 lx
Lamp type
Fluorescent lamps 95 lx (110 lx) 50 lx (68 lx) 25 lx (35 lx)
Sodium low pressure
lamps
150 lx (190 lx) 90 lx (112 lx) 45 lx (65 lx)
all lamp types 40 lx (28 lx) 20 lx (15 lx) 10 lx (7 lx)
Response value of the twilight switch for
switching off in the morning
Values in brackets for delay time of 2 min for signal processing
Road luminance
Desired value of Illuminance
Response value of the twilight switch for
switching on in the evening
Response values for switching with twilight switches

11
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Characteristic Spezification
acc. to DIN
5032 part 6
Tolerance
class B
acc. to DIN
5032 part 7
V()-Filtering f
1
6%
cos-true
evaluation
f
2
2%
Total error f
ges
10%
Tolerances for twilight switches

12
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Circuit examples A, B
B
Light
sensor
Light
sensor
Twilight switch
with delay time
Twilight switch
with delay time
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant 1
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant 2
A

13
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
C
Light
sensor
1
Light
sensor
2
Twilight switch 1
with delay time
Twilight switch 2
with delay time
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant
Programmable
multi-function
relay
Failure
report
Circuit example C

14
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
D
Light
sensor
1
Light
sensor
2
Light
sensor
3
Illuminance evaluation unit
with time delay components
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant 1
plant 2
plant 3
Documentation/
failure report
Circuit example D

15
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
E
Light
sensor
Twilight switch
with delay time
Programmable
multi-function
relay
Switching unit
of street lighting
plant
Failure
report
astronomical
yearly time switch
Circuit example E

16
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Plant ON
Plant OFF
Delayed
switching
points
Plant in action Plant in action
Switching system

17
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
possible released magnetic electronic
Fluorescent lamp
x x x x
Compact
fluorescent lamp
x x x x
Induction lamp
Sodium low
pressure lamp

Sodium high
pressure lamp
x x x x x
Mercury high
pressure lamp
x x x
Ceramic metal
halide lamp
x x x x
Lamp type
Dimming
Power reducing
control gear
Amplitude control with
magnetic standard
control gear
Possibilities for power recuction with Half night circuit

18
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Power reduction by 1 of 2 lamps

19
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Power reduction with tapped choke

20
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Power reduction with additional choke

21
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Operation type Full night
Delay of on/off
switching time
Operation mode
Sunset: Plant on
Sunrise: Plant off
Delay of switching
times of
10 minutes/day
Electric power / % 100 103 73 100 0 100
Yearly operation
hours / hrs
4.069 1.522 2.547 2.245 1.824 -61
Power consumption
/ %
100 -1,5
Power costs / % 100 -1,5
Power cost savings - neglectable
Lighting quality good limited
Traffic security good
very critical (dawn
and dusk)
Crime risk low low
Residential
ambience quality
high good
Half night
Operation
interruption
Power reduction from
22:00 to 5:00 hrs
Total switching off
from 24:00 to 5:00 hrs
medium high
good
good
low
good
considerable
limited
high
low
-15,8
-45,8
-44,9
-40,8
Evaluation of Power reduction 1

22
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Average dawn process at 48,8
O
northern latitude
Minutes
Evaluation of Power reduction 2

23
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
Average dawn process at 48,8
O
northern latitude
off on
Evaluation of Power reduction 3

24
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: LiTG
150 lx 90 lx 45 lx
25 lx 13,5 8,2 4
50 lx 9,5 4,5
95 lx 5
Minutes per
dusk/dawn
Additional
response
value
Given response
value
150 lx 90 lx 45 lx
25 lx 82 52 24
50 lx 58 27
95 lx 30
Additional
response
value
Hours per year
Given response
value
Additional costs / savings of Change

= Change of operation hours x electrical connected load x energy price
Evaluation of Power reduction 4

25
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Operation of lamps: Interruption of neutral conductor

26
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Customer oriented solutions
Clear definitions of quality standards
Transparent catalogue of services and prices
Qualified personnel
Competent partner
Offer for complete service
Treatment about additional duties and cooperation
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services

27
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Controlling
Cleaning
Damage by
unknown
subjects
Trouble
shooting
Exchange
Damage by
known
subjects
Replacing
Lamp
exchange
Operation
Energy
Investment
Management
Task sections
Inspection
Maintenance
Repair
Improvement
Economical
tasks
Maintenance
Planning,
Project design
Operational
control
Documentation

IT
Extraordinary
measures
Construction
Construction
controll
System-
optimizing
Billing
Budget-
planning

Pursuit of
requirementt
for damages


Material
afministratio,
Disposal

Basic
planning
Basic
projects
Quality
control
Consultancy
for officials
Extraordinary
projects
Lighting
control
Disturbanc
e service
Maintenance
control
Reserve
supply
Operation
diary
Inventory
Plan collection
Damages
Temporary
measures
Extraordinyry
lighting
Modification Reconstruction Renovation
New
Construction
Protection
against
corrosion
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Task survey

28
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Sections
Energy
Investment
Operation Management
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Task sections

29
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Task section management

30
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Task section investment

31
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Task section operation

32
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Long term projectable services
i.e. maintenance, inspection, renovation, economical tasks,
operational control, documentation
In part projectable services
i.e. repair, projecting, constructing, system optimizing
Not projectable services
i.e. trouble shooting, pursuit of requirements for damages,
special lighting plants, temporary plants
Quelle: VDN
Streetlighting services: Cost planning

33
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Long term projectable services
lump-sum for a year
In part projectable services
time and effort, description of services,
payment for services
Not projectable services
lump-sum for individual casses,
lump-sum for individual actions
time and effort
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Pricing

34
STREETLIGHTING
MAIN ASPECTS OF PROJECTING, BUILDING AND OPERATION
TEHRAN 2008 - 02
OPERATION
DIPL.-ING. W. PRAHL 2008 - 01 - 10 PRAHL LICHTTECHNIK GMBH TRAINING - CONSULTING - EXPERTISE - PLANNING
PL
Sustainable value of the lighting plant
Fixed quality of construction and operation
No need for special qualified personnel
Minimum of effort for control and coordination
No storage of material and spare parts
Use of the service departments of the energy supplier
High operational security
Consequent observation of energy consumption
Optimizing of concept for plant and operation
Cost stability
Flexibility for customer demands
Source: VDN
Streetlighting services: Advantages for the customer