Epanaliptiko G Lykeiou Kat

*** .

1.1
),,,R,+i=+i+i=0;
) ii2003;
) z=+i;-
.
) ;
) C z2+z+=0;
z2+2z+2=0;
) z=+i ;

z=68i;
) z, z, z, z
;
) .
) z = , z ;
) zw;
) z z 0 = z z1 = z z 2 , >0
z1z2;
) z1 z 2 ;
) z z1 + z z 2 = 2, >0 0 < z1 z2 < ;
1.2
),,,R,:
+i=+i
+i=0
9
) z=+i,R, :
i2=i4+=,=0,1,2,3
z = z =
) z,wC.:
z
z w = , zw = , = ( z ) =
w
zw = ,
z =
z
= , z = , z = z =
w
) z = , z =
) z z 0 = , >0,
z0R=
) z z1 = z z 2 , z1z2,

12,12
z1z2.
) z + 2 5i = 3 ,-
R=
) z + 2 i = z 6 + 3i :

) z24z+8=0:
z1=z2=
) zw:
1.3
) z =
5 + 10i
, :
2+i
10
.z=97i
. z=4+3i
.z=76i
. z=35i
. z=6+8i
.2
. 0
) =i1821+i2003:
.i
. 2i
. -1
) =(1+i)2004(1i)2004:
.1
. i
. 0
) z = 3, z :
3
2
1
. . .
z
z
z
.-i
. -1
.
9

z
.
. z = z 2
.
9

z
) :
2
. z = zz
. z = 2 z =
. z = z
4

z
. z w z + w
) z + 2 + 5i = 7 :
.
.
.
.
) z, z 5i = 2 -
:
.z=7i
. z=3i
. z=5+2i
.z=25i
. z=-1
.z=i
. z=2i
) 2z 1 = z 2 , :
. z = 4
. z.
. z=1
) z 1 i = z + 3 5i :
.x+y+2=0
. 2xy+3=0
.2x+y4=0
. xy+4=0
. xy+3=0
11
) z + 3 7i = 5 :
.(x3)2+(y+7)2=25
.
x2 y2
= 1
7
3
. 3x7y5=0
.
x2 y2
+
= 1
3
7
. (x+3)2+(y7)2=25
1.4
),C2+2=0,==0.

) , C +i=0, =0 =0.

) w =
z 2 2iz + 1
z 2 + 2iz + 1
=
,
w
.

z2 + 3
z2 + 3
) z = z, z R, z = z, z-
.
) z2+9=0C.

) zz zC.

) z=+i,,C, z = 2 + 2 .

) z = z = z = z zC.

2
.
z

) z = z i z = z N*.

) z = , z =

) z = z 2 , z, z = z 2 , -

z.

) z + w = z + w .

) z + z0 = , (>0)
z z1 = z z2 , (z1z2).
12

-
. ) z=+iC,,R,:
z = i
z + z = 2 = 2Re(z) z z = 2i = 2Im(z)i
( z ) = ( z )
z z = z
z, z = z
.
) z=+i,,R,:
2
z = 2 + 2 z = zz
z w = z w
z = z , Z*(z0)
z
z
=
, w0
w
w
) :
z = >0, z =
2

z
:
2
z = z = 2 z z = 2 z =
2

z
13
. ) z w -
zw.
:
z w = d ( A(z), B(w) ) = AB
) >0, z z 0 =
0z0.
,z0=x0+y0i,
:
(C):(xx0)2+(yy0)2=2
) z z1 = z z 2 , z1z2,12,12z1z2.
) z z1 + z z 2 = , >0 z1 z 2 < ,
12z1z2.
2.1 z,:
C:x2+y2=4
:
4
) z = ,
z
) w = z +
4i
:
z
C1:x2+y2=8

)C:x2+y2=4, z = 2,
(0,0)=2.:
2
z = 2 z = 4 zz = 4 z =
14
4
z
(1)
) w=x+yiz=+i.:
(1)
z ==
4
1 z
=
z
z 4
w = z +
(2)
4i
z
1 (2)
= z + 4i == z + 4i = z + iz = + i + i( + i) = + ( + )i
z
4
z
:
w=+(+)ix+yi=+(+)i
x+y
= 2
= x

+ = y
= y x
(3)
z=+iC:x2+y2=4,:
2
(3)
x+y yx
2 + 2 = 4
+
=4
2 2
(x2+y2+2xy)+(y2+x22xy)=16
2(x2+y2)=16x2+y2=8

w=x+yiz=+i:
w=z+
4i
1 (2)
= z + 4i == z + iz = (1 + i)z
z
z
:
w

1+ i
z =
z = 2
w
w
=2
= 2 w = 2 1+1 w = 2 2
1+ i
1+ i
,w
R = 2 2, :
C1:x2+y2=8
15

().
z=+iw=x+yi.:
2
z = 2 z = 4
w = z +

:
4i
4iz
4iz
4i( + i)
=z+
= z + 2 = ( + i) +
=
z
zz
4
z
=(+i)+i(+i)=()+(+)i
x+y
x
=
2
()
x
y = +
=
2
2
2

+ =4, z=+i x2+y2=4.
,():
2
x+y yx
2
2
2
2
2 + 2 = 4 x + 2xy + y + y 2yx + x = 16
x2+y2=8

zww=f(z).
zw.
. z,w
,:
z=x+yi.
w=f(z)+i,w=+i,R.
=0, w =0,
w.
=0=0.
z,-
.
16
. zC1
C2,w,:
z=+iw=x+yi.
:
x = A(, )
x + yi = A(, ) + B(, )i
y = B(, )
()
C1(),
xy.C2.

, w=f (z) z, z=f-1(w).
:
z=f1(w)+i=(x,y)+B(x,y)i
= A(x, y)

= B(x, y)
(1)
C1,
(1)
C2.
C2
wC1
z.w=+iz=x+yi,C1
xy.
2.2 z z = ( z )
4
.
) z = 0 z = 1.
) z0, z =
1
.
z
) z0,z6=1.
17
) z z 4 = z 2 .
) z,z0;

) z 4 = z 2. z = z ,
:
z4 = z 2 z 4 = z 2 z 2 z 2 1 = 0
(z =0
z 2= 1
(z =0
z = 1)
) z0 z 0, z = 1. :
z 2 = 1 zz = 1 z =
) z =
1

z
1
:
z
z4 = z 2 z4 =
1
z6 = 1
2
z
) z = 0 z = 1. :
z = 0 z = 0,
z = 1, :
z6=1(z3)21=0(z31)(z3+1)=0
(z1)(z2+z+1)(z+1)(z2z+1)=0
(z=1z=-1z2+z+1=0z2z+1=0)
=14=-3<0,-
:
z 2 + z + 1 = 0 z =
1 i 3

2
z 2 z + 1 = 0 z =
1 i 3

2
18
,z, z 4 = z 2 :
0, 1, 1,
1 i 3 1 + i 3 1 + i 3
1 i 3
,
,

2
2
2
2
) z0 z = 1, -
,:
x2+y2=1

zC.
. C-
z,

.
zAz
.
. C
z,-
(C) -
(C)()-
zA.zA-
.-
(),
d=d(O,C):
d=
C:Ax+By+=0.
A 2 + B2
19
. zw-
(,R)
(,),
z w
:
.
,,.
:
zBz
z w .
zAz
z w .
. (z)C(w)
(),
z w
()(),
C ()
().
C
,.
2.3 w = z + 2i , z=x+yix,yR .

z +2
) w +i, ,R .

) z,wR .
) z,w-
.
) z,Re(w)=Im(w).
20
) zx2+y2=4,
wy=x.

).w,
:
z + 2 0 x yi + 2 0 (x 2 y 0)
(x,y)(-2,0).
:
w=
z + 2i x yi + 2i x (y 2)i [x (y 2)i][(x + 2) + yi]

=
=
=
=
z + 2 x yi + 2 (x + 2) yi
(x + 2)2 + y 2
=
x(x + 2) + y(y 2) xy (x + 2)(y 2)

+
i =
(x + 2)2 + y 2
(x + 2)2 + y 2
x 2 + y 2 + 2x 2y 2x 2y + 4
+

(x + 2)2 + y 2
(x + 2)2 + y 2
w=+i,:
=
x 2 + y 2 + 2x 2y
2x 2y + 4
=

2
2
(x + 2) + y
(x + 2)2 + y 2
) w,Im(w)=0.
:
w
2x 2y + 4
=0 xy+2=0
(x + 2)2 + y 2
(1)
(-2,0).-
(1)., :x-y+2=0,
(-2,0).
) w,:
Re(w) = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2x 2y
= 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2x 2y = 0
(x + 2)2 + y 2
(2)
21
(2)(-2,0),-
.,C:x2+y2+2x2y=0,-
(x+1)2+(y1)2=2,(-2,0).
C(-1,1) = 2.
) Re(w)=Im(w)=.
:
=x2+y2+2x2y=2x2y+4x2+y2=4
C:x2+y2=4.
) z x2+y2=4, z = 2.
:
w=
z + 2i
wz + 2w = z + 2i (w 1)z = 2i 2w
z +2
(3)
w=1, z + 2i = z + 2 2i = 2, .
w1,(3):
z=
2i 2w
w 1
(4)
:
(4)
z = 2 z = 2
2i 2w
2
2
= 2 w i = w 1 w i = w 1
w 1
(w i)(w + i) = (w 1)(w 1)
ww + wi wi + 1 = ww w w + 1
(w w)i = (w + w)
(5)
w=x+yi,:
w w = 2yi w + w = 2x
,(5):
2yi2=-2xy=x
,wy=x.
22

. ) i,N*;
) :
z2+z+=0,0
) z=+i,,R,;
[ 3]
. ) z1 z 2 , z1,z2C;
) .
) z z 0 = z z1 = z z 2 , >0
z0,z1,z2C, z1z2;
[ 4]
. z1z 2 = z1 z 2 z1,z2C.

[ 8]
. ()-
().
),C2+2=0,==0.

) z=+i,,C, z = 2 + 2 .

) z = 1, z=1z=-1.

) z = , >0, z =
2
.
z

) z = z 2 zC.
23
( )
) z = z z = z .

) =4+,,N*,i=i.

) z = z 2 z.

) :
i) z = z, z,

ii) z = z, z.

) z = z , ,,
z z1 = R, R>0.

[ 10]

zw:
w=
) w =
z 2004 + (z)2004 + 2002

z 2004 + (z)2004 + 2002
1
.
w
[ 13]
) ,w,z-
C.
[ 12]

,:
=x+ix,=y+iy,=+i

x+y+=x+y+=0
:
1
1
1
) = , = , =
[ 8]
24
) ++=0
[ 9]
2
) + + =0

[ 8]

zw:
z, w 0, w 2 = z z 2 = w
.:
) z = w = 1
[ 5]
) z =
1
1
w =
z
w
[ 4]
) w=- z
[ 4]
3
) w =-1z =1
[ 4]
. ) zw.
[ 4]
) z:
z2004=1
[ 4]
25

3.1
)fg;
f
) ;
g
) gffg;
;
) f:AR ,,

;
) f:ARx0;
)f:AR11;
) f-1 f:AR;
f-1;f-1;
) ;
3.2
)(,)Cff,
) fg,
x
) f:AR.f:
f(A)=
26
) g f =

gf
) f:AR,:
x1<x2
)f:ARf(x)f(x0)x0,

f(x0)f.-
-
) f:AR f (x1)=f (x2)x1=x2 , f

) f-1f.
f-1f.:
f(x)=yx=
)
3.3
)f:AR,f(A):
.{xA/y=f(x)}
. {xR/f(x)=y) . {yR/y=f(x),x}
.{yR/f(y)0}
. {xR/f(x)>0}
) -
:
. f(x)=x3
. f(x)=ex
. f(x)=x
.f(x)=lnx
. f (x) = ln x
) x,y>00<1.:
x
. log = logx logy . logx=logx . x=exln
y
.log1=ln1=0log10=lne=1 . logxlogy=logxy
27
) fg:
.{xDf/f(x)Dg}
. {xDg/g(x)Df}
.{xDg/f(x)g(x)}
. {xDg/g(x)<f(x)}
. {xDf/f(x)Dg}
) f:AR.:
.x1x2f(x1)f(x2)x1,x2,f11.
. f(x)f(x0)x,f.
. y=f(x),f11.
.(ff-1)(x)=xx,f11.
. f11,f-1:f(A)R:
f(x)=yx=f-1(y)
3.4
)f:AR,-

x=Cff(x)
.

) f:AR11,f(x)=0
.
f(x)=,R.

) 11, -

..

) f,-
.

) f:AR,(ff-1)(x)=x
xf(A)(f-1f)(x)=xx.

) f -1(x)=x f (x)=x ,

f:AR1-1.

) f:AR11,
//xx,Cf.
) f,g:RR,fg=gf.
28

-
. ) f:AR ,.x.
) (,) Cff,f()=.:
(,)Cff()=
. f:AR.
)f(x)=0
Cfxx.
) f11,:
x1,x2x1x2f(x1)f(x2),
x1,x2f(x1)=f(x2)x1=x2,
f(x)=y.
) f11,
,:
f()=f()
) f11,f(x)=.
f(),f,f(x)=
().
29
) f11,Cf:y= R.f(),Cf
.
. f:AR.
)f,f11.:
f(x)=yx=f-1(y)
) f11,:
(ff-1)(x)=xxf()
(f-1f)(x)=xx
f-1f
11.
) f11,:
Cf Cf 1 y=x,
f-1(x)=xf(x)=x.
4.1 f:RR:
f(xy)=f(x)f(y)f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+2xy
x,yR
:
) f(0)=0,f(1)=1f(-1)=1,
) f,
) ff(x)=x2xR.

):
f(xy)=f(x)f(y)(1)

f (x+y)=f (x)+f(y)+2xy(2)
30
(2)y=0:
f(x)=f(x)+f(0)f(0)=0
x=y=1,(1):
f(1)=f(1)f(1)f(1)=0f(1)=1
f(1)=0,(1)y=1:
f(x)=f(x)f(1)=0
xR,,f.f(1)=1.
(2)x=1y=-1:
f(0)=f(1)+f(-1)20=1+f(-1)2f(-1)=1
) :
(1)
f ( x) = f ( x(1) ) == f (x)f (1) = f (x) 1 = f (x)

xR.f.
) y=-x,(2):
()
f (0) = f (x) + f ( x) 2x 2 0 = f (x) + f (x) 2x 2
2f(x)=2x2f(x)=x2,xR
f(x)=x2
.

:
f(x)g(x)=0,x(1)
(1)f(x)=0xg(x)=0x.
fgf(x)g(x)=0x.
31
,:
x 2 , x < 1
0, x < 1

f (x) =
g(x) = 3
x , x 1
0, x 1
f(x)g(x)=0xR,f
g.
(1),
.

(1)fg
.
(1)(f(x)=0,xR)(g(x)=0,xR)
fg=R.
4.2 f:RR :

f2(x)f(1x)=2x2xR
:
1
) f(1 - x) f(x) = xR,
2
) f(x)=2x1,xR.

):
f2(x)f(1x)=2x-2(1)
(1)x1x:
f2(1x)f(x)=2-x-1(2)
(1)(2):
f 3 (x) f 3 (1 x) = 2 x 2 2 x 1 [ f (x)f (1 x)] = 2 3 f (x)f (1 x) =

3
32
1

2
:
3
2 3 = 3 (2 1 )3 = 2 1 =
1

2
:
f (x)f (1 x) =
1
2
(3)
) :
(3)
f 2 (x)f (1 x) = 2 x 2 f (x) [ f (x)f (1 x) ] = 2 x 2
f (x)
1
= 2 x 2 f (x) = 2 x 1
2
f(x)=2x-1.
4.3 f:RR :

(ff)(x)=2-xxR
:
) f(1)=1,
) f,
) fR,
) f-1(x)=2f(x),xR.

.
):
f(f(x))=2xxR(1)
(1)x=1:
f(f(1))=1(2)
(1)xf(1),:
(2)
f f ( f (1) ) = 2 f (1) f (1) = 2 f (1) 2f (1) = 2 f (1) = 1

=1
33
) f11.x1,x2Rf(x1)=f(x2).:
f(f(x1))=f(f(x2))2x1=2x2x1=x2
f11,f-1.

:
f : 11
f () = f ( f () ) = f () 2 = f () = 2 f () = f (2 )
(1)xf(x):
(1)
f ( f (f (x)) ) = 2 f (x) f (2 x) = 2 f (x)

x=f(2)=2f().
) fR,
RDf=R,f()=.
f(f())=2f()=,:
=f(2)
:
(1)
f () = f ( f (2 ) ) == 2 (2 ) =
ff(R)=R.
) (ff)(x)=2xxf-1(x):
f(f(f-1(x)))=2f-1(x)f(x)=2f-1(x)
f-1(x)=2f(x)(3)
f(x)R,(3)xR.

34

. ) f:AR.-
f;
) fg;
) fgDfDg-
fg,fg;
[ 7]
. f:AR.
)f;
) f;
) f11;
) ff-1;
[ 8]
. ()-
().
)(,)-
f,f()=.

) R -
x=.

) f:AR, f :

{yR/y=f(x)x}

) gf,,
{xDf/f(x)Dg}.

35
) gf=fg.

) f:AR ,

f(x)=0.

) f:AR :

f()=f()=
,,f11.

) f:A -

f11.f-1
f():

y=f(x)x=f-1(y)x
-1

-1

(f f )(x)=x x f ()

(f f )(x)=x x

) f1
2,12.

) f:AR 11, f (x)=x

f-1(x)=x.
)f11,.

)f:AR11,y=f(x)
yf().

[ 10]

f:RR:
f(x)f(y)+1=f(x)+f(y)+xyx,yR
)f(1).
[ 8]

) f (x) .

[ 17]

f:RRR
(1,5)(3,2).
36
)f(x).
[ 5]
-1
) f .
[ 10]
) :
f-1(3+f(x2+x3))<1
[ 10]

f:RR:
f ( x + f (x + y) ) = f (2x) + y x, y
)f(0)=0.
[ 6]

) f .
[ 6]
) fR.
[ 7]
) f (x).
[ 6]
37

5.1
) lim f (x) lim f (x) lim+ f (x) ;
x x0
x x0
x x0
) lim f (x) > 0 lim f (x) < 0 ;

x x0
x x0
) :
lim [f (x) + g(x)] = lim f (x) + lim g(x)
x x0
x x0
x x0
) lim f (x).

x x0
) x x . ;
x
x 1
lim
;
x
x
x
) fx0;
) lim
x 0
) Bolzano.
) .
) f,f(x)0
x;
)f(),f=(,);
.
5.2
)f(,x0)(x0,). lim f(x) ,
xx0
fx0,
38 -
lim f (x) = = =
x x0
) lim f (x) > 0, xx0.

x x0
) fgx0f(x)<g(x)x0,
) h(x)f(x)g(x)x0, lim f (x) -

x x0
) xR x
) lim f (x) = 0 f(x)>0x0, lim
x x0
x x0
1
=
f (x)
) f (x)=x+-1x-1++1x+0 , lim f (x) =

x +
lim f (x) =
x
) lim e x = , lim e x = , lim lnx = lim lnx =

x +
x 0
x +
) fx0,
,
) Bolzano,f
,x0

,,-
)f
f()f(),x0,
)f()-
f
)f[,]
m.f[,]
)f =(,), lim+ f (x) = A

x

lim f (x) = f,f()
x -
:
39
,f
,f
5.3
) lim f (x) = . :
x x0
. lim f (x 0 + h) =
. f(x)<0x0,<0
. =0, lim
h 0
. f(x)>0x0,>0
. lim f (x) =
x x0
1
= +
x x 0 f (x)
) :
x
= 1
x
. lim
. lim [f (x) + g(x)] = lim f (x) + lim g(x)
x 0
x x0
x x0
x x0
. x x xR
. lim f ( g(x) ) = lim f (u), u 0 = lim g(x) g(x)u0x0
. fx0, lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ), 0
x x0
x x0
u u0
h 0
) lim x = 0 :
x +
.>0
. >1
. 0<<1
.=e
. 1
) f [,].

Bolzano:
.f(,)f()f()>0
. f[,]x0(,)f(x0)=0
. f()f()<0f[,]
.f[,]f()=f()
.
40 -
) f.-
:
.f,f(x)0x.
. f,f(x)=0.

. f=(,),f()=(,),
A = lim+ f(x) B = lim- f (x).
.f,.
. f().
5.4
) lim f (x) = lim f (x) = .

) lim [f (x)g(x)] = lim f (x) lim g(x).

x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
) R lim f (x) lim [f (x) + g(x)], -

x x0

) lim g(x) = u 0 lim f (u) = 1, lim f ( g(x) ) = 1.

lim g(x).

x x0
x x0
x x0
u u0
x x0
x
= 1 lim e x = .
x
x
1
) lim f (x) = 0, lim
= + .
x x0
x x 0 f (x)
) lim
x +

) lim f (x) = + , lim
x
= 0.
f (x)

) lim x = +, >1.

) lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ), fx0.

x x0
x x0
x +
h 0
) f[,]f(x0)=0x0(,),
f()f()<0.

)f,
f.

41
)f:AR
m,f()=[m,].

)f=[,], lim+ f (x) = A

x

lim f (x) = B, f ()=[,].
x -

) f:RQ, Q

.
42 -

-
. f:ARx0A.
)fx0, lim f (x) = f (x 0 ).
x x0
) fx0,x0,:
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x 0
x x0
) ,fx0,
:
lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ) lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ), 0
h 0
h 0
lim f (x 0 h) = f (x 0 ), x 0 0
h 1
. f:ARx0.f
f(x0),:
lim f (x)
x x0
f (x 0 ) = lim f (x).
x x0
6.1 f:RR:
x2f(x)=14xxR
1 - 4x
.
x0
x2
) A = lim
) f(x).
43

):
2
1 4x
2 2 2x
2x
=
lim
= 2 lim
=
2
2
x 0
x
0
x
0
x
x
x
A = lim
2x
2x
= 2 lim 2
= 8lim
=8
x 0
x
0
2x
2x
DeLHospital:
0
0
44x
4x 0
= 2 lim
== 2 lim(44x) = 8
A == lim
x 0
x0
x 0
2x
x
) x0 f (x) =
()
1 4x
. x=0 f (0) = lim f (x) == 8. :
2
x
0
1 4x
, x0
f (x) =

x2
8,
x=0
6.2 f:RR:
f(x)f(y)=2f(x+y)x,yR
) f(0)=0,f.
) f,f(0).
) R,f()=0,f(x)=0xR.
) f(0)=2,f(x)>0xR.
) fx=f()0.:
i) fx0=0,
ii) fR.

):
f(x)f(y)=2f(x+y)(1)
x,yR.
44 -
f(0)=0,(1)y=0:
f(x)f(0)=2f(x+0)2f(x)=0f(x)=0
xR.f.
) (1)x=y=0:
f2(0)=2f(0)f(0)[f(0)2]=0f(0)=0f(0)=2
, f (0)=0, ()f,.
f(0)=2.
) f()=0.xR.:
(1)
2f (x) = 2f[(x ) + ] == f (x )f () = 0
2f(x)=0f(x)=0xR.
) (1)xy
x
:
2
x x
x x
x
f f = 2f + 2f (x) = f 2 0
2 2
2 2
2
:
f(x)0(2)
(),, f ()=0, f (x)=0
xR,,f(0)=2.f(x)0xR,(2)
:
f(x)>0xR
) i) fx=,:
(1)
lim f ( + h) = f ()
h 0
1
lim [ f ()f (h)] = f ()
2 h 0
f () 0
f () lim f (h) = 2f () lim f (h) = 2

h 0
h 0
lim f (h) = f (0)

h 0
(3)
f0. f (0)=0,

f(x)=0xR.f()0,f(0)=2.
45
ii) R.fx=,-
:
lim f ( + h) = f ()
h 0
(4)
:
(1)
(3)
1
1
lim f ( + h) == lim f ()f (h) = f () lim f (h) ==
h 0
h0 2
h 0
1
1
f ()f (0) = f () 2 = f ()
2
2
,fR.
6.3 f:RR:
f2(x)+2f(x)+2x0xR
fx0=0.

:
f2(x)+2f(x)+2x0
f2(x)+2f(x)+112x[f(x)+1]22x
0 [ f (x) + 1] 2 x 0 f (x) + 1 x
2
x f (x) + 1 x 1 x f (x) 1 + x
:
lim ( 1 x ) = 1 lim ( 1 + x ) = 1
x 0
x 0
lim f (x) = 1.

x 0
x=0 :

f2(0)+2f(0)+10[f(0)+1]20f(0)=-1
[f(0)+1]20.
46 -
:
lim f (x) = 1 = f (0)

x 0
f x0=0.
6.4 f:RR:
f3(x)+3f2(x)f(-x)=-2x3xR
.:
) f,
. ) A = lim
x1
x-2
( f(x) - 1 )
) f(x)=x.
.
2x
.
x + f 2 (x)
) B = lim

.):
f3(x)+3f2(x)f(-x)=-2x3(1)
(1)xx:
f3(-x)+3f2(-x)f(x)=2x3(2)
(1)(2):
f3(x)+3f2(x)f(-x)+f3(-x)+3f2(-x)f(x)=0[f(x)+f(-x)]3=0
f(x)+f(-x)=0f(-x)=-f(x)
xR.f.
) f(-x)=-f(x),(1):
f3(x)+3f2(x)(-f(x))=-2x3-2f3(x)=-2x3f3(x)=x3f(x)=x
xR.
B. ):
A = lim
x 1
x2
( f (x) 1)
= lim
x 1
x2
1
= lim
(x 2) =
2
2
x
1
(x 1)
(x 1)
47
:
lim
x 1
1
= + lim(x 2) = 1 < 0
x 1
(x 1)2
) f(x)=x,:
B = lim
x +
2x

x2
2x 1, :
2x
1
1 2x 1
2 2
2
2
x
x
x
x2
x
:
lim
x +
1
1
= 0 = lim 2
2
x
+
x
x
:
2x
=0 B=0
x +
x2
lim

. x0 (,) f,g(x),x[,],
Bolzano.g
x0:
,
xx0,
g(x).
g,,.
. x0[,],,:
,,g,
g()g()0,
48 -
:
i) g()g()=0,()x0=x0=,
ii) g()g()<0,Bolzano.
. ,,
:
,x,.
. ()
.m
f [m,M], x0 ,f(x0)=.[,],
x0[,].

f [f (x)][f (x)]=0 x ,
f(x)f(x)=f(x)=,f,:
xf(x)=f(x)=,
,f()=f()=,f
,!
6.5 f:R(-,1)g:R(1,+)f()=

g()=,,>0.
(,),f()g()=.

f ()g()= ( =x),:

h(x)=f(x)g(x)x,x[,]
=f()<1,f(x)(-,1),=g()>1,g(x)(1,+)
xR.<.
49
h(x)=f(x)g(x)-x[,].
(f(x)g(x)f(x)g(x)x,
.)
:
h()=f()g()=g()=[g()1]>0
>0g()>1.
h()=f()g()=f()=[f()1]<0
>0f()<1.
h()h()<0.Bolzano,(,)
,:
h()=0f()g()=0f()g()=
6.6 f:[0,1]Rf(0)=f(1).-

:
1
g(x) = f(x) - f x +
3
) g(x).
) g(x)=0[0,1).

):
x [0,1]
0 x 1
0 x 1

1
1 1
2 x 0,
3
x + 3 [0,1]
0 x + 3 1
3 x 3
2
g(x) A = 0, .
3
) g(x)=0[0,1).g(x)0
x.g,.
:
1
g(0) = f (0) f ,
3
50 -
1
1 2
g = f f
3
3 3
2
2
g = f f (1)
3
3
:
1
2
g(0) + g + g = f (0) f (1) = 0
3

3
1
2
, g(0), g g .
3
3
,g(x)=0[0,1).

. f:AR,,,:
g2(x)=h(x)
g(x),
f(x),h(x).g,
,.g2(x)=h(x)
:
g(x) = h(x), x A g(x) = h(x), x A
h(x) x=,

:
g(x) = h(x), x A g(x) = h(x), x A
h(x) , x <
h(x) , x <
g(x) =
, x A g(x) =
, xA
h(x) , x
h(x) , x
. ,:
f.
f(x)=0,()Df
.
51
x0f(x0).
f (x)
f(x0).
6.7 f:RR:
[f(x)x][f(x)+x]=2f(x)x
xR .

:
[f(x)x][f(x)+x]=2f(x)x:
f2(x)2x=2f(x)xf2(x)2f(x)x=2x
f2(x)2f(x)x+2x=2x+2x
[f(x)x]2=1
g(x)=f(x)x:
g2(x)=1(1)
(1)g(x)0g(-
),()R.
:
g 2 (x) = 1 ( g(x) = 1 x g(x) = 1 x )

(f(x)x=1f(x)x=-1)
(f(x)=x+1f(x)=x1)
,:
f(x)=x+1f(x)=x1

g,,,g2(x)=1
:
1, x < 0

g(x) =
1, x 0
52 -
-
f,-
=(,).f():
f.
f.
A = lim+ f (x) B = lim- f (x). :
x
(A, B), f

f () =
(, ), f

),
f().
) =+ =- , f ()=R, -
f.f.
) f:AR=12,f:
f()=f(1)f(2)f()
1 ,2 ,, -
f.

6.8 lim f
x
(x) = 0, lim f(x) = 0, N*.

x

lim f (x) = 0, :
x
lim f (x) = 0 lim f (x) = 0

x
lim f (x) = 0 lim f (x) = 0

x
(1)
53
:
f (x) f (x) f (x)
(2)
(2)(1),,:
lim f (x) = 0
x
6.9 f:RR :

f(2)+f(5)<7<f(3)+f(4)
, R +=7 f()+f()=7.

:
=7f ()+f ()=7f ()+f (7)7=0
:
g(x)=f (x)+f (7x)7,x R
gR, [2,3].
:
g(2)=f (2)+f (5)7<0, :
f (2)+f (5)<7
g(3)=f (3)+f (4)7>0, :
f (3)+f (4)>7
g(2)g(3)<0. Bolzano, (2,3),
:
g()=0f ()+f (7)7=0f ()+f (7)=7
7=, :
+=7
f ()+f ()=7
.
54 -

. ) f:AR x0 -
;
[ 2]
) Bolzano.
[ 2]
) .
[ 2]
. :
i) f=(,).
ii) lim+ f (x) = A lim- f (x) = B.
x
iii)f(,).
iv)f.
) ,
.
[ 2]
) (),-
(iv):f;
[ 2]
. f, [,], f()f()
f()f().-
x0(,),f(x0)=.
[ 9]
55
.()().
) lim f (x) = , lim f (x 0 + h) = .

) fx00, lim f (x 0 h) = f (x 0 ).

x x0
h 0
h 1
) lim f (x) > 0, f (x)>0 x

x x0
.

) f:AR (,x0) (x0,) ,

lim f (x) lim f(x) lim+ f(x)
x x0
xx0
.

) f (x)g(x) xx0, lim f (x) lim g(x).

) lim [f (x) + g(x)] = lim f (x) + lim g(x).

xx0
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
1
= + .
x x 0 f (x)
) lim f (x) = 0, lim

x x0
x x0

x
x 1
= 1 lim
= 0.
x 0 x
x 0
x
) f,f
) lim
.

) x-
,
.

)f =(,), lim+ f (x) = A

x

lim f (x) = B, f ()=(,).

) lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ), fx0.

x -
h 0
[ 6]

f(x)=x4(34)x3+3(3)x23(2)x+2-3,
R.:
56 -
)Cf
R.
[ 12]
) (34)x33(3)x2+3(2)x=x42+3-
(1,2).
[ 13]

f:RR:
f2(x)+2xx2xf(x)+2xxR
):
i) f(0)
ii) lim f (x)
[ 6]
x 0
[ 13]
) fx0=0.
[ 6]

f:RR(ff)(x)=2xxR.
) f 11.
[ 4]

) f (1)=1.
[ 4]

) f (x x)=f (x+3).

[ 4]
-1
) f R.
[ 5]
) f,f
-1
lim f 1 (x).
x 1
[ 5]
) f .
[ 3]
57

7.1
)fx0;f
x0;
) f(x0).
) fx0,Cf
(x0,f(x0));
) x0;
) f(x)g(x)
f (x)
.
g(x)
)y=f(x),yxx0;
fx0.
7.2
)fx0,f(x0)=
f(x0)=f(x0)=,
x00.
) fx0,fx0

Cf (x0 ,f (x0))

) fx0,
.
) :
(c)=,
(x)=,
58
(x)=,
N{0,1}
x )= ,
(x)=,
(x)=,
(x)=,
(x)=,
( ln x ) =
( log x ) =
(ex)=,
(x)=,
) :
[f(x)+g(x)]=,
[f(x)]=(R),
[f(x)g(x)]=
f (x)
=
g(x)
):
[f(g(x))]=,
[f(x)]=
(ef(x))= (f(x))=
7.3
):
f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )

h
. f (x 0 ) = lim
. f (x 0 ) =
g(x)
g(x)
. [ f (x) ] = [ f (x) ] [ g(x)lnf (x) ], f (x) > 0
1
f (x)
, f (x) 0
.
= 2
f
(x)
f (x)
. ( ln f (x) ) =
h 0
f (x 0 h) f (x 0 )
1
lim
, x0 0
h
1
x0
h 1
1
f (x), f (x) 0
f (x)
) CfCg
(,),:
.f()=g()
. f()=g()
.f()=g()
. f()=g()
. f()=g()
59
) :
.fx0,x0.
. f(-x)=g(x),f(-x)=-g(x).
. (x)=x-1,Rx(0,+).
.
. [f(g(x))]=f-1(g(x))g(x).
dz dz dy dx
=
.
dt dy dx dt
) f(x)=xx:
.xxx-1
. xx
.xxlnx
.
. xx(1+lnx)
7.4
)
.

()

()
1. ef(x)
2. f (x)
3. g(f(x))
4. f(x)

. ef(x)
. -f(x)
. g(f(x))
. -f(x)f(x)
. g( f (x) ) f (x)
. ef(x)f(x)
. f(x)f(x)
:

1
2
3
4

60
)
.

. f(x)g(x)
f (x)
1.

g(x)
2. (f(x)g(x))
3. ln f (x)
.
f (x)

f (x)
. f(x)g(x)f(x)g(x)
.
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)

g 2 (x)
.
1

f (x)
.g(x)f(x)+f(x)g(x)

:

1
2
3

61

8.1 f:RR xf(x) -
3x x 4 xR .
f,:
) f(0)=0,
) fx0=0f(0)=9.

),-
.:
xf (x) 2 3x x 4 x 4 xf (x) 2 3x x 4
23xx4xf(x)23x+x4(1)
x>0(1):
2 3x
2 3x
x 3 f (x)
+ x3
x
x
(2)
:
2 3x
3x
= lim+
3x = 3 0 = 0
x 0
x
0
x
x
(DeLHospital.)
lim+
:
2 3x
2 3x
lim+
x 3 = 0 = lim+
+ x3
x 0
x 0
x
(2) lim+ f ( x ) = 0 .
x 0
f0, lim f (x) = f (0). lim+ f (x) = f (0),

x 0
f (0)=0.
) :
f (x) f (0)
f (x)

= lim
x 0
x 0 x
x0
f (0) = lim
62
x 0
f(0) lim
x 0
(1)x2:
2 3x
f (x) 2 3x
2
+ x2
x
x2
x2
f (x)
. x0x2>0.
x
(3)
:
2
2 3x
3x
2
= lim
=3 = 9
x 0
x 0
x
x2
lim
f (x)
= 9.
x 0 x
(3) lim
f(0)=9.

.fx0.
,()C f
A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) :
=f(x0)
():yf(x0)=f(x0)(xx0)
()
xx,:
==f(x0)
. fg
x0(x0,y0)
()
:
f(x0)=g(x0)(1)
f(x0)=g(x0)(2)
(1)(x0,y0)CfCg.
(2)CfCg
x0.
63
. CfCg,
,
x1x2,:
yf(x1)=f(x1)(xx1)

yg(x2)=g(x2)(xx2)
,
:
f(x1)=g(x2)f(x1)x1f(x1)=g(x2)x2g(x2)
,Cf
Cg:
f (x1 ) = g(x 2 ) =
g(x 2 ) f (x1 )

x 2 x1
.Cf
(,):
(x0,y0).
()Cf:
():yf(x0)=f(x0)(xx0)
()(,)f(x0)=f(x0)(-x0).
x0,.
8.2 CfCgf(x)=lnx+x+2
g(x)=x3x+3.
) .
) CfCg.

) (,) CfCg.=f()=g(),

:
f()=g()(1)>0
CfCg,:
f()=g()(2)
64
(1):
ln++2=3+3(3)
:
f (x) = (lnx + x + 2)=
1
+1
x
g(x)=(x3x+3)=3x2-1
(2):
1
+ 1 = 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 = 0 ( 1)(3 2 + 3 + 1) = 0 = 1
32+3+10R(<0).
=1(3),(1,3).
) Cf(1,3):
yf(1)=f(1)(x1)y3=2(x1)y=2x+1
f(1)=3f(1)=2.
8.3 f:RR:
f(x)x2+xf(x1)+2xxR
) f.
) Cf,
(2,5).

).
:
f(x)x2+xf(x1)+2x(1)
(1):
f(x)x2+x(2)
x2+xf(x1)+2x,f(x1)x2x,x
x+1:
f(x)(x+1)2(x+1)f(x)x2+2x+1x1
f(x)x2+x(3)
65
(2)(3)f(x)=x2+x.-
(1).
) Cf(,f()),
(2,5).
:
:yf()=f()(x)y(2+)=(2+1)(x)(4)
:
f(x)=(x2+x)=2x+1,f()=2+1f()=2+
(4)(2,5),
:
5(2+)=(2+1)(2)52=422+2
24+3=0(=1=3)
=1(1,2),:
1:y2=3(x1)y=3x-1
=3 (3,12),:
2:y12=7(x3)y=7x9
66

. ) fx0
;
) fx0,fx0;-
Cf A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) ;
) fx0g-
f(x0),gfx0;
[ 6]
. ) fx0,f
x0.;
) (x)=-xxR.
[ 14]
. :
) c=,
x=
x ) =
) (x)=, (x)= (x)=

) (x)=, ( ln x ) =
(ex)=
) [f(x)g(x)]=
f (x)
=
g(x)
) (x)=[f(x)]=
[ 5]
67

:
x 2 + x 2,
x < 1
f (x) = 3

x + ( 1)x 1, x 1

(-1,-3).
)f.
[ 3]
) .
[ 10]
) A (1, f (1) ) .
[ 5]
) Cf:
():y=4x-3
[ 7]

f:RRx0=2:
lim
h0
f (2 + h) + 3h 1
= 7
h
)f(2).
[ 9]
) fx0=2.
[ 10]
) Cf A ( 2, f (2) ) .
[ 6]
68
1 2
x (,-2).
8
Cff. A ( , f () ) .
f (x) =
:
):
x22x16=0
[ 13]
) .
[ 12]

69

9.1
)Rolle.
)
.
) -
.
) .
)
;
9.2
)Rolle,f
,
,
,
) ...f-

,
,

Cf
) f,f

x.
70 ROLLE...-...
) fg
f (x)=g(x) x,-
c,
) f(x)=f(x)x
f,ff(x)=
9.3
)f [,] (,),
Cf(,)
:
.f()f()<0
. f()f()
.f()=f()
.
. f () =
f () f ()
) :
.f[,]
. f(,)
.f[,]
. f()=f()
. f()f()<0
. f () =
...:
.,,
f () f ()
. ,,
. ,,
.,,
. ,,
) f:RRf(x)=0xR{},:
.f
. f(-,)(,+)
c1 , x <
. f (x) = , x =
c , x >
2
. f
. f(x)=c,x
71
) f:RRx
x,:
.f(x)=0
. f(x)=c
.f(x)=cex
. f(x)=x
. f(x)=clnx
9.4
)f [,] f ()f ()=0,
(,),f()=0.

f (x + h) f (x)

h 0
h
x(,),(,),:
) f[,] lim

) f:AR f (x)=0 x , f (x)=c .

f()f()=f()()

) f (x)=lnx x0, f (x) = ln x + c.

) -
-
.

)fRCf
xx, f (x)=0 -
.

) f(x)0xR,f(x)=0
.
72 ROLLE...-...

.Rollef [,],
:
f[,].
f(,).
f()=f().

(,),f()=0.
:
i) Rollef
f.
ii) f(x)=0(,)RolleFf[,](
F(x)=f(x)).
. (...)f
[,],:
f[,].
f(,).

(,),:
f () f ()
Cf M ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) f () =
, A ( , f () ) B ( , f () ) .
73
. .

,:
...f
...ff.
[,]
[,][,]:
+

2
[,].
=
[,]-
[,],[,][,],:
=+

= + 2
3
3
[,],..
.
f ([, ]) f[,]

.
,[,]-
...

.
10.1 f:[,]R[,]-
(,),f()=2f()=2.:
) f(x)=2x(,),
) 1,2(,),:
f(1)f(2)=4
74 ROLLE......

):
g(x)=f(x)2x,x[,]
g[,]:
g()g()=[f()2][f()2]=(22)(22)=-4()2<0
Bolzanog(x)=0
(,).:
g()=0f()2=0f()=2(1)
f(x)=2x.
) [,][,]-
...:
1(,),:
f (1 ) =
f () f () (1) 2 2

==
2(,),:
f ( 2 ) =
f () f () (1) 2 2

==
:
f (1 )f ( 2 ) =
2( ) 2( )
=4

Rolle;

f(,)
, f (). ():
1
x.
75
2
.
3
h(x)=0,h(x)
f(x).
h(x)=f(x)(2-x2), h(x) =
f (x)
, h(x)=f(x)ex,..
2
x +1
4
h(x)Rolle[,],(,),h()=0.h()=0().
10.2 f:R R:

f(x+y)+f(x+2y)=2f(x)+3y
x,yR.CfCg, g(x) = 5 -
1
,
x
(1,),:
) f(x)=1xR,
) f.

):
f(x+y)+f(x+2y)=2f(x)+3y(1)
y,x:
f(x+y)(x+y)+f(x+2y)(x+2y)=3
f(x+y)+2f(x+2y)=3,x,yR
y=0:
f(x)+2f(x)=3f(x)=1
76 ROLLE......
) f(x)=1f(x)=x+c.CfCg(1,),
f(1)=g(1)=4.:
f(1)=41+c=4c=3
f(x)=x+3,xR.,
(1).

.f(x)=0:
Bolzano()

,.
Rolle(

)()Ff(F,
F(x)=f(x)).Bolzano
()Rolle.
. f(x)=0,
+1.,1<2<<<+1
,1(1,2),2(2,3),,(,+1),
:
f(1)=f(2)==f()=0
f , f (x)=0 (f(x)=0
,)., Rolle f [1 , 2], [2 , 3], , [-1 , ]
.
Rollef(-1)(x),
,f()()=0.
. ,,,+1.
77
10.3 f:R Rf(0)=2f(0)=1

f(x)f(x)+[f(x)]2=f(x)f(x),xR.:
) f(x)f (x) =
1 x
e xR
2
) f2(x)=ex,xR
x
) f(x) = e 2 , xR

)
f(x)f(x).
:
f(x)f(x)+[f(x)]2=f(x)f(x)[f(x)f(x)]=f(x)f(x)(1)
h(x)=f(x)f(x),xR,(1)h(x)=h(x).:
h(x)=cexf(x)f(x)=cex(2)
x=0:
f (0)f (0) = c 1
1
1
=c c=
2
2
1
f (x)f (x) = e x .
2
) :
1
f (x)f (x) = e x 2f (x)f (x) = ex
2
2
f (x) = ( e x ) f 2 (x) = e x + c
x=0:
f2(0)=1+c1=1+cc=0
f2(x)=ex,xR.
) f(x)0xR.
f()(
-!),.f(0)=1>0,
f(x)>0xR.
78 ROLLE......
:
x
f 2 (x) = e x f (x) = e x f (x) = e 2 , x

) .
) :;
(!)-
2002.
10.4 f:R Rf(x)=f(x)xR

f(0)=f(0)=1.
) g(x) =
f (x) + f(x)
R.
ex
) f(x)+f(x)=2ex,xR.
) f.

) g(x)=0 xR.:

f (x) + f (x) [ f (x) + f (x) ] e [ f (x) + f (x) ] e
g(x) =
=
=
ex
e2x
f (x) + f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x) f (x)

=
=0
ex
ex
f(x)=f(x).g(x)R.
=
) :
g(x) = c
f (x) + f (x)
= c f (x) + f (x) = ce x
ex
(1)
x=0(1):
f(0)+f(0)=c1+1=cc=2
x=0f(x)=f(x)f(0)=f(0)=1.:
f(x)+f(x)=2ex(2)
79
) .-
(2)ex:
f(x)ex+f(x)ex=2e2x[f(x)ex]=(e2x)
f(x)ex=e2x+cf(x)=ex+ce-x(3)
(3)x=0:
f(0)=1+c1=1+cc=0
f(x)=ex,xR.
...
....
:
f[,].([,]
[0,x],[x,x+1][x,1]..)f [,](,).
...(,),:
f () =
f () f ()
(1)
<<
:
(,)f()(,)(2)

(,)(,),
.
(2)f()(1)
:
A(, )
f () f ()
B(, )
.

)ff.:
80 ROLLE......
f () < f () < f () f () <

f () f ()
< f (), f
(f).
f () > f () > f () f () >
f () f ()
> f (), f
(f).
) x,
[,]x.[,][1,x],[0,x],
[x1,x]..
10.5 f:R Rf(x)0xR.

) f(x)=0R.
) 2xln2=ln4+2lnx.

) f (x)=0 ,

<<.[,][,]f-
(,)(,).f()=f()=f()=0.
Rolle(,)(,),:
f()=0f()=0
[,] f Rolle,
(,), f()=0., f(x)0 x R.
,f(x)=0R.
) x=1x=2:
2xln2=ln4+2lnx(1)
f(x)=2xln2ln42lnx,x>0.:
f(1)=0f(2)=0
f (x) = 2 x ln 3 2 +
f (x) = 2 x ln 2 2
2

x
2

x2
81
f (x)>0, f (x)0 x>0.

f (x)=0 .,
(1)x=1x=2.

. f:R,,h(x),
f(f ..),:
h(x)=0,h(x)=c,x
h(x)=g(x),h(x)=G(x)+cG(x)=g(x)(
Gg)
h(x)=h(x),:
h(x)=cex,x
h(x)=h(x),:
h(x) h(x) = 0 h(x)e x h(x)e x = 0 ( h(x)e x )= 0
h(x)e-x=ch(x)=cex,x
. h(x):
h(x)=f(x)h(x)=f(x)g(x) h(x) =
f (x)
h(x)=exf(x)
g(x)
h(x)=[f(x)(x)]2+[f(x)(x)]2..
. ,f,ff
.
. f(x)f(x)xf(x)..
.
82 ROLLE......
. :
f (x)

xf (x) f (x) = x 2
xf (x)+f (x)=[xf (x)]
x
(+1)f(x)f(x)=[f+1(x)],-1
f (x)
= ( ln f (x) )
f (x)
ef (x) f (x) = ( ef (x) )

f (x) f +1 (x)
=
, 1
f (x) + 1
.
10.6 f:(0,+)R:
x
f(xy) + f = 2f(x)
y
x,y>0.f(1)=0f(1)=1,:
1
) f(x) + f = 0 x>0,
x
1
1 2
) f (x) + 2 f = x>0,
x
x x
) f(x)=lnx,x>0.

):
x
f (xy) + f = 2f (x)
y

(1) x=1 y=x :
(1)
1
1
f (x) + f = 2f (1) f (x) + f = 0
x
x
(2)
) (1)x(y):
x 1
f (xy) y + f = 2f (x)
y y

x=1 y=x :
1 1 2
1 1
f (x) x + f = 2f (1) f (x) + 2 f =
x x x
x x
(3)
f(1)=1x0(x>0).
83
) (2):
1 1
1 1
f (x) + f = 0 f (x) 2 f = 0
x x
x x
(4)
(3)(4):
2f (x) =
2
1
f (x) = f (x) = lnx + c, x > 0
x
x
f(1)=0,0+c=0c=0.:
f(x)=lnxx>0

f(x)=0x(,)f=[,],f..
;f(x)=0x(,)(,).:
c , x (, )

f (x) = 1
c2 , x (, )
f,:
c1 , x (, )
f (x) = c, x =
c , x (, )
2
f,:
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f () c1 = c2 = c
x -

f (x)=c, x(,),f

(,).
84 ROLLE......

. ) Rolle-
.
[ 3]
) ff (x)=f (x) xR.
f;
[ 3]
. ) f.f
f(x)=0,x,f-
.
) fgf(x)=g(x)-
x,c,
f(x)=g(x)+cx.
[ 14]
. ()-
().
)f

[,]f()=f(),f-
Rolle.
) f [,]

(, ), Cf
(,f())(,f()).

) f (x)=g(x) x , f (x)=g(x)+c.

) f(x)=f(x)xR,f(x)=cex.

) f:R f (x)=0 x A,

f.

[ 5]
85

f:RR:
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+3xy(x+y)
x,yR
. ) fx0=0,fR.
[ 6]
) f x=, .
[ 7]
. fx0=0f(0)=0.
)fR.
) CfCf
,.
[ 12]

f:(0,+)R:
f(1)=0,f(1)=-1

2f(x)
f (x)=e
x>0
:
)f,
[ 5]
) f (x)=[f (x)] ,
[ 5]
) :
g(x)=-f(x)e-f(x),x>0
,
[ 5]
86 ROLLE......
) f(x)=-ef(x)x>0,
[ 5]
) f (x)=- lnx, x>0.

[ 5]

f[,](,)
f()=f()=0.(,)f()>0,(,)
,f()<0.
[ 25]
87

11.1
)
.
) :
f:AR
) Fermat-
.
) f;
) f;
11.2
)f
x,f
.f(x)<0,f
.
) f(x)=xx,0<<1,,
xR.
) f:AR, fx0 , >0

, x
f.
) Fermat,f
x0-
88 -

,
) f:

Dff
f.
f
)f(,x0)(x0,),x0f-
(,x0) (x0 ,), f (x0)

f(,).f
(,x0),(x0,),f(x0)
f (x) (,) f (x0)
f(,).
11.3
)f.
:
. f , f (x) > 0
x.
. f,f(x)<0-
x.
. f,f
.
. f (x0)=0 x0,f-
.
. f,
[,],.
) f[,]f()=f(),:
.x0(,),f(x0)=0
. x0(,),f(x0)=0
89
f () f ()
. x0(,), f (x 0 ) =
.f(,)
.
) f(,),:
.[,]f()f()=0
. (,)f()=f()
. x0(,)f(x0)=0fx0
.f[,]f(x)>0x(,)
. f(x0)=0x0(,)
) f:(0,+)Ref(x)+f(x)=x+lnx
x>0.:
.f(0,+)
. f
. f(0,+)
.f
.
11.4
)f[,]
(,),f(x)>0.

) x0 (,) f (x0)=0, f (x0)-

x0.

) f x0 (,) f

x0,f(x0).

) f (x)<0 (,), f (x)>0 (,) f-

,f()f(,).

) f =(,)

,f
.
90 -

)f x0 [,]

x0,f(x0)=0.

) f =[,], f

.

) f [,], -

f [,] f-

.

91

. ,,.:
(x)B(x)A(x)B(x)(x)

x , .
) (x)B(x):
1 ( )
:
f(x)=A(x)B(x),x
f.
f(x)f(x0)=0x0.
:
f(x)f(x0)
.
2 ( ...)
(...).[,x][x,]..
,x .
.
) A(x)B(x)(x),().
1
....
92 -
2
:
A(x) B(x)
A(x) B(x) (x)

B(x) (x)
.
. ,
ee,...( f (x)=xlnx ,>e).
. ,<,
=x...(
[,x]).
12.1 :
1
f(x) = (e x + 1) x , x > 0 g(x) = xe x - (1 + e x )ln(1 + e x )
:
) g ,
) g(x) < 0 x > 0,
) f (0, +).

):
g(x) = [xe x (1 + e x )ln(1 + e x )] = (ex + xex ) ex ln(1 + e x ) (1 + ex )
1
ex =
1 + ex
= e x + xe x e x ln(1 + e x ) ex = xe x e x ln(1 + ex ) =
= e x [x ln(1 + e x )] = e x [lne x ln(1 + e x )] = e x ln
xR, 0 <
.
ex
<0
1 + ex
ex
ex
<
1,
ln
< 0. g

1 + ex
1 + ex
93
) x>0g:
g(x)<g(0)g(x)<-2ln2<0
g(x)<0x>0.
) :
1
f (x) = (e x + 1) x = e x
f (x) = e x
= f (x)
ln(ex +1)
ln(ex +1)
)= f (x) 1 ln(e
2
+ 1) +
1
1
x
ex =
x e +1
xe x (e x + 1)ln(e x + 1)
g(x)
= f (x) 2 x
< 0 x>0(())
2
x
x (e + 1)
x (e + 1)
f(0,+).
12.2 ff(x)=2f(x)f(x)xR .
f(0)=2f(0)=1,:
) f(x)=f2(x)+1xR ,
) f,
) f(x)=1.

):
f(x)=2f(x)f(x)(f(x))=(f2(x))f(x)=f2(x)+c(1)
(1)x=0:
f(0)=f2(0)+c2=1+cc=1
f(x)=f2(x)+1xR.
) f(x)=f2(x)+1>0xR,f.
) f(0)=1,x=0f(x)=1.f-
,f1(
11).x=1
.
94 -

g(x)=f(x)1,:
g(0)=f(0)1=0
g(x)=f(x)>0
gx=1-
g(x)=0.
12.3 f:RR:
f3(x)+f2(x)+f(x)=x5+5x320x+4
xR ,,R2<3.
) f.
) f
.
) f(x)=0(0,1).

):
f 3 (x)+f2 (x)+f (x)=x5 +5x 3 20x+4(1)
x=ff()=0,f-
R.(1):
3f2(x)f(x)+2f(x)f(x)+f(x)=5x4+15x220
f(x)[3f2(x)+2f(x)+]=5(x4+3x24)(2)
=4212=4(23)<0,3f2(x)+2f(x)+>0xR.
(2)x:
f()[3f2()+2f()+]=5(4+324)
0=5(4+324)=04+324=0
(2=12=-4)=1
fx=1x=-1.
) 3f2(x)+2f(x)+>0xR,(2)
f:
h(x)=5(x4+3x24)=5(x21)(x2+4)
95
-
f:
(-,-1]
[1,+),
[-1,1].
x=-11.
) Bolzano.f
[0,1].(1):
f(x)[f2(x)+f(x)+]=x5+5x320x+4(3)
2
0,
3
>0.f2(x)+f(x)+>0xR.(3):
1=24=(23)<0,2<3 >
f(0)[f2(0)+f(0)+]=4,f(0)>0.
f(1)[f2(1)+f(1)+]=-10,f(1)<0.
f(0)f(1)<0,f(x)=0(0,1).
,f[-1,1],
(0,1).

,
<.
:
. [,]
....
. ,,=x
[,+).>
.
96 -
12.4 ,>>0,:
2 ln
< 2 - 2

,>0>.
x,=x:
2x ln
x
x
< x 2 2 2x ln x 2 + 2 < 0
(1)
x
2x ln , -
x
. ln
x.x(1):
2 ln
x
2
x+
< 0
:
f (x) = 2 ln
x
2
x+ , x
:
1
2 2
2
x 2 + 2 2x
(x )2
f (x) = 2 1 2 =
1 2 =
=

x
x
x
x
x2
x2
f[,+)f(x)<0
x(,+).f-
[,+).>:
f()<f()
2 ln
2
+ < 2 ln +
2 ln
>0
+ < 0 2 ln <
2 ln < 2 2
.
97

g(x) = 2x ln
x
x 2 + 2 , x((1)),:
g()=0
g(x) = 2ln
x
1
x
+ 2x 2x = 2 ln + 2 2x g()=0
1
2( x)
g(x) = 2 2 =

x
x
g(x)<0x>,g
[,+).:
x>g(x)<g()g(x)<0
g[,+).
:
>g()<g()g()<0
2 ln 2 + 2 < 0 2 ln < 2 2
(x)-
,.

f.f(A)
()f(x)=0
:
1,23..f,:
=123..
f(1),f(2)f(3)..

f1,23.,f1,23..
98 -
,=(,] lim+ f (x) = A, lim- f (x) = B, :

x
(A, B], f

f () =
[, ), f

1 ,23..
f.
:
f()ff()=f(1)f(2)f(3)..
f(x)=0 12..f(1)f(2)
...
,f()=(,),12
..0f(),,
,f.
0(,),f.

.

f()0,
f.
(!).
f()0f(),f
,.
12.5 f(x)=x3+x+1.
) f.
) f.
) f.
) f-1(x)=f(x).

)f,=R.xR
f(x)=(x3+x+1)=3x2+1>0.f.
99
) f=R.:
lim f (x) = lim (x 3 + x + 1) = +
x +
x +
lim f (x) = lim (x 3 + x + 1) =

x
ff()=(-,+)=R.

f,:
lim f(x) = + lim f(x) = -
x +
x -
) f,11.f-1:f(),
f-1:RR.
) x=f-1(x)=f(x).f-1()=f().
f-1()=.:
f-1()==f()
f()=f-1()=,f()=
:
3 + + 1 =
f () =
3
+ + 1 =
f () =
:
()(2++2+2)=0(1)
2++(2+2)=0,=24(2+2)=-328<0.
(1)=.=:
3++1=3=-1=-1
(,)=(-1,-1),f-1(x)=f(x)
x=-1.

f, f-1(x)=f (x)-
f(x)=x(f -1(x)=x).:
f-1(x)=f(x)f(x)=xx3+x+1=xx=-1
100 -
12.6 ,
3+5 ,

32100000.
,-
3+5,
32500000.
.f(x)=x3+2x:
) f,
) f,
) f11,
) f(1)+f(1)=0.
.
.
.) Df=R :

f(-x)=(-x)3+2(-x)=-x32x=-(x3+2x)=-f(x)xR
f.
) :
f(x)=3x2+2>0xR
f.
) f,11.
) ,-
:
3+532=1(1)
3+532=5(2)
:
f(1)+f(1)=(1)3+2(1)+(1)3+2(1)=
=(332+31+22)+(332+31+22)=
(1), (2)
= ( 3 3 2 + 5 3) + (3 32 + 5 3) ==== (1 3) + (5 3) = 0
101
. +.
:
f(1)+f(1)=0f(1)=-f(1)
()
()
f ( 1) == f (1 ) 1 = 1 + = 2
2,200.

.f:AR.f:
f
=1 2 3 ..1 ,23-
.
=(,)f.
:
lim f (x) = A lim- f (x) = B
x +
:

(A, B), f

f () =
(, ), f
f.
,f ()
.
f (1),f (2)..

f()ff()=f(1)f(2)f(3).

f,1,23..f,f.
1 ,23..,
ff(
f).
102 -
. :
f(1),f(2)f(3)..
.
:
0 f (), 1 ,23..,f
,.
0f(),f.
f(1),f(2)f(3)..
f(x)=0.

0f(),
()f.
f.
103

. ) f:AR
;
) x0
f:AR;
) ;
) Fermat.
[ 4]
. ) ff(x)>0
x.f
.
[ 10]
) (x)=x-1xR,N{0,1}.
[ 6]
. ()-
().
) f:AR f (x)<0
x,f.

) x0
f(x0)=0,x0.

) f(,x0),
(x0 ,), x0f
(,x0)(x0,),f(,).
104 -

) f (x)>0 x (,x 0 ) f (x)<0

x (x0 ,) fx0 ,f (x0)
f(,).
) -

.

[ 5]

f (x) =
x2
(2lnx 1) 2x(lnx 1).
4
)f(x).
[ 7]
) f.
[ 6]
) f.
[ 6]
) x=1, .

[ 6]

f(x)=x3x2lnx,x>0.
)f.
[ 9]
) x3x2+lnxx>0.
[ 7]
) :
x3x2+lnxx>0
=1.
[ 9]
105

:
f(x)=2x33x212x+8
)f.
[ 4]
) f.
[ 4]
) f.
[ 5]
) f.
[ 5]
) :
2x3+8=3x(x+4)
[ 7]
106 -

13.1
A.)f;
) f
;
) (x0,f(x0))Cf;
) f(x0,f(x0))-
Cfx0,f(x0);
) ;
)fx0f(x0)=0,(x0,f(x0))-
Cf;
) f(x)=x46x2+3.
0
. )DeLHospital .
0
x
e 1
;
) lim
x 0
x
) DeLHospital .
2x 2 + lnx + 1
.
) lim 2
x + x + lnx + 2
) x=x0Cf;
) f (x) =
x
;
x 1
2
107
) y=Cf+-;
) f (x) =
x2 + x + 2
.
x2 x + 3
) y=x+ Cf;

;
x
.
x +1
.
) f (x) = 3x 5 +
)y=x+Cf,;
)Cf, f (x) =
x 2 + 3x + 3
.
x +1
13.2
)=x0 Cf ,
,
)
f
) =Cf+(-),
().
2x2 + 1

x2 2x + 1
) f(x) =
) Cf+,
0.:
==
) f (x) = 2x + 1 +
x+2

x2 + 3
108 DELHOSPITAL
) DeLHospital:
e x 1 x
=
x 1 x 1
ii)
lnx
=
x
iv) lim
i) lim
iii) lim
x +
x2
=
x + e x
lim
x 0
x
=
ln(x + 1)
13.3
)f
,f.

1
(-,0)
x

) f (x) =
(0,+).
) ff
,f.

) f (x)>0 x,
f.

) f, f (x)<0

x.

)fx0 , (x0 ,f (x0))

Cf.

) f(x0)=0f(x)<0x(,x0)f(x)>0
x(x0,),f(,x0],
[x0,)(x0,f(x0))Cf.

) f,-
=(,),
f ()f ()<0, Cf-

(,).

109
13.4
).
1. lim
x 0
2.
3.
4.
5.

()

()
x

ln(1 + x)
. 0
. 10
1 x 2
lim

x 0
x4
x4
lim 2

x 0 x + 2x 2
x x

lim
x 0 x x
2 x e x
lim

x 0
x
x
. 12
. 1
. -8
.
1

2
. -1
:

1
2
3
4
5

) .

()

()
2x 2

x2 1
3x 2 + 2x + 1
2. f (x) =

x2 + 7
5x 2 + 6x + 7
3. f (x) =

x 1
. y=1,y=-1,x=2
1. f (x) =
. y=5x+11,x=1
.
. x=1,x=-1,y=2
. y=3
:

1
2
3

110 DELHOSPITAL

. ) f (),:
f,
f().
) ff(x)>0(f(x)<0),
f().
) f:
f
f.
f.
. f,:
f(x)0,f,
f(x)0,f.
. ) fx0
,:
(x0,f(x0)),
x0f.
) fx0x0 ,
(x0,f(x0)).
) fx0,f(x0)=0fx0.
111
. f,:
x= . f ()=0
.
f.
14.1 f(x) =
4x
.
(x - 1) 2
) f.
) f.
) f.
) Cf.

)f Df=R{1}.:
4x
(x 1)2 2x(x 1)
x 1 2x 4(x + 1)
f (x) =

4
=
= 4
=
2
4
(x 1)
(x 1)3
(x 1)3
(x 1)
f (x) = 0
4(x + 1)
= 0 x + 1 = 0 x = 1
(x 1)3
f-
(-,-1]
(1,+) [-1,1).
4
f (1) =
= 1 .
(2)2
) :
x + 1
(x 1)3 (x + 1) 3(x 1)2
f (x) = 4
=
=
(x 1)3
(x 1)6
= 4
x 1 3x 3 8(x + 2)

=
(x 1) 4
(x 1) 4
f(x)=08(x+2)=0x=-2
112 DELHOSPITAL
-
f (x),f
(-,-2][-2,1)
(1,+).(-2,f(-2)),:
8
A 2,
9
Cf.
) :
1=(-,-1],2=[-1,1)3=(1,+)
f.
:
lim f (x) = 0, lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1) = 1
x 1
x 1
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = + lim f (x) = 0
x 1
x +
x1
:
f(1)=[-1,0),f(2)=[-1,+)

f(3)=(0,+)
,f:
f(Df)=f(1)f(2)f(3)=[-1,+)
) :
lim f (x) = lim
x 1
x 1
4x
= +,
(x 1)2
x=1Cf.
4x
= 0,
x + (x 1)2
lim f (x) = lim

x +
y=0(+).
lim f (x) = 0,
x
y=0(-).
113

(Fermat)

:
:
x0
x0
,
,
x0 x0-
Cf,
f,
f fx0,
x0,
f(x0)=0.
f(x0)=0.

.
f(x0)fx0, f(x0)=0fx0.
(x0,f(x0))Cf,f(x0)=0
fx0.
14.2 A 2 , 5 -
:
f(x) =
:
) ,
x 2 +

x3
) f,
) Cf,
) Cf.

)fDf=R*.f-
x0=2Cf,f(2)=0.
114 DELHOSPITAL
:
x 2 + 2xx 3 3x 2 (x 2 + ) 2x 4 3x 4 3x 2
x 2 + 3

f (x) =
=
=
=
3
x6
x6
x4
x
f (x) =
2xx 4 4x 3 (x 2 + 3)
2x 5 4x 5 12x 3
=
=
x8
x8
2x 2 + 12 2(x 2 + 6)
=

x5
x5
:
f(2)=02(4+6)=02+3=0(1)
:
5
4 + 5
5
A 2, Cf f (2) =
= 4 + = 10
4
8
4
4
(2)
(1)(2)=3=-2.,
..
) =3=-2:
f (x) =
3x 2 2

x3
f (x) =
2(3x 2 12)

x5
:
f(x)=0x2=4x=2
f:
(-,-2](0,2],
[-2,0)[2,+).
) Cf(-2,f(-2))(2,f(2)),:
5
B 2, A 2,
4
4
) Cfx=0.:
1
lim f (x) = lim 3 (3x 2 2) = ()(2) = +

x 0
x 0 x
115
lim+ f (x) = lim+ 3 (3x 2 2) =

x 0
x 0 x
,x=0Cf.f
.:
3x 2
=0
x x 3
lim f (x) = lim
,y=0Cf-+.
.
14.3 f(x)=ex+e-xx22.:
.) f,
) f,
) f(-,0][0,+).
. ) f(x)=0.
) ex+e-xx2+2xR .

.)f=R.:
f(x)=(ex+e-xx22)=exe-x2x
f(x)=(exe-x2x)=ex+e-x-2
f(x)=(ex+e-x2)=exe-xxR
f(x)=0exe-x=0ex=e-xx=-xx=0
:
f(0)=0,f(0)=0f(0)=0
f (x)
f(-,0]
[0,-).
:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
116 DELHOSPITAL
f (-,0] [0,+) -

R.f:
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
,f (-,0] [0,+),
R.ff(0)=0.
) ffR.

f(x)f,:
f(0)=0
f(-,0]
[0,+).f(-,0][0,+);
.
f.
) f(x)<0x<0f0,f-
(-,0].f(x)>0x>0,f[0,+),
x0=0.
. )f:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f (x)>0 x0, f (x)0 x0. f (0)=0,
f(x)=0x=0.
) :
ex+e-xx2+2ex+e-xx220f(x)0
f0,:
f(x)0xR
.
117

x=x0
y=y0
y=x+,0
lim f (x) =
lim f (x) = y 0
x x 0
x +
lim f (x) =
lim f (x) = y 0
x x +0

lim [ f (x) (x + ) ] = 0
x +
x0-
Df
-
.
:
lim f (x)
lim f (x)
lim+ f (x)
lim f (x)
x +
x x 0
lim [ f (x) (x + ) ] = 0
+

-
:
x x 0
+

-
:
f (x)
= lim

x x
= lim [ f (x) x ]
x
14.4 fR:
f(0)=f(0)=0f(0)=2
) A = lim
f (x)
.
x
) B = lim
f(x)
.
x2
x0
x0
) = lim
x0
2 x + f(x)
.
f (x)ln(x + 1)

):
f (x) f (0)
f (x)
= 2 lim
=2
x 0
x 0
x0
x
f (0) = 2 lim
=2.
118 DELHOSPITAL
(1)
) fx0=0,,:
lim f (x) = f (0) = 0

x 0

:
0
DeLHospital
0
f (x)
f (x) 1
f (x) 1
= lim
= lim
= 2 = 1
2
x 0 x
x 0 2x
2 x 0 x
2
B = lim
:
0
1
f (x) 0 1
f (x) 1
1
B = lim
== lim
= f (0) = 2 = 1
2 x 0 x
2 x 0 1
2
2
f x0 = 0,
f(x) x0 = 0 lim f (x) = f (0) = 2.
x 0
) lim
x 0
:
f (x )
, x2.
x2
( )
f (x)
x
+ 2
x + f (x)
x
x
= lim
= lim

x 0 f (x)ln(x + 1)
x 0 f (x) ln(x +1)
x
x
2
:
1
ln(x + 1) 0
1
x +1
lim
== lim
= lim
= 1
x 0
x
0
x
0
x
1
x +1
:
1+1
= 1
2 1
14.5 fx0=0,f(0)=1f(0)=0,
:
x - xe x
,
x0
x2
) A = lim
119
) B = lim
x0
) lim
x0
f(x)
,
x
xf(x)
= -1.
x - xe x

)DeLHospital:
0
x xe x 0
x e x xe x 0
x e x e x xe x
A = lim
==
lim
==
lim
= 1
x 0
x 0
x 0
2x
2
x2
) f(0)=1f(0)=0,:
f (0) = 1 lim
x 0
f (x) f (0)
f (x)
= 1 lim
= 1
x
0
x0
x
:
0
0
f (x)
f (x)
= 1 == lim
= lim f (x) = f (0) = 1
B = lim
x 0 x
x 0 (x)
x 0
f,:
lim f (x) = f (0)

x 0
) :
xf (x)
f (x)
xf (x)
x2
x
lim
= lim
= lim
=
x 0 x xe x
x 0 x xe x
x 0 x xe x
x2
14.6 f(x) = x
x2
f (x)
B 1
x
= =
= 1
x
x xe
A 1
lim
x 0
x2
lim
x 0
-4
.
x2
) f.
) f.
) f.
) Cf.
) Cff.
120 DELHOSPITAL
) R -
x3x24=0.
) f.

)f=R*.:
x 3 4 3x 4 2x(x 3 4) 3x 3 2x 3 + 8 x 3 + 8
f (x) = 2 =

=
=
x4
x3
x3
x
f(x)=0x3+8=0x3=-8x=-2
,f(-,-2]
(0,+)[-2,0).
8 4
= 3 f.
f(2) =
4
) :
x 3 + 8 3x 5 (x 3 + 8) 3x 2 3x 3 3x 3 24 24
f (x) = 3 =
=
= 4
x6
x4
x
x
x0.,f(-,0)(0,+).Cf-
.
)
()()
.
) :
x3 4
1
= lim 2 (x 3 4) =
2
x 0
x
0
x
x
lim f (x) = lim

x 0
:
lim(x 3 4) = 4 < 0 lim

x 0
x 0
1
= +
x2
,x=0Cf.
121
:
f (x)
x3 4
= lim
= 1
x x
x
x3
x3 4
4
lim [ f (x) x ] = lim 2 x = lim 2 = 0
x
x
x
x x
lim
,y=xCf+-.
) -
f-
,.
)
x3x24=0
Cf . x=0
.x0:
x3 4
= f (x) =
x2

x 3 4 = x 2
Cfy=,R.,
yy:
<-31<-2,2(-2,0)3>0.
=-31=-22>0.
>-3,>0,y=
Cf.
) Cfyy.
f ( * ) = .

lim+ f(x) = - , lim f(x) = + f=(0,+),
x +
x 0
f()=(-,+).,f,
f(),R.
122 DELHOSPITAL
14.7 -
-
f:RR.:
g(x) =
1

f(x)
) g.
) :
lim g(x) lim g(x)
x +
) Cg.
) g.
) g.
)g.
) g.

):
f(x)=0(x=-2x=0x=2)
g:
=R{-2,0,2}
) lim f (x) = lim f (x) = + :
x
x +
lim g(x) = 0 lim g(x) = 0
x +
) lim f (x) = 0, lim f (x) = 0 lim f (x) = 0. f-

x 2
x 0

x 2

2, 0 2 :
lim g(x) = lim+ g(x) = +
x 2
x 2
lim g(x) = + lim+ g(x) =
x 0
x 0
lim g(x) = lim+ g(x) = +
x 2
x 2
123
,x=-2,x=0x=2
Cg. lim g(x) = 0 = lim g(x) y=0-
x
x +
Cg(-)(+).
) f(-,-2],(-,-2)
1
.:
g(x) =
f (x)
<<-2(<0).:
f()<f()<0-f()>-f()>0
:
1
1
1
1
<
>
g() > g()
f ()
f ()
f () f ()
g(-2,-1],
[-1,0), (0,1], [1,2)
(2,+).
) g g(1) =
g,g(1)=-1g.
1
= 1
f (1)
)-
f-
g.

)
Cg-
g
.

124 DELHOSPITAL

. ) f;
) (x0,f(x0))-
Cff;
) f
;
[ 6]
. ) x=x0-
f;
) y= Cf
f+-;
) y=x+ Cf
f+-;
) y=x+Cf+-,
;
[ 4]
. fx0
,:
f(x0)=0
[ 10]
.()-
().
) lim+ f (x) = +, x=x0-
x x0
Cf.

125
) f(x0)=0,(x0,f(x0))Cf.

) f(x)<0x
f,f.

) f-
,f(x)>0x.

0
f (x)
, :
x x 0 g(x)
0
) lim
f (x)
f (x)

= lim
x x 0 g(x)
x x 0 g(x)

f (x)
f (x)
= A, lim
= A.
x
g(x)
g(x)

) -
,.

lim
) lim
x
) y=x+Cf+,:
f (x)
= lim [ f (x) x ]
x + x
x +
= lim
) Cf
f,
f.
)
.

[ 5]

:
f(x)=x33x22+2x22+22,R
:
)fR,
[ 12]
126 DELHOSPITAL
) ,,.
[ 13]

f:RR:
f3(x)+f(x)=xxxR
)f(0).
[ 5]
) lim f (x).

x 0
[ 7]
) lim
x 0
f (x) 1
= .
6
x3
[ 13]

f (x) =
(x 1)3
.
(x + 1)2
)f.
[ 6]
) f.
[ 6]
) Cf.
[ 5]
) Cf.
[ 8]
127

15.1
. ) f;
) f;
) :
f(x)=4x3+2x+1
g(x)=2x3x
) f;
) .
):
3 1
A = 2
x x
dx, x > 0
1
1

=
+ 2 dx, x 0,
2
2
x x
B = e x
dx, x > 1
x + 1
B.
).
) I = xx dx;
) A = x2x dx.
) ;
lnx
dx B = x dx, x(0,).
x
2x + 1
) A = 2
dx, x > 3.
x 5x + 6
) A =
128
15.2
.
) f (x)g(x) dx = .
) I = lnx dx, =.
) A = f ( g(x) ) g(x)dx,
=,u=du=.
3
) I = 3 x 2 e x 1dx, =.
) A = x(x 2 4)99 dx, =+c.
) A =
2x + 3
dx. :
x + 3x + 2
2
2x + 3
= + A = + c
x + 3x + 2
2
B.
):
f (x) dx =
f (x) dx =
) f(x)0x[,], f (x) dx
) c dx =
) :

[ f (x) + g(x)] dx = , , R.
f (x) dx = , R
) f[,],f(x)0[,]f
[,], f (x) dx
)f,,.:
f (x) dx = +
129
.
)f[,]:
( f (t)dt ) =
d
iii) ( f (y)dy ) =
dx
i)
d
dx
) g,
ii)
d
dt
( f (x)dx ) =
) f (x) =
x
x2
g(x)
f (t)dt =
e t +1dt, f(x)=
) Gf[,],:
f (x)dx =
) :
(3x 2 2x + 1) dx =
i)
ii)
iii) 2xe x dx =
iv) lnx dx =
x dx =
0
e
15.3
.
):
. f (x) dx = f (x) + c
. F(x)=f(x),Ff
. ef (x) f (x) dx = ef (x) + c
.
. f (x) dx f(x)
(x)
dx = ln (x) + c
(x)
x +1
, x>0,:
2
x
1 1
1
. f (x) dx = + 2 + c . f (x) dx = lnx + c
x x
x
) f (x) =
1
+c
x
. f (x) dx = ln( x) +
.
130
. f (x) dx =
1
2
3
2
x
x
) f (x) =
2
, x>-1, f (x) dx :
x +1
.2(x+1)+c
. 2ln(x+1)
.2ln(x+1)+c
. 2 x + 1 + c
. 2ln(-1x)+c
) f(x)=xx,f(0)=f(0)=1,:
.f(x)=x+x+1
. f(x)=xx+2
. f(x)=2x3x+1
.f(x)=xx+2
. f(x)=-xx+2
1
) f (x) = x 3

(1,2),:
. F(x) =
. F(x) = x x + 1
3 3
5
x x +
4
4
. F(x) = x + 1
. F(x) = x + x
. F(x)=x2+1
. 6
.
) A = (3x 2 2x + 1) dx, :
0
.3
) =
. =
2
1
. 5
. -7
.-4
.=5
1
x 3 + 7x
x
dx + 2 2
dx, :
2
2
x +5
x +5
1

2
. =3
. =
3

2
. =2
) I = 2 f (x)f (x) dx :
.f()f()
. f()+f()
.f2()f2()
. f()f()f()f()
. f2()+f2()
) Cf(0,0)(1,1),-
1
I = f (x) dx :
.2
. 1
. 3
.5
. 0
131
) f (x) =
1 t 2 dt, :
. f (x) = x x
. f(x)=2x
. f (x) = x
. f(x)=2x
. f(x)=-2x
)fR xf (x) dx = t 6 + t 4 , :

0
.f(1)=7
. f(1)=5
. f(1)=3
.f(1)=8
. f(1)=10
.7
) I = x 2 dx, :
1
.5
. -3
) g(x) =
x +1
x
. 9
. 10
.
.1
. 7
e2t dt :
.
.
.
.
) L = lim
1 2+ h
5 + t 2 dt :
2
h
h 0
.2
. 3
. 5
) [ f (x) + f (x)] x dx = 2 f()=1,f(0):

0
.1
. 2
. 3
.
)-
:
. f (x) dx
.
.
. f (x) dx + f (x) dx
.
2
1
f (x) dx + f (x) dx
1
f (x) dx f (x) dx
1
132
.5
. 4
)
C f C g x= x=
:
. [ f (x) g(x)] dx
.
. [ f (x) g(x)] dx + [ f (x) g(x)] dx
. g(x)dx + f (x)dx
. [ f (x) g(x)] dx [ f (x) g(x)] dx
[f (x) g(x)] dx [f (x) g(x)] dx
) f(x)=x2
y=-x+2:
.3
. 5
. 7
.
9

2
. 6
)
f(x)=x3g(x)=xx=-2x=1:
.
11

4
.
7

3
.
8

5
.
13

7
.
11

2
)
f(x)=xg(x)=xx=0x=2
:
. 3
. 5
. 2 2
. 3 5
. 4 2
)
:
1
.
3
.
3 5
+
ln2 3
.
5

7
.
2 3
+
ln3 2
. 3ln22ln3
133
15.4
.
) F f, G f
F+c,cR.

) F(x)=f(x),x, f (x) dx = F(x) + c.

) f (x) dx = f (x).
)

1
dx = ln(x + 2) + c, (x>0).
x+2

) x dx = x + c.

) x dx = x + c.

dx = 2 x + c.

( f (t)dt )= f (x), fR.

)
.
)
) f (x) =
x2
0
1 + t 4 dt, f (x) = 2x 1 + x8 .
) (5x 4 + 4x 3 + 3x 2 + 2x + 1) dx = 5.

)
2 f (x) dx = 2 f (x) dx.

) x dx = 0.

134

.
.:
1 +1
f (x) + c, 1
+1
f (x)f (x)dx = 2 f
f (x) dx = ln f (x) + c
(x)f (x)dx =
(x) + c
f (x)
f (x)
1
dx =
f +1 (x) + c, 1
+ 1
(x)
f (x)
f (x)dx = ef (x) + c
f (x)
f (x)
dx = 2 f (x) + c
. I = A(x)dx (x)
f(x),.
. I =
f 1 (x )dx x=f(y),
dx=f(y)dy.f()=
f()=,:
I = f 1 ( f (y) ) f (y)dy = yf (y)dy = [ yf (y) ] f (y)dy
,
Cf Cf 1 y=x,Cf.
135
16.1 f:RR*:
1
1
2
+
= x xR
f(x) f (x) e
f(0)=1,:
) :
I = ( f(x) + f (x) ) e x dx
) f(x)=ex,xR.

).:
I = ( f (x) + f (x) ) ex dx = f (x)ex dx + f (x)ex dx =

= f (x)e x dx + f (x)e x f (x)e x dx = f (x)ex + c
) :
1
1
2
f (x) + f (x) 2
+
= x
= x
f (x) f (x) e
f (x)f (x)
e
()
( f (x) + f (x) ) ex = 2f (x)f (x)

( f (x)e x )= f 2 (x) f (x)ex = f 2 (x) + c
(1)
(1)x=0:
:
f(0)=f2(0)+cc=0
f (x) 0
f (x)e x = f 2 (x) f (x) = e x , x
16.2 fg[,],FfG
g[,]. f(x) dx = g(x) dx , :
) F()G()=F()G(),
) (,),f()=g().
136

)FGfg[,],:
f (x) dx = F() F()

g(x) dx = G() G()
:
f (x) dx = g(x) dx F() F() = G() G()
F()G()=F()G()
) f()=g()h(x)=f(x)g(x).
hH=FG,:
H(x) = ( F(x) G(x) )= f (x) g(x) x[,]

H[,][,].
H[,],(,).
:
H()=F()G()H()=F()G()
H()=H(),.-
Rolle(,),H()=0.:
H()=0f()g()=0f()=g()
16.3 f(x) =
x2
e t t dt , xR.
) f(x).
) f.
2
) I = 3f(x) dx.

0

):
f (x) = e x
x2
( x 2 ) = 2xex x , x
2
137
) :
f(x)=0x=0
f(-,0]-
[0,+).
) :
2
()
I = 3f (x) dx = 3 (x)f (x) dx = 3[ xf (x)] 0 3 xf (x)dx ==

2
= 6f (2) 0 3 2x 2 e
x2 x
dx = 0 2 3x 2 e
x2 x
dx
x[0,2], x = x. :
2
I = 2 3x 2 e x dx = 2 e x (x 3 )dx = 2
0
= 2 [ e x
2
0
( e )dx =
x3
] 0 = 2(e8 1) = 2(1 e8 )
2

A = x 2 e x dx ( x 3 = y ) .
2

I = f (x)dx
,:
x=+-y
dx=-dy
:
I = f ( + y)( dy) = f ( + x)dx = J
1
2=+J, I = (I + J). 2
+J.
138
:
I = f (x)dx
-
x=-y.
16.4 I =
) I =
xe x x
dx
- e x + 1
xx
dx. :
ex + 1
) =

) x=- y, dx=- dy.

:
I=
=
( y)( y)
xx
dx =
(dy) =
x
e +1
e y + 1
x
xx
xe x
yy
dy
dx
=
=
- e x + 1 - 1 + ex dx
- e y + 1
) :
I=
x
xe x
xx
dx
I
=
ex + 1 dx
- e x + 1
.:
x
xx
xx + xe x
xe x x
2I = x
dx
+ x
=
- ex + 1 dx =
- e + 1
e +1
xx(1 + e x )
dx = xx dx =
x
-
-
e +1
= x( x)dx = [ xx ] - + x dx =
= ( ) () + [ x ] - = 2
2=2=.
139

()
.
.f I =
h(x)
g(t)f (t)dt,
g(t),:

,:
I= g ( h(x) ) f ( h(x) ) f (x)

,,,
.
. :
I = f (x t)dt I = f (xt)dt ..
xt=u xt=u, .

.
x
. I = e x t f (t)dt.
:
x
I = e x e t f (t)dt, ex(
t).
e-x,
e-xI.
.f(),
x.
.f()f.
140
16.5 f:RR:
y
x
f(t)dt = e y (y - 1) - e x (x - 1) x, y
) f(x)=xex.
) Cf,xx
x=1.

):
x
f (t) dt = e y (y 1) e x (x 1)
y
x
y
f (t) dt = e x (x 1) e y (y 1)
(1)
f, f ( t) dt x.
y
y(1)x.
:
( f (t) dt ) = e (x 1) e (y 1)
x
f(x)=ex(x1)+exf(x)=xexex+exf(x)=xex
f(x)=xex(1).
) ,x=1,-
f(x)=0,x=0.
f(x)0x[0,1]
E=
1
0
f (x) dx =
1
0
xe x dx =
1
0
x(e x )dx =
= xe x e x dx = e e x = e e + 1 = 1
1..().

141

. ) f;
) f;
[ 4]
. :
) 0dx =
)
dx =
x dx =
) x dx =
1
)
x dx =
)
dx =
x dx =
1
x dx =
x dx = , 1
e dx =
x
[ 5]
. fF
f,:
)G(x)=F(x)+c,cR,f,
[ 3]
) GfG(x)=F(x)+c,cR.
[ 6]
.()-
().
)f.
142

) Ff-
.

) F G :
f:AR,G(x)=F(x)+c.

) Ff, F(x)dx = f (x) + c.

) f (x)g(x)dx = f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)dx.

[ 7]
) f (x)dx = f (x) + c.
) f ( g(x) ) g(x)dx = f (u)du, :

u=g(x)du=g(x)dx

f,g:RR f (0)=1 g(0)=1. f
ggf. h(x)=f (x)+g(x) (x)=f (x)g(x),
:
)h(x)=h(x)(x)=-(x),
[ 8]
) H(x)=e-xh(x)(x)=ex(x),
[ 8]
) f(x)=exg(x)=ex,xR.
[ 9]

f:RR:
(x2+1)f(x)2xxR
)f(0).
[ 5]
143
) f (x) =
2x
.
x +1
2
[ 5]
) f.
[ 9]
) Cf,xx
x=1.
[ 6]

:
f (x) =
1 x2
(1 + x 2 ) 1 + x 4
g(x) = x f (t)dt x 0
x
)g(x)=0xR*.
[ 13]
1
) I = f (x)dx, R*.
[ 12]
144

.:
) f (x) dx =
f (x) dx = f (x) dx.
) f(x)0x[,], f (x) dx
)
[f (x) + g(x)] dx =
f (x) dx =
) f,,,:
f (x) dx = +
) f [,], f (x)0 x [,] f

,
)f, F (x ) =
:
F(x)=x,
g(x)
f ( t)dt ,
f (t)dt = , g-
fg.
) :
f ( g(x) ) g(x)dx = , fg-
f (x)g(x) dx =
,u=g(x),du=u1=g()u2=g().
145
)
fgx=x=(<)
=
[ 8]
. f[,].G-
f[,], f (x)dx = G() G().
[ 12]
. ()-
().
)f(x)0, f (x)dx 0.

) xx,Cf
x=x= E = f (x)dx.
d
dx

) f [,],

x [,].
d
f (t)dt = f ( g(x) ) g(x), g-
dx g(x)
.

( f (t)dt ) = f (x)
)

) f (x)g(x)dx = [ f (x)g(x)] f (x)g(x)dx.

)Ff[,],:
f (x)dx = F() F()
[ 6]

f[,]Ff[,].
) f (x)dx = 4 F()=10,F().
[ 11]
146
) f (x)dx = 0, (,),f()=0.
[ 14]

f:RR:
x
1
f (t)dt (x 1)e1 x xR
)f(1).
[ 10]
) f(1)=2,Cf A (1, f (1) ) .
[ 8]
f (x) x 3
.
x 1
x 1
) A = lim
[ 7]

f:RR:
1
f (x) = x f (xt)dt + e x x
0
:
)f,
[ 8]
) g(x)=e-xf(x)x1R,
[ 8]
) f(x)=(x+1)exxR.
[ 9]

147

,
.,-
.,
.
17.1 :
2
z=( 2+1)+( 2+1)i

) w,
) w.
, R.
4 3i
z
5
-
17.4 z,wC w =
, z = 0.
17.2 :
z = x3 + y3 + ( x2 + y2 ) i

w=2+(1+xy)i
.:
)
,
) xy.
) z
(,),w
.
) z2004.
17.5 :
x,y R.
17.3 zw
:
z=(x2+y22x+2y7)+(x2y21)i
x,yR.-
z + 4i

z2
-
z,:
z:
) z.
w=
148
) z,
17.6 z 2 2z + 1 = 0.
4,-
) C-

8
w = z + .
z
.
)
17.11 :
.
) z 4 z = 0
17.7 z:
17.12 -
z + 16 = 4 z + 1
) z 5 = z
,.
) z = 4.
2+2+2=++,
) -
z,:
:
z
+ 4 = z +1
4
17.8 z = 2,
w=2z+1 -
,-
.
17.9 z
,
:
3z i

w=
iz + 3
.
17.10 -
zC
) =
,
) .
17.13
z:
z 1 3i = 2 10
:
) z ,
) z .
17.14 zw
z w = z + w z,w0.-
:
) zw + wz = 0,
) u =
z
.
w

149
17.15 :
f(x)=x23x+2

g(x) =
x 7x + 6

x
) fg.

17.18 :
f(x)=ln(x1)ln(3x)+x
) f.
) f-
.
) :
) f (x)=g(x).
) CfCg.
;
ln(x1)ln(3x)+x=2
17.19 :
f (x) = 2 2 x x + 7 x
) :
(x)=f(x)g(x)
) Cf
) f.
) f-
xx.
.
)
) f11.
CfCg.
) f.
17.16 :
f:RR
:
f (xy)+f (x)+f (y)=xy+x+y

x,y R.
) :
2 2x x+7 x+5=0
17.20 f(x)=ex+31.
) f11.
) f-1.
-1
17.17 f:RR ) f ,.
:
(ff)(x)=xf(x)+f(y)x+y
x,yR.
) f (x)+f (y)=x+y
17.21 f:RR

:
(fff)(x)-(ff)(x)=x
xR.
x,yR.
) f.
) f(x).
) f(0).
150
17.22 (,R) 17.25 :

,
.
f (x) = x 2 4x + 5 + x +
) ,:
lim f (x)
x +
) ,:
lim f (x) = 10
x +
17.26 :

)

= ,
rad.
)
:
x 2 1 , x < 0
x
) f (x) =

2x, x 0
1x
) g(x) = xe + 1, x < 0
2x, x 0
.
AB = 2R
2
17.27 f:RR-

= .
xf(x)5xxR,
AB
,
)

AB
f(0).
.
(,),
17.23 :
) A = lim x
x +
1

x
) B = lim x 3
x
17.24 :
f (x) =
17.28 f[,].
x2 + 1

x4 + x2 + 3
2

x
:
f () =
1
1

+

17.29 f
[,] >0 -
:
[,],
) A = lim f (x),
[,],:
x +
) B = lim [ f (x)x ].
x +
f ()
=
151
17.30 f :

g[0,1]:
f(0)=g(1),f(1)=g(0)
) (1,2),:
f () =
f (0)f (1)

) (0,1)-
,f()=g().
)
;
xf(x)2x2+xxR,
f(0).
4 x2
) f.
) :
M = lim f (x) N = lim f (x)

x 2
17.35 f:RR -

[f (x)x2][f (x)+x2]=2x2+1
) f(x)=0
.
) f,:
f(2000)=4106+1
17.32 :
x
) f.
xR.
17.31 f:RR -
f (x) =
f (1) + f (2)

2
x 2
) f.
17.33 f:
lim f (x + h) = f (x)
h 0
( f (x) x 2 )( f (x) + x2 ) = 0
17.36 f:RR

f(xy)+f(x)+f(y)+3=x+y+xy
x,yR.
) f(1)=0.
) f.
) :
lim
x +
x2x

f 2 (x) + 1
17.37 f:RR

f2(x)=1+2ex[1f (x)]
xR.f(2004)<0,-
xR.f.
f(x).
17.34 f[1,4]:
17.38 f
f(1)+f(2)=f(3)+f(4),f(1)f(2)

f(3)f(4)
152
[,],,[,].-
[,],:
3f()+5f()+7f()=15f()
17.39 :
x 2 + 2x + , x 1
f (x) = 2

x x + 4, x > 1
) f,:
17.43 f-
x0=0f(0)=1,
:
A = lim
x 0
2=-1
) ,f-
x0=1.
2
2
x , x 0

f (x) =
x
0,
x = 0
:
2 f (x) x 2 f ()

x
x
) A = lim
) B = lim
x
:
) fx0=0,
) Cfxx
.
17.41 f:
x+2f(x)x2+x+2
xR.:
) fx0=0,
) fx0=0.
17.42 f
x0=2:
h 0
17.44 f,g:RR -

x0=,
17.40 :
lim
f (3x) + f (2x) + f (x) 3f (0)

x
f (2 + h) 3
=5
h
g()f (x) g(x)f ()

x
17.45 f-
f()0,
f .
17.46 y=f (x)

x[,].(,)
Cf (,f ()) -
, (,f ())
(,f()),:
+

2
17.47 :
f(x)=x2+x+2
:
) f(2),
) Cf
) f x0=2.
:y=3x+5.
153
) Cf
(2,7).
17.48 f (x)=x3.

Cf,:
) :
Cg
:x=1, -
.
17.52 :
f (x) =
:y=3x+5
) :
x2 + 1

ex
) f(x)f(x).
7
, 9
3
) f
f.
17.49 f(x)=lnx
(-1,-2)(2,1).
) Cf
xx.
) .
) -
17.53 f:RR
Cf.
.-
17.50 -
f,g:RR g(x)g(x)0 -

xR.:
h(x) =
f (x)
, x R
g(x)
,:
f ()

h() =
g()
17.51 :
f(x)=x2+x+2
1

x
,Cf
154
) f,
) ff(0)=0.
17.54 f,g:RR
Ch (,h()) -
g(x) = 1
:
g(x)=f (x 2 x+2) x R,

fR.
Cf(2,3)
:
y=4x+6

Cg(1,g(1)).
17.55 :
x 2 + x 1, x < 1
f (x) =

x 1
x + ,
,,
(1,3),
fRolle
:
[0,2].
:3x+y5=0
17.56 f, 17.62 :

[0,2]

(0,2) f (0)=1 f (2)=5. -

(0,2),
f()=2.
x (-2,2). f (-2)=-2 f (2)=2,
x
5
x 2 + 4x + = 0
3 2
17.63 f-
[-2,2] f (x)1
17.57 :

:
) 1(-2,0)2(0,2)-
R
(2,3).
,:
17.58 :
) f(0)=0.
4x +6x 4(+1)x+=0
0(0,1).
17.64 f:[,]R,

(,).-
x +x +3x+=0

2+f(0)=2f(1)2f(0)=2f(2)
[,]-
17.59 :
3
5 1 3
< +

18 2 36
R R.
(,),:
f () =
17.60 :
f(x)=3xg(x)=-x2+3x+1
) CfCg
(0,1)(1,3).
) CfCg-
1
1

+

17.65 f:RR
:
f (x) f (y) (x y)4
.
x,yR.
17.61 f:RR -
xR.
f(1)=13f(3)=7.-
) f,:
Cf-
) f (x) = 0
f(2003)=2004
155
17.66 f:RR ) f.

:
) f.
f(y)(xy)2f(x)f(y)+(xy)2
x,yR.
) f-
.
) f(2003)=2004,
f(x).
) =(1,+),f().
17.70 :
f(x)=2x3+x2+6x+5,R
f
.

17.67 f,g:RR 17.71 f,g:RR
f(0)=0,f(0)=1f(x)+f(x)=0
xR,:
g(0)=1,g(0)=0
g(x)+g(x)=0
xR.:
) :
h(x)=(f(x)x)2+(f(x)x)2

(x)=(g(x)+x)2+(g(x)x)2
,
f(1)=g(1)f(x)<g(x)
xR.:
) f(x)>g(x)x(-,1),
) f(x)<g(x)x(1,+).
17.72 :
) x2+x+lnx=2
) ex+e2x=2
17.73 -
:
) f (x)=x g(x)=x.
17.68 -
f:RR,xR,:
f(0)=1

f(x)[f(x)2f(x)]=0
xR.

g(x)=e-xx3+3
17.74 ) :
ex =
x2
+ x +1
2
) :
17.69 :
f (x) =
f(x)=ex+2x+3
4x + 5

x2 1
156
ex >
x>0.
x2
+ x +1
2
17.75 :
f (x) =
17.79 :
f(x)=x+(1)x2+1
x

2
x 1
) f-
:
.
) f,
) f(x)=0.
) f.
) f(x)0.

17.76 f:RR ) 0<<1, :
,:
A = lim f (x) B = lim f (x)
2f(x)=[1+f(x)]xxR
f(0)=f(0)=1f(1)=3:
) f,
x +
) f(x).
17.80 :
f (x) =
) f.
17.77 f,g:RR-
[f (x)g(x)][f (x)g(x)]=0,

x R. f (0)=1
g(0)=0, :
) [f (x)g(x)] =1,

) f (x)=g(x)+1 x R
f(x)=g(x)1xR.
17.78 :
f (x) =
1
2(x 35)2 + 750
x
) :
f (x) = 2
lnx
,x>0
x
) f-
.
f;
) e>e.
) exxex>0.
3200
,x0
x2
) f-
.
) f.
) +1 > ( + 1)

e.
) xx x>0, -
=e.
17.81 :
f:RR
f(x)>0:
(f(x)ex+1)(f(x)+ex1)=0
xR.f(x).
17.82 :
f(x)=(2x28x)lnxx2+8x+2
157
) f-
:
.
) :
) f.
17.83 f:RR

:
2f3(x)+3f2(x)+6f(x)=
g(x)=f(1+x)f(1x)2x
,
) f(1)=1.
17.88 :
=2x3+3x2+6x+5
x R. f-
R,f-
.
f(x)=-x3+12x4
) f.
) -
f(x)=0.
17.84 ,>0, x+x2 ) f.

xR.=1.
) f.
17.85 :
17.89 N* 2,
f:RR
f 3(x)+3f (x)=x3+3x
xR.
) f-
.
) f (x).
17.90
-
2,5cm3cm
.
17.86 :
2
2(x+1)>2+2x+(1)x2
270cm2.-
x0:
f (x)=3( 1)x +4x +12x +12x+2,
) x-
R
,(x)
,f (-1)
x.
f.
) ,
17.87 :
f:RR
:
f(1+x)f(1x)2xxR
158
.
17.91

,.
-
17.93 :
f (x) =
x 4 x 3 x 2
+
+ x +
12
6
2
,,R.,
,-
f.
.
17.94 :
f(x)=x3(++3)x2+(+4)x+1
,
f (1)f
(2,f(2))Cf.
17.95 :

-
30.
)
f(x)=6x2(lnx1)2x3+3x2+2002
) :
g(x)=lnx+1-x
) f.
-
17.96 f:RR
-
.:
.
[f(x)]3+3f(x)=x33x+2
) -
xR,:
.
) f,
) -
) Cf,
.
) f.
17.92 :
f (x)=x 9x +12x(lnx1)+22

) f (x).
17.97 :
f (x) =
x 2 + x + 3

x+
) f.
,,-
) ,,
Cf:
Cf.
x=2y=3x+5
159
17.98 :
17.102 f:RR
( + 1)x 2 2x + 3

3x 2
():2xy+=0.
:
,()
) f(0).
f (x) =
Cf +.
exf(x)+x=1+(x+1)f(x)
) ex=x+1.
) f(x).
17.99 f (x) +
():y=3x2,
:
f (x) + xf (x) 3x 2 + x + 3
A = lim

x +
2f (x)(x + 1) 6x 2 + 5
17.103 f
x0=0,f(0)=0f(0)=1.-
:
x xe x

x 0
x2
) A = lim
17.100 f:RR ) B = lim xf (x)

+ ():y=3x+4,
R ,:
lim
x +
f (x) + 6x
= 1
xf (x) 3x 2 + 5x + 2
x 0
x xe x
17.104 f:RR-
:
ef(x)+f(x)=xx+1

17.101 f x R.
RR.,-
) f(0)=0.
DeLHospital,:
) f (x)
0
f (x) f () 0
f () = lim
==
x
x
[f (x) f ()]
= lim
= lim f (x)
x
x
(x )
:
A = lim
x 0
f (x)

x4
:
f x=.

-
f.-
;
160
) :
17.105 f:RR-
lim f (x) = f ()
f(x)f(x).
f3(x)+3f(x)=3ex3x-3
xR.
) lim f (x).
x 0
) f-
.
17.109 :
f (x) =
) :
A = lim
x 0
f (x)

x
f (x) =
) f(x).
(x + 1)
) f(x)
.
17.107 :
f (x) =
x2 + x + 2

x 1
3
2
) :
f (x) = 3
.
6x2lnx=2x3+3x26x+1
) f-
.
) f-
) :
x 3 + 3x
2
17.106 :
2x 3 + 3x 2 6x + 1

x2
x2 + 1
) :
) f(x)=0.
f (x) = 6lnx
x2 1
1 x2
(x 2 + 1)2 x 2 + 1
) f
Cf.
) f.
)Cf.
) f.
17.110 :
f(x)=x+1+ln(x2+1)e-x
) f.
) f(x).
) f.
) f-
17.108 :
.
f (x) = x +
2 3x

x2
) f.
) -
:
3
x x 3x+2=0
R.
) :
ex[x+1+ln(x2+1)]=1
) A = lim f (x).
x +
17.111 :
f(x)=ex1ln(1+x)
) f.
161
) f-
17.112 f:
f(x)=6x+4
.
) f.
) lim f (x) -
xR.Cf
(1,5):
x 0
f.
) :
1+ln(1+x)=ex
) x>-1 -
:
ex1+ln(1+x)
:x+7y+10=0
f.
17.113 -
x+2
x0.
x +1
f,Cf-
fx
(0,2).
17.114 :
17.117

) A = 2 x dx, x ,
2 2
f:RR:
f(0)=2(1)
) B = 2 x dx, x (0, )
17.115 f:RR*, -

R.-
Ff,
CF
:y=2004.
17.116 :
f: *+
f (x)=2f (x) f
x0=02.-
f.
162

f (x)f (x)=ex(ex+1)
xR.
) :
f2(x)=(ex+1)2
) f.
17.118 :
) A = x 2 lnx dx
) B = ln(x + 2)dx
) =
lnx
2 x
dx, x > 0
17.119 f, 17.123 :

R.-
x
g(x)=(f (x)+f (x))e , x R. :
g(x)dx = ( f (x) + f (x) ) e
dx =
= f (x)e x dx + f (x)e x dx =
= f (x)ex dx + f (x)ex f (x)(ex )dx =
= f (x)ex dx + f (x)ex f (x)ex dx = f (x)e x
:
g(x)dx = f (x)e
(1)
g(x)dx -
g,:
g(x)dx = f (x)e
+c
(1)-
c;
) A = x ln(1 + x)dx, x (0, )

) B = (x + 1) xdx
) = e x dx
17.124 :
) I1 =
2x + 3
dx, x > 1
x + 3x + 2
) I 2 =
x 3 + 4x 2 + 8x + 6
dx, x < 2
x 2 + 3x + 2
17.125 :
) A =
3e2x 4e x
dx, x > 1
e2x 3e x + 2
) B = e x 1 + e x dx
17.126 f:RR-
x
17.120 : xxe-2xxR.

) A =
2x
dx, x (0, )
1 2x
) B = x ln(2 + x)dx
17.121 :
) A =
lnx
dx
x2
2x

) B =
dx, x ,
1 + 2x
2 2
f(0)=-1,f.
17.127 :
x
g(x) = (x t)f (t)dt
ff(x)>0
xR.
) g(x).
) g.
x2
4
3
17.122 I = ln xdx, : 17.128 1 tf (t)dt = x + 2x 3 -
+-1=xlnx
xR,f(1).
163
17.129 :
17.135 :
f:(0,+)R
4
8
C1: y = x 2 + x
9
3
xf (x) = lnx + 1 + f (t)dt x>0.

1
5
10
C2: y = x 2 + x
9
3
17.130 :
) A = 4
0
x
dx
2 x
)
xx.
) B = x x + 1
0
17.131 :
) A =
e2
lnx
4
0
) -
) B = x dx
.-
17.132 :
A=

xx.
dx
) -
2x 4 x 3 16x 2 9
dx
x 3 9x
C1C2.
.
17.136 f.
x
17.133 f (x) = 2 et dt, ) :
1
2
:
1
I = f (x)dx
0
I = x dx, *
) :
1
I 2
I =
1
>2.
) 5.
164
xf (x)dx =

f (x)dx
2 0
) :
I=
17.134 :
4
0
xx
dx
3 + 2 x
17.137 f-
,f(0)=0f(0)=1,
:
A = lim
x 0
x
0
xf (t)dt
x x
17.138 f :

R:
x
1

tf (t)dt = f (x) f (t)dt

x
x R Cf-
(2,1),f.
17.139 :
2
f (x)=- x +4x
(3,f(3)).
Cf.:
) .
) -
,Cfxx.
17.140
:
x2+y2=8
1
y = x2
2
17.141 :
f: *+ (0, + )
:
f (x) = x 2 f (x) f (1) =
2004

e
) f:
f (x) = 2004e
1
x
) -
-
:
f (x )

x2
xxx=1x=2.

g (x ) =
165

18.1.4 f
x0=0:
18.1.1 :
z2+z+=0,,R
1,:
) = 1,
lim
x3
) :
x 0
) 2,
) z 2 + z + = 0
) lim f (x).
18.1.2 :
x 0
f,g:RR
) Cf
:
.
) f(xy)+x+y=xy+f(x)+f(y)-
x,yR,
) g(xy)+g(x)+g(y)=xy+x+y+3
x,y R.
18.1.3 f:RR
:
f2(x)+2x2xf(x)+1
xR.
) f(1).
) f
x0=1.
166
x =7
lim x 2 = 0
x 0
x
1.
f (x) x 2 1
) f(0)=0.
18.1.5 f:RR-
x1=2.:
f (x 3 + 1), x < 1
g(x) =

f (2x), x 1
x2=1,-
:
) lim
g(x) g(1)
= 3f (2)
x 1
) lim+
g(x) g(1)
= 2f (2)
x 1
x 1
x 1

) f (2)=0
18.1.6 :
2
x + ( + 1)x + + 1

x +1

x+2

g(x) =
x
-
x=1.
f (x) =
) +=3.
) CfCg-
,:
=-11
) .
) :
4x3+18x+=21x2

(1,2)R,
) :
x4+2x3+3x2x+=0
-
,R,
) :
4x3+3(1)x2+2x=+
(0,1)-
,R.
18.1.7 f:RR- 18.1.9 :

:
f (x +x+1)=7x -x

x R.
) f(3).

) f (3)=5.
)
Cf3.
18.1.8 :
) A =
lnx
dx
x2
) B =
lnx
x
dx
) = x ln(1 + x)dx
) = (lnx)dx
18.1.10 f:RR-
.:
g(x) =
x+2
x
f (t)dt + 2004, x
) :
) f(0).
x 3 5x 2
+ 4x + = 0
3
2
(2,3)
R,
) g(x).
) g.
) g.

167
18.2.1 ,:
= = 1 + + 1 =
) ++=1.
)
.
18.2.2 f:RR
(f f )(x)=x29x+25
xR.:
) f(5)=5,
) Cf :y=x
,
) f11.
18.2.3 f:RR
lim
h 0
f (2 + h)
=3
h
) f(2)=0.
f (x)
) A = lim
.
x 2 x 2
18.2.4 Cf-
f:RR
:
x 0
) lim
x 0
f (x)
= 2
x
) Cf(0,0)
y=-2x.
18.2.5 f:RR
f (x)xx2f (x1)+x
xR.
) f(x)=x2+x
xR.
) :
1
y=
2

Cf.:
i) 2 2
:
lim
f (x) + 4xf (x)

=4
x2
:
2
f (x) + 2x
) lim
=0
x 0
x
168
1
= 0,
2
ii)
Cf,
iii)-
.
18.2.6 f:RR-
Cf
f(f(x)+y)+f(xy)=1
x,yR.Cf
(1,2),:
) f(x)=-1
xR,
) f,
) ff.
18.2.7 :
) :
) :
x 3 5x 2
+ 4x + = 0
3
2
(2,3),

R,
2x
x 2 x 2 + 3x 2
;
) -
x=-x.
18.2.9 :
) :
3
4x +18x+=21x

(1,2)R,
) :
x4+2x3+3x2x+=0

,R,
) 4x +3(1)x +2x=+
(0,1)-
,R.
) A =
1 + x + 2 x
dx, x ( , )
1 + x
) B =
(x + x)x

dx, x ,
2
x
2 2
) =
2 x

dx, x 0,
2x + 2x
2
) =
2x
dx
1 + 2 x
18.2.10 :
f:RR
18.2.8 :
f(x)=x+x,>1
) f-
.
:
x
) x + e x t f (t)dt = xe x f (x)
0
xR
x
) f.
) 6xf (x) 6 f (t)dt = 4x 3 + 3x 2 + 11
18.3.1 z,:

)
z5 = z
-
) z .
.
) :
18.3.2 f,g:RR
z5 = z
:
169
(fg)(x)=x21
) f(x)=x2+x.
xR.
) fg,
fg
.
) fg 11 -
fg 11.

)
fg.
18.3.3 f:RR -

x0=0 x R
:
f3(x)xf2(x)x2f(-x)=x2x
) f(0).
f (x)
) lim
.
x 0 x
) f(0)=1.
18.3.4 :
f(x)=x33x2+2x+1
-
Cff,:
) :
:x+11y+17=0
) :
:x+y2004=0
) (3,7).
18.3.5 f:RR
:
f(x2)x23x+2f(x3)+2x-4
xR.
170
i) ()Cf-
R.
ii) Cf-
.
iii)-
) ()-
1
M , 0 . -
2
:
,R,
:
1
y=
2
18.3.6 :
1
x +1 1
< ln
< x>0
x +1
x
x
)

) e < < e

,>0<.
18.3.7 f(x)=x5+x3.
) f-1:RR.
) :
f-1(x2+x3)<1
18.3.8 f:RRf(0)=1
f(x)f(x)=xxR.
) :
f2(x)=x2+1
) f.
) f-
.
18.3.10 :
) f.
R.
) Cf.
) f.
f(x)=x48x3+22x224x+
18.3.9 f ) f.

) :
[,].:
) x(,)1,2(,)
,:
f(x) f()
f() f(x)

f (1 ) =
f (2 ) =
x
x
f(x) f() f() f(x)

<
x
x
)
A = lim f (x) = lim f (x)

x
x +
)
,=f(1),=f(2),=f(3)
R.
)
f(x)=0-
.
x(,).
18.4.1 ,-
,
,
.:

18.4.3 f:RR
:
f (x)x x 2 x 4
) = ,
xR.f
x0=0,:
) .
) lim f (x) = 0,

x 0
18.4.2 f,g:RR
) f(0),
:
) f(0)=1.
(gf)(x)=x+2

18.4.4 f
x R.
x=f()=2.:
) f.
f ( + 2h) f ()
= 4
h
f ( h 2 ) f ()
=0
) lim
h 0
h
) :
f(x27x+6)=f(x1)
) lim
h 0
171
f ( + 2h) f ( h 2 )
= 4
) lim
h 0
h 2h
18.4.5 :
f(x)=5x2g(x)=-x2+8x-19
f(f(x)+y)=f(x+y)+2-
x,yR.f(x2)f(2x1),:
) f,
) f(x)=x+f(0),
) CfCg-
) f(x)=x+2,
.
) CfCg ,
) Cf
g(x)=lnx+3.
(,f())Cg
(,g()).
18.4.8 f[,]
i) f()=g().
(,). -
ii) :
:
f()f()=g()g()
) ,(,),:
iii).
18.4.6 :
32
f (x) = x 2 + 2 +
x

2
g(x)=-x ++16
R.
)
Cf Cg.
) CfCg-
f () + f () = 2
f () f ()
) (,),:
2f()=f()+f()
18.4.9 f:RR-
f(x)f(-x)=1xR.
f(0)=1,:
) f(x)f(-x)=1xR,
) f(x)=exxR,
.
) Cf:y=x.
) R,-
18.4.10 0<<,:

.
18.4.7 f:RR

172
) 2ln
) ln
> 2 2
<
ln +
ln
2
+
+
18.5.1
f () =
f,:
f () f ()
) f(x)xf(-x)=x2+1xR
) f()=f()=,-
) f:R*R:
:
i) (,),f()=,
1
1
f (x) + 2f = 2 2x +
x
x
ii) ,(,),:
xR*.
f()f()=1
18.5.2 :
18.5.5 f:RR
:
f:RR
2
x

f (x)=2e f (x) x R.
f(x)=f(x)xR
) :
g(x)=f (x)-e
R.
) f.
18.5.3 f(x)=xlnxx.
)
Cf (1,f (1)).

)
,
R.
f (0)=f(0)=1
) :
h(x)=[f(x)+f(x)]e-x
.
) :
g(x)=f(x)+f(x)
) :
(x)=f(x)exe2x
.
) f.
18.5.4 f[,]
(,).
) f()f()=33,
(,),:
f()=32
) (,)
,:
18.5.6 :
f:RR
f3(x)+x3=3xf (x)1
xR.f
x=,:
) f(),
173
) f()=2,
18.5.9 :
) .
2
0
dx = 1
1 + x
2
)
)
ex x 1
1
0 ex (x + 1) dx = ln2 + e 1
) f (x).
)
) f(x)=0
.
1 + e x
0 1 + xe x dx = ln(1 + e)
)
18.5.7 :
f(x)=x5+5x4+10x3+x2+x+1

.
) 2>.
18.5.8 f:RR
,:
x
dx = 2ln2
1 x
18.5.10 f:RR,
,:
f (x 2h) f (x)
= 2f (x)
h 0
h
) lim
f (x 3h) f (x)
= 3f (x)
h 0
h
) lim
f (x + h) + 8f (x 2h) 9f (x 3h)
=
) lim
h0
h
= 12f (x)
f (x + h) 4f (x 2h) + 3f (x 3h)
=
h 0
h2
= 6f (x)
) lim
2
x
f (t)dt 4 x 2
xR.
) -
:
2
g(x) = f (t)dt + x 2 4, x
x
) :
f(2)=2

18.6.1 f:RR ) f (x)=f (x) Z x R.

f(x)+f(y)=f(x+y)
x,yR.:
18.6.2 f:RR
) f(0)=0,
:
) f,
) f(x)=f(x)N*xR,
174
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+3xy(x+y)
x,yR.f(1)=4,:
) f(0)=1,

)
2
) f (x) = 3x + 1
f(x).
xR,
) f-
) f.
.
18.6.3 :
) f.
x
f (x) = x + ln x ln(x)
2
x(0,).
) f(x)=xln(x).
):
2x3+3x26x+1=6x2lnx
18.6.6 :
f (x) =
) f-
.
lnx

x2
) f.
) :
x
x + ln = x ln(x)
2
) e x x 2e x>0.
2
) x x 2 x>0,-
=e.
18.6.4 f,g:RR
f(0)=1,f(x)g(x)=1f(x)g(x)=-1
18.6.7 f:RR-
x R. f-
f (0)=f (0)=0
,-
f(0)=2.
:
) lim
x 0
2
) [f (x)] =f (x),
f (x)
.
x
) f(x)>0xR,
) lim
) f(x)=f(x)xR,
) :
x 0
) f(x)=exg(x)=e-x.
f(x)=6x2lnx2x33x2+6x-1
) f ,f f .

)

f (x).
2 x + f (x)
= 1
x 0 f (x)ln(x + 1)
lim
18.6.5 :

f (x)
= 2.
x
18.6.8 f--
:y=2x+3.
f (x)
.
x x
) A = lim
175
) B = lim [f (x) 2x].

x
) ,:
lim
x 2 + 3 f (x) + 2x 2 + x + 3
= 4
x 2 f (x) 2x 3 + 2x 1
18.6.10 f:RR-
f(0)=0f(0)=2.
f (x)
.
x 0 x
) A = lim
) :
18.6.9 f:RR
.-
:
g(x) =
d
dx
( x f (t)dt )
x
) :
x
g(x) = (x t)f (t)dt, x

0
) g(x).
) g.
) Cg.
x f (t)dt
x 2 f (x)
0

B = lim
= lim
x 0 x x
x 0 x x
) :
x
1
x 2 f (t)dt = 12
0
x 0 x + 2x 2
lim
18.7.1 f:RR ) :

(ff)(x)=2xxR.
x
g(x) =

x
) f(1)=1.
) f11.-
(0,+),
f-1;
) =e.
) f-
R.
) :
f (x +x)=f (2x+2)
18.7.2 0<1:
x

x
x>0, N*. -

:
176
18.7.3 :
f(x)=3x4+4x3+44
,R.
) f-
.
) f.
) :
34+43+440
,,R.
18.7.4 -
y=f(x),
f[0,5]
(0,5).
f (x)e F(x) = 2xe x

+1
x R. F(0)=1, :
) F(x)=x2+1,
) f,
) CfCF,
) CfCF.

) f.
) f.
18.7.7 f
R.:
) :
2
0
)
f = 3
2
Cf.
f(0)=1,
18.7.5 f:RR-

[f (x) + f (x)] xdx = 2
) :
f()=1
, f (0)=2

x0=0-
0.:
f (x) , x 0
g(x) = x

0, x = 0
f (x)
.
x 0
x
) A = lim
f (x)
= 1.
x 0 x2
) lim
[ 4f (x) + f (x)] 2xdx = 2

0
f(0)=2.
18.7.8 :
) A = xln(x + 1)dx, x > 1
xe x
dx, x > 1
(1 + x)2
) B =
) g-
18.7.9 :
x0=0.
) A =
) g.
) g(x).
18.7.6 F-
f(x):
3
0
3
) B = e
0
) =
x+2
x +1
x +1
dx
dx
e2x
dx
1 + ex
177
) =
x +1
x x +1
) :
dx
lim f (x) lim f (x)

x 0
18.7.10 :
lnx
f (x) = 2
x
) Cf
xx.
) -
Cf,xx
:
x=1x=e
18.8.1 z
.
) zw.
) zw.
:
) f.
) f.
18.8.3 f:[0,+)R -

f (0)=0
f (x)>0 x>0.

) f(0).
) f.

1
f 3 (x) + f (x) + 2 = e x x 2 x + 1
2
xR.
) exx1=0.
) Cf.
) xx=2x+4,x>0
f:RR
x + 2x + 1

x2 + 1
.
) 2x+3x+4x=9x
) f-
18.8.4 :
18.8.5 :
18.8.2 :
f (x) =
f (x)

x
g(x) =
w:
z 3 w = wz 7 = 1
x +
) x>0, -

,f(x)=xf().
) f-
.
18.8.6 :
f (x) = xln ( x + x 2 + 1 ) x 2 + 1 + 1
) f.
) f
=R.
) :
) :
178
f (x) = ln ( x + x2 + 1 ) f (x) =
1
x2 + 1
) f-
.
) f
.
18.8.9 f:RR-
f(0)=1:
x
2x + tf(t)dt =
xR.
( f(t)dt) dy xx + 2
y
) :
x
xf (x) = f (t)dt + x xx
) :
xln ( x + x 2 + 1 ) = x 2 + 1 1
18.8.7 :
1
x
x 0
e + 2 x,
f (x) =

2
ln(x + 1) x , x > 0
x
) f,:
) x0 f-

.
) f(x)=x
x0.
) f.
18.8.10 f:RR*
f (x)=2xf 2(x) x R.
f(0)=-1:
=1
) f,
) :
.
1

x +1
) :
f (x) =
18.8.8 f:RR-
:
f (x 2 ) f 2 (x)

1

4
x R.
) f(0)f(1).
) f
.
) f
.
I = f (x)dx
0
x=y.
18.8.11 -
:
) f (x) = ln x +
) g(x) = lnx +
2

x2
2
4
2 x

x
x

179
18.9.1 =3+4i 18.9.4 :

z z + z = 50.
) z-
().
) z0 ,
.z0;
) wC w 2,
z w 3.
:
x4
= 12
x 0 x 2 + 2x 2
x x
=1
) lim
x 0
x2
x
e 1 x
2
) lim
2 x e x
) lim
= 1
x 0
x
x
) lim
18.9.2 f:RR
f (0)=f (0)=f (0)=2

f (x + y) f (x) = yf x +
2
x,yR.:
y y
y
) f (x + y) = f x + + f x +
2 2
2
x,yR,
x 0
x 2 1
x
x = 1
18.9.5 :
f (x) =
x2 + x + 2

x 1
) f-
.
) f
.
) f.
) Cf.
) f(x)=2+2xxR,
) f.
) f(x)=x2+2x+2.
)f.
18.9.3 :
f(x)=x4+2x3x+1
) f.
18.9.6 :
) ex-1=xlnx+1
) ex-11xlnx
) Cf.
18.9.7 F-
) Cf
f:RR:
.
f(0)=1f(x)F(-x)=1xR
180
:
) -
) F(x)F(-x)=1 x R,
.
) F(x)F(-x)=1xR,
18.9.10 :

-x
) g(x)=e F(x) -
f (x) =
R,
) ff(x)=ex.
18.9.8 fR:
8
4
f (3x)dx = f (4x)dx
)
24
12
) f(x)=x5+x.
18.9.11 :
f (x) = 1 + x
x[0,].
f (x)dx = 0,
) f-
.
) :
x
g(x) = f (t)dt
12
...-
[12,24],

) f.
:
e t + 5t 4
dt, x
x 1 + et
x
) (12,24) ,:
f()=0
) f.
) -
Cf,xx
x=0x=.
18.9.12 :
f(x)=x33x2+5x62+23
18.9.9 (2,-3) ) f.
-
2
) Cf.
x =4y.
) -
:
R,Cf-
) ,
.
181

19.1 z=x+yi, x,y R.

) +i:
z + 8i
w=

z +6
) xy,Im(w)=0.
) xy,Re(w)=0.
) ()
.
) .
).

)z-6(x,y)(-6,0).:
w=
z + 8i x + yi + 8i x + (y + 8)i [ x + (y + 8)i ][ (x + 6) yi ]
=
=
=
=
z + 6 x + yi + 6 (x + 6) + yi
(x + 6)2 + y 2
x 2 + 6x + y 2 + 8y + ( xy + xy + 6y + 8x + 48)i
=
(x + 6)2 + y 2
=
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y 8x + 6y + 48
+
i
(x + 6)2 + y 2
(x + 6)2 + y 2
) :
Im(w)=08x+6y+48=04x+3y+24=0
,(-6,0).
182
) :
Re(w) = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y
= 0 x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y = 0
(x + 6)2 + y 2
(1)
) :
x2+y2+6x+8y=0(x2+6x)+(y2+8y)=0
(x2+23x+9)+(y2+24y+16)=9+16
(x+3)2+(y+4)2=52
(1) (-3,-4)
=5.(-6,0)-
z,Re(w)=0.
) (1)(0,0).C
.
) C:(x+3)2+(y+4)2=52, (- 3,- 4)
=5, z + 3 + 4i = 5.
19.2 z - 1 = z - 3i , zC .

) z
x3y+4=0.
) (1,0)(0,3);
) z z .

) z=x+yi. :
z 1 = z 3i (x 1) + yi = x + (y 3)i
(x 1)2 + y 2 = x 2 + (y 3)2
x22x+1+y2=x2+y26y+9
2x6y+8=0x3y+4=0

().
183
) z 1 = z 3i (1,0)
(0,3)..
) z,
z 1 = z 3i , -
.
.:
=
1
= 3
:y=-3x
y=-3xx3y+4=0:
2
x 3(3x) + 4 = 0 10x + 4 = 0 x =
5
:
2 6
y = 3x = 3 =
5 5
:
2
z = (1 + 3i)
5
19.3 z z
+ z = 0.
) z .
) z 3 + z = 0.
) z1z2, z13
z 23 .
) A = z12004 + z 22004 .

3
) z + z = 0 z = z . :
3
z3 = z z = z z z 1 = 0
184
(z =0
z = 1)
) z = 0. :
z3 + z = 0 z3 = 0 z = 0
z = 1. :
z 3 + z = 0 z 3 + 1 = 0 (z + 1)(z 2 z + 1) = 0 (z = 1 z 2 z + 1 = 0)
=14=-3<0,:
z=
1 i 3
1 i 3
1+ i 3
z2 =
z1 =
2
2
2
) :
z13 =
3
1
(1 i 3 ) = 1 (1 3i 3 + 3i 2 3 i3 3 3 ) = 1 (1 3i 3 9 + 3i 3 ) = 1
8
8
8
z 32 =
3
1
(1 + i 3 ) = 1 (1 + 3i 3 + 3i 2 3 + i3 3 3 ) = 1 (1 + 3i 3 9 3i 3 ) = 1
8
8
8
z13 = z 32 = 1.
) :
A = z12004 + z 2004
= ( z13 )
2
668
+ ( z 32 )
668
= (1)668 + (1)668 = 1 + 1 = 2
19.4 z2+z+=0,zC ,-

z1z2.:
) ,
) z2+z=0.

):
z 2 = z1
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z1 = = 2Re(z1 )
R.
2
z1z 2 = z1 z1 = = z1 . R0.
) z2+z=0=2+4.20>0.>0,
.
185
19.5 z z z
7
= 1.
) z = 1.
) z zz.
) z 7 z 3 = 1.

) z 7 z 3 = 1. z = z , :
7
z7 z 3 = 1 z z
=1 z z =1 z
10
=1 z =1
z 0 zC.
) :
z =1 z
= 1 zz = 1 z =
1

z
1
) z = , :
z
3
1
z z = 1 z = 1 z 4 = 1 (z 2 1)(z 2 + 1) = 0
z
7
(z=1z=-1z=iz=-i)
.

.
19.6 z z - 2 - 2i = 3
2 .
) z.
) :
i)
ii)

):
z 2 2i = 3 2
186
z (2 + 2i) = 3 2,
z(2,2) = 3 2.
) C(2,2) = 3 2 :
C:(x2)2+(y2)2=18(1)
C.
i) -
z.
:
:y=x(2)
(2)
(x 2)2 + (y 2)2 = 18
(x2)2+(x2)2=18
(x2)2=9x2=3(x=5x=-1)
x=5y=5.
x=-1y=-1.
z=5+5i.
ii) z=-1i.
19.7 fR:
(ff)(x)f(x)=xxR
) f(x).
) f(0).

)f-1f11.:
f(f(x))=x+f(x)(1)
x1,x2Rf(x1)=f(x2).
187
:
(1)
f ( f (x1 ) ) = f ( f (x 2 ) ) x1 + f (x1 ) = x 2 + f (x 2 ) x1 = x 2
f11,f-1:f(R)R.
) (1)x=0:
11
f ( f (0) ) = f (0) f (0) = 0
19.8 f:R(0,+)g:R(-,0).
,Rf()=g()=,:
) <,
) R,f()+g()=2.

) f (x)>0 x R, =f()>0.g(x)<0

xR,=g()<0.<0<,<.
) h(x)=f(x)+g(x)2x,x[,].
h[,],.
:
h()=f()+g()2=f()+2=f()>0
f()>0<0.
h()=f()+g()2=+g()2=g()<0
g()<0>0.
h()h()<0.Bolzano(,)
,:
h()=0f()+g()2=0f()+g()=2
19.9 P(x).P(x)=x,
P(P(x))=x.
188

g(x)=P(x)x,xR.
P(x)=x , P(x)x0, g(x)0 x R.
g(x)(),-
. g(x)>0 x R g(x)<0 x R.
:
g(x)>0P(x)>xxR
P(P(x))>P(x)>x,P(P(x))>x.(P(x)>x
xP(x)..)
g(x)<0P(x)<xxR
P(P(x))<P(x)<x,P(P(x))<x.
P(P(x))=x.
19.10 f:RRf(x)(ff)(x)=1
xR.f(1000)=999,:
) R,f()=500,
) f(500).

):
f(x)f(f(x))=1(1)
xR.(1)x=1000:
f (1000) f ( f (1000) ) = 1 999f (999) = 1 f (999) =
1

999
1
, f(1000)=999
999
f(999)<500<f(1000).,
f[999,1000], f (999) =
(999,1000),f()=500.
) (1)x=:
f () f ( f () ) = 1 500f (500) = 1 f (500) =
1

500
189

()Bolzano
g(x)=f(x)500,x[999,1000].
19.11 f(x)R
:
f(x3+x+1)=7x3xxR
:
) f(3),
) Cf(3,f(3)).

):
f(x3+x+1)=7x3x(1)
:
f(x3+x+1)(x3+x+1)=21x21
(3x2+1)f(x3+x+1)=21x2-1
x=1:
4f(3)=20f(3)=5
) Cf(3,f(3)):
yf(3)=f(3)(x3)
(1)x=1f(3)=6.:
y6=5(x3)y=5x-9
19.12 fx0=1:
lim
x1
) f(1)=1.
190
f(x) - x 2
=7
x-1
) f(1)=9.
) Cf (1,f (1))
:x+9y+5=0.

)
f (x) x 2
= g(x). :
x 1
lim g(x) = 7 f (x) = (x 1)g(x) + x 2

x 1
(1)
fx0=1,:
(1)
f (1) = lim f (x) == lim (x 1)g(x) + x 2 = 0 7 + 1 = 1

x 1
x 1

f (1)=1.
) :
f (x) f (1) (1)
(x 1)g(x) + x 2 1
(x 1)(x + 1)
== lim
= lim g(x) +
=
x 1
x
1
x
1
x 1
x 1
x 1
lim
= lim ( g(x) + (x + 1) ) = 7 + 2 = 9
x 1

f (1)=9.
) ()Cf(1,f(1)):
:yf(1)=f(1)(x1)y1=9(x1)y=9x-8
:
=f(1)=9
1
=
9
1
= 9 = 1
9
()().
19.13 f(x)=x33x2+2x+1.-
Cf:
) x+y2=0,
) x+11y+12=0,
) (3,7).
191

) f (x)=3x 6x+2 x R. Cf

(,f()),:
=f()=326+2
//=326+2=-1326+3=0

22+1=0(1)2=0=1
:
yf(1)=f(1)(x1)y1=-1(x1)y=-x+2
) :
=-
1
=-1=11
11
=f()=326+2
:
=11326+2=113269=0
223=0(=3=-1)
=3:
1:yf(3)=f(3)(x3)y(2727+6+1)=11(x3)
y7=11x33y=11x-26
=-1:
2:yf(-1)=f(-1)(x+1)y(-132+1)=11(x+1)
y+5=11x+11y=11x+6
) (,f()).:
:yf()=f()(x)
y(332+2+1)=(326+2)(x)

(3,7)7(332+2+1)=(326+2)(3)
73+3221=9218+633+622
23122+18=02(26+9)=0(=0=3)
192
=0:
1:y1=2(x0)y=2x+1
=3:
y7=11(x3)y=11x-26
19.14 :
-x 2 + x -
, x < -1
f(x) =

x+1
x 2 - 2x - , x -1
) f x0=-1

:
++=0+=1
;
) ,fx0=-1.

)f x0=-1,:
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1)
x 1
x 1
:
f(-1)=+1
lim+ f (x) = lim+ (x 2 2x ) = + 1
x 1
x 1
x<-1 :
f (x) =
:
x 2 + x
x 2 + x = (x + 1)f (x)
x +1
lim ( x 2 + x ) = lim [ (x + 1)f (x) ]
x 1
x 1
-=0++=0(1)
++=0 (DeLHospital):
0
0
lim f (x) == lim
x 1
x 1
(x 2 + x )
= lim ( 2x + ) = 2 +
x 1
(x + 1)
193
:
2+=+1+=1
(1) =-1.
) fx0=-1,:
lim
x 1
:
f (x) f (1)

x +1
f (x) f (1)
(x 2 2x ) ( + 1)
x 2 2x 2 1
= lim+
= lim+
=
x 1
x 1
x 1
x +1
x +1
x +1
(x 1)(x + 1) 2(x + 1)
= lim+
= lim+ (x 1 2) = 2 2
x 1
x 1
x +1
lim+

f (x) f (1)
= lim
lim
x1
x1
x +1
x2 + x
( + 1)
x +1
x +1
0
2x + ( + 1) 0
2
= lim
== lim
=
x 1
x 1
2(x + 1)
2
:
-22=-=-2
=-2 =-1 =3.:

=-2,=3=-1
19.15 f:RR:
2f(x)+f(1x)=3x22x+4
x.
.:
) 2f(1x)+f(x)=3x24x+5,
) ff(x)=x2+1.
. Cf(3,9).:
) Cf,
) .
194
x2 + x ( + 1)(x + 1) 0
= lim
==
x1
(x + 1)2

.):
2f(x)+f(1x)=3x22x+4(1)
x1x:
2f(1x)+f(x)=3(1x)22(1x)+4
f(x)+2f(1x)=3x24x+5(2)
) (1)(-2)(2).
:
-3f(x)=-3x23f(x)=x2+1
(1),f(x)=x2+1.
. )(,f())Cf
,:
():yf()=f()(x)y(2+1)=2(x)(3)
()9(2+1)=2(3)26+8=0(=2=4)
(2,5)(4,17).
) (2,5),:
():y5=4(x2)y=4x-3
(4,17) :
():y17=8(x4)y=8x-15
19.16 f(x)=4x2g(x)=-x2+8x20.
) CfCg.
) CfCg.
) CfCg.

):
f(x)=g(x)4x2=-x2+8x20x=3
f(x)=-2xg(x)=-2x+8xR
f(3)=-6g(3)=2,f(3)g(3),CfCg
.
195
) Cf
Cg:
(,f())(,f())
:
():yf()=f()(x)

y=f()x+f()f()(1)
():yg()=g()(x)

y=g()x+g()g()(2)
(1)
Cf(2)Cg.
(1)(2),:
f () = g()
f () f () = g() g()
:
-2=-2+8=+4(3)
:
42(-2)=(-2+820)(-2+8)
42+22=-2+820+2282=224(4)
(4)(3),:
2=(+4)2242=2+88=1
=1,=5:
(1,3)(5,-5)
(1)((2))=1=5:
():y3=-2(x1)y=-2x+5
) :
3
E = (2x + 5) (4 x 2 ) dx + (2x + 5) ( x 2 + 8x 20) dx =

1
3
3
x3
x3
= x 2 + x + 5x 2 + 25x =
3
1 3
3
196
1
125
= (9 9 + 3) 1 + 1 +
125 + 125 (9 45 + 75) =
3
3
1 125
124 124 108 16

= 3 +
39 = 36 +
=
=
3 3
3
3
3
19.17 f(x) = g(x)=x2+x+,,R .

x
) , CfCg
x=1.
) ,CfCg-
.
) CfCg,

.

)CfCgx=1,:
f(1)=g(1)=1++=-1
) f(1)=g(1)f(1)g(1)=-1.
:

f (x) = = 2 g(x) = 2x +
x
x

f (1)=- g(1)=2+=21=1
:
f(1)g(1)=-1-=-1=1
=1=-1.
) Cf:
1:yf(1)=f(1)(x1)
y1=-1(x1)y=-x+2
:
E=
1
2 2 = 2 ..
2
197
Cg:
2:yg(1)=g(1)(x1)y1=1(x1)y=x
2.
19.18 f:
3f(x+1)2f(2x)=x2+14x5xR
:
) 3f(x)2f(3x)=x2+12x18xR ,
) 3f(3x)2f(x)=x218x+27xR ,
) f(x)=x2xR ,
1
) Cf A 1, -
4
.

)
3f(x+1)2f(2x)=x2+14x5(1)
xx1:
3f(x)2f(3x)=(x1)2+14(x1)5=
=(x22x+1)+14x145=x2+12x-18
:
3f(x)2f(3x)=x2+12x18(2)
) (2)x3x:
3f(3x)2f(x)=(3x)2+12(3x)18=
=(96x+x2)+3612x18=x218x+27
:
3f(3x)2f(x)=x218x+27(3)
) (2)3,(3)2:
9f(x)4f(x)=3(x2+12x18)+2(x218x+27)
5f(x)=5x2f(x)=x2
.
198
) (,f()),:
():yf()=f()(x)y2=2(x)
1
1
A 1, (AM) 2 = 2(1 ) 1 4 2 = 8(1 )

4
4
4281=0(4)
1212-
(4).( =64+16=80>0 ,-
.)(1)(2):
1=f(1)=21
2=f(2)=22
1
12(4) 1 2 = , :
4
1
1 2 = (21 )(2 2 ) = 41 2 = 4 = 1
4

(1)(2).
19.19 f:RR[,]
(,),f()=f()=.:
) (,),f()=,
) ,(,),f()f()=1.

) (,) , f ()=,
g(x)=f(x)x,x[,].
g[,]
g()=f()=g()=f()=
:
g()g()=()()=-()2<0
< . Bolzano, (,)
,:
g()=0f()=0f()=
199
) [,][,]
...
f,-
.:
(,),:
f () =
f () f ()

=
f () =
f () f ()

=
(,),:

f ()f () =
= 1

.
19.20 f(x)=4xg(x)=-x2+4x+1.-
:
) CfCg,-
x=0x=1,
) CfCg(,),
(0,1),
) CfCgx=0x=1.

) f (0)=1 g(0)=1, CfCg

x=0.f(1)=4g(1)=4,
CfCgx=1.
) CfCg(,),(0,1),
,:
f()=g()
200

h(x)=f(x)g(x)=4x+x24x-1
h:
[0,1]R,
(0,1)R,
h(0)=0h(1)=0,h(0)=h(1).
Rolle,(0,1),h()=0.:
h(x)=f(x)g(x)
h()=0f()g()=0f()=g()
) CfCg
x=, x= x=, (,
01):
f()=g(),f()=g()f()=g()
h(x)=f(x)g(x)Rolle
[,][,].(,)(,),:
h()=0h()=0
h,Rolle
[,](,),h()=0.:
h(x)=4xln4+2x-4
h(x)=4xln24+2>0
h()=0.CfCg
,(0,1)(1,4).
19.21 f:RR,f(0)=1,-
f(x)f(-x)=1xR .:
) f(x)f(-x)=f(x)f(-x)xR ,
) g(x)=f(x)f(-x)R .g(x);
) f(x)=f(x)xR .f(x);
201

):
f(x)f(-x)=1(1)
xx:
f(-x)f(x)=1(2)

(1)
f ( x)f (x) == f (x)f ( x)
)
g(x)=[f(x)f(-x)]=f(x)f(-x)+f(x)f(-x)(-x)=
=f(x)f(-x)f(x)f(-x)=0
xR.g.
g(x)=c.(1)x=0:
f(0)f(0)=1f(0)=1

g(0)=cf(0)f(0)=cc=1
) :
g(x) = 1 f (x)f ( x) = 1 f ( x) =
1
f (x)
(3)
x R. (1) f (x)0 x R.

(2)(3):
1
f (x) = 1 f (x) = f (x)
f (x)
:
f(x)f(x)=0f(x)e-xf(x)e-x=0
(f(x)e-x)=0f(x)e-x=cf(x)=cex
:
f(0)=1c=1
f(x)=ex.
202
19.22 f(x)=x42x35x2+x+1.
) f(x)=0 -
(-1,0)(0,1).
) 4x36x2+1=10x
(-1,1).
) Cf.

) f (x)=x42x35x2+x+1, Df=R. f-
[-1,0][0,1].:
f(-1)f(0)=(1+251+1)1=-2<0
f(0)f(1)=1(-4)=-4<0
Bolzanof [-1,0] [0,1],
f(x)=01(-1,0)
2(0,1).
) 1(-1,0)2(0,1),
f(1)=f(2)=0.f[1,2],
Rolle(1,2),f()=0.
:
f(x)=(x42x35x2+x+1)=

=4x36x210x+1
f()=0436210+1=04362+1=10
:
4x36x2+1=10x
(-1,1),(1,2)(-1,1).
) (-1,1),f()=0,Cf
(,f()).
203
19.23 f:RR:
f(x)=ex-f(x)xR
Cf,:
) f,
) f(0)=0,
) f(x)=xxR .

):
f(x)=ex-f(x)(1)
Cf:
f(-x)=-f(x)(2)
:
f(-x)(-x)=-f(x)-f(-x)=-f(x)f(-x)=f(x)
xR.f.
) (2)x=0:
f(0)=-f(0)2f(0)=0f(0)=0
) (1):
f (x)ef (x) = e x ( ef (x) )= ( e x ) ef (x) = ex + c

x=0:
ef(0)=1+cc=0

ef(x)=exf(x)=x

(1)xx:
()
(2)
f ( x) = e x f ( x) f (x) == ef (x) x
(1):
ex-f(x)=ef(x)xxf(x)=f(x)x2f(x)=2xf(x)=x
204
19.24 f:RR:
f(x)=2f(x)xR
f(0)=1f(x)>0xR ,:
) G(x)=lnf(x)2xR ,
) f(x)=e2xxR .

):
G(x) = ( lnf (x) 2x )=
f (x)
2f (x)
2=
2 = 2 2 = 0
f (x)
f (x)
xR.G(x).
) :
G(x)=clnf(x)2x=c
x=0:
lnf(0)=cc=0
f(0)=1.
lnf(x)2x=0lnf(x)=2xf(x)=e2x
xR.
19.25 f(x)R-
f(x+y)+f(xy)=2f(x)x,yR .f(0)=f(0)=1,:
) f,
) f.

):
f(x+y)+f(xy)=2f(x)(1)
xy:
f(x+y)(x+y)+f(xy)(xy)=(2f(x))f(x+y)f(xy)=0
205
x
xy :
2
f(x)f(0)=0f(x)=f(0)=1
f(x)=1xR.
) :
f(x)=1f(x)=(x)f(x)=x+c
f(0)=1c=1.f(x)=x+1.
19.26 f:RRxf(lnx)=x21
x>0.f(0)=2,:
) f(lnx) = x +
1
x>0,
x
) f.

)xf(lnx)=x21x>0.
xf (lnx) x 2 1
1
= 2 f (lnx) (lnx)= 1 2
2
x
x
x
1
1
( f (lnx) )= x + f (lnx) = x + + c
(1)
x
x
f(0)=2(1)x=1:
f(0)=2+c2=2+cc=0
:
f (lnx) = x +
1
x
(2)
) xR(2)xex>0.:
f (lne x ) = e x +
f(x)=ex+e-xxR.
206
1
f (x) = e x + e x
x
e
19.27 f:RRf(0)=0
1

x - ,
2
1+ x
2 2
) :
f (x) =

g(x)=f(x) x - ,
2 2
) :

f(x)=x x - ,
2 2

):
g(x) = ( f (x) )= f (x)(x)=
2 x 2 x
1+
2 x
1
1
=
2
1 + x 2 x
= 2 x
1
= 1
2 x

x = , .
2 2
) g(x)=1x,:
g(x)=(x)g(x)=x+c(1)
(1)x=0:
g(0)=cf(0)=cc=0

g(x)=xf(x)=x,x
19.28 f(x)=3x4+4x3(10+)x2+.f-
x0=12,:
) ,
) f(x),
) f,
207
) f(x)=0,
) f,
)f,
) 3x4+4x3+3212x2xR .

)Fermat:
f(1)=0f(1)=-2
:
f(x)=12x3+12x22(10+)x
f(1)=06+6(10+)=0=2
f(1)=-23+412+=-2=3
=2=3.
) =2=3:
f(x)=3x4+4x312x2+3,xDf=R
f(x)=12x3+12x224x=12x(x2+x2)
f(x)=0(x=0x=1x=-2)
f(x)
f(-,-2][0,1]
[-2,0][1,+).
) :
f(-2)=483248+3=-29
f(0)=3
f(1)=3+412+3=-2
) 1=(-,-2],2=(-2,0],3=(0,1]4=(1,+).
f1,2,34.:
lim f (x) = + lim f (x) = f (2) = 29, f(1)=[-29,+)
x
x 2
208
0f(1),f1.,
f1.
lim f (x) = 29 lim f (x) = f (0) = 3, f(2)=(-29,3]
x 2
x 0
0f(2),f2.
f(3)=[-2,3)f(4)=(-2,+),f
34.f
.
) :
f(R)=f(1)f(2)f(3)f(4)=[-29,+)
)f(R)=[-29,+)f-
y=-29.
) :
f(x)-293x4+4x312x2+3-29
3x4+4x3+3212x2
xR.

f
f:R
.
f(x)f(x)=0,
.
f(x)=0,
.ff
.
f (x)=0 .,

,.
209

f(x)=x24x+2xlnxx>0,:
Df=(0,+)
f (x) = 2x 4 + 2lnx + 2x
1
= 2x 4 + 2lnx + 2 = 2x 2 + 2lnx = 2(x 1 + lnx)
x
f(x)=0.f(1)=0.
:
1
f (x) = 2 1 + > 0
x
x>0,fDf=(0,+).
x=1f(x)=0.f(x)
:
x<1.f,:
x<1f(x)<f(1)f(x)<0
x>1.f,:
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0

f,:
f (x) =
g(x)

h(x)
h(x),f(x),g(x).
gg(x)..,
f.
19.29 f(x)=ex+x2x1.
) f(x)f(x).
) Cf(0,f(0)).
210
) f(x).
) f(x).
) f(x).
)ex+x2=x+1.
) ex1x(1x)xR .

)Df=R:
f(x)=(ex+x2x1)=ex+2x-1
f(x)=(ex+2x1)=ex+2xR
) f(0)=0,Cf(0,f(0)).
) f(x)>0xR,f
.:
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
) fR. f (x)<0
(-,0), f
(-,0].f(x)>0(0,+),f-
[0,+).
) f(-,0](0,+),
f(0)=0f.

x<0f(x)>f(0)
x>0f(x)>f(0)
f(x)f(0)xR.f(0)=0.
211
)
:
ex+x2=x+1ex+x2x1=0f(x)=0
f(0)=0f(x)>0x0.x=0
f(x)=0.
) f(0)=0,:
f(x)0ex+x2x10ex1x(1x)
xR.
19.30 f(x)=xx,0<<1.
) f(x).
2
) x - x 2 x +2 - (x + 2).
) x
-4
- x - 2 = (x 2 - 4) - (x - 2).

):
f(x)=(xx)=xln1<0
xR,ln<0.(0<<1,ln<0.)f
=R.
) :
2
x x 2 x + 2 (x + 2) f (x 2 ) f (x + 2)
x2x+2x2x20x[-1,2]
:
f()f()
) :
x
x 2 = (x 2 4) (x 2) x
(x 2 4) = x 2 (x 2)
f(x24)=f(x2)x24=x2
x2x2=0(x=2x=-1)
11(
).f(x24)=f(x2):
x24=x-2
212
19.31 ,0<1
.
x

x>0,
x

) g(x) = x -
, x>0.

) g(x) .
) =e.

):
1
1
x x x
x x x
x
g(x) = = ln = ln

x>0.
x
) x x>0,g(x)0.:

g() = = = 0

:
g(x)g()x>0
g()g.
) gx0=,
x0=.Fermat,g()=0.
:

g() = 0 ln

=0
ln=0ln=1=e
19.32 f(x) = lnx , x>0.

x
) f(x) .
) e>e.
213
) exxex>0.
) +1>(+1)>e.
) 2x=x2x>0.

)f=(0,+).:
lnx 1 lnx
f (x) =
= x2
x
f(x)=0lnx=1x=e
f -
f(0,e]
[e,+).
) >ef[e,+).
f () < f (e)
ln 1
< eln <
lne<lnee<ee>e
) ff(x)f(e)x>0.:
f (x) f (e)
lnx 1
elnx x lnx e lne x x e e x
x
e
exxex>0.
) e<<+1,:
ln ln( + 1)
>
( + 1)ln > ln( + 1)
+1
ln+1>ln(+1)+1>(+1)
f () > f ( + 1)
) x>0:
2 x = x 2 ln2 x = lnx 2 xln2 = 2lnx
ln2 lnx
=
f (2) = f (x)
2
x
(0,e]f,11.
f(x)=f(2)x=2
214
[e,+)f,11.:
f(2)=f(4)4(e,+)
:
f(x)=f(2)f(x)=f(4)x=4
x=2x=4.
19.33 f(x)=ex-1lnx1.
) f.
) ex-1=lnx+1.
) x+elnxx>0,=e.

)f=(0,+).:
f (x) = (e x 1 lnx 1)= e x 1
f (x) = e x 1 +
1
x
x
1
> 0 x
x2
f(1)=0
f,:
x<1f(x)<f(1)f(x)<0
f(0,1].
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
f[1,+).
f(1)=0f.
) :
ex-1=lnx+1ex-1lnx1=0f(x)=0
:
f(1)=0
x<1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
f(0,1].
215
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
f[1,+).
f(x)>0x1,x=1f(x)=0.
) g(x)=xelnx,x>0.g(x)0=g(1)x>0.-
Fermatg(1)=0.:
g(x) = x ln
e

x
g(1) = 0 ln e = 0 ln
h(x) = lnx
:
e
=0 =e
e
h(e)=0.=e
x
exe+elnxex-11+lnxf(x)0
,0f.
19.34 :
) xx=ee=(0,+)x=e,
) x+elnxx>0,=e.

):
x x = ee lnx x = lnee xlnx = e lnx =
e
e
lnx = 0
x
x
:
e
g(x) = lnx , x>0
x
:
e
g(e) = lne = 1 1 = 0, x=eg(x)=0,
e

.
216
g(x) =
1 e
+ 2 > 0 x>0.
x x
g(x), x=e -

.
) f (x)=xelnx, x =(0,+). -
f(x)0x>0.f(1)==0,:
f(x)f(1)(1)
x>0.(1)x0=1(-
)f(x).,x0=1-
=(0,+) f x0=1 (-
).Fermatf(1)=0.:
f (x) = x ln
e

x
f(1)=0lne=0ln=eln=e=ee(2)
,xx=ee(0,+)
x=e.(2)=e.
19.35 :
f(x) = ln
x+
x
lnx ln
2
x+
x+
>0.
) f.
) 0<<,:
ln
<
ln +
ln
2
+
+

)f=(0,+).:
x+
f (x) = ln
lnx
ln =
2
x+
x+
217
2 1 x+x
x 1
ln

lnx
+
=
2
x + 2 (x + )
x + x (x + )2
ln
1
lnx
1
ln
(ln lnx)
x
=
+
=
=
2
2
2
x + (x + )
x + (x + )
(x + )
(x + )2
f (x) = 0 ln
= 0 =1 x =
x
x
< 1, ln < 0. f

x
x

(0,]
x>
[,+).
) 0<<f(0,],:
f()<f()
ln
ln
ln < ln
ln
ln
2
+
+
2
+
+
ln
ln
ln < 0
2
+
+
ln
<
ln +
ln
2
+
+
19.36 :
f(x) = 2lnx - 2ln +
>0.
x
-
x
) f.
) f.
) >, ln
218
2 - 2
<
.

)f=(0,+).x:
f (x) =
2 1 2x 2 x 2
2 + x 2 2x
(x )2
2 =
=

x x
x 2
x 2
x 2
f (x)<0 x f x=. f

.
) :
x<f(x)>f()f(x)>0
x>f(x)<f()f(x)<0
f(0,)(,+).
) >f.
f () < f () 2ln 2ln +
2ln

<0

2 2
< ln <

19.37 f(x)=3x48x36x2+24x11.
) f.
) f.
) f(x)=0.
) f.

)xR:
f(x)=(3x48x36x2+24x11)=12x324x212x+24=
=12(x32x2x+2)=12[x2(x2)(x2)]=12(x2)(x21)
f(x)=0(x=2x=-1x=1)
219
f
f:
(-,-1]
[1,2].
[-1,1]
[2,+).
) f:
f(-1)=3+862411=-30,
f(1)=386+2411=2725=2,
f(2)=486424+4811=9699=-3f.
) :
lim f (x) = +, f (1) = 30 < 0
f(1)=2>0,f(2)=-3<0
lim f (x) = +
x +
, 1=(-,-1],2=[-1,1],3=[1,2]4=[2,+),
f:
f(1)=[-30,+),f(2)=[-30,2],f(3)=[-3,2]

f(4)=[-3,+)
:
0f(1),0f(2),0f(3),0f(4)
f1 ,2 ,34f
1,2,34-
.f(x)=0.
220

:
lim f(x), f(-1), f(1) f(2)
x -
.f.
) :
f(R)=f(1)f(2)f(3)f(4)=[-30,+)
(y=-30f.)
19.38 f:RR:
f3(x)+3f(x)=x3+3x+3ex-3
xR .
) f.
) f(x).
) f(x)=0.
) f(x).
) f.

):
f3(x)+3f(x)=x3+3x+3ex3(1)
x= f (x).f
x=, fR, x=
f(x),f()=0.(1):
3f2(x)f(x)+3f(x)=3x2+3+3ex(2)
(2)x=:
3f 2 ()f ()+3f ()=32 +3+3e
0+0=32+3+3e2+1+e=0
2+1+e>0.f.
221
) (2):
3f (x)[f 2 (x) + 1] = 3(x 2 + 1 + ex ) f (x) =
x 2 + 1 + ex

f 2 (x) + 1
f2(x)+10xR.
:
x2+1+ex>0f2(x)+1>0xR
f.
) (1)x=0:
f3(0)+3f(0)=0f(0)[f2(0)+3]=0f(0)=0
x=0f(x)=0.f-
(),-
.
) f=R,:
x<0:
f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0:
f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f (-,0) (0,+).
f.
) f=R,f,
.
19.39 :
f(x)=2+ex-1g(x)=2+e1-x
) fg.
) CfCgfg.
) x=CfCg,-
CfCg.
222

)fg=R.xR:
f(x)=ex-1>0,f.
g(x)=-e1-x<0,g.
) :
lim f (x) = 2, y=2Cf-,
x
f (x)
== lim e x 1 = +.
lim f (x) = + lim
x +
x + x
x +

Cf y=2.
R.:
lim g(x) = +,
x
g(x)
2 + e1 x
lim
= lim
== lim ( e1 x ) = .
x x
x
x
x
Cf-.
lim g(x) = 2, Cgy=2(+).

x +
f,, lim f (x) = 2 lim f (x) = +. -

x

x +
f f ()=(2,+). ,

g,g:
g()=(2,+)
) Cf Cg (, f ())
(,g()),f()g()=-1.:
f()g()=e-1(-e1-)=-e-1+1-=-1
.
19.40 f(x) = e
-1
, x>0,g(x)=xexex+1.
x
) g(x).
) f=(0,+).
223

) x R :
g(x)=(xexex+1)=ex+xexex=xex
g(x)=0x=0
g(-,0][0,+).
:
x<0g(x)>g(0)g(x)>0
x>0g(x)>g(0)g(x)>0
g(x)>0x0.
) x>0:
e x 1 xe x e x + 1 g(x)
f (x) =
= 2 >0
=
x2
x
x
g(x)>0x>0.f.
19.41 f:R*R,:
f (x) =
1
x0f(1)=f(-1)=2
x
) f.
) Cf.
) f.
) xxCf.
Cf,.

) f (x) =
,:
1
1
x0. = ( ln x ) R*-
x
x
ln x + , x < 0

f (x) =
ln x + , x > 0
224
:
f (1) = 2 ln 1 + = 2 = 2
f(1)=2ln1+=2=2
f (x) = ln x + 2, x=R*.
) :
f ( x) = ln x + 2 = ln x + 2 = f (x)
x0.f,Cfyy.
) f=R*.:
lim f (x) = lim ( ln x + 2 ) =
x 0
x 0
lim f (x) = lim ( ln x + 2 ) = +

x +
x +
ff()=R.
) y=Cf-
(,f())(,f()).:
f()=f()==-
yy.
Cf
,:
f()f()=-1f()f(-)=-1
1 1
= 1 2 = 1 ( = 1 = 1)
()
(1,2)(-1,2).
19.42 f,g:RR ,:

f(x)g(x)=x4xR
y=3x7Cf+.
225
) :
i) lim
x +
g(x)

x
ii) lim
x +
g(x) + 5x + 2x

xf(x) - 3x 2 + 1
) y=2x3 Cg

+.

)i) y=3x7Cf+,:
lim
x +
f (x)
= 3 lim [ f (x) 3x ] = 7
x +
x
(1)
f(x)g(x)=x4g(x)=f(x)x+4
g(x)
f (x) x + 4
4 (1)
f (x)
= lim
= lim
1 + == 3 1 = 2
x + x
x +
x +
x
x
x
lim
g(x) + 5x + 2x
f (x) x + 4 + 5x + 2x
= lim
=
2
x + xf (x) 3x + 1
x +
xf (x) 3x 2 + 1
ii) lim
f (x)
2x
+4+ 4 +
f (x) + 4x + 4 + 2x
x
x
x
= lim
= lim
1
x +
x +
xf (x) 3x 2 + 1
( f (x) 3x ) +
3+ 4 + 0+ 0
= 1
7 + 0
) y=2x3 Cg+,-

:
lim
x +
g(x)
= 2 lim [ g(x) 2x ] = 3
x +
x
g(x)
= 2, ()(i).:
x + x
lim
lim [ g(x) 2x ] = lim [ f (x) x + 4 2x ] = lim [ f (x) 3x + 4 ] =
x +
x +
x +
(1)
= lim [ f (x) 3x ] + 4 == 7 + 4 = 3
x +
,,y=2x3Cg+.
19.43 f(x)=2+ln(x1)g(x)=2ln(x1),
x>1,CfCg.
226
.:
) CfCg,
) fg.
. CfCg
.

.)fg=(1,+).
CfCgf(x)=g(x).:
f(x)=g(x)2+ln(x1)=2-ln(x1)
2ln(x1)=0x1=1x=2
CfCg(2,2).
) :
f (x) =
1
> 0, f.
x 1
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = +. f,f()=R.

x 1
x +
:
g(x) = [ 2 ln(x 1) ]=
1
< 0 x.g-
x 1
.
lim g(x) = + lim g(x) = .
x 1
x +
g,g()=R.
. fg
R,,
y=,
CfCg.
CfCg
,
(2,2).
227
(,f ()) (,g()) CfCg,

.f()=g()=.:
f()=2+ln(1)=1=e-2(1)
g()=2ln(1)=1=e2-(2)
CfCg:
f () =
1
1

g() =
1
1
:
f ()g() =
(1), (2)
1
1
1
1
1
=
==== 2 2 = = 1
1 1
( 1)( 1)
1
e e
CfCg.
19.44 :
f(x) =
x 3 - 4x

x2 - 1
) f.
) Cfxx.
) Cfxx.
) Cf.
) f.
)f-
f.
) x3x24x+=0,
R .

)x210(x1x-1).Df=R{-1,1}.
) Cfxx,
f(x)=0.
228
:
f (x) = 0
x 3 4x
= 0 x 3 4x = 0
x2 1
x(x24)=0(x=-2x=0x=2)
Cfxx(-2,0),(0,0)(2,0).
) Cf
xx,f(x)>0.-
,-
:
(-2,-1),(0,1)(2,+)
) xDf:
f ( x) =
( x)3 4( x)
x 3 4x
=
= f (x)
( x)2 1
x2 1
f.,Cf.
) :
x 3 4x (3x 2 4)(x 2 1) 2x(x 3 4x)
f (x) = 2
=
=
(x 2 1)2
x 1
3x 4 3x 2 4x 2 + 4 2x 4 + 8x 2 x 4 + x 2 + 4
=

(x 2 1)2
(x 2 1)2
f(x)>0xDf,f:
1=(-,-1),2=(-1,1)3=(1,+)
)f1,23.:
x3 4x
x3
=
lim
= lim x =
x x2 1
x x2
x
lim f(x) = lim

x
lim f (x) = lim

x 1
:
x 1
1
(x 3 4x) = +
x 1
2
f(1)=(-,+)=R
229
lim+ f (x) = lim+

x 1
x 1
1
1
(x 3 4x) = lim f (x) = lim 2
(x 3 4x) = +
x
1
x
1
x 1
x 1
2
:
f(2)=(-,+)=R
lim+ f (x) = lim+
x 1
x 1
1
x3
3
(x
4x)
lim
f
(x)
lim
=
= +
x +
x + x 2
x2 1
:
f(3)=R
,f:
f(Df)=f(1)f(2)f(3)=R
) :
x3x24x+=0x34x=x2x34x=(x21)
x=1 x=-1 ., x1
:
x 3 4x
= f (x) =
x2 1
f (1), f (2) f (3) R f
1,23
f (x)= 1 ,23 .
:
1(-,-1),2(-1,1)3(1,+)
19.45 fR
f2(x)xf(x)+x23=0xR .
) x=f,=-1=1.
) Cf.

) x= ffR,

f()=0.:
f2(x)xf(x)+x2-3=0(1)
230
:
2f(x)f(x)f(x)xf(x)+2x=0(2)
x=,:
2f()f()f()f()+2=0-f()+2=0f()=2
x=(1):
f2()f()+23=0(2)2(2)+23=0
323=02=1(=-1=1)
) fx=.f-
,f()=0.(2):
2[f(x)]2+2f(x)f(x)f(x)f(x)xf(x)+2=0
2[f(x)]2+2f(x)f(x)2f(x)xf(x)+2=0
x=:
2[f()]2+2f()f()2f()f()+2=0
[f()]2f()+1=0
,=14=-3<0.Cf
.
19.46 fR .:

) lim
f (x + 2h) - f (x)
= 2f (x) xR
h
) lim
f (x - h) - f (x)
= -f (x) xR
h
h 0
h 0
3f(x + 2h) + 6f(x - h) - 9f(x)

= 3f (x) xR
h 0
3h 2
) lim

f (x + h) f (x)
f (x + h) f (x)
= lim
=
h 0
h 0
h
h
lim
0.:
) lim
h 0
f (x + 2h) f (x)
f (x + 2h) f (x)
= 2 lim
= 2f (x).
h
0
h
(2h)
231
f ( x + ( h) ) f (x)
f (x h) f (x)
= lim
= f (x).
h 0
h 0
h
( h)
) lim
) f,R.:
lim f (x + 2h) = f (x) lim f (x h) = f (x)

h 0
h 0
:
3f (x + 2h) + 6f (x h) 9f (x)

h 0
3h 2
A = lim
0
. DeLHospital:
0
0
0
A == lim
h 0
3f (x + 2h)(x + 2h)+6f (x h)(x h) 0

=
6h
f (x + 2h) f (x h)

h 0
h
= lim
h,:
(f(x))=0,(x+2h)=2(xh)=-1
DeLHospital,
lim f (x + 2h) lim f (x h) f ,
h 0
h 0
.:
A = lim
h 0
f (x + 2h) f (x) + f (x) f (x h)

=
h
f (x + 2h) f (x) f (x h) f (x) (), ()

= lim
====
h 0
h
h
=2f(x)+f(x)=3f(x)
19.47 f(x)=ex1ln(x+1).
) f(x) Cf
yy.
) f.
232
) f(x).
) Cfxx.
) 1+ln(x+1)exx>-1.
)f(x).
) x1+ln(x+1)x>-1,=e.

) x+1>0x>-1. =(-1,+).Cfyy

f(0)=11ln1=0,(0,0).
) x:
f (x) = [e x 1 ln(x + 1)]= ex
1

x +1
f(0)=11=0.
f (x) = e x +
1
> 0 x.
2
(x + 1)
f,x=0-
f(x)=0.
f(x):
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0

(
f)f
1=(-1,0].
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0

f2=[0,+)f
2=[0,+).
) f f(0)=0(
)f(x).
) Cfxx,
f(x)=0.
233
:
f(0)=0,x=0.
Hf(x)(-1,0],:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
Hf(x)[0,+),:
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f(x)>0x0,x=0
f(x)=0.
) f (0)=0 f (x). x>-1
:
f(x)f(0)ex1ln(x+1)01+ln(x+1)ex
)1=(-1,0]:
lim f (x) = + lim f (x) = f (0) = 0
x 1
x 0
f1
:
f(1)=[0,+)
f(x)0x=(-1,+),f:
f()=[0,+)

f (2), 2=[0,+) , [0,),
R{+}.f(1)=[0,+):
f()=f(1)f(2)=[0,+)
) :
g(x)=x1ln(x+1),x>-1
:
g(x)0=g(0)x>-1()
g(0)()g(x).
234
x0=0=(-1,+)g

x0=0.
Fermatg(0)=0.:
g(x) = x ln
1

x +1
g(0)=0ln1=0ln=1=e
19.48 f:RRf(0)=f(0)=0f(x)<0
x0.f0.
) f.
) f.
) f.

)f x0=0,fx0=0.

f(x)<0x0f(R),
f.
:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
x>0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
f(-,0]
[0,+).
f.f-
:
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
f(x)<0x0fx0=0.f
.
) f(x)>0x<0f(x)<0x>0,
f(-,0][0,+).
235
) fx0=0,
Cfx0=0.
19.49 f:RR.
) :
g(x)=f(x)f()f()(x),xR
) f(x)f()(x)+f().
) Cf(,f())
Cf(-
).

)g(x) g(x)=f (x)f (). f
,f .g(x)-
(f()).:
g(x)=0f(x)f()=0f(x)=f()
f ,
11.:
f(x)=f()x=
:
g()=0
:
i) g,:
x<g(x)>g()g(x)>0

g(x)(-,].
x>g(x)<g()g(x)<0

g(x)[,+).
ii) :
g(-,].:
x<g(x)<g()g(x)<0
236
g[,+).:
x>g(x)<g()g(x)<0
g(x)(-,)(,+).
) :
f(x)f()(x)+f()f(x)f()f()(x)0g(x)0
:
g(x)=f(x)f()f()(x)
g(-,]
[,+ ).g()g(x).
:
g(x)g()f(x)f()f()(x)0f(x)f()(x)+f()

(...).
x=.
x>.[,x]f.
... (,x) -
,:
f () =
f (x) f ()
x
(1)
<<xf.:
(1)
< f () > f () f () >
f (x) f () x >

x
f()(x)>f(x)f()f(x)<f(x)(x)+f()
x< [x,] ...

(x,) ,
:
f () =
f () f (x)
x
(2)
237
:
(2)
< f () > f ()
>x
f () f (x)
> f ()
x
f()(x)<f()f(x)f(x)<f()f()(x)
f(x)<f()(x)+f()
f(x)f()(x)+f()xR.
) ,,
Cf
x.
():
f(x)f()(x)+f()(3)
:
yf()=f()(x)y=f()(x)+f()(4)
(3)(4)f(x)y
x=.Cf(,f())
Cf,,.
19.50 f:RRf(0)=0
f(x)>0x0.h(x)=xf(x)f(x),xR ,:
) f,
) h(x)R*,
) f(x)=xf(x).

)f(x)>0(-,0)(0,+)f-
x0=0,f.
f.
) h(x)=xf(x)f(x)R:
h(x)=[xf(x)f(x)]=f(x)+xf(x)f(x)=xf(x)
238
f (x)>0 x0,

:
h(x)<0(-,0)
h(x)>0(0,+)
hx0=0,h
(-,0] [0,+). h(0)=0
h(x).h(x):
x<0h(x)>h(0)h(x)>0
x>0h(x)>h(0)h(x)>0
h(x)>0x0.
) x=0f(x)=xf(x),f(0)=0.:
f(x)=xf(x)xf(x)f(x)=0
h(x)=0h(x)=h(0)x=0
h11.
f(x)=xf(x)x=0.
19.51 f:(1,+)R , f(x) = 2000 + ln(x - 1) .

c2000.y=cCf
(x1,y1)(x2,y2)x1<x2,:
) Cf,
) f,
) x1<2x2>2,
) Cf.

:
f (x) = 2000 + ln(x 1)

x=(1,+).
239
ln(x1)=0x1=1x=2
2000 ln(x 1), 1 < x < 2

f (x) =
2000 + ln(x 1), x 2
)x=1,:
=(1,+)
:
lim f (x) = lim ( 2000 + ln(x 1) ) = +
x 1
x 1
x=1 Cf.
) x(1,2):
f (x) =
x(2,+):
1
< 0
x 1
1
>0
x 1
fx0=2,-
f(1,2]
f (x) =
(2,+).
x0=2:
0
f (x) f (2)
ln(x 1) 0
lim
= lim
== 1
x 2
x 2
x2
x2
0
f (x) f (2)
ln(x 1) 0
lim+
= lim+
== 1
x 2
x
2
x2
x2
fx0=2,:
1
x 1 , x (1, 2)

f (x) =
1 , x (2, + )
x 1
) :
lim f (x) = + lim f (x) = +
x +
240
x 1
,1=(1,2]2=(2,+),:
f(1)=[2000,+)f(2)=(2000,+)
f12.
cf(1),(x1,y1)x11(
x1<2,c>2000)f(x1)=c.
cf(2),(x2,y2)x22f(x2)=c.

f12.
) f(x1)f(x2)=-1.:
f (x1 ) = 2000 ln(x1 1) f (x1 ) =
f (x 2 ) = 2000 + ln(x 2 1) f (x 2 ) =
1

x1 1
1

x2 1
f(x1)=c2000ln(x11)=c2000c=ln(x11)
x11=e2000-c(1)
f(x2)=c2000+ln(x21)=cx21=ec-2000(2)
:
f (x1 )f (x 2 ) =
1
1 (1), (2)
1
1
==== 2000 c c 2000 = = 1

x1 1 x 2 1
1
e
e
Cf.

. :
f.
f

.
241
....
. (x)(x):
g(x)=(x)(x),x.
g.
g()=0,.

.
gg(x)
g(x).
. :
f((x))f((x))
f.:
(x)(x),f,
(x)(x),f.
. ...:
:
A<
f () f ()
<B
f[,],...(,),:
f () =
f () f ()

<<f()
<f()<.[,][0,x]
(x>0)[x,0](x<0)[x,x+1],[x,][,x]..
...,
.
242
19.52 f: R R
xR f(x) e-f(x) = x 1.
) f(x) f(x).
) f(0) = 0.
) f .
) xR :
x
f(x) xf (x)
2

):
f(x)e-f(x)=x1(1)
:
f (x) + e f (x) f (x) = 1 f (x) [1 + e f (x) ] = 1 f (x) =
1
1 + e f (x)
(2)
1+e-f(x)0xR.
) (1)x=0.:
f(0)-e-f(0)=-1f(0)e-f(0)+1=0(3)
f(0)=yg(y)=ye-y+1,yR.:
g(0)=01+1=0,y=0,
g(y)=1+e-y>0yR.
g(y),y=0.,
(3)f(0)=0.

i) (3):
g(f(0))=0g(f(0))=g(0)f(0)=0
g11.
ii) y=0g(y)=0-
Rolle.
243
1<2g(y).
g[1,2],
g(1,2),
g(1)=g(2)=0.
,Rolle,(1,2),g()=0.
:
g(y)=1+e-y
g()=0e-=-1,
) :
1
>0
1 + e f (x)
xR,f.
f (x) =
:
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f(-,0)(0,+).
) x=0().[0,x],x>0,-
...,(0,x),:
f () =
:
f (x) f (0)
f (x)
f () =
x0
x
(4)
e f (x ) ( f (x) )
1
=
f (x) =
1 + e f (x )
(1 + e f (x ) )2
1
e f (x)
=
> 0
(1 + e f (x) )2 1 + e f (x) (1 + e f (x) )3
xR.f,:
=
e f (x)
(2)
0 < < x f (0) < f () < f (x)
(4)
1
< f () < f (x)
2
1 f (x)
1
<
< f (x) x < f (x) < xf (x)
2
x
2
244

f,:
0<<xf(0)<f()<f(x)0>-f()>-f(x)

e0>e-f()>e-f(x)1+1>1+e-f()>1+e-f(x)
(2)
(4)
1
1
1
1
<
<
< f () < f (x)
f ()
f (x)
2 1+ e
2
1+ e
1 f (x)
1
<
< f (x) x < f (x) < xf (x)
2
x
2
x<0,[x,0].

1
x f (x ) xf (x ) xR,:
2
1
x f (x) f(x)xf(x)
2
1
i) g(x) = f (x) x, xR.
2

:
g(0)=0 g(x) = f (x)
1

2
g(x)=f(x)>0

g.:
x>0g(x)>g(0)g(x)>0
x<0g(x)<g(0)g(0)<0
1 1 1
= = 0.
2 2 2
g[0,+)(-,0],

g(0) = f (0)
g(0).
:
1
1
g(x) g(0) f (x) x 0 f (x) x
2
2
xR.
245
ii) h(x)=xf(x)f(x),xR.:
h(0)=0
h(x)=f(x)+xf(x)f(x)=xf(x)
h(x)h(x)
(-,0] -
[0,+). h(0)=0
,:
h(x)0xf(x)f(x)0f(x)xf(x)
xR.
19.53 f:RR:
3f(x)+f3(x)=3x
xR .
) f(0).
) f(x)x.
) f.
) f(x)>0x>0.
) xf(x)<f(x)<xx>0.

.
):
3f(x)+f3(x)=3x(1)
x=0:
3f(0)+f3(0)=0f(0)[3+f2(0)]=0f(0)=0
) (1):
3f(x)+3f2(x)f(x)=3f(x)[1+f2(x)]=1
1
f (x) =
, x (2)
1 + f 2 (x)
246
) :
f (x) =
1
>0
1 + f 2 (x)
xR,f.
) f,:
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
) x>0xf(x)<f(x)<x:
f (x)
f (x) f (0)
< f (x) 1 <
< f (x)
(3)
x
x0
(2)...[0,x]-
1<
f(t).(0,x),:
f () =

f (x) f (0) f (x)

=
x0
x
f () =
1
1 + f 2 ()
(4)
(5)
:
f (x) > 0
0 < < x f (0) < f () < f (x) 0 < f () < f (x)
0<f2()<f2(x)1<1+f2()<1+f2(x)
(5)
(4)
1
1
1
>
1 > f () >

2
2
2
1 + f () 1 + f (x)
1 + f (x)
(2)
>
x
0
f (x)
1
f (x)
1>
>
1 >
> f (x) xf (x) < f (x) < x
2
x
x
1 + f (x)
1>
x>0.

h(x)=f(x)x,x0.:
h(x) = f (x) 1 =
1
f 2 (x)
1
=
< 0
1 + f 2 (x)
1 + f 2 (x)
x0.h[0,+),:
x>0h(x)<h(0)f(x)x<0f(x)<x(6)
247
g(x)=xf(x)f(x),x0,:
(2)
g(x) = f (x) + xf (x) f (x) = xf (x) ==
= x
2f (x)f (x)
1 + f 2 (x)
2xf (x)f (x)

1 + f 2 (x)
<0
x>0,x>0,f(x)>0f(x)>0.g
[0,+),:
x>0g(x)<g(0)xf(x)f(x)<0xf(x)<f(x)(7)
(7)(6):
xf(x)<f(x)<xx>0

f(x)<0x>0,f[0,+).
:
(3)
0 < < x f (0) > f () > f (x)
f (x)
> f (x) x > f (x) > xf (x)
x
xf(x)<f(x)<xx>0.
1>
19.54 :
f(x) =
x 3 + x 2 + 3x - 1

x2
) f.
) f.
) Cf.
) Cf.
) f.
)f.
) :
x3+(1)x2+3x1=0,R
248
) Cf,-
Cfx=1.

*
)f =R . :
x 3 + x 2 + 3x 1
3 1
f (x) =
= x +1+ 2
2
x x
x
3
2 x 3 3x + 2

1
=
+
=
x 2 x3
x3
f(x)=0x33x+2=0

(x1)2(x+2)=0
(x=1x=-2)
f-
(-,-2][0,+),[-2,0).
) :
3
2
f (x) = 1 2 + 3 =
x
x
6
6 6(x 1)

4 =
3
x
x
x4
f(-,0)(0,1][1,+).
) f(1,4)Cf.
) Cfx=0.

x 3 + x 2 + 3x 1
1
= lim 2 (x 3 + x 2 + 3x 1) =
2
x 0
x
0
x
x
lim f (x) = lim

x 0
x=0Cf.
:
f (x) = x + 1 +
3 1

x x2
3 1
lim [ f (x) (x + 1) ] = lim 2
x
x x
x
=0
249
y=x+1Cf-+.
:
f (x)
= lim [ f (x) x ] =
x + x
x +

y=x+ Cf.
lim
) :
f (2) =
11
lim f (x) =
x 0
4
:
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = +
x +
1=(-,-2], 2=(-2,0) 3=(0,+) -

f:
11
11
f (1 ) = , , f ( 2 ) = , f ( 3 ) = (, +)
4
4

f f ()=R.
)f-
.
) :
x3+(1-)x2+3x1=0x3+x2+3x1=x2(1)
x=0(1).(1):
x 3 + x 2 + 3x 1
= f (x) =
x2
f(x)=-
Cfy=.
250
:
11
, ,y=Cf
4
.
11
= , x=-2(0,1).
4
<
11
, + , ,>0.
4
) Cfy=x+1.:
f (x) = x + 1 x + 1 +
3x 1
1
= x +1 x =
2
3
x
:
1
1 3
1
E = 1 [ f (x) (x + 1)] dx = 1 2
x
3
3 x
dx = 3lnx + x 1 =
1
1
= 3ln1 + 3ln + 3 = 3ln3 2

1
3
19.55 f(x) =
x2 x
e .
x+2
) f.
) f.
) :
A = lim f(x) B = lim f(x)

x +
x -
) ,, lim f(x).

x -2
) lim f(x) .

x0

):
x+20x0x-2x0
:
Df=R{0,-2}
251
) :
3
3
3
x 2 x3 2x(x + 2) x 2 x3
x 2 x 3 x 2 + 4x x
3 x
e =
e +
e
e
e =
f (x) =
=
x + 2 x 2 (x + 2)2
x+2
(x + 2)2
x+2
3

x 2 + 4x 3(x + 2) x x 2 + x 6 x
=
e =
e
(x + 2)2
(x + 2)2
xDf.
f(x)=0x2+x6=0(x=-3x=2)
f:
(-,-3][2,+)
:
[-3,-2),(-2,0)(0,2]
3
x2
= + lim e x = 1, =+.
x + x + 2
x +
) lim
x2
= lim e x = 1, =-.
x x + 2
x
lim
) x<-2,x+2<0.:
2 1 x3
lim f (x) = lim x
e =
x 2
x 2
x + 2
x>-2,x+2>0.:
2 1 x3
lim f (x) = lim+ x
e = +
x 2+
x 2
x + 2
lim f (x) .

x 2
) :
3
lim
3
= , lim e x = 0. lim f (x) = 0 0 = 0.
x 0
x 0
x
lim+
3
= +, lim+ e x = +. :
x 0
x
x 0
x 0
252
3
x
3
= lim+
2 x 0
( ) = 3 lim e
e
lim x e = lim+
== lim+
x 0+
x 0 1
x 0
2
3
2 x
e x 32
x
2
3
x
( ) = 9 lim e
( ) 2
3
x
3
x2
1
x2
3
x
2 x 0+ 1
==
3
x
x 0+
= +
lim f (x) lim+ f (x), lim f (x) .

x 0
x 0
x 0
19.56 ,,:
P(x)=x3+x2+x+. ,,-
.P(x)
.;
:.

-
,.:
P(x)=3x2+2x+
,P(x)0xR.
:
=1.,:
P(x)=x3+x2+x+
=2,:
=4212=42122=-82<0
P(x)>0, P(x)-
.P(x).

f=R, lim P(x) = lim P(x) = + (>0),
x
x+
P(x) P(A)=R.
253
0 P(A), P(x).-
,P(x).
19.57 f:RR:
f(x+y)=f(x)ef(y)-y+f(y)x,yR
) f(0).
) R*,f()=0,f(x)=0
xR .
) f.
) .

):
f(x+y)=f(x)ef(y)-y+f(y)(1)
x=y=0:
f(0)=f(0)ef(0)+f(0)f(0)ef(0)=0f(0)=0
) f()=0,0.(1)x=:
f(+y)=f()ef(y)-y+f(y)f(+y)=f(y)
y=x:
f(+x)=f(x)(2)
(1)y=:
f(x+)=f(x)ef()-+f()f(x+)=f(x)e-(3)
(2)(3):
f (x) = f (x)e f (x) (1 e ) = 0 f (x) = 0

xR,01e-0.
) f(x)=0(1).
()fx=0,f-
R.
254
f(x)0x0.(1)y=-x:
f (0) = 0
f (0) = f (x)ef ( x) + x + f ( x) f (x)ef ( x) + x = f ( x)
(4)
(4)xx:
f(-x)ef(x)-x=-f(x)(5)
(4)(5):
f(x)f(-x)ef(-x)+f(x)=f(x)f(-x)ef(-x)+f(x)=1
f(-x)+f(x)=0f(-x)=-f(x)(6)
x0,f(x)f(-x)0x0.f(0)=0,(6)
x=0.f.
) (1):
f(x)=0
f(x)0x0.f,(5):
f (x)ef (x) x = f (x) f (x) (1 ef (x) x ) = 0 x

x0:
1ef(x)-x=0ef(x)-x=1f(x)x=0f(x)=x
f(0)=0,f(x)=xx=0.f(x)=x-
(1).,,
f(x)=0f(x)=x.
19.58 Ff:RR ,:

F2(x)F(x)F(x)xR ,0
:
) F(0)=F(),
) f(x)=0R .
255

):
F2(x)F(x)F(x)(1)
(1)x=0:
F2(0)F(0)F()
(1)x=:
F2()F()F(0)
:
F2(0)+F2()2F(0)F()[F(0)F()]20
F(0)F()=0F(0)=F()
) 0<.F[0,]F(0)=F().
Rolle,(0,),:
F()=0

F(x)=f (x) x R. f()=0.x=

.<0.
19.59 Ff:RR ,-

2F(x2)2+F2(x)xR ,0.:
) F(0)=F(1)=,
) f(x)=0R .

):
2F(x2)2+F2(x)(1)
(1)x=0x=1:
2F(0)2+F2(0)22F(0)+F2(0)0(F(0))20F(0)=
2F(1)2+F2(1)22F(1)+F2(1)0(F(1))20F(1)=
F(0)=F(1)=.
256
) F[0,1],F(0)=F(1).Rolle
F(0,1),:
F()=0f()=0
f(x)=0R,x=.
19.60 f:(0,+)R:
f(xy)=f(x)+f(y)+xyx-y
x,y>0.
.) f(1).
) f1,(0,+).
) f>0,(0,+).
. fx0=1,f(1)=2:
) f(0,+),
) f,
) I = f(x)dx.

.):
f(xy)=f(x)+f(y)+xyxy(1)
x=y=1:
f(1)=f(1)+f(1)+111f(1)=1
) fx0=1,:
lim f (x) = f (1) = 1

x 1
(2)
x0>0.:
lim f (x) = lim f (x 0 h) = lim [ f (x 0 ) + f (h) + x 0 h x 0 h ] =
x x0
h 1
h 1
(2)
= f (x 0 ) + lim f (h) + lim(x 0 h x 0 h) == f (x 0 ) + 1 + (x 0 x 0 1) = f (x 0 )

h 1
h 1
257
f (0,+).
x
=h
x0
:
x=x0hh1,
lim f (x) = lim f (x 0 h).
x x0
h 1
) f>0,:
lim f (x) = f ()
x

lim f (h) = f () lim [ f () + f (h) + h h ] = f ()
h 1
h 1
g(h)=f ()+f (h)+hh,:

lim g(h) = f ()
h 1

f (h)=g(h)f()h++h
lim f (h) = lim [ g(h) f () h + + h ] = f () f () + + 1 = 1
h 1
h 1
:
lim f (h) = 1 = f (1)

h 1
fx0=1,-
f(0,+).
. )
x0>0.
x
= h, x=x0h h1 xx0 . -
x0
:
lim
x x0
f (x) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 h) f (x 0 )
= lim
=
h
1
x x0
x0h x0
f (x 0 ) + f (h) + x 0 h x 0 h f (x 0 )
1
lim
=
h
1
x0
h 1
( f (h) 1) + (1 + x 0 h x 0 h) =
1
lim
h
1
x0
h 1
258
f (x) =
f (h) f (1) x 0 (h 1) (h 1)
+
lim
=
h 1
h 1
h 1
1
x0
1
1
1
[f (1) + x 0 1] = (2 + x 0 1) = + 1
x0
x0
x0
1
+ 1 x>0.
x
) :
f (x) =
1
+ 1 f (x) = (lnx + x) f (x) = lnx + x + c
x
x>0.:
f(1)=1ln1+1+c=1c=0
f(x)=lnx+x.
) :
I = f (x)dx = (lnx + x)dx = (x)lnx dx + x dx =

1
x2
x2
= xlnx x dx +
= xlnx x +
+c
x
2
2
19.61 f[0,],
f(x)dx = 2 F
f.
) F(0)F().
) (0,),f()=.

)Ff,:
f (x)dx = F() F(0)
:
f (x)dx = 2
F()F(0)=2,F(0)F()=-2.
259
) f()=g(x)=f(x)x,x[0,].
gG(x)=F(x)+x,:
G(x)=(F(x)+x)=F(x)x=f(x)-x
G[0,](0,).
:
G(0)=F(0)+1
G()=F()1
:
G(0)=G()F(0)+1=F()1F(0)F()=-2
().Rolle
G[0,](0,),:
G()=0f()=0f()=
19.62 ff(1)=f(1)=0.
) :
) f (x) =
1
0
f(x)dx =
1 1 2
x f (x)dx
2 0
6
, :
x +1
3
I = f(x)dx
0

).:
1
0
f (x)dx =
1
0
xf (x)dx = [ xf (x)] 0 xf (x)dx =

1
2
2
1 x
1x
x2
= f (1) f (x)dx = 0 f (x) +

f (x)dx =
0
0 2
2
2
0
1
1 1
1 1
= f (1) + x 2 f (x)dx = x 2 f (x)dx
0
2
2
2 0
260
) ():
1
I = f (x)dx =
0
2
1 3x
1 1 2
1 1 6x 2
x
f
(x)dx
=
dx
=
0 x3 + 1 dx =
2 0
2 0 x3 + 1
1
(x 3 + 1)
dx = ln(x 3 + 1) = ln2
3
0
0 x +1
1

:
I=
3x 2
dx
0 x3 + 1
1
x3+1=y,3x2dx=dy.:
I=
2
1
2
1
dy = ln y 1 = ln2
y
19.63 f:RR f(x) =
x
0
e t - f(t) dt
xR .
) f(x)ef(x)=exxR .
) f.

):
x
f (x) = e t f (t) dt
0
(1)
(1)x,-
f.(1)
:
f(x)=ex-f(x)f(x)ef(x)=ex(2)
) (2):
f (x)ef (x) = e x ( ef (x) )= (ex ) ef (x) = ex + c
(3)
(1)x=0f(0)=0,(3)x=0:
ef(0)=1+cc=0
ef(x)=exf(x)=xxR.
261
19.64 f(x)=(x1)lnx,x>0.
) f.
) f,.
) f.
) Cf.
) :
I = f(x)dx
)Cf ,xx
x=e.

)f =(0,+).:
f (x) = lnx +
f (x) =
x 1
x>0
x
1 1
+
> 0 x>0
x x2
f.:
x<1f(x)<f(1)f(x)<0
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
,f
(0,1] -
[1,+).
) x<1f(x)>f(1).
x>1f(x)>f(1).
f(x)f(1)=0x>0.f(1)=0f.
) lim f (x) = +, f0=(0,+),
x +
:
f()=[0,+)
262
) :
lim f (x) = +, x=0Cf.
x 0
lim f (x) = +, Cf.

x +
) :
I = (x 1)lnx dx =
x2
x2
x2
1
x
lnx
dx
=
x
lnx
x dx =
2
2
x
x2
x2
x2
x
= x lnx 1 dx = x lnx + x + c
4
2
2
)f(1)=0f(x)>0x1.
:
x (0,1) f (x)>f (1)f (x)>0, f-
(0,1],
x(1,+)f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0,f-
[1,+).
f (x)>0 x1.

f (x)=0 x=1. -
[1,e] f (x)0,
:
e
x 2
x2
E = f (x)dx = x lnx + x =
1
4
2
1
e
2
e 2
1
e2
e 3
= e + e + 1 =

4
4
2
4
19.65 y=f(x)R
:
x
2 e t f(t)dt = (e x + 1)f(x) - 4 xR

0
) f.
263
) f(0).
) f:
f (x) =
ex
f(x) xR
1 + ex
) f.

):
f (x) =
x
1
2 e t f (t)dt + 4
e +1 0
x
(1)
.
f.
) x=0((1))f(0)=2.
) :
2exf(x)=exf(x)+(ex+1)f(x)
e x f (x) = (e x + 1)f (x) f (x) =
ex
f (x)
1 + ex
xR.
) :
f (x) =
ex
f (x) f (x)(1 + e x ) = e x f (x)
x
1+ e
f(x)(1+ex)(1+ex)f(x)=0
f (x)(1 + e x ) (1 + e x )f (x)
f (x)
=0
=0
x 2
x
(1 + e )
1+ e
f (x)
= c f (x) = c(1 + e x )
x
1+ e
:
f(0)=22c=2c=1
f(x)=1+exxR.
264
19.66 f:RR:
g(x) = f(x - t)dt , x , <
) g.
) g()=g().
) (,),f()=f().

):
g(x) = f (x t)dt
xt=y.
dt=-dy:
g(x) = f (x t)dt =
x
0
f (y)dy
g(x) =
x
0
x
0
f (y)dy =
x
x
f (y)dy =
0
x
f (y)dy +
x
0
f (y)dy =
f (y)dy
f (y)dy
x
0
f (y)dy = f (x ) f (x ) xR
) g()=g(),:
f (y)dy
f (y)dy =
f (y)dy =
f (y)dy
f (y)dy
f (t)dt +
f (y)dy
f (t)dt = 0
(1)
t=-y,dt=-dy.
:
f (t)dt =
f ( y)(dy) =
f ( y)dy
f,f(-y)=f(y)yR.:
f (t)dt =
f ( y)dy =
f (y)dy =
f (t)dt
265
f (t)dt +
f (t)dt = 0
(1),
g()
=
g().
)
:
g()
=
g(),
[,
],
(,
).
Rolle,
(,
)
,
g()
=
0.
f(
f(
)
=
0
f(
)
=
f(
19.67 A =
e
1
lnx
dx.
(1 + lnx) 2
x - 1 x -1
e dx.
x2
) .
) A =

)
1
+
lnx
=
y.
lnx
=
y
1
x
=
ey-1.
dx
=
ey-1dy
A=
e
1
2 y 1
2 x 1
lnx
dx =
e y 1dy =
e x 1dx
2
2
2
1
1
(1 + lnx)
y
x
()
:
A=
2
1
2
x 1 x 1
1
e dx = (x 1)e x 1 dx =
2
1
x
x
2
2
(x 1)e x 1
e
x 1
x 1 1
x 1 1
dx =
=
+ 1 e + (x 1)e dx = + 1 xe
x
x
2
x
2
2
e
e
e
e
= + e x 1dx = + [ e x 1 ] 1 = + e 1 = 1
2 1
2
2
2
266
19.68 :
I =
2
1
(x - 1)e 2x -3
dx
(x - 1)e 2x -3 + 2 - x
) x=3y:
I =
2
1
(2 - x)
dx
(x - 1)e 2x -3 + 2 - x
) .

x
=
3
y,
:
dx
=
-dy
I=
2
(3 y 1)e2(3 y) 3
(2 y)e32 y
(
dy)
=
1 (2 y)e32y + y 1 dy =
2 (3 y 1)e 2(3 y) 3 + 2 (3 y)
1
2
1
2
(2 x)e3 2x
(2 x)
dx =
dx
3 2x
1 (x 1)e 2x 3 + 2 x
(2 x)e
+ x 1
e2x-3.
-
.
:
I+I=
2
1
2
(x 1)e2x 3
2x
dx +
dx =
2x 3
1
(x 1)e
+2x
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
2
1
2
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
dx = 1dx = 1
2x 3
1
(x 1)e
+2x
2I = 1 I = .
19.69 f:(0,+)R:
f(x) = e
f(t)dt
x>0
267
.:
) f(x)=-f2(x)x>0
) f(x) =
1
x>0
x
. Cf-
.:
) =,
) ,.

.)
f (x) = e
1 f (t)dt
(1)
x
>
0.
f (t)dt
-
1
.
,
(1),
,
:
f (x) = e
1 f (t)dt
( f (t)dt ) = e
1 f (t)dt
(1)
f (x) == f (x)f (x) = f 2 (x)
f(x)
=
-f2(x)
(2)
xR.
(1)
f(x)
>
0
x
>
0.
(2)
f (x)
1
1
1
(3)
= 1
= ( x)
= (x)
=x+c
2
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
f (x)
(1)
x
=
1
f(1)
=
e0
=
1
(3)
x
=
1
1
=1+ c 1 =1+ c c = 0
f (1)
1
1
= x f (x) = , x > 0
f (x)
x
268
. )
:
x2
x
>
0.
(,
f())
f (x) =
Cf.
f()
=
f()(x
1
1
= 2 (x )
y
=
0
x
=
0
1
1
= 2 (x ) x = x = 2,
(2,
0),
1
1
2
2
= 2 (0 ) y = ,
B 0, .
x A + x B y A + y B 2 + 0 0 + 1
,
,
=
= ,
2
2
2
1
1
2
E = OA OB = 2 = 2 ..
2
2
,
-
19.70 f(x)=x2(e-x2)g(x)=x2(x2ex).
) f(x)g(x)xR .
) f(x)=g(x).
) CfCgx=1.

)
R.
:
f(x)
g(x)
x2(e-x
-
2)
x2(x2
ex)
x2(e-x
x2
+
ex)
e-x
+
ex
x2
(1)
269

h(x)
=
ex
+
e-x
x2
2.
:
h(x)
=
ex
e-x
2x,
h(0)
=
0
h(x)
=
ex
+
e-x
2,
h(0)
=
0
h(x)
=
ex
e-x
h(x)
=
0
ex
=
e-x
x
=
0
h(x)
(-,
0]
[0,
+).
:
x
<
0
h(x)
>
h(0)
=
0
x
>
0
h(x)
>
h(0)
=
0
h(x)
>
0
x
0.
R,
.
:

x
<
0
h(x)
<
h(0)
=
0,

x
>
0
h(x)
>
h(0)
=
0.
(-,
0]
[0,
+).
h(0)
h,
:
h(x)
h(0)
ex
+
e-x
x2
(1),
f(x)
g(x)
xR.
(-,
0]
[0,
+).
:
x
<
0
h(x)
>
h(0)
h(x)
>
0
x
>
0
h(x)
>
h(0)
h(x)
>
0
h(x)
>
0,
h(x)
0
x
0.
h(0)
=
0,
x
=
0
h.
:
f(x)
=
g(x)
=
0
x2h(x)
=
0
x
=
0
270
Cf
Cg
(0,
-1).
f (x)
g(x)
x[0,
1],
E = [ f (x) g(x)] dx = [ x 2 ( e x 2 ) x 2 ( x 2 e x )] dx =
1
1
x 5 2x 3
= x ( e x + e x ) dx ( x 4 + 2x 2 ) dx = x 2 ( e x + e x )dx +
=
0
0
0
1
3 0
1
1
1 2
= [ x 2 ( e x + e x )] 0 2x ( e x + e x ) dx + =
0
5 3
1
1
1
13
= e 2 [ x ( e x + e x )] 0 + 2 ( e x + e x ) dx =
0
e
15
1
1
13
1
= e 2 + e + 2 [ e x + e x ] 0 =
e
15
e
1 2
2
13
5 13
= e 2e + 2e = e
e e
e
15
e 15
19.71 fgR:
f(x)g(x)=(x2+2x1)exxR
) h(x)=f(x)g(x),-
(0,-1).
) CfCg.

)
:
f(x)
g(x)
=
(x2
+
2x
1)ex
(1)
h(x)
=
(x2
+
2x
1)ex
h(0)
=
-1,
Ch
(0,
-1).
-
h(x) = (x 2 + 2x 1)e x dx = (x 2 + 2x 1)(ex )dx =
271
= e x (x 2 + 2x 1) (2x + 2)e x dx = e x (x 2 + 2x 1) (2x + 2)(ex )dx =
= e x (x 2 + 2x 1) (2x + 2)e x + 2e x dx =
= (x 2 + 2x 1 2x 2 + 2)e x + c = (x 2 1)e x + c
h(0)
=
-1
-1
+
c
=
-1
c
=
0
h(x)
=
(x2
1)ex.
)
:
f(x)
=
g(x)
f(x)
g(x)
=
0
h(x)
=
0
(x2
1)ex
=
0
(x
=
-1

x
=
1)
h(0)
=
-1
<
0,
:
f(x)
g(x)
x[-1,
1].
E =
[f (x) g(x)] dx = 1 (x 2 1)ex dx =
= (x 2 1)(e x )dx = (x 2 1)ex 1 + 2xex dx =
= 0 + 2x(e x )dx = [ 2xe x ] 1 2e x dx =
1
2
4
= (2e + 2e 1 ) [ 2e x ] 1 = 2e + 2e + 2e 1 =
e
e
19.72 fR<.:
f(x + t)dt f(x)dx
xR,:
) :
+x
+ x
f(t)dt f(x)dx xR
272
) :
g(x) = f(x + t)dt - f(t)dt
) g,
) f()=f(),
) f,R,:
f()=0

x
+
t
=
y.
:
dt
=
dy
f (x + t)dt =
x +
x+
f (y)dy =
x +
x+
f (t)dt
f (x + t)dt f (x)dx
x +
x+
f (t)dt f (x)dx
)
:
()
g(x) = f (x + t)dt f (x)dx ==
0
+x
f (t)dt +
g(x) =
+ x
0
+ x
0
+ x
+x
f (t)dt f (x)dx =
+ x
f (t)dt f (x)dx =
) (
f (t)dt
+x
0
f (t)dt
+x
0
f (t)dt f (x)dx
) ( f (x)dx )=
f (t)dt
=
f(
+
x)(
+
x)
-
f(
+
x)(
+
x)
=
f(
+
x)
f(
+
x)
xR.
g(x)
0
=
g(0)
xR.
g(0)
=
0
g(0)
-
x0
=
0,
Fermat
g(0)
=
0.
:
()
g(0) = 0 f () f () = 0 f () = f ()
273
Rolle
[,
]
(,
)
-
,
f()
=
0.
19.73 :
f(x) =
e t + t
dt xR
t
-x
1+e
x
) f(x).
) f(x)=x+xxR.
) f-1:[0,][0,].
) Cf Cf -1 -
x=0x==4..

)
:
f (x) =
=
x
0
t
x e + t
e t + t
dt
0 1 + et dt
1 + et
f (x) =
=
t
t
0 e + t
x e + t
e t + t
dt
=
dt
+
x 1 + et
0 1 + et dt =
x 1 + et
x
e x + x e x + ( x)
e x + x 1 + e x x
x)
=
+
=
1 + ex
1 + e x
1 + ex
ex + 1
e x (1 + x) + (x + 1) (1 + x)(e x + 1)
=
= 1 + x
ex + 1
ex + 1
xR.
()
f(x)
=
1
+
x
f(x)
=
(x
+
x)
f(x)
=
x
+
x
+
c
f (0) =
0
0
e t + t
dt = 0
1 + et
f(0)
=
0
0
+
0
+
c
=
0
c
=
0
f(x)
=
x
+
x.
274

t=-y:
dt=-dy
f (x) =
x
x
y
t
x 1 + e y
x 1 + e t
e y + ( y)
(
dy)
=
dy
=
x ey + 1
x et + 1 dt
1 + e y
:
f (x) + f (x) =

t
t
t
x 1 + e t
x e + t + 1 + e t
e t + t
dt
+
dt
=
dt =
x et + 1
x
x 1 + et
1 + et
x
= (1 + t)dt = [ t + t ] x = x + x ( x x) = 2x + 2x
x
2f(x)=2x+xf(x)=x+x
) f(x)=1+x>0x(0,).f
[0,].f,11.:
f-1:f()
=[0,].
f(0)=0f()=.f,
f()=[0,]=.:
f-1:[0,][0,]
) Cf Cf 1
y=x.[0,]:
f(x)=x+xx
,1Cf
y=x,
=21.:
E1 = [ f (x) x ] dx = x dx = [ x ] 0 = 2
=22=4..
275
19.74 :
lnx + 1
, x >0
x
) f.
f(x) =
) Cf.
) f.
) f.
) f.
)Cf,
xxx=1x=e.

) f (x) =
lnx + 1
=(0,+).:
x
1 x 1 (lnx + 1)
f (x) = x
lnx
, x > 0
x2

f (x)=0lnx=0x=1
f(0,1]
[1,+).
f (1)=1 ()-
f.
) :
lim f (x) = lim (lnx + 1) =

x 0
x 0 x
1
= + lim(lnx + 1) = .
x 0
x
x=0Cf.
lim+
x 0
lnx + 1
(lnx + 1)
1
lim f (x) = lim
== lim
= lim = 0
x +
x +
x +
x + x
x
(x)

y=0Cf+.
276
) 1=(0,1]2=[1,+),:
f12,
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (1) = 1, f(1)=(-,1],
x 0
x 1
lim+ f (x) = f (1) = 1 lim f (x) = 0, f(2)=(0,1].

x 1
x +
f:
f()=f(1)f(2)=(-,1](0,1]=(-,1]
) :
x 2xlnx
1 2lnx
lnx
=
x>0
f (x) = 2 =
4
x
x3
x
f (x) = 0 1 2lnx = 0 lnx =
1
x = e2 x = e
2
f ( 0, e :
e, + )
M ( e, f ( e ) ) , :
3 e
M e,

2e
Cf.
) f.
f

.
277
)f(x)>0x[1,e],:
e
E = f (x)dx =
1
e
1 + lnx
dx = (1 + lnx)(1 + lnx)dx =
1
1
x
e
1
1
1 3
1
= (1 + lnx)2 = (1 + 1)2 (1 + 0)2 = 2 = ..

2
2 2
2
1 2

e
f(x)dx 1+lnx=y.
1
1
dx = y dy :
x
E=
2
1
y2
4 1 3
y dy = = - = ..
2 1 2 2 2
19.75 :
x
f(x) = 1
x
t + ln t
dt , x0
2
t +1
) f(x) = ln x x0.

) Cf,xxy=1.

x
) f (x) = 1
x
t + ln t
dt, x0.:
t2 + 1
1
x t + ln t
x t + ln t
t + ln t
t + ln t
x
dt
+
dt
=
dt
dt
2
1 t2 + 1
1 t2 + 1
1
t
+
1
t2 + 1
x
1
f (x) = 1
1
1
x + ln x x + ln x 1
f (x) = 2
2
2
x +1
1 +1 x
(x)

x 2 + xln x + 1 xln x 1
=
x
x(1 + x 2 )
x0.
278
x + ln x 1 xln x
+
=
= 2
x +1
x(1 + x 2 )
:
ln x + , x < 0

f (x) =
ln x + , x > 0
:
f (1) =
1
1
t + ln t
dt = 0 f (1) = 0
t2 + 1
=0=0. f (x) = ln x x0.

) f,:
f(-x)=f(x)
x R * . C f
yy.
Cfx>0,
f(x)=lnx,
Cf.
:
f (x) = 1 ln x = 1 x = e x = e
=21,1-
Cf,y=1.:
e
E1 = e 1 lnx dx = e (x)lnx dx = e [ xlnx x ] 1 =
=e[(ee)(01)]=e1
=2e2.
19.76 f(x) =
2x + x , x0.
) f.
) f.
) f-1.
) I =
2
0
x f -1 (x) dx.
279

) x>0 :

f (x) =
1
2 2x + x
(2 + x) > 0
2+x>0.f=[0,+),
f[0,+).
) f(0)=0 lim f (x) = +. :
x +
f (x) = 2x + x = x 2 +

x
:
x
1
1 x 1

x
x
x
x
x
lim
x +
1
= 0, :
x
lim
x +
x
=0
x
:
lim 2 +
=2>0
x
x +
:

x
lim x 2 +
f (x) = +
= + xlim
+
x

x +
ff()=[0,+).
) f,11.f-1
f,[0,+).
) x=f(y).:
dx=f(y)dy
2 = f (y)
0=f(y)y=0
2y + y = 2 y = 2
280
:
I=
2
0
xf 1 (x)dx = f (y)f 1 ( f (y) ) f (y)dy = f (y)yf (y)dy =

2
2 1
2 1
= y f 2 (y) dy = yf 2 (y)
f 2 (y)dy =
0
0 2
2
2
0
2
1
1 2
1
1
2f 2 (2) (2y + y)dy = 2 4 y 2 y 0 =
0
2
2
2
2
1
1
= 4 2 (4 2 1) + (0 1) = 4 2 2 2 = 2 2
2
2
19.77 f(x) =
1- x
.
(1 + x) 3
) f.
) f.
) Cf.
)
Cf.

)f=R{-1}.
:
3
2
(1 + x) 3(1 x)
1 x (1 + x) (1 x) 3(1 + x)
f (x) =
=
=
=
3
6
(1 + x)
(1 + x) 4
(1 + x)

=
1 x 3 + 3x 2x 4

=
(1 + x) 4
(1 + x) 4
x.
f(x)=0x=2
f
(-,-1) (-1,2]
1
[2,+). f (2) = .
27
281
) x-1:
x 2
(x + 1) 4 4(x 2)(x + 1)3
x + 1 4(x 2)
f (x) = 2
2
=
= 2
=
4
8
(x + 1)
(x + 1)5
(x + 1)
= 2
9 3x 6(3 x)

=
(x + 1)5 (x + 1)5
f(x)
:
f(-,-1)[3,+),
(-1,3],
M 3, Cf.
32
) :
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = +
x 1
x 1
x=-1 Cf.

:
lim f (x) = 0 = lim f (x)
x +
y=0 C f .

.
)
Cf:
1
E = f (x)dx =
0
1 x
dx
0 (1 + x)3
1

1+x=y:
dx=dy

282
E=
2
1
2 2
2y
1
1 1
dy = 3 2 dy = 2 + =
3
1
y1
y
y
y
1
1 1
= + (1 + 1) =
4
4 2

,-
.
19.78 R=1

.
-
.-
,
:
)
,
) ,,
.

),(-
(0,0)).
:
C1:(x1)2+y2=1
(1,0)R=1.
:
C2:x2+y2=2(0,2)
283
C1C2:
(x 1)2 + y 2 = 1
x2 + y2 = 2
x =
2
, :
2
y2 = 2 x2 =
2 (4 2 )
4 2
y=

4
2
2 4 2
(0, )
,
2
2
:
4 2
2
y =
(x 0) y =
2 0
2
4 2 2
x
y=0:
xM =
2
2 4 2

(AM) =
2
2 4 2
, (0, 2)
) :
AM = x() =
2
2 4 2
lim x() = lim

0
2
2 4 2
= lim
0
(2
2 (2 + 4 2 )
4 2 )( 2 + 4 2 )
2 (2 + 4 2 )
= lim ( 2 + 4 2 ) = 4
0
0
4 (4 2 )
= lim
4.
284
=
19.79 (2917.)-
6.
6.
66,.
6
6,,.f(t)
g(t)
,h(t)-
,t[6,12].:
) h(6)h(12)<0,
) ,-
.

).:
f(6)=0f(12)=
g(6)=g(12)=0
fg[6,12],:
h(t)=f(t)g(t),t[6,12]
.:
h(6)=f(6)g(6)=0=-<0
h(12)=f(12)g(12)=0=>0
h(6)h(12)=-2<0.
) hBolzano[6,12].
t0(6,12),:
h(t0)=0
:
h(t0)=0f(t0)=g(t0)
t0.
285
19.80 ()=10cm
OxOy-
xOy.t06cm-
4cm/s.
) =x=y,y
x.
) ,,-
8cm.
) x.
)
dx
,x
.
dt
) t0.

):
()2+()2=()2
x 2 + y 2 = 100 y = 100 x 2
(1)
x[0,10].
) y(t1),t=t1y=8.
(1):
dy
x
dx
=

dt
100 x 2 dt
()=8cm,:
(OA) = 100 64 = 6 cm
t0.t=t0:
dx
dt
286
= 4 cm/s
t = t0
:
dy
dt
=
t = t1
6
100 36
4 =
24
= 3 cm /s
8
) :
1
1
E = (OA) (OB) = x 100 x 2 , 0 < x < 10
2
2
) t:
E(t) =
dE 1
dx 1
x
dx
=
100 x 2 + x
=
2
dt 2
dt 2
100 x dt
1 dx
x2
100 x 2

2
2 dt
100 x
) t=t0x=6cm
E(t 0 ) =
dx
= 4 cm / s, :
dt
dE
1
36
36
2
= 4 100 36
= 2 8 = 16 9 = 7 cm /s
dt t = t0 2
8
100 36

dy dy
,
dt dt
,
t = t0
dy
dt
..y(t),x(t0),
t = t1
y(t1)..
19.81 100kmxkm/h.
x2
2 2 +
lit/h.
400
28,:
) x,
) ,-
,
) ;
287

)100kmxkm/h,
:
100

x
:
t=
x2
100
2 +
,
2
400
x
28
100
.
x
:
K(x) =
200
x 2 2800 200
x2
+
+
=
+
+ 14
2
2
x
400
x
x
400
K(x) =
200
x2
x
16
16
+
= 200 +
, x > 0
x
400
x 400
) :
x
1
16
16
K(x) = 200 +

= 200 2 +
400
x 400
x
K(x)=0x2=40016x=204x=80
K(x)-
(x),
x=80.
x=80km/h.
) :
K(80) =
200
6400 5
5
16 +
= (16 + 16) = 32 = 80
80
400 2
2
288
19.82 500.
,5
10.
,
20.20
,.-
.
)
.
) ,-
;
) ;
) ,,-
;

)x.
5,x5x.
500:
500 100
=

5x
x
:
100
10x = 1000 ,
x
100
2000

20 =
,
x
x
20x,
20.
:
K(x) = 1020 +
2000
100
+ 20x = 20 51 +
+ x , x > 0
x
x
289
) :
x 2 100
100

K(x) = 20 2 + 1 = 20
x2
x
K(x)=0x=10
(x)-

x=10.
) :
(10)=20(51+10+10)=2071=1420
) :
100 100
=
= 10
x
10
.
19.83 1600.
.-
425.
2.-
20.
40,-
.
) (x)
:
16
K(x) = 40 x +
+ 160
x
x.
) ,
;
)
.
290

)1600,-
32002,:
32002=6400
:
3200 32
=

100x x
100.
:
32
640
20 =

x
x
40x,x
40.
:
K(x) = 6400 +
640
16
+ 40x K(x) = 40 x + + 160

x
x
) :
x 2 16
16

K(x) = 40 1 2 = 40
x2
x
(x)=0x216=0x=4
-
x=4. -
,
4.
) :
16
K(4) = 40 4 + + 160 = 40 168 = 6720

4
291
:
32 32
=
= 8
x
4
19.84 2000
,5000.-
500,-
1000.
.:
)
2000,
) ,,
) .

)2000x.
.
,.:
=
=1000=500:
1000=500=2
=2.x2000,=x,
:
x = 2 =
x

2
:
x
(x) = 5000 , x > 0
2
292
:
(x) > 0 5000
x
> 0 x < 10000
2
x(0,10000).
500 1000
= ;
:
500x x
=
1000 2
) (x):
x
E(x) = (2000 + x)(x) = (2000 + x) 5000

2
:
E(x) = 5000
x 1
(2000 + x) = 4000 x
2 2
(x)=0x=4000
,
4000+2000=6000
.
) :
4000
E(4000) = (2000 + 4000) 5000

=
2
=60003000=18
19.85 (t)-
,t.
200020
1800.:
293
) (t),t
,
) 40.

)(t)(t)-
-
,:
(t)=(t)
(t)>0,:
(t) = (t)
(t)
= [ ln(t) ]= (t)
(t)
ln(t) = t + c1 (t) = e t + c1 (t) = ce t

c = ec1 . :
(0)=2000c=2000,(t)=2000et(1),
(20) = 1800 2000e20 = 1800 e20 =
1 9
ln t
10
(t) = 2000e 20
9
1
9
= ln .
10
20 10
, t 0.
(())
:
(t)=(t)(t)(t)=0(t)e-t(t)e-t=0
( (t)e t )= 0 (t)e t = c (t) = ce t
.:
(t) = 2000e
1 9
ln t
20 10
9 20
= 2000
10
(t)=(t)
.
294
) 40:
(40) = 2000e
1 9
ln 40
20 10
= 2000e
2ln
9
10
= 2000 ( e )
ln
9 2
10
=
81
9
= 2000 = 2000
= 20 81 = 1620
100
10
19.86 6..149m3.-
te4-tm3/h,t-
6..,
25m3/h.6
12,:
) Q(t),
) Q(t)t,
) ,
) .
(e454.)

),:
Q(t)=-(te4-t+25)m3/h
) :
Q(t) = (te 4 t + 25)dt = t(e 4 t )dt 25dt = t(e 4 t )dt 25t =

= te 4 t e 4 t dt 25t = te 4 t + e 4 t 25t + c, t 0
(t=06..).
:
Q(0)=149e4+c=149c=149e4
:
Q(t)=(t+1)e4-t25t+149e4

4-t
Q(t)=(t+1)e 25t+95,t0
295
) f(t)=Q(t).:
f(t)=Q(t)=-(e4-tte4-t)
f(t)=0e4-t(1t)=0t=1
-
,t=1,-
6+1=7..
) t Q(t)=0. -
:
Q(4)=5100+95=0
Q(t)<0 t0,Q(t),t=4

Q(t)=0.
6+4=10..
19.87 f(x)=x+ex1,xR .
) f.
) f.
) f-1:RR:
ef
-1
(x)
+ f -1 (x) = x + 1 x
) f-1(x)=x.
) :
2
e x - e x +2 x + 2 - x 2
) C f -1 , -
x=exx.
) :
e
I = xf -1 (x)dx
0
296

)f =R

f(x)=1+ex>0xR.f.
) f:
lim f (x) = lim (x + e x 1) = lim ex = 0

x
lim f (x) = lim (x + e x 1) = +

x +
x +
ff()=R.
(f-
f().,
,.)
) f,,11.:
f-1:f(R)R
f(R)=Rf-1:RR.
) f-1(x)=xf(x)=x.:
f(x)=xx+ex1=xex=1x=0
) .
:
2
e x e x + 2 x + 2 x 2 x 2 + e x 1 (x + 2) + e x + 2 1
f (x 2 ) f (x + 2)
(1)
f,(1):
x2x+2x2x20x[-1,2]
) f (0)=0, f
f(x)xx[0,+),
f-1(x)0x0.
:
e
E = f 1 (x)dx
0
297
x=f(y),dx=f(y)dy,:
1
E = f 1 ( f (y) ) f (y)dy = yf (y)dy = [ yf (y)] 0 f (y)dy =

1
y2
3
1
= f (1) + e y y = e + e 1 + (0 + 1 0) =
2
2
2
0

y=x
:
1
x2
E = [ e f (x) ] dx = (e x e + 1)dx = ex e x + x =
0
0
2
0
1
1
1 3
= e e + 1 (1) = 2 =
2
2 2
) x=f(y),dx=f(y)dy.
:
1
I = f (y)yf (y)dy =
0
1
1 1
1
1 1
y f 2 (y) dy = yf 2 (y) 0 f 2 (y)dy =
0
2
2
2 0
1
1 1
1
10
10 2
1
= e2 f 2 (x)dx = e2 e2 2e + = 2e = (3e 5)
0
2
2
2
3
3 3
2

298

20.1 f:CC 20.4 :

f (z) + f ( z ) = z + z zC.
:
z=x+yix,yR
:
2
) f ( z ) = z ,
z 1 + z 3 2i
) f(z)=zzC.
=6
(x,y).
)
20.2 , C,

,
.
.:
)
) z z = z,
) ,,:
C,
+ + = + +
.
,-
.
20.3 u,z 20.5 ,

w:
-
2
z + z +1

z2 z + 1
z
C:x2+y2=1.
w=
) u u = u.
1
) z = .
z
) w.
,.:
+ + = 1 w =
:
) w = w,
) w,
) ,.
20.6 ,
.
,
299
(,),
) (++)(++)=,
.
) (+)(+)(+)=0,
)
) .
.
) :
z=
+ +

++
,
,.
) z-
-
.
20.9 ,
,,:
()4+()4+()4=0
:
x=,y=,=
x
y
=
=
:
) = = 1,
20.7 z1 ) x = y = ,
:
z z
+ =1
z z
) z.
)
zz3=1z3=-1.
) :
A = z12004 + z 2004
+ + z82004
2
z1,z2,,z8z
().
)
,.
20.10 f:RR

(x+y)f(x)=f(x)+f(y).-
:
) f(0)=0,
.,:
++
1,:
1
1
1
) = , = = ,
300
) f(1)=0,
) f.
20.11 f:RR
:
f(x)x+1
20.8 ,
,-

1+f (x+y)f(x)+f(y)
x,yR.:
) f(0)=1
) f(x)+f(-x)2xR
) f(x)=x+1,xR
20.12 f:RR

:
f(xy)+f(x)f(x)f()1
x,y,R.:
) f(0)=1f(1)=1
) f(x)=1xR
1
1
) f = 2 f (x) x>0,
x
x
) f(x)=xlnx,x>0.
20.16 f:RR
:
f(1)=1,f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)

1 1
f = 2 f (x)
x x
20.13 f:RR
:
f(x+y)+f(x-y)=f(3x)
xR.:
) f(0)=0,
) f(2x)=2f(x)xR,
) f(3x)=f(x)xR,
) f(x)=0xR.
20.14 f:RR:
f (0)=0
:
f ( xf (x) + f (y) ) = f (x) + y

x,yR.:
) f ( f (x) ) = x xR,
) f2(x)=x2xR,
) f(x):
f(x)=xf(x)=-x
20.15 :
f:(0,+)R
:
xyln(xy)yf(x)+xf(y)f(xy)
x,y>0. :

) f (1)=0,
) f(0)=0,
) f,
) f(xy)=f(x)f(y),
1 1 f (x)
) f

=
2
1 x (1 x)

x,yR.:
1 1 2x + f (x)
f
= (1 x)2
1 x

x0x1,
) f(x)=xxR.
20.17 f:RR

:
1
f (x) = xf x0,
x

f (x+y)=f(x)+f(y)1y-x.
) :
2
f (x) = xf 1
x

x0.
) :
2 2
f = f (x) 1, x 0
x x
301
) f(0).
) f.
20.18 -
) Cf-
(0,f(0)).
) f.
f:RR-
20.21
:
f ( f (x) ) = x f (1 + f (x) ) = 1 x
xR.
.,-
150m2.
20.19 :
f:RR

.
2m3m.
:
f2(x)2f(x)x=4x+2x+1
xR:
f = 3
2
) f
,.
) f(0).
) :
g(x)=f(x)x,xR
,
.
) f.
) :
A = lim
x +
f (x)

x
20.20 -
f(-x)=3x2xR.
) f(0).
302
)

.
)
,
;
) -
;
20.22 :
f(x)=x3+x2+x+3
x0=1 -
,4.
) =0.
) .
20.23 :
x
f (x) = ln (x)ln(x)
2

x = 0, .
2
) f.
) f(x)=ef(x)-1xR,
) f.
) y=ey-1,
20.24 :
) f.
x
x
x e
e

x>0, :
) :
x
x
f (x) = xe
e
,
) =e.
20.27 :
1
, 0 < 1
x
) f-
f (x) = x +
.
) f.
) f.
) :
20.25 :
f(x)=x48x3+22x224x+R
) f-
.
x +
1
1
=+
x
) f-
.
) f.
20.28 f,g:RR
) :
f(x)>0xR, lim f (x) =
A = lim f (x), B = f (1), = f (2)

x
= f (3) E = lim f (x)

x +
R.
)
f (x)=0,
R.
20.26 f:RR*
:
f(x+y)=f(x)ef(y)-1x,yR
lim f (x) = +.
x +
) f.
) -
f(x)=0.
) (f g)(x)x(g f )(x)
xR,g=f-1.
20.29 :
f (x) = 5 144 + (20 x)2 + 3x 108
:
) f-
.
) f(0)=1,
) f.
303
x R. f (0)=0, -

:
) :
5 144 + (20 x)2 = 3(36 x)
) f-1,
20.30 f:RR -

f (1)=1 f (x)<1
xR.
) f(x)=x.

) f(x)=x x , ,
2 2
) f-1(x)=x, x < .
2
20.33 f-
) :
ef (x) e x
, x 1

g(x) = f (x) x
e,
x = 1
g.
20.31 :
2x
lnx
f (x) = ln

2
2x 2 + 2 1 + x
) :
f (x ) =
2 xlnx

(1 + x 2 ) 2
x>0.
) f-
.
) :
lnx
1
ln2x
= ln(2x 2 + 2)
2
2
1+ x
20.32 :
f:RR
:
f (x) =
1

1 + x2
304
, , <. -

:
+
) f () + f () > 2f

2
) (e+2)+(e-+2)>23
N*R*.
20.34 f:(0,+)R -

f(1)=0,-
:
f ( f (x) ) + f (x) = 0 x > 0

:
) f(1)=1,
) (ff)(x)=xx>0,
) xf(x)+f(x)=0x>0,
) f(x)=lnxx>0.
20.35 :
f (x) =
(1 x)3

x2
) f-
.
) f
20.38 f:RR
,,-
:
.
) Cf.
f (x) = x f (xt) dt + 2 x
0
) f-
) f.
.
) f.
) f (x)=f (x) -
)-
xR.
x3+(3)x2+3x1=0.
) :
20.36 -
-
:
K(x)=610-6x2610-3x+4/
x
.
100.
)
g(x)=e-xf(x),xR
.
) f.
20.39 :
1
dx, x > 0
x + 10x10
1
) B =
dx, x > 0
x + x6
) A =
500.
20.40 f:RR -
)
[0,]:
200-
f(0)=-1,f()=1f(x)=f(x)
.
xR.
20.37 f,g:RR-
) :
f (x) = f (t)g(t) dt xR.
) f ().
h(x)=f (x)e
) f (x) dx = 0.
0
) :
g:RR,g(x)=f(x)+f(x)
-G(x)
( R), G-
g.
) f.
) :
(x 2 x)f (x) dx = 0
) :
xf (x) dx =
305
20.41 f:(0,+)R -
. Cf
:
f (x) = 2004(x 1) +
x
1
f (t)
dt x > 0
t
.:
) =.
.) :
xf(x)f(x)=2004x
) ,
) :
.
g(x) =
f (x)
, x>0
x
-
20.44 :
I=
) f(x)=2004xlnx.
. -
Cf,xxx=e.
20.42 :
ln(x + 1)
dx
x2 + 1
:
I=
) I =
ln2 1 1
1 y

dx, x =
2
0
2
y +1
x +1
) I =
ln2

8
1
2
ln(x + 2)
dx
x2 1
) x =
1 + 2y
,
y+2
:
ln3 0 1
I=
dx
1
2 2 x2 1
) I =
ln 2 3
.
4
20.45 f:RR-
f(0)=f(0)=2.
1
g(x) = f (xt) dt, xR.

0
20.43 :
f:(0,+)R
:
x
f (t)dt
f (x) = e 1
x>0
:
f 2 (x) 4
= 8,
x 0
x
) lim
) g(x) =
1
[f (x) g(x)] x0,
x
.:
) gx0=0,
) f,
) g(0)=1.
) f(x)=-f2(x)x>0,
1
) f (x) = x>0.
x
306
20.46 :
2
f (x) = e x , g(x) = lnx
) :
I = f (x) dx + g(x) dx
=e.
20.47 :
*
f:RR
A=
20.49 f:(0,+)R -

f(1)=3.F
1 3
f (x)F =
x x
f (x) = 1 2x 4 t 3 f 3 (xt) dt
0
x R. :
x
) f (x) = 1 2 t 3f 3 (t) dt xR,

0
) i) :
g(x) =
1
x4 , x
2
f (x)
x>0,:
1
) h (x ) = F (x )F
x

(0,+),
1
) F(x)F = 1 x>0,
x
) :
,
1
ii) f (x) = 4
, xR,
x +1
(x) =
) f (x) =
x +1
x
dx
1 + e2x
f:
:

F(x)

x3
(0,+),
xR,
) lim [ xf (x)x ] = 0.
) f(x)=3x2x>0.
20.50 :
x +
f(x)=2(x)+2(x)
20.48 f g ) :
fg
g(x)+g(-x)=1xR.
f (x)g(x) dx = f (x)g( x) dx
0
A = 2 f (x) dx
0
) :
) :
f (x) dx = 2 2 f (x) dx
) :
) :
0
f (x)g(x) dx = f (x) dx
0
xf (x) dx =
2

2
307
20.51 :
f (x)=x 3x +3x

) f.
) Cf
:
:y=x
)
Cf Cf 1 .
308
20.52 :
A=
ln(x + 1)
dx
0 ln(2 + x x 2 )
1
) x=1y,-
:
A=
1
0
ln(2 x)
dx
ln(2 + x x 2 )
1
) A = .
2

20
20.53 f:RR ) f

:
.
f ( x + f (x + y) ) = f (2x) + y
) Cf.
x,yR.
) Cf
:
xx.
) f (0)=0
) (ff)(x)=xxR
20.56 :
2
) f11
f (x) = x 3e x
) fR

) f-
) f (x)=x x R
.
20.54 :
)
2x 3 + 6x 2 + 5x + 2, 2 x 1
f (x) =
1 < x < 1
x,
2x 3 6x 2 + 5x 2, 1 x 2
) f(x)f(x).
Cf,xx
x=1.
20.57 :
x
) f
.
) Cf.
20.55 :
f (x) =
2x 2 + 3x

x+2
) f-
.
) -
f.

.
f (x) = e t dt
) f-
.
) f.
) Cf,
.
20.58 fg-
[,], -
(,),:
g() f (t)dt = f () g(t)dt
309
20.59 :
x
x + e t lnt dt + e x lnx
(,),
:
x>0, :
=e
20.60 f
[,]:
f (x)dx = f ()( )
20.61 ,
:
= = 0 + = 2
:
f (x)dx = 0
310
) 2=

) ==

.fx0
.fx0-
,f(x0)=0.
[ 14]
. :
)fx0,f
.
) fx0,
) fx0x0
Cf,
) fx0,
) f[,],(,)
,x0(,),
[ 5]
. ()-
().
)fx=f(x)=0xR{},
f.

) fR,,
[,]Rolle.

311
) f,-
f.

) f (x)>0 x , f

.

) FGf,
F=G+c.

) f f ()
,.

[ 6]

f:A=(-,)R:
f2(x)2f(x)+2x=0x(-,)
f(-,0)(0,),:
)fx0=0,
[ 8]
) f (x),
[ 9]
) f(x),f.
[ 8]

f:RRf(0)=0:
f(xy)=f(x)f(y)+xy
x,yR.:
)f(0)=1
[ 10]
) f(x)=x
[ 15]
312

f,g:(0,+)R f (1)=g(1)=0, f (x)=-eg(x)
g(x)=-ef(x)x>0.:
)fg,
[ 5]
) f=g,
[ 8]
-f(x)
) h(x)=e
x (0,+),

[ 5]
) f (x)=- lnx, x>0.

[ 7]

. ) z=+i,R
;
) f:AR11;
) f:AR,
;
[ 3]
. z1z 2 = z1 z 2 z1,z2C.
[ 7]
. ()-
().
) z = , z =
2
, >0zC.
z

) ,C2+2=0==0.

313
) f(,),f
m.

) f:AR11,f(x)=y
yR.

) f(x)=0x,f.

[ 5]
.(x)=-xxR.
[ 10]

f:RR:
f(0)=f(0)=1f2(x)=f(x)f(x)xR
:
)f(x)=f(x)xR,
[ 15]
x
) f (x)=e , x R.
[ 10]

F f:RR f (0)=1
f(x)F(-x)=1xR.
)g(x)=F(x)F(-x).
[ 8]

) F(x)F(- x)=1 x R.

[ 8]
) f.
[ 9]

:
f (x) =
314
e t + 5t 4 + 3t 2
dt, x
x
1 + et
x
)f.
[ 15]
) :
I=
e x + 5x 4 + 3x 2
dx,
-
1 + ex
[ 10]

. ) f:AR;
[ 1]
) f (x)0 x [,] f [,],
f (x) dx ;
[ 1]
) f ,x,
F(x) = f (t) dt;

x
[ 4]
. f [,] Gf
[,], f (x) dx = G() G().
[ 5]
. :
)
d
dx
g(x)
f (t) dt =
) fgR,(fg)(x)=

) lim f (x) = 0 f(x)<0x0, lim
x x0
x x0
1
=
f (x)
315
) ff(x)0x,f
.
) ( ln u )= , u=g(x).
[ 5]
.fgx0,:
(f+g)(x0)=f(x0)+g(x0)
[ 4]
. .

()
1. Bolzano
2.

()
. f[,]-
(,)
. f(,),
f()=f()f[,]
. f[,]

3. f ()f ()<0
. f[,]

4. . f [,]
f()f()<0

.f[,]
5. Rolle
f ()
f()
:
1
2
3
4
5

[ 5]

f[0,4]f(4)=1
f(0)=7.
)f.
[ 7]
316
) [1,7], f (x)=

[0,4].
[ 9]
) (0,4),:
f () =
f (1) + 3f (2) + 5f (3)

9
[ 9]

:
f (x) = e x 1 x
x2 x3

2
6
)f.
[ 8]
) f.
[ 9]
) :
x x2
ex 1 = x 1 + +
2 6
[ 2]
) e x 1 + x +
x2 x3
+
xR.
2
6
[ 3]

) f .
[ 3]

f:RR :
x + e x t f (t)dt = xe x f (x) x
0
)f.
[ 5]
317
) f(x)=ex+xx.
[ 12]
) f.
[ 8]

. ) fx0-
;
) fx0,
Cf A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ;
) fx0;
[ 3]
. ff(x)=0-
x,f.
[ 10]
. :
):
f (x)
=
g(x)
[f (x)g(x)h(x)]=
) :
f (x) dx = ,
f (x) dx = f (x) dx
f (x) dx = +
[,].
318
) ff()f()<0,
x0(,),
) f-
x0
,.
) f(,x0)(x0,),x0f
x0 ,
f(,).
[ 5]
. ( x ) =
1
2 x
x>0.
[ 7]

,,,
,,.+++=0 = = = , -
:
) + = + ,
[ 6]
) = ,
[ 5]
) .
[ 14]

fx0=0:
xf (x) 2x x 2 2
1

x
x0.
319
):
lim x 2 = 0
x 0
x
[ 10]
) lim f (x).
x 0
[ 10]
) f x=0.
[ 5]

Ff:RR.:
f(0)=1f(x)F(x)=-e-2x
xR,:
)c,F2(x)=e-2x+c,
[ 12]
) F(x)=-e-x,xR,
[ 13]
) ff(x)=e-x,xR.
[ ]

. ) f:AR
;
) ,-
f;
) Rolle.
[ 5]
320
. ) f f (x)>0
x,f
.
[ 11]
) f
;
[ 3]
. ()-
().
) f (x)>0 x R*, f
R*.

) f (x)=g(x) x , ,

f(x)=g(x)+c.

) f(x)=f(x)xR,f(x)=cex.

) f,
f(x)=0.

) f=(,), lim+ f (x) = A

x
lim- f (x) = , f()=(,).

) f:AR f (),

.

[ 6]

f:RR:
f(x)f(y)+1=f(x)+f(y)+xyx,yR
321
)fx=1.
[ 10]
) .
[ 15]

fg:
x2
1
x2
f (t)dt x 2 1 g(x) = f (t)dt x 2 + 1

1
xR.
)g.
[ 11]
) :
f(1)=1
[ 14]

:
2
I=
I=
(x 1)e2x 3
dx
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
):
2
2x
dx
2 x + (x 1)e2x 3
x=3y.
[ 15]
) .
[ 10]

322

..

. z =
1. z = , >0, z C
. z = z
2. z z1 = z z 2 , z1z2
.
3. z = , >0
. z = z
4. z
. z =
5. z

2

z

z
.
:
1
2
3
4
5

[ 5]
. .

1. f
2. f(x0)=0x0(,)

. f[,]
f()f()<0
. f[,]
. f[,]
3. Bolzano
. ff(x)=0

4. f
. f()f()>0
5. f
. lim f ( + h) = f ()
h 0
. f(,)
323
:
1
2
3
4
5

[ 5]
. fF
,:
)G(x)=F(x)+cf,
[ 3]
) GfG(x)=F(x)+c,cR.
[ 7]
.:
)Ff,:
f (x) dx =
f (x) dx =
) x dx = , x dx =
) f (x)g(x) dx =
) f ( g(x) ) g(x) dx = , u= du=
) f [,], f (x)0 x [,] f

, f (x) dx
[ 5]

f:R*R11:
(ff)(x)f(x)=xR*
0.
)(ff)(x)=xx0.
[ 6]
324
) f.
[ 5]
) <0, Cf.
[ 3]
) f;
[ 3]
) f.
[ 4]
-1
) f .
[ 4]

f:RR:
f ( x + f (y) ) = f (x + y) + 2
x,yR.:
)f(x)=x+f(0),
[ 14]

)f (x)=x+2 x R.

[ 11]

f(x)=2+ln(x1)g(x)=2ln(x1)x>1
CfCg.
):
i) CfCg,
[ 8]
ii) f g.

[ 8]
) CfCg
.
[ 9]
325

. ) x0;
) Bolzano.
) -
f=(,);
[ 6]
. f[,],f()f()
f()f(),x0(,),
f(x0)=.
[ 8]
. ()-
().
)f:AR,f:
{y / y = f (x)
x A}

) x=x0 C

,-
.

) f (x)f (x0) x , f:AR

.

(x).

) f (x) = ln (x) , :

f (x) =
326
(x)

(x)
) f:AR,
f().

[ 5]
.N*-{1},:
(x)=x-1
[ 6]

f:RR f (x+y)=f (x)f (y)x y
x,yR.
)f(0)=1.
[ 8]
) fx0=0,R.
[ 9]
) fx=f()0,f
R.
[ 8]

:
x
+ , > 0
x
)f.
f (x) = 2lnx 2ln
[ 10]
) ln
2 2
.
2
[ 8]
) 2xln
x
= x2 2 .
[ 7]
327

f:RR :
f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = e x +
x2
x 1
2
xR.
)g(x)=ex+x1,g(x)=0
g.
[ 8]
) f.
[ 6]
) f.
[ 6]
) f.
[ 5]

. ) fx0,
f A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) ;
[ 2]
) :
(x)=
1

2 x
[ 7]
. fx0,f-
.
[ 10]
328
. ()-
().
f (x)
= 1, f g x0
g(x)
f (x)
lim f (x) = lim g(x) = 0, lim
= 1.
x x0
x x0
x x 0 g(x)
) lim
x x0

) x0f,-
x=x0 -
f.

) fx0f-
x0, A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) Cf.

) f(x)=x++g(x) lim g(x) = 0, y=x+

x +
Cf.

) f
f (x)0 x , f
.

) lim f 2 (x) = 2 , lim f (x) = .

[ 6]

f,g:RRg(0)=0:
2f(x)+f(1y)+g(x)g(y)=3(x+1)26y
x,yR.:
)2f(x)+f(1x)=3(x+1)26xxR,
[ 9]
) f(x)=x2+2xxR,
[ 9]
) fg.
[ 6]
329

fg:RR:
f(x)g(x)=(x2+2x1)exxR
) h(x)=f (x)g(x), Ch
(0,-1).
[ 15]
) CfCg.
[ 10]

100
.,-
100.
100.,
,10.
)
.
[ 10]
) ,
.
[ 10]
) ;
[ 5]

330

.fg f (x)=g(x)
x,c,:
f(x)=g(x)+c
[ 7]
. (x)=xxR.
[ 8]
. :
) z z 0 = , >0zC,
) zC, z + z = z z =
) f,f
1
=
x x 0 f (x)
) lim f (x) = + -, lim

x x0
) f[,],f
.
)>1, lim x = lim x =

x +
) lim f (x) > 0, x0.

x x0
) lim f (x) lim+ f (x), lim f (x).

x x0
x x0
x x0
) lim f (x 0 + h) = , lim f (x) =

h 0
x x0
) f (x) dx = f (x) dx = ,
Gf [,].
[ 10]
331

f,g:RR:
f2(x)+g2(x)+2x2xf(x)+2g(x)x
xR.:
)f(0)=0g(0)=1,
[ 7]
) f (x) x x g(x) x x ,
[ 9]
) fgx0=0.
[ 9]

,++0.2+2+2=0
,,:
) + +
=2
1 1 1
+ +

[ 9]
1
1
1
) = , = =
[ 7]
) + + = 2
[ 9]

f:(-1,+)R x>-1
:
x2 + 2
x
0
( f (u)du ) dt = (x + 2x)f (x)
332
x
0
(t 2 + 2t)f (t) dt
):
x
x + f (u) du = (x + 1)f (x)

0
x>-1.
[ 13]
) f.
[ 12]

.fgx0 ,-
f+gx0(f+g)(x0)=f(x0)+g(x0).
[ 4]
. :
) (x )= x 1 , RZ
[ 5]
) ( x )= x ln, >0
[ 5]
) ( ln x )=
1
xR*
x
[ 5]
. ()-
().
f (x)
f (x) xlim
x0
) lim
lim g(x) 0.
=
x x 0 g(x)
x x0
lim g(x)

) lim f (x) = , lim f (x) = lim f (x) = .

x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
333
) f(x)=g(x)xRf,g-
R,f(x)=g(x).
dy dy du dx
=
.
dt du dx dt

d g(t)
f (x) dx = f ( g(t) ) g(t), fg-
dt
R.

)f:RR lim f (x) < 0, f(x)<0xR.

)
)

[ 6]

zw:
z 1 2i = 2 w 4 5i = 2
)zw
.
[ 10]
) zw, A = z w :
i)
ii)
[ 15]

f:RRf(x)+f(-x)=2003
xR.:
)
f (x)
f ( x)
4
dx
=
dx
- 2 x
x
4
[ 12]
)
f (x)
dx = 2003
2 x
[ 13]
334

:
f(x)=x2(2lnx3)+4x-1
)ff.
[ 4]
) f.
[ 4]
) Cf.
[ 3]
) f.
[ 3]
) f.
[ 3]
)2x2lnx3x2+4x1=0.
[ 4]
) f.
[ 4]

. ) f:ARx0
;
) f;
) y=C
f;
[ 6]
335
. f,f
x0,
f(x0)=0.
[ 13]
. ff(x)=0-
x,f.
[ 12]
..

x
1.
d
dx
. +c
. f(t)
f (t) dt
. ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) -
Cf
1
.
x + c
ln
2. x dx
3. xf (x) dx
. xf(x)f(x)+c

4. f(x0)=0f . f (x)
. f (x0)
x0
f
:
1
2
3
4

[ 4]

z:
2z 4 + z = z 4 + 2z
) z 4 + z 4 = z + z.
[ 7]
336
) z4=z.
[ 6]
) :
2z 4 + z = z 4 + 2z
[ 8]
) z1 ,z2z3z0
,
z1,z2z3z0.
[ 4]

f:RR,:
f3(x)+x3+1=3xf(x)
xRx0=,:
)f()=2,
[ 12]
) .
[ 13]

f:RR*:
f(x)+f(-x)=f(x)f(-x)xR
:
) f(x)1xR
[ 10]
)
2 x
- f (x) dx = 2
[ 15]
337

22.1 ) ,
,:
+ + = 0 = =
:
) :
x=-2+2+2,y=22+2

=2+22
,
) 2+2+2=0,
) x,y.
22.2 f:(-2,+)R -

1
f (0) = . :
2
1

g(x) =
f (x)
f (x):
) :
f 2 (x) =
1
, x > 2
2x + 4
) f.
) .
22.4 -
,
.:
) ,,
,
) 2+2+2=0,
) ,
2,22-
,
) 4,44
.
22.5 :
f:(0,+)R
:
xy
xyf (xy) f (y) = xy [1 f (y)] + f (yt)dt 1

1

x,y>0. f (1)=0,-
:
f(x)=lnx,x>0
22.3 f:RR
f3(x)+f(x)=xxR.
22.6 f:RR
f:
:
) ,
338
f(x)=f(1x)xR
f(0)=1f(1)=2,
:
1
I = f (x)dx
22.11 :
f:RR
1
x f (xt)dt = f (x) 1 xR.
22.7 :
22.12 f,g:RR-
x
dx
0 1 + x2

2,:
I =
I =
1
I 2
1
:
1
0
22.13 :
,:
) = 2 ( f (t)f (u)du ) dt
2
f (t)dt
(0,1),
f()=g()+32.
22.8 f:RR-
x
f (x)dx = 1 + g(x)dx
f:(-1,+)R
f (1)=f (1)=0 f (x) =
:
1
I = f (x)dx
0
22.9 f-
R,:
1
0
22.14 :
f (t)dt + tf (t)dt + (t 1)f (t)dt = f (x)
xR.
f (x) =
xx + x
1 + 1 + 2 x + x
) f-
.
) :
I = f 1 (x)dx
) f (x).
) :
f(x)+f(-x)=x+xx
) :
e t + t
dt, x
x
et + 1
x
) f(x)=x+x.
22.10 :
f (x) =
6
,
x +1
3
f (x)dx = 2
22.15
f:RR:
f (x)dx = f () f ()
0<<.
(,),f()=0.
339
22.16 f:(0,+)R -

:
f(3)=2,f(2)=1
3
2
22.20 :
x
, x 0

f (x) = x
1, x = 0
f (xt)dt f (t)dt x > 0

2
:
:
3
2
A = lim
f (x)dx = 4
x 0
22.17 :
f 11. f

g,-
f ()
f ()
22.18 f:RR
:
I=
22.22 :
f (x) =
x2
, xA =
x 2 + (x 2)2
.
f(1)=1f(x)>0x>0,
f(x)=xxR.
) :
I=
2
0
22.19 f:RR
:

f (1x)+f (1+x)=f (x) x R

:
)
f (x)dx = f (x)dx
2004
x 2 (2 x)
x 2 + (x 2)2
dx
22.23 :
x3
dx
0 f (x)
1
) f-
1 1
f (x)f = x > 0
x x
= (g f )() (g f )()
)
te t dt + 2 x 1
x2 x3
+

2
6
:
g(x)f 1 (x)dx + ( g f ) (x)dx =
f (t)dt x
f (x) = e x + 1 + x +
:
x
0
22.21 :
f,g:RR
f (x)dx =
2003
2002
f (x)dx
340
f (x) = ln 1 + , x = [0, )
2
.) :
f (x) =
1
, x
1 + x + x
) f-

Cf.
22.27 :
. :
I=
2
0
x + x + x
dx
1 + x + x
) x =
:
I=

,.
y -
2
1
dx
1 +
4
1 + x + x
2
0
) .
4xlnx, x > 0

f (x) =
x = 0
0,
) :
lim(xlnx) = 0
x 0
) f.
) :
I = xlnx dx
) -
22.24 f:RR C

f
:
f (x)f ( yf (x) 1) = x 2 f (y) f (x)

x,yR.:
) f(0)=0,
) f(x)=0-
x=0,
) f(1)=1f(x1)=f(x)1,xR,
) f (x)f ( f (x) ) = x 2 ,
) f (x) + f ( f (x) ) = 2x,
xx1.
22.28 f[,]
(,):
f()=6+f()
1,2,3(,)
,:
1
2
3
+
+
=
f (1 ) f ( 2 ) f ( 3 )
)f(x)=xxR.
22.29 fR
22.25 f:RR -
:
,:
I = (1 + xf (x) ) e
f (x)
dx
22.26 ,,
++=.
x
0
(t 2 + 1)f (t)dt =
= 2 tf (t)dt 4 xtf (x)dt
x,f(0)=0f(0)=2.
341
) f (x) =
2x
.
x +1
2
) ()
Cf,xx
x=0,x=.
342
)
10
cm/sec, -
3
ln10.

23.1 f:RR(ff)(x)=2xxR.
:
) f(1)=1,
) fR,
) f.
23.2 f:(0,+)R:
x
f (x) f (y) = f
y
x,y>0.f(x)=0,:
) f11,
) :
f(x2+3)+f(x)=f(x2+1)+f(x+1)
) f (x)>0 x>1, f
.
23.3 f:RR-

(3,2)(5,9).
) f.
) f-1.
) :
f ( 2 + f 1 (x 2 + x) ) = 9, xR
) :
f ( f 1 (x 2 8x) 2 ) < 2
343
23.4 ff(x)=x3+x+1.
) f.
) f.
) f-1.
) f-1(x)=x.
23.5 f:RR:
lim f (x) 2x 2 + 3x + 3 = 4
x 2
) lim f (x).

x 2
) :
lim
x 2
f 2 (x) 9
f 2 (x) + 7 4
23.6 :
x 2 ( + 3)x + 2

x 1
x 2 4x + 3
A = lim
) ,=3.
) =2,.
23.7 f [0,4] f (0)=f (4).

h(x)=f(x)f(x+2)x[0,2].:
) h,
) f(x)=f(x+2)[0,2].
23.8 f,gh:RR:
g 2 (x) + ( g(x) ) = 1 h(x) = f (x)g(x)
2
xR.gCf,Ch
(,),f()0,:
) g()=1,
) g()=0,
) g()=0,
) CfCh.
344
23.9 f (x)=3x

g(x)=-x2+3x+1(0,1)(1,3).
23.10 fR. M ( , f () ) Cf.

) f(x)=f()(x)+f().
) Cf-
Cf-
.
23.11 f:[0,+)R Ff.

F(0)=0f(x)=e-F(x)x0,:
) f(x)=-f2(x)x0,
) f.
x
23.12 f (x) = 1 e t dt, :

1
I = f (x)dx
0
345

.
.
,
.
1.

f:AR.f-1,f11.-
f11:
i) f(x1)=f(x2)x1,x2x1=x2.
ii) f.
iii)y=f(x)yR
(yf()).
f-1f.
f-1(x)y=f(x),
yx.
2.

f:AR.f()f
:
i) yR,y=f(x)x,
x.
ii) 1,2,,ff
.:
f(A)=f(1)f(2)f()
346
f(1),,f(),:
1,,
3.

.
x.
x.
.
4.

Bolzano.
.
Rolle.
.
.
().
5.

Bolzano.
Rolle().
.
().
.
6.

.
f ( g(x) ) = f ( h(x) ) , f11.
347
-
,:
i) ,
ii) ,
iii)Rolle...
7. :
i) ii)
iii)

i) 2,-
.
ii) +1
Rolle.
iii),(i),
(ii).
8.

.f(1),f(2),,f()1,2,,

.
.
.
Rolle.
9.

(...).
(..).
348
.
f ( g(x) ) > f ( h(x) ) , f
.
,,x-
, = x.
,-
.
x.
10.

.
f,().
().
DeLHospital.
,:
i) ,,x,

ii) ,DeLHospital,xx0,
x0R.
11.

,-
.
f (x 0 ) = lim f (x).

x x0
Bolzano.
...
.
349
h()-
h(x)=h(x),x.
().
,-
,.
12.
i) CfCg.

().CfCg
,:
f () = g()

():
f () = g()
().
ii) :y=x+Cf.

A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) .Cf,
:
f (x 0 ) = x 0 +
f (x 0 ) =
13.
i) f.

x=. f()=0Fermat.-

,
x=.
ii) f,,-
.
350

x= f.f()=.-

,x=-
.
14.

i) .
ii) :
( P(x)e
x +
dx,
P(x)(x + )dx, P(x)(x + )dx, P(x)lnx dx )
iii).
iv) I = f (x)dx, x=+y(
).
351

) z=+i -
;
) z m(z)0 -
.:
.yy
. y=x
. y=0
B. O
.y=x
) ()-
().
i) z + z = 2Re(z).
ii) z z = 2Im(z).

iii)(z ) = (z) , N*.

iv)zz zC.

v) z = z = z .

) z1 + z 2 = z1 + z2 z1,z2C.

)z=+i;
) z zzz,
z0.
) ()-
().
i) z = z , Z*.
352

ii) z = z = z .
iii)zz = z .
iv) z = z 2 .

v) z + w = z + w .

vi) z z 0 = , >0.

vii) z z1 = z z 2 .

viii) z + w + z w = 2 z + w

ix) z = 1 (z = 1 z = 1 z = i z = i).

).
) z,wC, zw = z w .

)f:ARx0A;
) :
1. f[,]
2. f(,)
3. f()=f()
4. (,),f()=0
5. f (x)=0 (,)
6. f ()f ()<0
-
Bolzano.
) ()-
().
i) fx0, lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ).
ii) f[,](,)
f()=0,f ()f ()<0.
h 0

353
iii) f [,] f (x)0
x[,],f[,].
iv)fx=,:

lim (x )3f (x) = 0

x

2
2

v) f:RR f (x)=1 x x R,
ff (x)=x f (x)= x.
vi)f=(,) lim f (x) = +
lim f (x) = , ff()=R.

) f[,],f()f()n
f()f().x0(,),f(x0)=n.

)fx0
;fx0;
) fx0,-
()Cf A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) . M();
) fx0,-
.;

)f,g-
R,:
i) [ f (x)g(x)]=
f (x)

ii)
= , g(x)0
g(x)
iii)f ( g(x) ) =
354
) fgx0,:
(f+g)(x0)=f(x0)+g(x0)

):
i) (xv)=,N*
ii) ( x ) = , x<0
iii)(x)=
iv)(x)=
v) ( ln x )=
vi)(x)=
vii)(x)=
viii)(x)=,x>0
) (x)=xxR.

)f,:
f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )

lim+
h 0
h 0
h
h
;
lim
) fx0,f(x0)
Cf
A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) ) .
f(x0)Cffx0.
) fx0 ,f
x0.
) :
i)
x )=
1
2 x
x>0
ii) (x)= x xR

)f f (x)=0
x.f.
355
) fgf(x)=g(x)
x.c,
f(x)=g(x)+cx.

)f f (x)>0
x.f.
) f (x)<0 x0,fR*;-

.

1.f.
)f x0 A
;
) ()-
().
i) -
.

ii) f,.

iii)f,-
.
iv)f:RRf(2)=0,f(2)-
f.
v) f [,], f ()f ()
.

2.f,x0
x0,:
f(x0)=0
356

)f:R.f;
) f:R,.
f;
I = f (x)dx, Ff;
) :
f (x)g(x)dx =
) fFf.-
:
i) G(x)=F(x)+c, x , f
.
ii) GfG(x)=F(x)+c,cR.

):
i)
ii)

f ( g(x) ) g(x)dx = , g()= g()=
iii)f,:
f (x)g(x)dx =
( f (t)dt ) = x
iv) ( f (t)dt )= , fg-
d
dx

g(x)
.
) f[,]Gf[,].
:
f (t)dt = G() G()
357

. 1. Afx0
,f-
:
A ( x 0 , f (x 0 ) )
. 2. ,fx0
,.
. 1.
()().
) fx0,f-
x0.
) fx0,f
x0.
) fx0,f
x0.

. 2.
x0.
358

()

()
1. f(x)=3x3,x0=1
2. f(x)=2x, x 0 =

2
3. f (x) = 3 x , x0=0

4. f (x) = x, x0=4

. y=2x+
. y =
. y=9x6
. y=9x+5
.
1
x +1
4
:
1
2
3
4

f[0,1]:
f(x)>0x(0,1)
Af(0)=2f(1)=4,:
)y=3f
x0(0,1),
) x1(0,1),:
f (x1 ) =
( 5) ( 5 ) ( 5) ( 5 )
f 1 +f 2 +f 3 +f 4
4
) x2(0,1),f-
M ( x 2 , f (x 2 ) ) y=2x+2000.

t=0.
:
359
f (t) =
t
1 + t
, t0
t
.15
6.
).
) ,
12,
.

f:
x 2 8x + 16,
0 < x < 5
f (x) = 2

2
5 x
( + )ln(x 5 + e) + 2( + 1)e , x 5
. lim f (x) lim+ f (x).
x5
x5
. ,R,fx0=5.
. lim f (x).
x +

.f (t)-

t,t0.
f(t):
8
2
t +1
)f(t).
) t,,
;
360
) t=8

,t=10
.
(ln112,4.)

. f,.
) f(x)>0x,f-
.
) f (x)<0 x,-
f;
. 1.
()().
) f(x)=e1x
.
) f:

x , .
2

) f(x)=g(x)+3x,:

f (x) = 2x +
1
+ 3
2 x
h(x)=f(x)g(x)
.
. 2. -
f
[2,6]. -
f-
.
361

f,,
:
f (x) e2x + 1
= 5
x 0
2x
lim
)f(0).
) fx0=0.
) h(x)=exf(x),
fh A ( 0, f (0) ) B ( 0, h(0) ) -
.

,t,
:
P(t) = 4 +
t 6
t + 25
2
).
) ,-
.
) -
.
) -
,
.

f:
f (x) =
.
362
x 2 3x + 2

x
),f-
x=4.
) ,-
f(1,0)(2,3).
) >2, x0 (1,2) ,-
fx0-
xx.

,-
1000.
.425.
200.-
4000.-
,-
10000.
)(x)
,:
16
K(x) = 10 x + + 40
x
x.
) ,
;
) ()
.

363

. 1. z1z2.:
z1 z 2 = z1 z 2
. 2. ,
()().
z:
2
) z
= zz.
) z 2 = z 2 .

) z = z .

) z = z .

) iz = z .

. 1. z1=3+4i z 2 = 1 3i,

,-
.

1. z1 z2
2
1
2. z
3. z 2
4. z1
5. iz 2
364

. 4
. 2
. 25
. -5
. -2
. 5
. 10
:
1
2
3
4
5
1
. 2. z z = 1, z = .
z

f:
x 2 , x 3

f (x) = 1 e x 3
, x > 3
x 3
1
)f, = .
9
) Cf-
f A ( 4, f (4) ) .
) -
f,xxx=1x=2.

f,-
R,:
f3(x)+f2(x)+f(x)=x32x2+6x1
xR,2<3.
)f.
) f.
) f(x)=0-
(0,1).
365

f,
R,:
i) f(x)0xR,
1
ii) f (x) = 1 2x 2 tf 2 (xt)dt xR.

0
g:
1
g(x) =
x 2 xR
f (x)
) f(x)=-2xf2(x).
) g.
) f f (x) =
) :
1
.
1 + x2
lim ( xf (x)2x )
x +

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f,:
G(x)=F(x)+c,cR,f
Gf:
G(x)=F(x)+c,cR
. 2. ,-
.
)
f (x)dx =
366
)
( f (x) + g(x) ) dx =
[ f (x) + g(x)] dx =
)
,Rf,g[,].
. 1. f,f(x)=6x+4,xR
(0,3)2.
. 2. :
)
1
0
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4
1
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x
dx
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2
0
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:
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) z
:
z 1 = z i

:
x + ,
x 1

f (x) =
x +1
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R.
):
1 e x +1

x 1
x 1
lim
) R,fx0=1.
) =1,(1,2),
f A ( , f () )
xx.
367

f,(0,+):
f (x) =
x tf (t)
1
+
dt x > 0
1
x
x2
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) f f (x) =
1 + lnx
, x>0.
x
) f.
) f.
) -
f,xxx=1x=e.

2002
(30/5/02)()(8/7/02).

.

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f (t)dt = G() G()
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R:
f(x)=x
. 2. ,
()().

) f[,]
(,],f[,].
368

) ,11,
.
) fx0 lim f (x) = 0,
lim f (x) = 0.
) fR,:
f (x)dx = xf (x) xf (x)dx
) lim f (x) > 0, f(x)>0x0.

x x0
x x0
x x0

fgR.
fg11.
)g11.
) g(f (x)+x3-x)=g(f (x)+2x-1)
.

)hg[,].:
h(x)>g(x)
x[,], h(x)dx > g(x)dx.

) Rf,:
f(x)e-f(x)=x1,xRf(0)=0
i) ff.
ii)
iii)-
f,x=0,x=1xx,:
x
< f (x) < xf (x) x>0.
2
1
1
< E < f (1)
4
2
369

,
()().
) f (x)dx 0, f(x)0-

x [,].
) f ()
f.
) fR-
, [,] f
Rolle.
) f
[,]x0[,]f-
.f(x0)=0.
) f[,]-
x0(,),f(x0)=0,
f()f()<0.

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f (x) =
ex 1
, x R
ex + 1
)ff-1.
) f-1(x)=0.
) :
370
1
2
1
f 1 (x)dx

f,R,:
2
f (x) =
xz x+ z
x2 + z
zz=+i,,R0.
):
lim f (x) lim f (x)
x +
) f, z + 1 > z 1 .
) f.

f,R,-
:
f (x)f (x) + ( f (x) ) = f (x)f (x), x f (0) = 2f (0) = 1

2
)f.
) g
[0,1],:
2x
x
0
g(t)
dt = 1
1 + f 2 (t)
[0,1].

.fx0,
.
. ;
371
. ,
()().
) z z ,

) f-
.f(x)>0
x,f.

) f,,
f (x)dx = f (x) + c,

) f,-
f
.

) fx0
.fx0
f (x0)=0, f
x0.

z = z = z .
c .

z=+i,,R, w = 3z iz + 4,
z z.
)Re(w)=3+4m(w)=3.
) w-
y=x12, z-
y=x2.
) z,-
y=x2,.

f(x)=x5+x3+x.
)f
f.
372
) f(ex)f(1+x)xR.
) f(0,0)
ff1.
) -
f1,xx=3.

f, [,],
(,).:
f()=f()=0
(,),(,),f()f()<0,:
)f(x)=0-
(,),
) 1,2(,),f(1)<0
f(2)>0,
) -
f.

.f.F
f,:
) G(x)=F(x)+c,cR
f
) Gf:
G(x)=F(x)+c,cR
373
. ,
()().
) z1z2,:
z1 z 2 z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
) f(,),
x0,f
. f (x)>0 (,x0) f (x)<0 (x0 ,),
f(x0)f.
) f:AR 11,
x1,x2:

x1=x2,f(x1)=f(x2)
) fg,
f (x)g(x)dx = f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)dx.

. x=x0-
f;

)()
z z = 2 Im(z)0.
) ,z(),
1
4
w = z +
2
z
xx.

:
f (x) = x 2 + 1 x
374
) lim f (x) = 0.

x +
) f,x-
-.
) f (x) x 2 + 1 + f (x) = 0.
)
1
0
1
x2 + 1
dx = ln ( 2 + 1) .

fR
:
f(x)=-f(2x)f(x)0xR
)f.
) f(x)=0.
) :
g(x) =
f (x)

f (x)
g
xx,45.
375

1.
----
1.3
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
1.4
1.1
.
) i2003=-i,:
2003=4500+3i3=-i
) .
) .

).
) (, R).
) .
) .
) z=-1i.
) .
) ==.
. .
) -1,i.
. .
, (z) .
w
, z , z , z.
w
zz.
) .
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
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).
) .
) .
) i) . ii) .
) .
2
) (z) = z ,R,-
2
)
.
z
:
) ,,.
),.
) ,(-2,5),3,(x+2)2+(y5)2=9.
) , x+2y=0.
) 2+2i,22i.
)
) .
. .
2 + 2 .
z w ,
) .
1
=0=0.
) z w, z w,
--1--
1.2
i,
z w zw z + w.
w=
(z)2004 + z 2004 + 2002 1

=
(z)2004 + z 2004 + 2002 w
) :
w=
1
2
ww = 1 w = 1 w = 1
w
,w,
:
C:x2+y2=1
377
3
:
) = 2 x + 2 x = 1 :
w
=1
= 1
:
= 1 = 1 =
2
= 1 = 1 =
= z
w0
(1)
= w w = 1 w = 1
2
= w z
=1 z =1
) :
:
= 1 = 1 =
= z w
z
= = =1
1

z = 1 z
= 1 zz = 1 z =
1

z
1

w = 1 w
= 1 ww = 1 w =
1

w
1

) :
w 2 = z w = z 2
:
) :
++=
w 2 w = zz 2 w(ww) = (zz)z
=(x+y+)+i(x+x+)=
w w = z z w = z
=0+i0=0
z = w = 1.
:
++=0
) :
:
w2 = z w2 =
++ =0 ++ =0 ++ =0
1 1 1
+ +
+ + =0
=0

++=0
1 ( )
1
w 2 =
w 3 = 1
z
w
w=-zw3=-1.
:
(-z)3=-1z3=1
. ) :
) :
++=0(++)2=0
()
2 + 2 + 2 = 2( + + ) = 0
2+2+2=0
4
z3=1z31=0(z1)(z2+z+1)=0
(z=1z2+z+1=0)
1 + i 3
1 i 3
z =1 z =
z=

2
2
,(w=-z):
2
. ) w = z, :
2
w = z w
= z , z = z
z 2 = w, :
2
z = w z
= w
(1)
378 -
1 + i 3 1 i 3
(z, w) = (1, 1) (z, w) =
,

2
2

1 i 3 1 + i 3
(z, w) =
,

2
2
--2--
) z():
z3=1
1
2004=3668,:
. .
z2004=z3668=(z3)668=1
. .
z2004=1.
3.
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
2
) x=y=1f2(1)=2f(1).
----
:f(1)=0f(1)=2
3.1

) f(1)=0,y=1:
f(1)=1x
.
(-
) f-1:
).
f(x)=yx=f-1(y)
f(1)=2,y=1:
f ()f
f(x)=x+1
11.
:f(x)=1x,f(x)=x+1
3.2
3
) f()=.
) 1<3:
) ,f(x)=g(x).
f(1)=5>2=f (3)

) {y R/y=f (x) x R}.
f.
) {xDf/f(x)Dg},.
) y1<y2 . f-1-
) f(x1)>f(x2).
,:
f-1(y1)f-1(y2)
),.
f,:
) 11.
f(f-1(y1))f(f-1(y2))y1y2
) 11,,f-1(y).
,y1<y2.
) , y=x.
) :
3.3
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
f-1(3+f(x2+x3))<f -1(5)
3+f (x 2 +x3)>5
f(x2+x3)>2=f(3)
3.4
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) .
x2+x3<3x2+x6<0
:x(-3,2)
379
4
) +,0,-,+.

) f (0)=, x= y=- . :
f ( + f (0) ) = f (2) f ( + ) = f (2) ..

) x=0y=x:
f ( f (x) ) = x

(1)
f (x1)=f (x2). :

(1)
f ( f (x1 ) ) = f ( f (x 2 ) ) x1 = x 2
f11..
) y0Rx0=f(y0).:
(1)
f (x 0 ) = f ( f (y 0 ) ) == y 0
) lim f (x) = f (x 0 ), lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ).

x x0
h 0

) ,[,], f ()f()<0,,(,),

f (x0)=0,f(x)=0,,(,).
) ,[,],(,),f(x0)=.
) .
) ,,[m,M].
) ,.
(,),,
(,),.
) y=0, :
()
f ( x + f (x) ) = f (2x) x + f (x) = 2x f (x) = x
:f(x)=x,xR
5.3
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
5.4
) .
) .
) .
5. -
) ( u=g(x)u0,x0).
) .
).
) ().
----
5.1
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
.
--3--
5.2
) ,, lim f (x), lim+ f (x), .
x x0
x x0
) f(x)>0,.
i,ii,iviii
x x0
) lim h(x) = lim g(x) = .

x x0
x x0
(,).
)+.
. .
lim ( x ), lim ( x ).
x +
iii.
) (iii):f-
) x , x=0.
)
. .
. ) :
) lim f (x) lim g(x).

x x0
1
380 -
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) (f).
) .
) .
f2(x)2xf(x)+x22x2xx+x2
( f (x) x ) (x x)2
2
f (x) x x x
2
x x f (x) x x x
f=R.
(x0,y0)Cf.
f(x0)=y0R.:
x04 (3 4)x30 + 3( 3)x20 3( 2)x0 + 2 3 = y0

(x04 3x30 +3x20 3x0 + 2) + (4x30 9x20 +6y0 3 y0 ) = 0
x x x f (x) x + x x
(2)
:
lim ( x x x ) = 0 = lim ( x + x x )
x 0
x 0
(2)-
:
R.
lim f (x) = 0
:
4
3
2
x 0 3x 0 + 3x 0 3x 0 + 2 = 0

3
2
4x 0 9x 0 + 6x 0 3 y 0 = 0
x0=1x0=2,-
y0=-2 y0=5.
Cf:
(1,-2)(2,5)
R.
) f,,[1,2]
f(1)=-2,f(2)=5,:
f(1)f(2)<0
Bolzano,
f (x)=0
(1,2).-

f (x)=0,

(1,2).
3
) i) :
f2(x)+2xx2xf(x)+2x(1)
x 0
) limf (x) = 0 f(0)=0,

x0
lim f (x) = f (0). f-

x 0
x0=0.
4
) x1,x2R:
f(x1)=f(x2)
:
f(f(x1))=f(f(x2))2x1=2x2x1=x2
) x=1:
f(f(1))=1(1)
x=f(1):
(1)
f ( f ( f (1) ) ) = 2 f (1) f (1) = 2 f (1)
f(1)=1
) f11,:
f(x2x)=f(x+3)x2x=x+3
x22x3=0
:x=3x=-1
(1)x=0:
f2(0)0f2(0)=0f(0)=0
f2(0)0.
ii) (1):
f2(x)2xf(x)2x2xx
) f11,f-1.-
fR.
y0R.:
x0=f(2y0)
381
:
f(x0)=f(f(2y0))=2(2y0)=y0
f(R)=R.
) f(R)=R,yR:
y=f(x),xR
f(f(x))=2xxf-1(y):
f(f(f-1(y)))=2f-1(y)
f(y)=2f-1(y)f-1(y)=2f(y)
y R. 2f (y) ,
f-1(y).
:
lim f 1 (x) = lim[2 f (x)] = 1
x 1
x 1
)fx1<x2.
:
f(x1)<f(x2)f(f(x1))<f(f(x2))
:
2x1<2x2x1>x2
, x1<x2.

382 -
7.
8.
----
--4--
7.1
1
.
. .
) :
f (x 0 h) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 ) = lim

h 1
x 0 (h 1)
. .
. ) 0,1,
x0.
) x,
x
= h.

x0
f (x) f (x 0 )
f (x 0 + h) f (x 0 )
, lim
,
x x0
h 0
x x0
h
) lim
f (x 0 h) f (x 0 )
lim
.
h 1
x 0 (h 1)
) f(x)g(x)+f(x)g(x),
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)
.
g 2 (x)
) x-1,f-1(x)f(x).
) f1,:
) ,.
,
1
1
, 2 .
2 x
x
) =R.
) f (x0),yf (x0)=f (x0)(xx0).
) 0, 1, x
.
2
2 x
1
) xln, , ex.
x
7.2
1
x, x,
,
2 x
1
.
x ln
,
2 x
1
1
2 , x ln, e x , ,
x
x
1+2=+(1)1=1..
:
f(-1)=-3-1=-3=2
.
:=2,=1
) f(x)+g(x),f(x),f(x)g(x)+f(x)g(x),
) f(1)=4f(1)=1.
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)
.
g 2 (x)
) :
:y=4x-7
f () = 4, < 1

f () = 4, 1
)f(g(x))g(x),f-1(x)f(x),ef(x)f(x),
[f(x)]f(x).
:y=4x-7
7.3
) .
3
) .
) .
) .
7.4
) 1,
) 1,
2,
2,
3,
3.
4.
) g(h) =
f (2 + h) + 3h 1
, :
h
lim g(h) = 7
h 0

f (2+h)=hg(h)3h+1
383
lim f (2 + h) = f (2) (
) ,[,],,(,), (,),
f () f ()
f () =
, ,,(,f()),
(,f()).
lim f (2 + h) = 0 7 0 + 1 = 1 f (2) = 1
h 0
h 0
x0=2).
) f (2) = lim
h 0
f (2 + h) f (2)
=
h
hg(h) 3h + 1 1
= lim
=
h 0
h
3h
= lim g(h)
= 73= 4
h 0
h
) ,,f(x)=0,,
,.
) ,,f(x)=g(x)+c.
) cex.
:f(2)=4
) ():yf (2)=f (2)(x2).

:y=4x-7
4
) ():yf()=f()(x).:
1
1
2 2 = ( ) ..
8
4
9.3
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
9.4
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) :
= f (1 ) f ( 2 ) =
=
1
1
1
1 2 = (1 2 ) = 1
4
4
16
12=-16, 12
x22x16=0.
10.Rolle-...
...
--5--
1
9.Rolle-...
...
. ) .
) f(x)=cex,xR.
. .
----
9.1
.
.
9.2
) ,[,],,(,),f()=f(),
,(,),f()=0.
384 -
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
2
. ) x=y=0f(0)=0.
:
lim f (x) = f (0) = 0
x 0
lim f ( + h) = lim[f () + f (h) + 3h( + h)] =

h 0
,y=x3:
h 0
= f () + lim[f (h) + 3h( + h)] = f ()

h 0
fR,-
x33=32(x)
(x)(x2+x+2)=32(x)
(x=x2+x22=0)
R.
(x=x=x=-2)
) :
(x=x=-2)
lim f ( + h) = f ()
(-2,-83).
h 0
lim[f () + f (h) + 3h( + h)] = f ()

h 0
g(h)=f()+f(h)+3h(+h),:
:
f()=32
f(-2)=3(-2)2=122=4(32)=4f()
lim g(h) = f ()
h 0

f (h)=g(h)f()3h(+h)
.
lim f (h) = 0 = f (0)

h 0
f0,

3
) :
R.
f (x) = e2f (x)
. ) :
f (0) = 0 lim
h 0
f (h)
=0
h
f(0)=0.:
f (x + h) f (x)
=
f (x) = lim
h 0
h
= lim
h 0
f (x) + f (h) + 3xh(x + h) f (x)

==
h
(1)
-
.
) (1):
f(x)=2e2f(x)f(x)=2f(x)f(x)=[(f(x))2]
f(x)=[f(x)]2+c.
f(0)=e0=1.x=0c=0.
) :
=f(0)+3x2=3x2
()
g(x) = == 0
:
f(x)=3x2xR
:
) g(x)=c,c=g(1)=1,:
f(x)=-ef(x)
f (x) = ( x ) f (x) = x + c
3
:
e f (x) f (x) = 1 ( e f (x) )= (x)
f(0)=0c=0
:f(x)=x3
) (,f()):
y3=32(x)
) ():
e-f(x)=x+c
c=0(x=1).
f(x)=-lnx.
385
) ,f(x)<0.
:
) f(x)f(x0),A(x0,x0+),f(x0),
f(x)f(x)=e2f(x)f(x)
([f (x)] )= ( e
2
2f (x)
) ,,,f(x0)=0,
)
.
:
c=0
.
[f (x)] 2 = e2f (x) + c == ( ef (x) )
:
f(x)=-ef(x)
f(x),:
f(1)=-1<0
) ,,0.
.
.
),,,.
11.3
().
) .
4
11.4
...:
1(,),:
f () f () f ()
f (1 ) =
=

) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
2(,),:
f ( 2 ) =
f () f () f ()
=

(1,2),:
f () =
=
f ( 2 ) f (1 )
f ()
1
1
=
=
2 1
2 1
f () +
f ()( )
=
<0
2 1 ( )( )
(2 1 )( )( )
.
12. -
--6--
1
. .
. .
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
11. -
----
11.1
.
11.2
) ,f(x)>0,,.
386 -
2
) =(0,+)f(x)=(x2)lnx.
) f.
:x=1x=2
) f(0,1][2,+)
[1,2].
7
) f (1) = .
4
3
) f(-1)=15f(2)=-12.
) :
) , lim f (x) = .

x
) f (R)=R.

1 3x 3 2x 2 1
=
=
x
x
(x 1)(3x 2 + x + 1)

=
x
) .
f (x) = 3x 2 2x

13. ,
DeLHospital
f(x)=0x=1
f(x),f-
----
(0,1]

[1,+).
13.1
. .

) f:
f(1)=0
f.:
f(x)f(1)x3x2lnx0
x3x2+lnx
. ) 1.
) 2.
)x=1,x=-1.
) y=1.
) y=3x5.
) x, lim f (x), lim+ f (x), +, .

x x0
x x0
) ,.
) y, lim f (x) = , lim f (x) = .
x +
) x=1,y=2.
) g(x)=x3x2lnx,x>0.:
) y = x + , , , lim
g
x0=1Df=(0,+)
.Fermat
g(1)=0.:
g(x) = 3x 2x
x

g(1)=032=0=1
2
x +
) (-,-1][2,+)f(x)-
. [-1,2] .
f (x)
, lim [f (x) x ].
x x +
)y=2x+1.
) i) 0.
ii) 0.
iii) 0.
iv) 1.
13.3
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
13.4
) 1,
4
) y=x+2.
13.2
x>0.
g(x)0=g(1)x>0
2,
3,
2,
3.
4,
5.
) 1,
387
14. ,
DeLHospital
--7--
1
(1)
2 == x. ,-
y=1x2R.
3
) :
f3(x)+f(x)=xx(1)
. .
(1)x=0:
. .
f3(0)+f(0)=0f(0)[f2(0)+1]=0
. Fermat.
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) .
f(0)=0
f2(0)+10.
) f,x0=0.
:
2
()
lim f (x) = f (0) == 0
) f=R.:
x 0
f(x)=3x26x2+222
) :
f(x)=6x62
f3(x)+f(x)=xx
f (x)=06x62=0x=2
f(x)[f2(x)+1]=xx
Cf,
f (x) =
, M ( 2, f (2) ) .
x x

f 2 (x) + 1
x0:
lim
x 0
= lim

:
f(2)=32332+232+22=
x 0
,Cf:
(2,22)
:
R,:
x 0
1
1
=
= 1, f(0)=0.
f 2 (x) + 1 f 2 (0) + 1
lim
x=2y=22(1)
:
(1)
x 0
f (x) 1
= .
x3
6
4
2
y = 2 = 1 2 == 1 x
388 -
x x 0
x x 0
x 1
lim
== lim
== lim
=
x 0
x 0
x 0 6x
x3
3x 2
6
lim
) M(x,y).
x x
1
lim 2

3
x
0
x
f (x) + 1
=22
x x
f (x)
1
= lim
2
=
3
x 0
x3
x
f
(x)
1
+
) fA=R{-1}.:
) f-
(x 1)3
f (x) =
=
2
(x + 1)
Cf(1,0).
3(x 1)2 (x + 1)2 2(x 1)3 (x + 1)

=
(x + 1) 4
) :
(x 1)2 (x + 1)(3x + 3 2x + 2) (x 1)2 (x + 5)

=
=
(x + 1)4
(x + 1)3
f(x)=0(x=1x=-5)
f ,
,f
,x=-1
Cf.
(x 1)3 =
lim f (x) = lim
x 1
x 1 (x + 1) 2
(-,-5] (-1,+)

[-5,-1).
(
(
)
x)
1 1
f (x)
(x 1)3
x
lim
= lim
=
lim
x + x
x + x(x + 1) 2
x +
1
1+
=1
x3 3x2 + 3x 1 x3 2x2 x
=
x+
(x + 1)2
lim [f(x) x] = lim

x+

(6)3
27
.
=
f (5) =
16
2
5x 2 + 2x 1
= 5
x + x 2 + 2x + 1
= lim
,y=x5
+.:
lim
f (x)
= 1 lim [ f (x) x ] = 5
x
x
,y=x5Cf
) :
-.
(x 1)2 (x + 5)
f (x) =
=
(x + 1)3
2(x 1)(x + 5) + (x +1)2 3(x 1)2 (x + 5)(x +1)2

=
=
(x +1)6
15.
24(x 1)

(x + 1) 4
----
f(x)=0x=1
15.1
:
. ) F(x)=x4+x2+x,G(x)=2x+3x.
) A = 3lnx +

:
f(-,-1)(-1,1].
f[1,+).
1
+ c, B=exln(x+1)+c,
x
=xx+c.
. ) =xx+x+c.
1
1
) A = x2x + 2x + c.
2
4
1 2
) A = ln x + c, =ln(x)+c.
2
389
15.4
5
7
+
) A =
dx =
x 2 x 3
= 5ln x 2 + 7ln x 3 + c = ln
x3
x2
+ c.
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
15.2
. ) f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)dx. ) xlnxx+c.
)
f (u)du, g(x),g(x)dx.
)
1
(x 2 4)100 + c.
200
)
1
1
,
, ln x + 1 + ln x + 2 + c
x +1 x + 2
( = ln (x + 1)(x + 2) + c ).
. )
f (x)dx, 0.
) e x
--8--
1
. .
. ) c,x+c.
) 0.
) c().
) f (x)dx, f (x)dx + g(x)dx.

) >0.
ii) -f(t).
iii) 0.
f (x)dx.
) f(g(x))g(x).
3
ii) 1.
iii) e1.
iv) 1.
x
+ c, ex+c.
ln
. .
. ) .
) .
) ().
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
) .
) .
. ) .
) .
).
f(x)=g(x)(1)
xR.,gf,
:
) .
) .
) -x+c,x+c.
) fg,:
15.3
x +1
+ c.
+1
2
) G()G(),G()G(), [ G(x)] .
. ) .
) ln x + c,
) e x +1x 2xe x +1.
) i) 0.
) -x+c,x+c.
)
) f (x)dx,
. ) i) f(x).
16.
+ c.
g(x)=f(x)(2)
xR.(1)(2):
f(x)+g(x)=g(x)+f(x)h(x)=h(x)
f(x)-g(x)=g(x)-f(x)=-[f(x)-g(x)]
(x)=-(x).
) xR:
) .
) .
390 -
H(x)=[e-xh(x)]=-e-xh(x)+e-xh(x)=
()
= e x [h(x) h(x)] == 0
H(x).:
(x)=[ex(x)]=ex(x)+ex(x)=
2=[-1,1]
3=[1,+).
()
= e x [(x) + (x) == 0
(x).
) ():
H(x)=c1(x)=c2
:
:
c1=H(0)=h(0)=f(0)+g(0)=2
f(-1)=-1f(1)=1
c2=(0)=(0)=f(0)g(0)=0
lim f (x) = lim
:
e x h(x) = 2
H(x) = 2
x

e (x) = 0
(x) = 0
f (x) + g(x) = 2e

f (x) g(x) = 0
lim f (x) = 0
f (x) = e

x
g(x) = e
x +
) x=0,
f(0)=0.:

2x
=0
x +1
2
3
f (-x)=- f (x) x R(1)

x=0(1):
f(0)=-f(0)2f(0)=0f(0)=0
f
1,23,:
f (1 ) = f (1), lim f (x) = [1, 0)
x
f(2)=[f(-1),f(1)]=[-1,1]
f ( 3 ) = lim f (x), f (1) = (0, 1]
x +
f(R)f:
f(R)=f(1)f(2)f(3)=
) :
2
=[-1,0)[-1,1](0,1]=[-1,1]
(x +1)f (x)2x(2)
xx,(2):
(x2+1)f(-x)2(-x)
) :
f (x) = 0
-(x2+1)f(x)-2x
(x2+1)f(x)2x(3)
(2)(3):
2x
(x + 1)f (x) = 2x f (x) = 2
x
x +1
2
2x
) f (x) = 2
, :
x +1
(x 2 + 1) 2x 2 2(1 x 2 )
f (x) = 2
= 2

(x 2 + 1)2
(x + 1)2
f(x)=0x=1x=-1
f1=(-,-1],
2x
=0 x=0
x2 + 1
[0,1]f(x)0.-
Cf ,xx
x=0x=1:
1
E = f (x)dx =
2
1 (x + 1)
2x
dx =
dx =
0
x +1
x2 + 1
2
= ln(x 2 + 1) = ln2
0
4
) fR
.x>0.:
391
g(x) = x f (t)dt = f (t)dt + x f (t)dt =

x

x
1 1
g(x) = f (t)dt f (t)dt = f 2 f (x) =
1
x x
1
x
1
1 12
x2 1
1
1 x2
x2
= 2
=
x x 2 + 1 x 4 + 1 (1 + x 2 ) 1 + x 4
x2
x2
1 x
(x + 1) x + 1
1 x
(1 + x ) 1 + x
=0
x<0 :
1
x
x
1
x
1
g(x) = f (t)dt = f (t)dt + f (t)dt =

x
1
x
1
= f (t)dt f (t)dt
1

1 1
g(x) = f 2 f (x) = 0
x x
g(x)=0xR*.

*
) g(x)=0 x R , :

c , x < 0

g(x) = 1
c2 , x > 0
g(1)=0g(-1)=0.g(x)=0-
x0.:
1
I = f (x)dx = 0 0
--9--
1
. ) 0,-.
f (x)dx,
f (x)dx.
)
[f (x)g(x)] f (x)g(x)dx, u
) f (x)dx,
f (u)du,
g(x)dx.
)
f (x) g(x) dx.
. .
. ) ().
) .
).
) .
) .
) .
2
) Ff[,],
:
f (x)dx = F() F() 4 = 10 F() F() = 6
) :
f (x)dx = 0 F() F() = 0 F() = F()
F[,]()
(,)(
[,]),:
F(x)=f(x),F()=F()
Rolle(,)
,:
F()=0f()=0
3
) :
x
g(x) = f (t)dt (x 1)e1 x , x

1
gR:
g(x) =
( f (t)dt (x 1)e )=
x
1 x
= f (x) e1 x + (x 1)e1 x
) 0.
f (x)dx > 0.
u2
)
1
1 x
x
= 2
=
x 1 + 1 1 + 1 (1 + x 2 ) 1 + x 4
2
4
x
)f(x),f(g(x))g(x).
= x f (t)dt f (t)dt
)
(1)
g(x)0=g(1)
xR.g-
x0=1()-
f (x)dx + g(x)dx.
392 -
.
Fermat:
f (x) = f (xt)xdt + e x
0
f (x) = f (y)dy + e x
(1)
g(1) = 0 f (1) 1 = 0 f (1) = 1
(1)
(1)-
f(1)=1.
) Cf
A (1, f (1) ) :
yf(1)=f(1)(x1)y1=2(x1)
,f.f
.
) :
g(x)=[e-xf(x)x1]=
y=2x-1
=-e-xf(x)+e-xf(x)1(2)
) :
(1):
f (x) f (1)
f (1) = 2 lim
=2
x 1
x 1
f (x) 1
=2
x 1 x 1
f(x)=f(x)+ex
(2):
lim
h(x) =
f (x) 1
. :
x 1
g(x)=-e-xf(x)+e-x[f(x)+ex]1=
=-e-xf(x)+e-xf(x)+11=0
xR. g.
f (x)=(x1)h(x)+1(1)
) g,cR,:
g(x)=ce-xf(x)x1=c
lim h(x) = 2
x 1
f(x)=(x+1+c)ex
:
f (x) x 3 (1)
(x 1)h(x) + 1 x 3
== lim
=
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
(1):
A = lim
x3 1
= lim h(x)
=
x 1
x 1
= lim h(x) (x 2 + x + 1) = 2 3 = 1
x 1
=-1.
f(0)=e0=1
:
(0+1+c)e0=1c+1=1c=0
:
f(x)=(x+1)ex,xR
4
) xt=y,:
(xt)dt=dyxdt=dy
t
0
1
y
0
x
17.
17.1 :
22+1=022+1=0
:
:
1
f (x) = x f (xt)dt + e
0
(1)2+(1)2=0
:==1
393
17.2 ) :
w =
x 3 + y 3 = 2
2

2
x + y = 1 + xy
z=
x + y = 2
y = 2 x

2
2
2
x xy + y = 1
x 2x + 1 = 0
4 + 3i
4 3i
w z1 = w
z1 =
5
5
17.5 ) Im(z)=0.
:x2y2=1
:x=1,y=1
) :
) Re(z)=0.
2004
=(2+2i)
=2
2004
2004
=2
2004
(1+i)
=
:(x1)2+(y+1)2=32
= 2 2004 (1 + 2i 1)1002 =
=2
2004
1002
(2i)
2004
1002
= 2 2004 (1 + i)2
(-2
1002
3006
)=-2
:z=-23006
17.3 z=x+yi. :

z2(x,y)(2,0)
:
w=
4 + 3i
w
5
:
(x + y)(x 2 xy + y 2 ) = 2

x 2 xy + y 2 = 1
4 3i
z :
5
x 2 + y 2 2x + 4y 4x 2y 8
+
i
(x 2)2 + y 2
(x 2)2 + y 2
(1)
) (1)w-
,:
4x 2y 8
= 0 2x y 4 = 0
(x 2)2 + y 2
17.6 ) z=x+yix,yR.:
z 2 2z + 1 = 0
x 2 y 2 2x + 1 = 0
(1)

y=0

2
2
x y 2x + 1 = 0
(2)

x +1 = 0

:z1=1,z2=-12iz3=-1+2i
) ,z1,
z2z3,:
(AB) = (1 + 1)2 + 22 = 2 2
(2)
:2xy4=0(2,0)
) w,:
x 2 + y 2 2x + 4y
= 0 x 2 + y 2 2x + 4y = 0
(x 2)2 + y 2
(x22x)+(y2+4y)=0

() = 2 2
()=().
:
17.7 ) :
2
z + 16 = 4 z + 1 z + 16 = 16 z + 1
:(3)(2,0)
17.4 )
w == z .
) z z1 = , z1.
394 -
(x22x+1)+(y2+4y+4)=5
(x1)2+(y+2)2=5(3)
z = 16 z = 4
) :
()
z
+ 4 = z + 1 z + 16 = 4 z + 1 z = 4
4
z-
=4.
17.8 .
:
z = 2 w=2z+1.:
w 1

2z + 1 = w 2z = w 1 z =
2
:
w 1
= 2 w 1 = 4
z =2
2
:(x1)2+y2=16
17.9 :
= 3x
x = 2
3x yi
2
3
+ i =
+

2
2
= y
y = 2
2
:
x 2 + y 2 = 16
(,):
x2 y2
+
=1
36 4
17.11 ) z 4 =
3 1 + i
3z + i
3 + iz
1
z
w=
=
=
=
iz + 3 i 1 + 3 i + 3z w
z
:
1
2
ww = 1 w = 1 w = 1
w
z=x+yi.:
3(x + yi) i 3x + (3y 1)i
=

i(x + yi) + 3
(3 y) + xi
3x + (3y 1)i
(3 y) + xi
(z=1z=-1z=iz=-i)
(z =0
z = 1) ( z = 0 z = 1)
z = 1, :
==
zz = 1 z =
==1
1

z
:
z5 = z z5 =
z = 4, -
x +y =16. w=+i, ,R.
:
8
8z
8z
w=z+ 2
w=z+ w=z+
z
zz
z
w=z+
z 4 z = 0 z 4 1 = 0 (z 2 1)(z 2 + 1) = 0
17.10 z=x+yi.

2
z = 1, :
z=0.
x 2 + y 2 + 9 6y
z = 1)
z = 0, z=0,.
9(x 2 + y 2 ) 6y + 1
(z =0
z5 = z z = z z z 1 = 0
x2+y2=1
) z 5 = z :

w =
z z 1 = 0
:
w =
z :
z4 = z z z = 0
1
z = 1 zz = 1 z =
z
w=
2 2
+
=1
36 4
8z
x yi
+ i = x + yi +

16
2
1
z6 = 1
z
(z31)(z3+1)=0
(z1)(z2+z+1)(z+1)(z2z+1)=0
(z=1z2+z+1=0
z=-1z2z+1=0)
1 i 3
1 i 3
z =1 z =
z = 1 z =
2
2
395
) z1=3+9i.
:
0, 1, 1,
1 i 3 1 i 3
,

2
2
) :
z2=-13i
17.12 ) :
17.14 ) :
2+2+2=++
2
+ -2=++2

()2=()()
zw = z+w zw = z+w
(z w) ( z w ) = (z + w) ( z + w )
zw + wz = 0
:
) :
()3=()()()
zw + wz = 0 zw = wz
:
3
= ( )( )( ) ..
z
z
= u = u
w
w
u=+i,,R,:
u = u + i = ( i)
) :
= =
:
= = (AB) = () = ()
+i=-+i2=0=0
u=i.
17.15 ) Df=R,Dg=R*.
) x=1x=2.
17.13 :
) (1,0),(2,0).
) .
) x(-,1)(2,+).
)(0,1)(2,+).
17.16 x=y=0,f(0)=0
y=0.
:f(x)=x

z-
(1,3) = 2 10. -
17.17 ) xyf(x)f(y)
,x+yf(x)+f(y).
) y=x().
17.18 ) Df=(1,3).
( K, 2 10 ) . :
) .
:y=3x(1)
) x=2.
C:(x1)2+(y3)2=40(2)
(1)(2)-
17.19 ) Df=[-7,2].
(3,9) (-1,-3).
) ().
:
) ,.
396 -
) f(2)=-5f(-7)=13.
) ,0.:
) f(x)=-5f(x)=f(2).
:x=2
17.20 ) .
) ,f11.

2R

AB
2 = 2lim
2 = lim
2 =1
= lim
B A
0
0
AB 0 R
2
lim
17.23 ) :
) f-1(x)=ln(x+1)3,x(-1,+).
A = lim
17.21 ) ,Rf()=f().:
1
x
x +
=y
x
y
x ===
=1
lim
y 0
f(f())=f(f())(ff)()=(ff)()
:=1
f(f(f()))=f(f(f()))(fff)()=(fff)()
:
(fff)()-(ff)()=
=(fff)()-(ff)()=
) :
2
2
x
B = lim x 2 x = 2 lim x 2
2
x
x
x
:
) x=0:
(fff)(0)-(ff)(0)=0
lim
f ( f ( f (0) ) ) = f ( f (0) ) f ( f (0) ) = f (0)

11
11
2
x
=y
x
y
x ===
=1
lim
y 0
:=+
f(0)=0
17.24 ) f(Df=R),
= x. :
17.22 ) AB
2 2R

:
A = lim f (x) = lim

x +
:
x +
x2 + 1
=
x + x2 + 3
4
x2
1
= lim 2 = 0
x + x 4
x + x
2 2R
=
x = R
= lim
) :
) .:
=

2
AB
= R
= R AB = 2R
2
2
2
2
B = lim [f (x)x] = lim

x +
x +
(x 2 + 1)x

x4 + x2 + 3
:
f (x)x = f (x) x f (x) = f (x)
:
-f(x)f(x)xf(x)
:
lim [f (x)] = lim f (x) = 0
x +
x +
:
lim ( f (x)x ) = 0
x +
397
-
g()g()=[f()][f()]0
DeLHospital, lim x (
f()f().
:
x +
g()g()=0g()g()<0
y=x).
17.25 f (x) = x
4 5
+
+ +
x x2
x
(+)(1+) ..

:)=-1)=-1,=12
17.26 ) :
x 2
17.30 ) :
h(x)=f(x)g(x),x[0,1]
h[0,1],-
fg.
:
h(0)=f(0)g(0)=f(0)f(1)
1
x2
x
x 2 x 2

h(1)=f (1)g(1)=f(1)f(0)
1
x 2 ..
x
:
) lim e x = lim ey = 0. y =

y
x0
1
, -
x
h(0)h(1)=[f(0)f(1)][f(1)f(0)]=
=-[f(0)f(1)]2<0
y-,x0-.
f(0)f(1).
17.27 x>0 f (x) 5x . :
Bolzano,(0,1)
h()=0f()g()=0f()=g()
f (0) = lim f (x) = lim+ f (x)

x 0
x 0
lim+ f (x) lim+

x 0
,h()=0.:
x 0
) Cf
5x
f (0) 5
x
Cg (,),
x<0f(0)5.
(0,1).
:f(0)=5
17.28 (=x) f (x) =
1
1

+
x x
:
g(x)=(x)(x)f(x)+2x,x[,]
:

g()g()=- () <0

g[,]
17.31 :
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (0)
Bolzano.
x 0
17.29 g(x)=xf(x),x[,],:
g[,]
398 -
x 0
x<0 :
f (x) 2x +
x

x
:
f (x 0 ) =
f (0) 1
lim f (x) lim 2x +
x0
x
(1)
x 0
x>0:
x0f(x0)=f().
17.35 ) :
x

f (x) 2x +
x
f2(x)x4=2x2+1
f2(x)=x4+2x2+1
:
f2(x)=(x2+1)2
f (0) 1
lim f (x) lim+ 2x +
x 0+
x0
x
(2)
(x2+1)20xR,:
f(x)0,xR
:f(0)=1
) f.
17.32 ) =(-2,2).
f (3) + f (4)
= f ()
2
.
f(2000)=4106+1>0,:
) =+ =-.
f(x)>0
) f:
lim f (x) = +
x 2
:f(x)=x2+1,xR
lim f (x) =
x 2
17.36 ) :
:
f(xy)+f(x)+f(y)+3=x+y+xy(1)
f()=(-,+)=R
(1)x=y=1:

,f,
+-,R.
f(1)+f(1)+f(1)+3=33f(1)=0
f(1)=0
) y=1(1):
()
f (x) + f (x) + f (1) + 3 = x + 1 + x
17.33 f-
2
4
0 f (x)=x . (-,0)

(0,+) f.:
f(x)=x2f(x)=-x2
2
2
x , x < 0
x , x < 0

f (x) = 2
f (x) = 2
x , x 0
x , x 0
17.34 ) Bolzano:
f (1) + f (2)
g(x) = f (x)
[1, 2]
2
f(x)=x1(1)
.
(1)-
,.
2f(x)=2x2f(x)=x-1
) , x0 [3,4] :
) :
A = lim
x +
= lim
x +
x2x
x2x
= lim
=
f 2 (x) + 1 x + (x 1)2 + 1
x2x
1
2x
= lim
x2 2x + 2 x + 1 2 + 22
x
x
()
x+, x0
x>0.:
399
2x 1
2x
1 2x 1
=
,
x
x
x
x
x
x
(2)

1
1
lim = 0 = lim
x +
x
+
x
x
) m=,f
[,].
17.39 ) fx0=1,:
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1)
x 1
(2):
lim
x +
2x
=0
x
():
A=
1
0 = 0
1 0 + 0
17.37 :
f2(x)+2exf(x)=1+2ex
f2(x)+2exf(x)+e2x=1+2ex+e2x
[f(x)+ex]2=(1+ex)2
x
g(x)=f (x)+e .
2=-1
) :
lim
f (x) f (1)
=4
x 1
lim+
f (x) f (1)
= = 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
:=3,=2
17.40 ) .
) f(0)=0.
17.41 ) :
lim f (x) = 2
x 0
.:
g(x)=1+exf(x)=1,xR
x=0 :
2f(0)2f(0)=2
g(x)=-1exf(x)=-2ex1,xR
) :
f(2004)<0.
(x+2)2f(x)2(x2+x+2)2
:f(x)=-2ex1,xR
17.38 fm.
xf(x)2x2+x(1)
x>0(1):
:
x 1
mf ()3m3f ()3

mf()5m5f()5

mf()7m3f()7
) m<.f
[m,][,],[,],:
3f () + 5f () + 7f ()
f () =
..
15
400 -
,,
:
lim
x 0+
:
3f () + 5f () + 7f ()
m
M
15
f (x) 2
x +1
x
f (x) 2
=1
x
x<0(1):
f (x) 2
x +1
x
:
1
lim
x 0
f (x) 2
=1
x
:f(0)=1
) (1,4)(3,14).
17.42 ) :
g(h) =
:y=3x+1,y=7x-7
f (2 + h) 3
, h 0 ..
h
:f(2)=3
) f(2)=5.
17.48 ) y=3x2,y=3x+2.
) :
17.43 :
1:y=3x+2,2:y=27x54
f (0) = 1 lim
x 0
f (x) f (0)
=1
x
3: y =
f (3x) f (0) f (2x) f (0) f (x) f (0)

A = lim
+
+

x 0
x
x
x
:=6
17.44 ) =2f()2f().
17.49 ) y=x1.
) (,f())
Cf.:
f () = 1
..
f () = = 1
) =g()f()f()g().
17.45 :
lim
f (x) f ()
x
= lim
x
= lim
x
f (x) f ()
x
=
17.50 Ch(,h())-
,h()=0.:
( f (x) f () )( f (x) + f () ) =
(x ) ( f (x) + f () )
f 2 (x) f 2 ()
=
x (x ) f (x) + f ()
(
)
= lim
f (x) f () f (x) + f ()
= lim
x
f (x) + f ()
x
..
: f () =
f()
f ()
f()
17.46 f(x)=x2+x+,:
=
27
(x 1)
4
f () f ()
= ( + ) +
h(x) =
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)

g 2 (x)
:
h()=0f()g()f()g()=0
f()g()=f()g()
f () f () (1)
f ()
=
h() =

g() g()
g()
17.51 :
f(1)=g(1)+=-2
f(1)=g(1)2+=1
:=3,=-5,y=x-1
=f()=2+
:
=2+=(+)+
+

=
2
17.47 ) (1,4).
:y=3x+1
17.52 ) xR:
x2 + 1 2xex (x2 + 1)ex
x2 2x + 1

f (x) = x =
=
x 2
(e )
ex
e
f (x) = =
x 2 4x + 3

ex
401
) :
x2 2x +1
(x 1)2
f(x) =
= x < 0 x1
x
e
e
x 2 4x + 3 (x 1)(x 3)

f (x) =
=
ex
ex
f(-,1),(3,+)
(1,3).
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1)
x 1
+1=1++=-1(1)
f(0,2),
x0=1.:
lim
x 1
) f-
,(f),f,.
: A ( 1, f (1) ) B ( 3, f (3) )
x 1
f (x) f (1)
x 2 + x 1 + 2 (1)
= lim
==
x 1
x 1
x 1
= lim
x 1
lim+
x 1
x 2 + (1 )x + 1
= lim (x 1) = 1
x 1
x 1
f (x) f (1)
x + ( + 1)
= lim+
=1
x 1
x 1
x 1
1=1=2.
17.53 ) :
:=2,=-3,=-3
[f(-x)]=[-f(x)]f(-x)(-x)=-f(x)
-f(-x)=-f(x)f(-x)=f(x)(1)
17.56 Rolle:
g(x)=f(x)x2,x[0,2]
(1)f .
) f,
17.57 :
(1):
x3 5 2
x + 4x +
3 2
f(x)=0-
[f(-x)]=[f(x)]f(-x)(-x)=f(x)
-f(-x)=f(x)f(-x)=-f(x)(2)
f.(2)x=0
:
f (x) =
(2,3).12,1<2,
,f(1)=f(2)=0.
f(0)=-f(0)f(0)=0
17.54 f(2)=3.Cf
(2,3) :

Rolle (1,2)-
,f()=0.:
y=4x+6
f(x)=x2-5x+4
=4,:
f()=025+4=01=12=4,
f(2)=4(1)
:
g(1)=3,g(1)=f(2)=4
:y=4x-1
17.55 :
.
17.58 :
F(x)=x4+2x32(+1)x2+x
f.F
[0,1](0,1),F(0)=0
f(0)=f(2)-1=2+=-3
f[0,2],f-
x0=1. :
402 -
F(1)=+222+=0,F(0)=F(1).
Rolle(0,1)
,F()=0f()=0.
17.59 f (x)=x3+x2+3x+, f (R)=R
17.64 x,:
f.
f (x) =
17.60 ) :
f(x)(x)(x)=(x)+(x)
f(0)=g(0)=1f(1)=g(1)=3
ef(x)f(x)(x)(x)+
) Rolle:
+(x)ef(x)+(x)ef(x)=0
h(x)=f(x)g(x)=3x+x23x1
( ef (x) )(x )(x ) + (x )(x )ef (x) +
.
+(x)(x)ef(x)=0
17.61 = -3,
(1,3),f()=-3.f
R [1,3]
(1,3). ...
(1,3),:
f (3) f (1) 7 13
f () =
=
= 3
3 1
2
[ef(x)(x)(x)]=0
g(x)=ef(x)(x)(x),
x[,]Rolle.
17.65 ) x0R.:
f (x) f (x 0 ) (x x 0 ) 4
xx0:
f (x) f (x 0 )
17.62 ... f (x)=x

x x0
5 6
x , .
18 18
17.63 ) ...:
f (0) f ( 2) f (0) + 2
=

1(-2,0): f (1 ) =
0 (2)
2
f(0)+2=2f(1)
f (2) f (0) 2 f (0)

2 (0,2): f ( 2 ) =
=
2
2
) f(x)1x(-2,2),:
f (0) + 2
f (1 ) 1
1
2
f(0)+22f(0)0(1)
f ( 2 ) 1
2 f (0)
1
2
2-f(0)2f(0)0(2)
(1)(2)f(0)=0.
x x0
x x0
f (x) f (x 0 )
x x0
x x0
x x0

3
f (x) f (x 0 )
x x0
x x0
..
) f(x)=0xR,f-
.
f(x)=c,xR.x=2003-
:
f(2003)=cc=2004
:
2-f(0)=2f(2)
1
1
+

x x

f (x)=2004xR.
17.66 ) yR(y=x0).-
:
(x y)2 f (x) f (y) (x y)2
, x<y
xy
xy
xy
(x y)2 f (x) f (y) (x y)2
, x>y
xy
xy
xy
:f(y)=0,f(x)=0
403
) :
) f.
:f(x)=2004
x>1h(x)<h(1)
f(x)g(x)<f(1)g(1)
17.67 ) h(x)=0(x)=0.
f(x)<g(x)
) h(x)=0 (x)=0.
f(x)<g(x)x(1,+).
17.68 -
f(x)=0xRf(x)=2f(x)
xR..:
f (x) [ f (x) 2f (x)] = 0 f 2 (x) 2f (x)f (x) = 0

f 2 (x) = ( f 2 (x) ) f 2 (x) = ce x
(1)
) x=1.
) x=0.
17.73 h(x)=f(x)g(x)==exe-x+x3+2x,
x=0 (1):
2
17.72 .
h(x)>0..h(0)=0.
f (0)=ce c=1(2)
:(0,4)
(1)(2):
17.74 .
f2(x)=exxR
f.
,f(0)=1>0.
x
2
) x=0.
) x>0f(x)>f(0).
: f(x) = e
17.69 )
f (x) = 2
2x 2 + 5x + 2
.
(x 2 1)2
) [-2,-1), 1, ..
2

) f ()=(0,+).
17.70 f<0
=0.
:[-6,6]
17.75 )
f (x) =
x2 + 1
< 0.
(x 2 1)2
:(-,-1),(-1,1),(1,+)
) R.
17.76 ) 2f(x)=[1+f(x)]x,:
2f(x)=xf(x)+1+f(x)f(x)=xf(x)+1
[f(x)]=[xf(x)+1]
f(x)=f(x)+xf(x)xf(x)=0
x0,f(x)=0,:
17.71 ) h(x)=f(x)g(x),
c1 , x < 0
f (x) = , x = 0
c , x > 0
2
xR.:
h(x)=[f(x)g(x)]=f(x)g(x)<0
xR.h.
=f(0).
:
) :
x<1h(x)>h(1)
f(x)=[f(x)]=[x]f(x)=x+
f (x)g(x)>f (1)g(1)
x 2
x 2
f (x) =
+ x f (x) =
+ x +
2
2
f (x)g(x)>0f (x)>g(x)
404 -
) f(1)=0.
:
:x=1
f(0)=1=1
) >1 :
f(0)=1=1
+ + = 3 =1 = 2
2
2
f (1) = 3
:f(x)=x2+x+1
:x(-,1]
0<<1:
f(x)0f(x)f(1)
) =-,=+,f(R)=R.
2[f(x)g(x)][f(x)g(x)]=0
) f(R)=R().
([f(x)g(x)]2)=0
[f(x)g(x)]2=c
17.80 ) :
x=0:
f (x) =
[f(0)g(0)]2=cc=1
[f(x)g(x)]2=1.
f(x)0f(x)f(1)
:x[1,+)
17.77 ) :
2
1 lnx

x2
f(x)=0x=e
) h(x)=f (x)g(x), h (x)=1. h

h(x)0 x R, h
.:
h(x)=1f(x)g(x)=1f(x)=g(x)+1
xR
h(x)=-1f(x)g(x)=-1f(x)=g(x)1
xR.
f (e) =
1
.
e
) >e,:
17.78 ) =R*.(-
f () < f (e)
).
ln 1
< eln <
lne<e<e
) .
) :
f (x) f (e)
lnx 1
lnx e x x e e x
x
e
) +1>e,f(+1)<f()..

) f(-40)=-300
) Fermatg(x)=xx,x>0.
g(x)g(),g()=0,..
f (40)=20 .
17.79 ) :
17.81 f.-
:
f(x)=xln+-1
f2(x)=(ex1)2
f(x)>0,>1f(x)<0,0<<1
f2(x)=0(ex1)2=0x=0
405
f-
17.86 f(-1)=0,.
(-,0) (0,+). :

:=0=1
f (x)=e 1f (x)=-e +1

e 1, x < 0
e + 1, x < 0

f(x) = x
f(x) = x
e
+
1,
0
e + 1, x 0
f,:
f(x)=ex1,xR
17.82 ) f(x)=4(x2)lnx,x>0.
:(0,1],[2,+),
[1,2]
) f(1)=9.

17.87 ) g(x)g(0).
) Fermatg(0)=0.
17.88 ) f(-2)=-20.f(2)=12
.
) .
) f(R)=R.
) ,f(R)=R.
17.89 :
f(x)=2(x+1)(1)x22x2,x0
f (2)=- 8ln2+14 .
17.83 x=. f ()=0.

2++1=0,.
17.84 Fermat:
f(x)=x+x2
:
f(x)0=f(0)
f(0)=0..
f [0,+) :

f(x)=2(x+1)-12(1)x2
f(x)=2(1)(x+1)-22(1)
f(x)[f2(x)+1]=x2+1

f(x)=02(1)[(x+1)-21]=0x=0
17.85 ) :
f (x) =

x +1
>0
f 2 (x) + 1
x R. f.
) f(x),-
x0.
f(x)>0x>0,f
[0,+).:
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f[0,+).:
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
,.x=0:
f(0)[f2(0)+3]=0f(0)=0
:
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
::
f(x)<0,x<0,
f(x)>0,x>0
406 -
17.90 )
E(x) = 5x +
1620
+ 300, x > 0
x
) 20cm24cm
17.91 ) :
400 300
(x 10)
10 20
y400=-10(x10)y=50010x
y 400 =
,x,
x<1g(x)<g(1)=0.x>1:
y=50010x.
:
g(x)<g(1)=0
g(x)<0 x1g(1)=0.
E(x)=xy=x(50010x)
g.
:
E(x)=500x10x2,0<x30
) :
E(x)=50020x
) f=(0,+).
E(x)=050020x=0x=25
:

E(x),
x=25,25.
f(x)=12lnx+1212x=12(lnx+1x)=12g(x)
f(x)<00<x1f
()x=1,
f=(0,+).
:f
17.96 ) [-1,1]..
) x=-1x=1.
) x=1,x=-2.
) :
(25)=25(5001025)=25250=
=6250
17.92 ) f (x) = 6x 18 + 12 , x > 0.

x
) (0,1],[2,+)[1,2].
17.97 =3,=-1=-2.
17.98 :
():y=2x+
2 = lim
x +
f (x)
+1

=2 =5
x
3
= lim [f (x) 2x] = 2
) x=1,x=2.
x +
17.93 f(x)=x2x+1.-
<0=0.
:[-2,2]
:=5,=-2
17.99 :
f (x)
lim
=3
x + x
[f (x) 3x ] = 2
xlim
+
17.94 f(1)=0f(2)=0,!
:=1,=2
:=1
17.95 ) g(0,+).:
g(x) =
1
1 x
1 =
, x>0
x
x
g(x)=0x=1
17.100 :
lim
x +
f (x)
= 3 lim [f (x) 3x] = 4
x +
x
407
f (x)
+6
x
3 + 6
=1
=1
lim
2
x +
4+5
[f (x) 3x] + 5 +
x
lim
x 0
x xe x 0
(x xe x )
A = lim
== lim
=
2
x 0
x 0
x
(x 2 )
:=1
17.101 DeLHospital
,
lim f (x), :
x
(1)
) :
3=3=1
lim
f (x)
=1
x
f (x) f ()

x
x e x xe x 0
x e x e x xe x
== lim
=
x 0
x 0
2x
2
2
=
= 1
2
= lim
) :
f (x)
f ().
xf (x)
x
= lim
=
x 0 x xe x
x 0 x xe x
B = lim
17.102 ) g(x)=exx1,:
x2
g(0)=0g(x)=e -1
f (x)
() f (0)
x
=
==
= 1
x
x xe
1
lim
x 0
x2
lim
x 0
17.104 ) x=0ef(0)+f(0)=1.-

g(x)=ex+x1.:
g x=0 -
g(0)=0
.
g(x)=ex+1>0
) :
g,x=0
.:
(exx1)f(x)=1x
1 x

f (x) = x
e x 1
x0.,fx0=0
f (0) = lim f (x) ..
ef(0)+f(0)=1g(f(0))=0
g(f(0))=g(0)f(0)=0
g11.
) :
x 0
ef(x)f(x)+f(x)=x1
x 1
f (x) =
0
1 + ef (x)
:f(0)=1
) :
1 x
, x 0
f (x) = e x x 1
1,
x
=
0
().
xR.:
x1=0x=2

Z f(x).f-
.
17.103 :
) :
f (0) = 1 lim
x 0
f (x) f (0)
=1
x0
408 -
A = lim
x 0
1
x 1
=
1 + ef (x)
x4
17.106 )
1
x 1 0 1
x 0
=
lim
== lim
==
1 + 1 x 0 x4
2 x 0 4x 3
1
x
1
x
= lim
= lim 2 =
2
x
0
x
0
8
3x
24
x
f (x) =
2(x 1)3
.
x3
) f(0,1]
[1,+).
) x2(x0)-
:
f(x)=0.
lim f (x) = f (0) = 0
:x=1
x 0
f x0=0.
) :
lim
17.105 ) :
x +
lim f (x) = f (0)

x 0
f (x)
= 2 lim [f (x) + 2x] = +
x +
x
17.107 .
x=0:
f(0)[f2(0)+3]=0f(0)=0
:f(0)=0
) :
f(x)[f2(x)+1]=ex-1
f(x)=0x=0
f(-,0]-
[0,+). f (0)=0 -
f(x).
) :
ex 1
f (x)
1
= lim
2
==1
x 0
x 0
x
x
f
(x)
1
+
A = lim

e x 1
f (x) = 2
..
f (x) + 1
17.108 ) :
f(x) =
x3 + 3x 4
6(2 x)
..
f(x) =
x3
x4
) Cff(x)=,
x0.
:<0,
=0,
>0,
) x=0 .,
17.109 .
x0f(x)>0,f(x)0.
) .
409
) ()x=0.
:x=0
)f(x)f(0)=0.
17.112 f(x)=x3+2x2+2.
17.113 f(x)=x+ln(x+1)+2.
17.110 )
f (x) = e x +
17.114 ) =xx+c.
) =-xx+c.
(x + 1)
, x .
x2 + 1
) f(x)>0,f.
) f(x)=0
(e-x).
:x=0
) =+, lim e x = 0.
17.115 :
(,F())(,F())
CF:y=2004.
:
F()=F()=2004
FR,
x +
RolleF
17.111 ) =(-1,+).
[,].(,),:
F()=0f()=0
) :
f (x) = e x
1

x +1
f(x)0xR.
17.116 :

1
f (x) = e +
>0
(x + 1)2
x
f (x) = 2f (x)
f (x)
= 2 [lnf (x)]= 2
f (x)
f(0)=0.f..
:f(x)=e2x
(-1,0] f [0,+)

.
(1)
17.117 ) x=0f(0)=1.:
2f(x)f(x)=2(ex+1)ex
[f2(x)]=2(ex+1)(ex+1)
[f2(x)]=[(ex+1)2]
f2(x)=(ex+1)2+c

) f(0)=0.

) lim f (x) = +, f ()=[0,+). (-

x 1
lim f (x), f(0)=0

x +
lim f (x) = +. )
x 1
410 -
x=0c=0.
2(ex+1)ex=2e2x+2ex=(e2x+2ex).:
[f2(x)]=(e2x+2ex)f2(x)=e2x+2ex+c
x=0c=1,:
f2(x)=(ex+1)2
) f.f-
R.
) :
= x ln(2 + x)dx =
:f(x)=ex+1
17.118 ) :
x 3
x3
x3 1
A = x2lnxdx = lnxdx = lnx dx =
3
3 x
3
x3
x3
1
1
lnx + c = x 3 lnx + c
3
9
3
3
x
1
x
11
lnx x 2 dx = lnx x 3 + c =
3
3
3
3 3
) ,
.(x+2)=1:
B = ln(x + 2)dx = (x + 2)ln(x + 2)dx =
1
= (x + 2)ln(x + 2) (x + 2)
dx =
x+2
= (x + 2)ln(x + 2) 1dx = (x + 2)ln(x + 2) x + c
) :
=
lnx
2 x
= x lnx
dx = lnx ( x )dx =
1
1
x dx = xlnx
dx =
x
x
= x lnx 2 x + c
17.119 f (x)ex dx f (x)ex dx = c 0.

17.120 ) :
A=
2x
2x
dx =
dx =
1 2x
2 2 x
x
1
dx = x 2 dx =
2 x
x
= x(x)dx = xx (x)dx =
x
(x)
= xx +
dx = xx +
dx =
x
x
= xx + ln x + c = xx + ln(x) + c
= (2 + x)ln(2 + x)dx =
= (2 + x)ln(2 + x) + (2 + x)
1
(x)dx =
2 + x
= (2 + x)ln(2 + x) x dx =
=-(2+x)ln(2+x)+x+c
17.121 ) :
A=
=
lnx
1
1
dx = lnx 2 dx = lnx dx =
x2
x
x
lnx
1 1
lnx
1
lnx 1
+
dx =
+
dx =
+c
x x x
x x2
x
x
) :
B=
2x
2x
x
dx =
dx =
dx =
1 + 2x
2 2 x
2 x
= x
1
dx = x(x)dx = xx x dx =
2 x
= xx
x
(x)
dx = xx +
dx =
x
x
=xx+ln(x)+c
17.122 :
1
I = ln xdx = (x)ln xdx = xln x xln 1x dx =
x
= xln x ln 1x dx = xln x I 1
+-1=xlnx.
17.123 ) :
A = x ln(1 + x)dx = (x)ln(1 + x)dx =
= x ln(1 + x) + x
= x ln(1 + x) +
= x ln(1 + x) +
1
xdx =
1 + x
2 x
dx =
1 + x
(1 x)(1 + x)
dx =
1 + x
411
= ln x 2 + 3x + 2 + c = ln(x 2 + 3x + 2) + c
= x ln(1 + x) + (1 x)dx =
x2+3x+2>0x>-1.
=-xln(1+x)+x+x+c
) x = y 0. x=y2dx=2ydy.
:
-
.
= (x + 1) x dx = (y 2 + 1)y(2ydy) =
= (2y 4 + 2y 2 )dy =
) :
2y 5 2y 3
+
+c=
5
3
5
3
2
( x ) + 2 ( x ) + c = 2 x2 x + 2 x x + c
5
3
5
3
3x + 4
I2 = x + 1 + 2
dx
+ 3x + 2
x
:
K=
) x = y, :
2
x = y
dx = 2ydy

(2)
:
:
K=
(2)
= e x dx == e y (2ydy) = 2ye y dy = 2y(e y )dy =
= 2yey 2eydy = 2yey 2ey + c = 2 xe
2e
3x + 4
A
B
=
+
=
(x + 1)(x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
=
+c
A(x + 2) + B(x + 1)

(x + 1)(x + 2)
:
17.124 ) :
(x+2)+B(x+1)=3x+4(2)
2x + 3
2x + 3
A
B
=
=
+
x 2 + 3x + 2 (x + 1)(x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
(1)
(2):
(+)x+(2+)=3x+4
.(1):
A+B=3
A = 1

2A
B
4
+
=
B = 2
2x + 3
A(x + 2) + B(x + 1)
=

x 2 + 3x + 2
(x + 1)(x + 2)
(x+2)+B(x+1)=2x+3
(A+B)x+2+=2x+3
A+B=2
A = 1

2A
B
3
+
=
B =1
1
1
+
dx =
: I 1 =
x
+
1
x
+
2
= ln x + 1 + ln x + 2 + c = ln [(x + 1)(x + 2)] + c
K =
1
2
+
, :
x +1 x + 2
1
2
I2 = x + 1 +
+
dx =
x
1
x
2
+
+
x2
+ x + ln x + 1 + 2ln x + 2 + c
2
17.125 ) ex=y.:
(ex)dx=dyexdx=dy
,:
:
A=
3x + 4

x 2 + 3x + 2
2x + 3
(x 2 + 3x + 2)
dx = 2
dx =
x + 3x + 2
x + 3x + 2
2
412 -
3e2x 4e x
(3e x 4)(e x dx)
dx
=
(ex )2 3ex + 2 =
e2x 3e x + 2
17.130 -
(3y 4)dy
3y 4
= 2
dy =
2
y 3y + 2
y 3y + 2
.
1
2
=
+
dy
y
1
y
2
: A =
: A = ln e x - 1 + 2ln e x - 2 + c
17.131 ) =4.
ln2
116

,B =
4
2
15
) B =
) 1 + e x = y, y>0.
3
2(
2
1 + e x ) + c = (1 + e x ) 1 + e x + c
3
3
: B =
17.126 :
17.132 :
2
1
1
2
+
A = 2x 1 +
dx ..
1
x x 3 x + 3
f(x)+f(x)=xe-2x(1)
:=2+2ln52ln2
e :
17.133 f-
[f(x)+f(x)]ex=xe-x[f(x)ex]=xe-x
,.-
:
.:
f (x)e x = xe x dx = x(e x )dx =

= xe x + e x dx = xe x e x + c = (x + 1)e x + c
:
g(x) =
f (t)dt + xf (x) xf (x) =

x
= e x = e + 1 = 1 e
0
g(x) = xf(t)dt tf(t)dt = x f(t)dt tf(t)dt
17.134 ) :
x
= f (1) 0 2xe x dx = 0 e x (x 2 )dx =
:f(x)=-(x+1)e-2x
17.127 :
I = f (x)dx = (x)f (x)dx = [ xf (x)] 0 xf (x)dx =

0
f(x)=-(x+1)e-2x+ce-x
g(x) =
2
.
4 3
f (t)dt
f (t)dt = f (x) > 0 xR.
17.128 f,-
4
0
= 2 x
: f(x) = 2 -
1
.
x2
1
,x >0
x
1x 4
1
=
I 2
I 2 =
I =
17.129 f (x) =
x
1
4
dx
2 x
=
1 dx =
2
2
0
x
x
x2f(x2)2x=4x3+6x2(1)
2f(1)=10f(1)=5
= 4 2 x (x)dx 4 2 x dx =
:
(1)x=1:
I = 4 x dx = 4 2 x 2 x dx =
1
I 2 , >2.
1
1 1
) I 5 = ln2 (()).
4 2
17.135 ) :
y=0(x=0x=6)
413
17.138 f(x)=x1.
C1C2.
17.139 ) y=-2x+9.
) E =
7
.
12
17.140
4
E = 2 + .
3
17.141 ) f(x)>0,:

) .
f (x) = x 2 f (x)
6
5
10 4
8
) E = x 2 + x x 2 + x dx
0
9
3
9
3

1
1
( lnf (x) )= lnf (x) = + c1
x
x
17.136 ) x=-y.
f (x) = e
) :
f (x) 1
=

f (x) x 2
1
+ c1
x
f (x) = ce
f (1) =
:
I = xf (x)dx
0
) :
:
g(x) =

x
I = f (x)dx =
dx =
2 0
2 0 3 + 2 x
=
2004
2004
ce 1 =
c = 2004
e
e
f (x) = 2004e x .
f (x)
>0
x2
x[1,2].:
x
dx
2 0 4 2 x
E = g(x)dx =
1
2
1
f (x) (1)
==
x2
2
1
= [ f (x)] 1 = f (2) f (1) = 2004e

2

1 1
1 1
dy =
dy =
2
1
2
4y
2 1 4 y 2
ln3
4
17.137 DeLHospital.
2004
=
e
18.1.1 ) z1z2:
z2+z+=0
:
:=3
414 -
1
2
18.
1
1
dy ..
2 -1 (y 2)(y + 2)
: I =
f (x)dx =
1 1
= 2004

e e
x=y,xdx=-dy.:
1
x
:
x

f (x) =
3 + x2
I=
z1z2=z1+z2=-
z1 = z 2 = 1
18.1.4 ) .
:
) g(x)-
f(x).
= z1z 2 = z1 z 2 = 1
:0
= 1.
) f (0) = lim f (x) = 0.
) :
x 0
= z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 1 + 1
) ,(), lim
x 0
2.
18.1.5 ) :
) = 1, :
z2 + z + 1 = 0
(1)
lim
x 1
:
y 2
,(1):
1
( + i
2
z 2 =
2 lim+
x 1
1
( i )
2
:
1
z1 = z 2 =
2
=
1
2
+ =
1
2
+(
2
+4
f (y) f (2)
lim (x 2 + x + 1) = 3f (2)
y 2 x 1
) :
i
=

2
:
z1 =
f(x3 + 1) f(2) 2
f(x3 + 1) f(2)
= lim
(x + x + 1) =
3
x 1
x 1
(x
1)
= lim
= 40
z1,2
f (x)
.
x
f (2x) f (2)
f (y) f (2)
= 2 lim+
= 2f (2)
y 2
2x 2
y2
) 3f(2)=2f(2),g-
x2=1.
18.1.6 ) f(1)=g(1).
=
) f(1)=g(1).
1
4 =1
2
) ()().
:=-4,=7
18.1.2 ) x=y=0f(0)=0. 18.1.7 ) x=1.
y=0..
:f(3)=6
:f(x)=x
) .
:g(x)=x+1
18.1.3 ) x=1.
) :
(3x2+1)f(x3+x+1)=21x2-1
x=1.
) yf(3)=f(3)(x3).
:y=5x-9
:f(1)=1
) :
[f (x) x] 2 (x 1)2 f (x) x x 1
x x 1 f (x) x + x 1
lim f (x) = 1 = f (1) ().

x 1
18.1.8 ) 2<1<2<3.

Rolle[1,2]
,-
(2,3).
415
(1)(2):
) ().
) .,
f ()=0, f.
(,)=(i,-i)(,)=(-i,i).
) Rollef.
18.2.2 ) x=5:f (f (5))=5. x=f (5)
18.1.9 .
) A =
:
f(f(f(5)))=f2(5)9f(5)+25
lnx 1
+ c.
x
x
f(5)=f2(5)9f(5)+25..
) B = 2 x lnx 4 x + c,
1
x
= ( 2 x ).

f (2+h)=hg(h)
f (2) = lim f (2 + h) = = 0
h 0
) g(x)==f ((x+2))f ((-x))(-x)==

:f(0)=0
18.2.3 ) g(h) = f (2 + h) , h0.:
18.1.10 ) f (- x)=- f (x). x=0

x=5
) x=0 x=9 (ff)(x)=25.
1
x [ (lnx) (lnx)] + c.
2
) f(x)=x:
) =xln(1+x)+xx+c.
) =
=1(-)=12=-1=i
=f(x)+f(-x)=f(x)f(x)=0
) A = = lim
h 0
f (2 + h)
= 3.
h
) ().
:A=3
) g(1) = f (t)dt + 2004 = 2004.

1
:g(x)=2004
18.2.4 ) 4.
) ():
18.2.1 ) :
=1 =
=1 =
1
:
+ + 1 = + + 1 =
1 1
1 1
+ +1 = + +1 =

++=1++=1
) :
++1=++=1
:
1=1=1(1)
:
++1=+=0=-(2)
416 -
f (x)
f (x)
lim
+ 2 = 0 lim
= 2
x 0 x
x 0 x
) yf(0)=f(0)(x0)y=-2x.
18.2.5 ) :
f(x)x2+x

f (x1)x xxx+1.
1
) i) M , - :
2
yf()=f()(x)
ii) 2 2
1
= 0 :
2
=42+4+2>0
12 .
.
1
iii) 1+2=2 1 2 = . :
2
12=f(1)f(2)=(21+1)(22+1)=
18.2.9 )
x
A = + x + c, :
2
1 + x = 2 2
=412+2(1+2)+1=
1
= 4 + 2(2) + 1 = 1
2
1(1,f(1))2(2,f(2))
Cf.
18.2.6 ) y=x
x:
f(f(x)+x)(f(x)+1)=0f(x)=-1

x

2
) =xxln(x)+c,:
2x=12x
) =
1
ln(2x + 2x) + c.
4
) =-ln(1+2x)+c.
18.2.10 ) et-
.
:f(x)=exx-x

f (f (x)+x)0 ( f (x)0).

) f(x)=-x+cf(1)=2c1=2c=3.
:f(x)=3-x
) f(x)=2x+1,x0.
!
x 2 + x + , x < 0
f (x) =
,
x = 0
x 2 + x + , x > 0
) Dff=R(ff)(x)=f(f(x))=
:(ff)(x)=x
18.2.7 ) 2<1<2<3.

Rolle [1,2]
fx=0..
f(1)=3.
:f(x)=x2+x+1
,-
(2,3).
18.3.1 ) z5 = z, :
) ().
z5 = z z = z
) .,
z ( z 1) = 0
4
f()=0,f.
) Rolle f.
(z
= 0 z = 1)
z = z . z 01.
18.2.8 ) ,ln>0.
) z = 0 z = 0, z=0
) :
.
lim f (x) = 0 =
z = 1. :
z = 1 zz = 1 z =
lim f (x) = +
x +
:f(R)=R
) f(x22x)f(x2).
1

z
:
z5 = z z5 =
1
z6 = 1 (z3 1)(z3 + 1) = 0
z
:x[1,2]x=1x=2
(z1)(z 2 +z+1)(z+1)(z 2 z+1)=0
) , 0 f (R) f

.
1 i 3
1 i 3
z = 1 z = 1 z =
z=

2
2
417
) z0z6=1.

.
:
f(x1)f(x2)=(2x1+1)(2x2+1)==-1
((x1,f(x1))(x2,f(x2)).
18.3.2 ) -
iii) :
.
:yf(x1)=f(x1)(xx1)
) .
:yf(x2)=f(x2)(xx2)
) fg.f
g 11. , x=1 x=-1, -

:
f(x2)f(x1).
,:
(fg)(1)=(fg)(-1)=0,
y=
18.3.3 ) x=0.
1

2
18.3.6 ) ...f(t)=lnt,
) f(0).
) x3
x0.
[x,x+1].
) ...f(x)=xlnx[,](
,
18.3.4 .
) y=11x+6,y=11x26.
f).
18.3.7 ) f(x)=5x4+1>0,f
) y=-x+2.
.,f11.:
) (3,7):
lim f (x) =
yf()=f()(x)
=0=3.
lim f (x) = +
x +
f(R)=R().,:
f-1:RR
18.3.5 ) :
) :
f(x2)x23x+2
f(1)=-1f-1(-1)=1

f(x3)x25x+6
f 1 : &
f 1 (x2 + x 3) < 1 f 1(x2 + x 3) < f 1(1)
xx+2x+3.
) i) :
x2+x2<0x(-2,1)
18.3.8 ) :
: y = x +
2
2f(x)f(x)=2x[f2(x)]=(x2)
:
f2(x)=x2+c
x 2 + x = x +
x 2 + (1 )x = 0
2
2
==2+1>0.
ii) (1):
x1+x2=1 x1x 2 =
418 -

2
(1)
c=1,f(0)=1.
) f
R. f (0)=1. f (x)>0,
:
f (x) = x 2 + 1
) f (x) =
x
x2 + 1
. f
18.4.1 ) :
++=0(1)
(-,0][0,+).

= =
) f (0)=1 f:
:
lim f (x) = +
x +
:f(R)=[1,+)
f (x)
) lim
= 1 lim [ f (x) x ] = 0.
x x
x
:y=x,+,y=-x,-
18.3.9 ) ...f[,x][x,].
++=0=--
:
= + + =
2 + = + 2 =
.
) = , :
=
) f(,)1<2.

(2)
=.:
f (1)<f (2).
18.3.10 ) (-,1]
[2,3][1,2][3,+).
) f(1)=9f(3)=9-
f(2)=8.
==
.
18.4.2 ) f()=f().:
g(f())=g(f())+2=+2=
,f11.
) ==+.
) f11,:
) .
x27x+6=x1x28x+7=0
:x=1x=7
18.4.3 ) :

x , 0 0,
2 2
x().

) -
,,,.
:
<8,
=8(x=2),
(8,9),
=9(x=1x=3).
) ().
xx:
lim
x 0
f (x)
f (x)
= lim+
=1
x 0
x
x
18.4.4 ) :
2lim
h0
= 2 lim
y 0
f ( + 2h) f ()
=
2h
f ( + y) f ()
= 2f () = 4
y
419
) ().
) f ()-
()h0.
18.4.8 ) f:
+ +
, 2 , 2 ,
) ...f[,]().
18.4.5 ) f(x)=g(x)x=3.:
f(3)g(3)
18.4.9 ) :
:
) i) f()=g()=.
f(x)f(-x)=1=f(-x)f(x)
(xx).:
f(x)f(-x)f(x)f(-x)=0[f(x)f(-x)]=0
ii) :
:yf()=f()(x)y=
) f(-x)f(x)=1f(x)f(-x)=1-
:
:yg()=g()(x)y=
f(x)=f(x)
iii) (i)(ii):
+4=02=2-24
=1=5.
:y=-2x+6
f (x)=cex. -
,-
:
[f(x)e-x]=[f(x)f(x)]ex=0
f(x)e-x=c..
18.4.6 ) f(x)=g(x)(x=2x=-2)
:A(2,+12),(-2,+12)
) f(2)=g(2)=-4f(-2)=g(-2)=4.
) f()=f()=1,(,f())
.
18.4.10 ) =x-
) :
,f:
x=2x=-2
.
f (x) =
18.4.7 ) :
f()=f()=f()=0.
x 2x-1(x1) 0
) ().=x,:
.
:
2(x )

x
f (x) =
) x=y=0:f (f (0))=f (0)+2(1).

11
18.5.1 ) x x
.
(1)
f(0)=2.
f () = g()
=1.
)
f () = g()
420 -
<0
f.
(2)
) f(0)=2.(2)x=2:
f (2) = 2 + f (0) == f ( f (0) )
(x + )2
x>.<f()<f()=0,
y=-x:f(f(x)x)=f(0)+2.:
f (f (0)) = f (f (x) x) f (x) = x + f (0)
ln
:f(x)=x+1
1
) x .
x
: f(x) =
2

x
18.5.2 ) g2(x)=f2(x)+e2x2exf(x)=e2x0.
18.5.6 ) f()=0Fermat.
g.,
) x=.
R.
) x=:
x

x
) g(x)=e x R g(x)=- e

(2)3+3=32162311=0
x R.
(31)2=0=1
:f(x)=0f(x)=2ex
18.5.3 ) f(x)=lnx+1,:
18.5.7 ) .
:y+=(1)(x1)
:y=(1)x-1
:=1

) x + (y x + 1) = 0 R.

:
x=0yx+1=0
) f(x)=0,-
Rolle, f (x)=0
f.
) f(x)=0>0.:
f(x)=60(x2+2x+)
:(0,-1)

=424
18.5.4 ) Rolle g(x)=f (x)x

3
[,].
f (x + h) f (x)
18.5.8 ) lim
= f (x).
x 0
) Rolle:
g(x)=[f(x)f()](x)
) .
[,],(=x):
) f(x).
f () f (x)
f (x) =

x
) DeLHospital
f(x)(x)+[f(x)f()](x)=0
[f(x)f()](x)+[f(x)f()](x)=0
([f (x) f ()] (x ) )= 0

) i) Bolzano g(x) = f (x) x

[,].
ii) ...f[,][,].
18.5.9 ):
x
(x + 1)
1
1
=
=1

1 + x 1 + x 1 + x
2 2 x
2
)
1
e x .
x +1
) ex -
.x+ex=y..
18.5.5 ) h(x)==0.
) h(x)=cf(x)+f(x)=cex,c=2(x=0)
:g(x)=2ex
) (x)=f(x)ex+f(x)ex2e2x=
().
=[f(x)+f(x)]ex2e2x=2e2x2e2x=0
) (x)=cf(x)exe2x=cf(x)=ce-x+ex
f(0)=1,c=0.
:f(x)=ex
x
x
x
) x = 2 1 x = 2 2 .
2
2
2
18.5.10 ) g(x)=-f(x)+2x.
) g(x)0=g(2). Fermat
g(2)=0.
18.6.1 ) x=0(x=y=0).
421
) y=-x,f(-x)=-f(x).
) f
) .:
.f(0)=1>0.
f ((+1)x)=f (x+x)=f (x)+f (x)=
) f()
=f(x)+f(x)=(+1)f(x)
.. f (x)=f (x)

xRf(x)=-f(x)<0xR.
) N*.
f
=0.
,.f(x)=f(x).
=-,N*:
) f(x)=f(x)f(x)=cex,f(0)=1.:
f(x)=f(-x)=-f(x)=-f(x)=f(x)
18.6.2 )
lim
h 0
f(x)=ex
g(x) =
f(1+ h) f(1)
= 4
h0
h
f(1) = 4 lim
18.6.5 ) :
f (h)
=1
h
f(x)=12xlnx6x2+6
f (x)=12lnx+1212x
) :
lim
h 0
1
= e x
f (x)
f ( + h) f ()
= = 3 2 + 1
h
f (x) = 12
) f(x)=3x2+1=(x3+x),:
1 x

x
),),) -
.
f(x)=x3+x+c
f(0)=0(x=y=0).
:f(x)=x3+x
18.6.3 ) .
) f (x) = 0 x = . ln(x)0(0,).
2
:
) f f = 0.
2
: x =

) f (1)=0.

2
)f(x)=0.
:x=1
18.6.4 ) f(x),f(x)0 18.6.6 ) f ( e ) =

xR. g(x) =
g(x) =
g(x) =
1
:
f (x)
f (x)

f 2 (x)
1
.
f (x)
422 -
1
().
2e
) f (x) f ( e ) ..
2
) Fermat h(x) = x x 2 , :

h(x) 0 = h ( )
h( ) = 0.
18.6.7 )
f (0) = 0 lim
x 0
f (x) f (0)
= 0.
x
f (x)
f (0)=0, lim
= 0.
x 0 x

) ():f(0)=2..
18.7.2 ) g(x)0=g().
) Fermatg:
x0=(0,+)
18.7.3 ) :
f(x)=12x3+12x2=12x2(x+)
) x2, x0 -
:(-,-]
()().
[-,+)
18.6.8 ) =2.
) f(-)=344444+44=0.
) =3.
) f()0R.
) x2:
18.7.4 ) f-
1 2 + 2 + 0 + 0
= 4 2 + 2 = 12
3+00
f:
:=-7
18.6.9 )
g(x) = x f (t)dt tf (t).
:g(x)=f(x)
) f
) g.
f.
) .
18.6.10 ) =f(0)=2.
x
) g(x) = 2x f (t)dt + x 2 f (x).

0
x x 1
= .
x 0
x3
6
:=12,=6
) x3. lim
) DeLHospital
().:
1
+ B = 6 + 6 = 12
2
18.7.1 ) x=1x=f(1).
) .,f11.
) yRx=f(2y),:
f(x)=f(f(2y))=2(2y)=y
(.)
) f11,x2+x=2x+2.
:x=2,x=-1

) x=1.
18.7.5 ) f(0)=0f(0)=0.:
=f(0)=2
) DeLHospital.
) lim
x 0
g(x) g(0)
f (x) ()
= lim 2 == 1, g(0)=1.
x
0
x
x
xf (x) f (x)
, x 0

) g(x) =
x2
1,
x
=
0
f (x) f (x)
) lim g(x) = lim
2 ==
x 0
x 0
x
x

= 2 1 = 1 = g(0)
gx0.
423
18.7.6 ) :
( eF(x) )= ( e x +1 )
2
18.8.1 ) :
e F(x) = e x
+1
z3w = 1
+c
(1)
x=0c=0.
7
(2)
wz = 1
) f(x)=F(x)=2x.
(1)(2):
) f(x)=F(x)
:x=1

z 3 w = 1 z
w =1 z
w =1
) f (1)=2=F(1).
18.7.7 -
wz 7 = 1 w z = 1 w z = 1
,
.
) A =
w = w .
7
) B = xe
dx.
x +1
ex
+c
x +1
x + 1 = y.
20
: A =

3
w =1
) z = w = 1, :
z=
18.7.9 .
)
=1 z =1
z = 1
)
(4)
(3) w = 1. :
x2
1 x2
ln(x + 1) x + ln(x + 1) + c.
2
2 2
: A =
(3)(4):
18.7.8 .
(3)
1
1
w =
z
w
:
z 3 w = 1
z3
= 1 z3 = w
w
(5)
wz 7 = 1
w
= 1 w = z7
z7
(6)
(1)(2) z0 w0.

(5)(6):
x + 1 = y.
:B=2e2
) 1+ex=y.
:=1+exln(1+ex)+c
3
) = 2 + ln . x + 1 = y.
2
z0
z 3 = z 7 z 3 (z 4 1) = 0 z 4 1 = 0
(z21)(z2+1)=0
(z=-1z=1z=-iz=i)
(1) w =
18.7.10 ) f(x)>0x>1.
:=(1,+)
) -0.
w=
1
, :
z3
1
= z3
z3
1
z = . :
z
e
lnx 1
) E = f (x)dx =

1
x1
x
(z=-1,w=-1)(z=1,w=1)
: 1 -
424 -
2
..
e

(z=-i,w=i)(z=i,w=-i)
18.8.2 ) f=R.:
(2x + 2)(x 2 + 1) 2x(x + 1)2
=
(x 2 + 1)2
f (x) =
=
2(x + 1)(x 2 + 1 x 2 x) 2(x + 1)(1 x)

=

(x 2 + 1)2
(x 2 + 1)2
:(-,-1],[1,+)
[-1,1]
) f(-1)=0:
) :
4
xlnx = (x + 4)ln2 lnx 1 + ln2 = 0
x
x=4.:
4
g(x) = lnx 1 + ln2
x
.
18.8.5 ) x=0.
f (1)=2
:f(0)=0
.
) g(x)=e x1.
) :
:x=0
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = 1
) .:
x +
f()=0
:
1=(-,-1],2=[-1,1]3=[1,+)
x=.
f-
:
f(1)=[0,1),f(2)=[0,2]f(3)=(1,2]
:f(R)=[0,2]
:=0
) g(x)>0 x0 (
).
) +-.
:y=1
18.8.3 ) ...f[0,x].
) f,f(x)>0,
x>0f0.
18.8.6 )
x 2 + 1 > x 2 = x > x, :

x + x2 + 1 > 0
) :
g(x) =
xf (x) f (x) () xf (x) xf ()

==
=
x2
x2
=
) .
) f(x)>0,x=0
f.
f (x) f ()

x
:(-,0]
<xf()<f(x),f
.g.
18.8.4 ) x=1 .:

2 3 4
f (x) = + + 1
9 9 9
.
[0,+)
f(0)=0()
) f..
) f(x)=0x=0,-
f.
:x=0
425
18.8.7 ) :
18.8.11 )
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = = 1
x 0
x 0
f (x) =
x2 4

x3
:(-,-2],(0,2]
) :
[-2,0),[2,+)
f (x) f (0)
== +
lim
x 0
x
2

f (x) f (0)
lim
= = 1
x 0+
x
) g(x) =
(x 2) (1 x )

x2
:(0,1],[2,+)
[1,2]
(DeLHospital).
:=1,=-4
18.9.1 ) :
z=x+yi
18.8.8 ) f (0) = 1 f (1) = 1 .

2
2
:
():3x+4y25=0
) f11.
) ()
) Rollef[0,1].
(3,4).
:z0=3+4i, z0 = 5
18.8.9 ) x.
) :
) ()f(x)(x0).
z w z w 53 = 2
) ()x0.
18.9.2 ) y.
) :
x + , x < 0
f (x) =
1,
x = 0
x + , x > 0
) ()y=-2x
x-x.
) ().
f (0) = lim f (x) = lim+ f (x).

x 0
x 0
:f(x)=2-x
18.8.10 ) :
18.9.3 ) f(-,-1][0,+)
[-1,0].
) (0,1)(-1,1).
) f(0)f(-1)=-1.
f (x)
1
2
= 2x
= (x )
2
f (x)
f (x)
1

= x2 + c
f (x)
18.9.4 ),),) DeLHospital.

) x0(-
f(0)=-1c=1.
DeLHospital).
) :
1
1
1
=
= 2 y dx =
dy
x 2 + 1 2 y + 1
2 y
: I = -
426 -

4
18.9.5 )
f (x) =
x 2 2x 3
..
(x 1)2
: f(-1)=-1
f(3)=7
) f (x) =
18.9.8 ) 3x=y4x=y.
8

(x 1)3
: (1,+), (-,1)

) .
) ...().
18.9.9 ) f (x) = 1 x 2 ..
) x=1y=x+2.
) .
:3xy9=0,x+y+1=0
) f ()=(-,-1] [7,+).
).
) x=2.
: E =
32
..
3
18.9.10 ) f(x)==1+5x4
) f(x)=x5+x+c,f(0)=0c=0.
18.9.11 )
f (x) =
x
2 1 + x
.

: 0,
2

,
2
18.9.6 ) f(x)=ex-1xlnx1,:
1
> 0 f (1) = f (1) = f (1) = 0
x2
f,f,
ff.
f (x) = e x 1 +
) f = 2 :
2
f(0)=f()=1
.
) :
:x=1
) f(x)f(1)x1,f
.
18.9.7 ) F(x)F(-x)=1. x

x.
E = f (x)dx =
0
=
0
) F(x)F(-x)=1=F(-x)F(x),:
[F(x)F(-x)]=0F(x)F(-x)=c
x
x
x
2x
+ 2 + 2 dx =

2
2
2
2
x
x
x
x
+ dx = + dx
0
2
2
2
2
:=4..
18.9.12 ) (-,][,+)
F(0)=1.
.
) F(x)=F(x).
) (,f()).
g(x)==0.
) g(x)=c..
:(,-2)
) y=-x2.
427
20.

= 1 zz = 1 z =
1

z
) :
20.1 ) :
f (z) + f ( z ) = z + z
) z = 1, :
z 2 + z + 1 z 2 + z + 1 ()
w= 2
==
= 2
z z +1 z z +1
(1)
( 1 ) + ( 1z ) + 1 = 1 + z + z
= z
( 1z ) ( 1z ) + 1 1 z + z
2
(1)z z :
( )
f( z )+f z = z + z f( z )+f( z )=2 z
2f ( z ) = 2 z f ( z ) = z
2
2
w = w.
) f ( z ) = z , (1):
20.4 ) :
f (z) + z = z + z f (z) = z, z
z 1 + z 3 2i
20.2 ) z=x+yix,yR.:
=6
(x 1) + yi + (x 3) + (y 2)i
=6
z = z x yi = x + yi 2yi = 0
(x1)2+y2+(x3)2+(y2)2=6
y=0z=xzR
(x22x+1)+y2+(x26x+9)+
+(y24y+4)=6
) ,:
2x2+2y28x4y+8=0
x2+y24x2y+4=0

:

AB = = ( )
()
= w , w =

w=w

=

(x24x+4)+(y22y+1)+4=4+1
(x2)2+(y1)2=12
,(x,y):
C:(x2)2+(y1)2=1
(2,1)=1.
) :y=xC.

2
=
+ =

2
= + + + = + +
()
+ + = + + + +
20.3 ) u=+i,,R.:
u = u i = + i 2i = 0 = 0
u=+i= R, =0.
428 -

:
d(K, ) =
2 1
2 + 1
=1
2 1 = 2 + 1 4 2 4 + 1 = 2 + 1
3 2 4 = 0 = 0 =
3
,:
1: y = 0 2: y =
4
x
3
) wR,w=,R.:
w=
= = ( )
(1)
,-

OA, OB -
1:y=0C(2,0).
.,(1):

OB OA = ( OA ) AB =
:
,
(x2)2+(y1)2=1 y =
4
x
3
:
2
(x 2)2 + x 1 = 1
3
9(x2)2+(4x3)2=9
9(x24x+4)+(16x224x+9)=9
25x260x+36=0
6
(5x 6)2 = 0 x =
5
:
y=
.
20.6 ) (,),
= . :
=
20.5 ) :

w=w
=

=
( ) ( ) = ( )( )
+ = +
+ + = + +
. w = w.
) w=+i.:
2
+ + + +

z =
=
++
++
:
=
2
2
, =
2
(,).
:
2
+ +

=
=
z=
2
2
2
++
+
+
= 2
++
1 + 1 + 1
++

= 2
= 2

1+1+1
+ +
+ +

) ():
1 = + + + + = 1
+ + = 1 + + = 1
= 2 = 2 =
) :
4
4 6 8
x= =
3
3 5 5
6 8
B , .
5 5
z = 2
++

+ +
:
z = 2
1
zz = 2 z
z
= 2 z =
w = w + i = + i i = + i
z(,),
2i=0=0w=wR
.
429
20.7 ) :
z z
z2 + z 2
+
=1
=1
z z
zz
2y 2 =
:
z 2 + z 2 = zz z 2 + z 2 = 1
1 3 1
3 1 3 1
3
(x, y) , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
z = 1 z = 1, z = z . :
z=x+yi
z:
:
2
z = x y + 2xyi z = x y 2xyi
,(1):
z1 =
1
( 3 + i ) , z2 = 1 ( 3 i ) , z3 = 1 ( 3 + i )
2
2
2
z4 =
1
( 3 i ) , z5 = 1 (1 + 3 ) , z6 = 1 (1 3 )
2
2
2
(x 2 y 2 + 2xyi) + (x 2 y 2 2xyi) = 1

1
1
z 7 = ( 1 + 3 ) , z8 = ( 1 3 )
2
2
1
1
2 x2 y2 = 1 x2 y2 = x2 y2 =
2
2
:
) :
z = 1 x + yi = 1
z3=1z3=-1
x + y =1 x + y =1
) ():
:
x2 + y2 = 1
2
1
2
x y =
2
A = z12004 + z 22004 + + z82004 = 1 + 1 + + 1 = 8

(1 )
x2 + y2 = 1
2
1
2
x y =
2
=8.
20.8 ) :
= = =1
( 2 )
(1):
2x 2 =
3
3
3
y2 = y =

2
4
2
3
3
x=

2
2

1
1
1
2y = y 2 = y =
2
4
2
:
= 1 = 1 =
1
= 1 = 1 =
1
= 1 = 1 =
:
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
(x, y) , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
(2):
2x 2 =
1
1
1
x2 = x =
2
4
2
430 -
1
) :
+ + =1 + +
=1
( + + )( + + ) = 1
( + + ) ( + + ) = 1
()
1 1 1
( + + ) + + = 1

( + + )
+ +
=1
(++)(++)=(1)
) (1):
(4)
(3)(4):
+ = 1
4
4
+ = 1
(2+)+2+(2+2)+
2
x y
x 4 + y 4 + 4 = 0 + = 1

+(+ )+ =0
()
:
(+)+(+)+
4+4=-1(2+2)2222=-1
+ (+)+(+)=0
()
(+)(++2+)=0
( + )2 2 2 2 2 = 1
( + ) [ ( + ) + ( + )] = 0
1+4224222=-1
(+)(+)(+)=0
222+1=0(1)2=0
) (+)(+)(+)=0:
=- =- =-
=1
+=-1=1:
=-,
(-
)
( = = = 1). = 90.
-
= 90 = 90.
A
=1(-1)=12++1=0(5)
( 5)
( 2 + + 1) = 0 3 + 2 + = 0
31=03=1
:
3 = 1 = 1
=1,:
= 1 = 1 = 1
= = 1.
) :
= 1
x
=1 x =
.
= 1
20.9 ) :
y
=1 y =
x = y = .
x +y + =0(1)

) x = y = :
:
x+y+=()+()+()=0(2)
,,
0.:
x + y + = 0
x y
+ = 1

(3)
= = AB = =
.
20.10 ) :
(x+y)f(x)=f(x)+f(y)(1)
431
20.12 ) :
(1)x=y=0:
0f(0)=f(0)+f(0)f(0)=0
f(xy)+f(x)f(x)f()1(1)
x,y,R.
) y=1(1):
(x+1)f(x)=f(x)+f(1)
(1)x=y==0:
xf (x)+f (x)=f (x)+f (1)xf (x)=f (1)

x=0 f (1)=0.

) y=0(1):
f(0)+f (0)f 2(0)1

f2(0)2f(0)+10
( f (0) 1) 0 f (0) 1 = 0 f (0) = 1
2
xf(x)=f(x)+f(0)(x1)f(x)=0
(1)x=y==1:
f(1)+f(1)f2(1)1
x1f(x)=0.f(1)=0,

f (x)=0 x R. ,f-

.
20.11 ) :
f(0)+f(0)f(x)f(0)1
2f(x)1f(x)1(2)
1+f(0)f(0)+f(0)f(0)1
f(0)1f(0)1:
f(0)=1
) (2) y=- x :
) (1)xx:
f(0)+f(0)=f(0)f(0)=0
) (1)y=x:
f(2x)+f(0)=f(3x)f(2x)=f(3x)(2)
f(-x)-x+1(4)
(1)y=0:
(3):
f(x)+f(x)=f(3x)2f(x)=f(3x)(3)
2f(x)+f(-x)(5)
(4)(5):
20.13 ) :
x,yR.x=y=0:
1+f (0)f (x)+f (- x)f (x)+f (- x)2(3)
xR.
f(x+y)+f(xy)=f(3x)(1)

2f(x)f(x)1f(x)1(3)
(2)(3) f (x)=1
(2)x=y=0:
(1)y==1:
f(x)+f(x)f(x)f(1)1
(1)x=0f(0)1.
f(1)10f(1)=1
f(x)x+1(1)
x,yR.
) (1)y==0:
1+f(x+y)f(x)+f(y)(2)
f 2 (1) 2f (1) + 1 0 ( f (1) 1) 0
f (- x)+2(- x+1)+f (x)+f (- x)

f(x)x+1
(2)(3):
f(2x)=2f(x)(4)
xR.
f(x)x+1f(x)x+1-
) (1)x2xyx.
:
:
f (x)=x+1
432 -
f(2x+x)+f(2xx)=f(32x)
y R. f (x)=x
(4)
f (3x) + f (x) = f (2 3x)
x R.
f(3x)+f(x)=2f(3x)
(1).
f(3x)=f(x)(5)
ii) f(1)=-1.x=1(1):
) (3):
f ( 1 + f (y) ) = 1 + y
(5)
2f (x) = f (3x) 2f (x) = f (x) f (x) = 0

:
x R. f (x)=0 ,

(1).
20.14 ) :
f ( xf (x) + f (y) ) = f (x) + y
(1)
y22f(y)=y2+2yf(y)=-y
y R. f (x)=-x
f ( f (y) ) = f 2 (0) + y f ( f (y) ) = y

xR,
y R. :
f ( f (x) ) = x
f 2 (y) 2f (y) + 1 = 1 + y 2 + 2y
(1) x=0 :

[ f (y) 1] = (1 + y)2
()
()
f 2 ( f (y) 1) = (1 + y)2
(1).
(2)
xR.
(1)x=0y=-f2(0):
) (1)xf (x):
(2)
f ( f (x)f ( f (x) ) + f (y) ) = f ( f (x) ) + y

2
f ( xf (x) + f (y) ) = x + y
2
(3)
f ( f ( f 2 (0) ) ) = f 2 (0) f 2 (0) = 0
f ( f 2 (0) ) = ,
f()=0.x=(1):
(1)(3).
:
f ( f () + f (y) ) = f 2 () + y f ( f (y) ) = y
(5)
x=0 (1):
f2(x)+y=x2+yf2(x)=x2(4)
f ( f (y) ) = f 2 (0) + y
) (4)
ff(x)=xf(x)=-x.
x=1 :
(5)(6):
y=f2(0)+yf2(0)=0f(0)=0
f(0)=0.
2

f (1)=1f (1)=1 f (1)=-1

i) f(1)=1.x=1(1):
f (1 + f (y) ) = 1 + y
()
f (1 + f (y) ) = (1 + y) [1 + f (y)] = (1 + y)
2
20.15 ) :
xyln(xy)yf(x)+xf(y)f(xy)(1)
x,y>0.(1)x=y=1:
:
2
(6)
()
02f(1)f(1)
:
1 + f (y) + 2f (y) = 1 + y + 2y
02f(1)2f(1)0f(1)0
1+y 2 +2f (y)=1+y 2 +2y
2f(1)f(1)f(1)0
f(y)=y
f(1)0f(1)0f(1)=0.
433
) (1) y =
:
1
:
x
f(xy)=f(x)f(y)(3)
x,yR.
1
1
1
x ln1 f (x) + xf f (1)
x
x
x
) :
1
1
0 f (x) + xf 0
x
x
1 1
f = 2 f (x)
x x
:
1
1
f (x) + xf = 0
x
x
1
1
f = 2 f (x), x > 0
x
x
(3)
1
1 (4)
f
== (1 x)2 f (1 x) ==
1
(2)
) (1)y=1:
()
xlnx f (x) + xf (1) f (x)
1
lnx x > 0
f (x)
f (x) xlnx
x2
x
1
1 f (x)
, x 1
(1 f (x) ) =
(1 x)2
(1 x)2
x (1)
1
(1 x) + x
f
= f 1 x = f 1 + 1 x ==
1
1
:
x
x
1 (4)
= f (1) + f
=1+ f
==
1 x
1 x
x
()
1 1 1
1 1
f ln f ( lnx)
x x x
x x
1
[f (1) f (x)] =
(1 x)2
x0x1:
xlnxf(x)f(x)xlnx(3)
(3)x
(4)
(4)
(3)(4)f(x)=xlnx.-
=1+
1 x
x 1 (3)
f
= 1 + 1 x f x 1 ==
2
1 x
x
(x)
f(x)=xlnx
(4)
x 1
=1+
f x f (1) ==
1
(1).
x 1
=1+
x 2 f (x) 1 =
1
x
20.16 ) :
f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)(1)
=1+
x,y R.
(1)y=0:
=1+
f (x)=f (x)+f (0)f (0)=0

) (1)y=-x:
()
f (0) = f (x) + f ( x) 0 = f (x) + f ( x)
f(-x)=-f(x)(2)
xR.f.
) (1),yy:
(2)
f (x y) = f (x) + f ( y) == f (x) f (y)
434 -
x2
1
x
f (x)
=
(1 x)2 x 2
1 x
f (x)
x2
=
(1 x)2 (1 x)2
x 2 2x + 1 + f (x) x 2 1 2x + f (x)
=

(1 x)2
(1 x)2
) x0 x1, ()

:
1 f (x) 1 2x + f (x)
=

(1 x)2
(1 x)2
1f(x)=12x+f(x)
2f(x)=2xf(x)=x(x0x1)
20.18 .:
f(0)=0f(1)=1,f(x)=x
f ( f (x) ) = x
xR.

f (1 + f (x) ) = 1 x
20.17 ) :
1
f (x) = xf
x
(1)
,R,f()=f().:
(1)
f ( f () ) = f ( f () ) =
f (x+y)=f (x)+f (y)-1(2)

x
(2) x = y = :
2
(1)
x 2
x
f (x) = 2f 1 f (x) = 2 f 1
2 x
2
2
f (x) = xf 1
x
f ( f (0) ) = 0
(3)
(2)x=1:
f (1 + f (1) ) = 0
(4)
(3)(4):
11
f ( f (0) ) = f (1 + f (1) )
(3)
f(0)=1+f(1)(5)
1
) x,y (2):
x
(1) x=1:
1 1
1 1
f + = f + f 1
x x
x x
1
2
1
2
f = 2f 1 f = 2 f (x) 1
x
x
x
x
2 2
f = f (x) 1
x x
(4)
) (2)y=0x=1:
f11.
(1)x=0:
x x
x x
f + = f + f 1
2 2
2 2
(2)
xR.f-
11.

(1)
f (1)=f (1)+f (0)1f (0)=1(5)

) (3)(4):
2
2
f (x) = xf 1 = x f (x) 1 1 =
x
x

=2f (x)x-1
:
f(x)=2f(x)x1f(x)=x+1
f ( f (1) ) = 1
(6)
(2) x=0 :

f (1 + f (0) ) = 1
(7)
(6)(7):
11
f ( f (1) ) = f (1 + f (0) )
f(1)=1+f(0)(8)
(5)(8):
f(0)+f(1)=2+f(1)+f(0)2=0,
.
20.19 ) :
f2(x)2f(x)x=4x+2x+1(1)
(1):
f (x) [ f (x) 2x ] = 4 x + 2 x + 1 0

(2)
x0.f(0)=1,
(2) f (x)0
ff(x)=x+1,
xR.f
(1)(2).
,-
435
.:
) :
f =3>0
2
fR.
f (x)
2 x + x + 1
= lim
=
x + x
x +
x
A = lim
2 x x 1
= lim
+
+
x +
x
x
x
) (1)x=0:
f2(0)=1(f(0)=1f(0)=-1)

f (x)>0 x R,

f(0)=-1.f(0)=1.
) :
f2(x)2f(x)x=4x+2x+1
f2(x)2f(x)x+2x=4x+22x+1
:

lim
x +
1
=0
x
2 x
1 2 x 1
2 x
1

=
,
x
x
x
x
x
x
,:
2 x
=0
x +
x
lim
( f (x) x ) = ( 2 x + 1)2
2
g2(x)=(2x+1)2(3)
x+10(3):
g(x)0xR
g
f (x) x .
R.
:
1
lim
x
:
x +
lim
1

= 0 = lim
x + x
x +
x
=0
x
g = f = 3 1 = 2 > 0 -
2
2
2

(
gR.
=0+0+0=0.
) (3)():
20.20 ) f,:
g(x)= 2 x+1x R

g(x)=-(2x+1)xR
:
f(x)x=2x+1f(x)=2x+x+1,
f(x)x=-2x-1f(x)=-2x+x-1,
f(-x)=-f(x)xR(1)
x=0(1):
f(0)=-f(0)2f(0)=0f(0)=0
) x=0f(0)=0.
f(0,0).-
x R
.)

xx,.
x R
:
f = 1 + 1 1 = 1 < 0
2
f(x)>0xR.
f:
f(x)=2x+x+1
436 -
) :
f(-x)=3x2f(-x)(-x)=-3x2
[ f (x) ]= (x 3 ) f ( x) = x 3 + c
x=0:
f(0)=cc=0
f(-x)=-x3.,xx:
f (x)=x ,x R
) :
E(x) = 6

f(-x)=3x2xx:
f(x)=3(-x)2=3x2
600
x 2 100

= 6
2
x
x2
E(x)=0x2100=0x=10
,-
(x)x=10.
:
f(x)=(x3)f(x)=x3+c
f(0)=0,c=0,:
f(x)=x3,xR
20.21 ) xy
.

-
:
150
+ 6
(10 + 4)
10
1421.
) :
E(10) = 60 +

:
600
+ 174 = 294 m 2
10
20.22 ) xDf=R:
f(x)=3x2+2x+
Fermat:
xy=150(1)
:
f(1)=0
:
x+22=x+4y+23=y+6
:
=(x+4)(y+6)m2(2)
:
xy = 150 y =
150

x
(x):
150
+ 6
E(x) = (x + 4)
x
600
E(x) = 150 + 6x +
+ 24
x
600
E(x) = 6x +
+ 174, x > 0
x
3+2+=0(1)
1f(x)
f
x0=1.0,f(x)=0
.x0=1f,
=0. =0 f (x)-
1. 0,
=0.
) =0f(x)=2x+.:
f(1)=02+=0(2)
f(1)=4+++3=4
+=1(3)
437
(2)(3):
) f-
.
f f.
4
20.23 ) f,:
20.24 ) :
=-1=2
x
f (x) = x e , x > 0
e
f (x) = ln (x)ln(x) =
2
f(x)0x>0.
1 x
(x)ln(x)
x 2
f(e)=11=0,:
(x) [ ln(x)] =
x
2
2 x 2 x
2 x x
Df=(0,+),
Fermatf(e)=0.:
+ (x)ln(x)
1
2
) fx=ee
1
1
=
x 2 x
f(e)f.
1
+ (x)ln(x)
x 2 x 2
f(x)f(e),x>0(1)
+ (x)ln(x)
( ) (
1
=
x
f (x) = e
1
=
x

x 0,
2
)=
x
x
= xln x eln =
e
e
x x
= ln + 1 x -eln
e e
f(e)=01ln=0ln=1=e
=e.
20.25 ) f=R

4
,:
f -

f 0,
4

, .
4 2
438 -
x e
1
1
+ (x)ln(x)
= (x)ln(x)
x
x
x = 1 x =
x
e
f (x) = 0 ( x = 0 ln(x) = 0 )
xln
f(x)=4x324x2+44x24=
=4(x36x2+11x6)
f(x)=0x36x2+11x6=0
(x3x2)5x2+5x+(6x6)=0
x2(x1)5x(x1)+6(x1)=0
(x1)(x25x+6)=0
(x=1x=2x=3)
f(x)Horner.
,:
f(x)=0

f(x)f:
(-,1]
,:
<8f:
[2,3],
1(-,1)2(3,+)
[1,2][3,+).
) f:
f(1)=18+2224+=9-
,,,.
=8f1(-,1),
2=2(f(2)=0)3(3,+).
(8,9)f:
1(-,1),2(1,2),3(2,3)
,
f(2)=1664+8848+=8-
f.
=9 f() 1=1

2=3.
>9f(x)=0,
) :
lim f (x) = + = lim f (x)

x
4 (3,+)
.
f (3)=81216+19872+=9
.
x +
f(1)=9,f(2)=8f(3)=9
20.26 ) :
f(x+y)=f(x)ef(y)-1(1)
,

=f(1),=f(2)=f(3).
(1)x=y=0:
f (0) 0
f (0) = f (0)ef (0) 1 1 = ef (0) 1
ef (0) 1 = e0 f (0) = 1
f(0)0 ( f (x) * ) .
) (1)x=0y=x,:
()
f (0 + x) = f (0)ef (x) 1 f (x) = ef (x) 1

(2)
x R.

) f:
1=(-,1],2=[1,2],3=[2,3]

4=[3,+)
) y=1-
y=ey-1.g(y)=yey-1.:
g(y)=1ey-1
g(y)=0ey-1=1y1=0y=1
:
439
ii) 0<<1.:
x>0x>-xx<-x,:
x-x<0
f(x)>0,ln<0(0<<1).
x<0f(x)<0.
:
f (-,0]
[0,+).
y<1g(y)<g(1)g(y)<0
y>1g(y)<g(1)g(y)<0
g(1)=0g(y)<0,g(y)0,
y1.
y=1
g,.
f-
) (2)f(x)=y:
(-,0][0,+).
()
y = e y 1 y = 1 f (x) = 1
) f(0)=2f.
f(x)=1xR.
:
lim f (x) = lim ( x + x ) =
20.27 ) :
x +
Df=R
f (x) = x + x = xln xln = ln(x x )
f(x)=0x=-xx=-xx=0
i) >1.:
x
-x
x>0 x>-x > , :

x
-x
>0
+ + 0 = +, > 1

=
0 + = +, 0 < < 1
lim f (x) = +. f-

x +
().
) f, f (0)=2 -
, lim f (x) = + lim f (x) = +.
x +
-x
<0
f:
x<0x<-xx<-x,:

1=(-,0] 2=(0,+),-
f(x)>0,ln>0.
x +
f(1)=f(2)=[2,+)
:
f (x)<0, ln>0.
f(Df)=f(1)f(2)=[2,+)
f (-,0]
[0,+).

.
) :
440 -
f (1) = +
1
1
f (1) = +
f11 1=(-,0] (

):
1
1
= + f (x) = f (1) x = 1
x
f112=[0,+),
:
x +
1
1
+ x = + f (x) = f (1) x = 1
x=1x=-1.
x
) f(-x)=-x+x=f(x)xR.
f
x=0(yy).
20.28 ) f(x)>0xR,f-
.f,
:
lim f (x) = +
lim f (x) =
x +
20.29 ) (-,11]-
[11,+).
) f(11)=0.-
, lim f (x) = +.
x +
) f(x)=0.
20.30 ) f (x)=x -

g(x)=f(x)x,xR.f(1)=1,
x=1.-
:
g(1)=0
g(x) = ( f (x) x )= f (x) 1 < 0 xR
g,x=1
g.-
f(x)=xx=1.
) :
ef (x) e x
, x 1

g(x) = f (x) x
e,
x = 1
f(R)=R.
) 0f(R),f(x)=0-
.-
f.
) :
gx0=1,-
:
lim g(x) = g(1)
x 1
f ( g(x) ) x g ( f (x) )
(1)
:
lim g(x) = e
(1)xf (x):
x 1
f ( g ( f (x) ) ) f (x) g ( f ( f (x) ) )
:
:
e f (x ) e x
e f (x) x 1
= lim e x
=
x 1 f (x) x
x 1
f (x) x
lim g(x) = lim

x 1
f&
f ( g ( f (x) ) ) f (x) g ( f (x) ) x
x 1
x g ( f (x) ) x
:
g ( f (x) ) = x
e
ef (x) x 1 0
== elim
x 1 f (x) x
x 1
= lim e x lim
(1) x g ( f (x) ) . :
f (x) x
( f (x) 1) =
f (x) 1
= elim ef (x) x = e ef (1) 1 = e

x 1
:
(2)
x R. (2)x
f-1(x):
g ( f ( f 1 (x) ) ) = f 1 (x) g(x) = f 1 (x)
xR.
:x=11
DeLHospital.
:
lim f (x) = f (1) = 1
x 1

fx0=1
1.
441
20.31 ) f=(0,+).
ln2x ln 2x 2 + 2
f:
lnx
2x
f (x) = ln
=

2
2
2x + 2 1 + x
2
1
x (1 + x ) 2xlnx
2x 2 + 2
2x
=
2
2x
(1 + x 2 )2
2x + 2
2x 2 + 2
=
2x 2 + 2 x
1
4x
2 2x 2 + 2
2x + 2
2
1 + x 2x lnx
=
x(1 + x 2 )2
2x + 2
lnx
= 0 f (x) = 0
1 + x2
:
f (1) = ln
= ln1 = 0
2+2
f '
x < 1 f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0,

f,
f&
f(x)>0xx1,-
f()-
x=1.
2
(1 + x 2x lnx)
=
x(2x 2 + 2)
x(1 + x 2 )2
20.32 ) f -1,f
(x 2 + 1) 1 x 2 + 2x 2lnx
=
=
x(x 2 + 1)2
=
x > 1 f (x) > f (1) f (x) > 0
2x 2 + 2 (2x 2 + 2) 2x 2
1 + x 2 2x 2 lnx
=
x
x(1 + x 2 ) 2
(2x 2 + 2) 2x 2 + 2
2
2x
ln
lnx
=0
1 + x2
11.f11
.:
1
f (x) =
> 0 x
1 + x2
2x 2 lnx
2xlnx
= 2

2
2
x(x + 1)
(x + 1)2
) :
f(x)=02xlnx=0lnx=0x=1
f:
f.-
f-1:f(R)R.
) :
f (x) =

:
f(0,1].
1
1

, f (x) =
1 + 2 x
1 + x2
f (x)(x)=
1
1

1 + 2 x 2 x
[ f (x)] = 1 = (x) f (x) = x + c

1 + 2 x =
1
.
2 x
f[1,+).
)
,f.
:
x=0:
ln2x
lnx
1
= ln(2x 2 + 2)
1 + x2 2
1
lnx
ln2x ln(2x 2 + 2)
=0
2
1 + x2
442 -
f(0)=0+c0=cc=0

f(x)=x, x , .
2 2
) :
f (x) = x f 1 ( f (x) ) = f 1 (x)
f(x)=ex(ex+2)-1+ex(1)(ex+2)-2ex=
x=f-1(x)f-1(x)=x
=ex(ex+2)-1+(1)e2x(ex+2)-2>0

x , .
2 2
[-,]
:
fR.-
:
f(x)=yx=f-1(y)
.
20.33 ) f...
+
+
,

, .
2
+
+
1 ,
2
,
2
f ( f (1) ) + f (1) = 0 f ( f (1) ) = 0
f ( 2 ) =
( +2 ) f () = 2 f ( +2 ) f ()
+
f () f
(2)
f 11.
,(2):
f ( f (1) ) = 0 f ( f (1) ) = f (1) f (1) = 1
( 2+ ) = 2 f () f ( +2 )
+
2
f(0)=3.
x=1:
,:
f (1 ) =
(e-+2)+(e+2)>23
20.34 ) :
f ( f (x) ) + f (x) = 0
(1)
:
+ ( )
f () + f () > 2f

2
f,f
.
) (1)x>0-
(ff)(x)(0,+):
f(x)>0x>0
(f-
.)
(1)xf(x):
(1)

, 1<2, :

f (1 ) < f ( 2 )
( 2+ ) f () < 2 f () f ( 2+ )
+
+
f
f () < f () f 2
2
+
f () + f () > 2f

2
) f(x)=(ex+2):
f(x)=ex(ex+2)-1
f ( f ( f (x) ) ) + f ( f (x) ) = 0
f ( f ( f (x) ) ) f (x) = 0
f ( f ( f (x) ) ) = f (x)
11
f ( f (x) ) = x (f f )(x) = x
(3)
) (1):
(3)
f ( f (x) ) f (x) + f (x) = 0
xf(x)+f(x)=0(4)
x>0.
) (4):
xf(x)+f(x)=0xf(x)+(x)f(x)=0
443
[ xf (x)]= 0 xf (x) = c
(5)
f (2) =
f(1)=1,(5)x=1:
) :
f(1)=cc=1
:
xf (x) = 1 f (x) =
27
f.
4
f (x) =
1
f (x) = lnx + c
x
:
f(1)=0c=0.f(x)=lnx
x>0.
(1),.
20.35 ) f A=R .

2
3
+
1
x3 x2
f:
(1 x)3 1 3x + 3x 2 x 3 1 3
f (x) =
=
= 2 +3 x
x2
x2
x
x
6x 2 6
1 x
= 6 4
x6 x3
x
f (-,0) (0,1]
f (x) =
[1,+).
A (1, f (1) ) , (1,0)-
Cf.
:
f (x) =
2
3
2x 3
+ 2 1 = 3 + 2 1 =
x4
x
x
x
3
2
x 3 3x + 2
= 1 2 + 3 =

x
x3
x

) :
1
lim f (x) = lim 2 (1 x)3 = +

x 0
x 0 x

f(x)=0x33x+2=0
:
(x x)2x+2=0
lim
x 0
x(x 1)2(x1)=0
,x=0
x(x+1)(x1)2(x1)=0
Cf..:
(x1)(x2+x2)=0
2
1
= + lim(1 x)3 = 1 > 0
x 0
x2

(x1) (x+2)=0(x=1 x=-2)

Horner.
f (x)
(1 x) 3
1
= lim
= lim 1 = 1
x + x
x +
x + x
x3
lim

1 3x + 3x 2 x 3
lim [ f (x) + x ] = lim

+ x =
2
x +
x +
x
3x 2 3x + 1
= 3
x +
x2
,y=-x+3
Cf+.
= lim

:
f (x) =
(x 1)2 (x + 2)

x3
f(-,-2](0,+),
[-2,0).
444 -
:
f (x)
= 1 lim [ f (x) + x ] = 3
x
x

y=-x+3 (-).
lim
)x=0:
) :
1=(-,-2],2=[-2,0)3=(0,+)
x3+x23x2+3x1=0
f1 ,2
3.
x33x2+3x1=-x2
(x 1)3
= f (x) =
x2
y=-
:
lim f (x) = + lim f (x) = f (2) =
x

x 2
27
,
4
27
f (1 ) = , + .
4
lim f (x) = f (2) =
x 2+
27
lim f (x) = +,
x 0
4
27
f ( 2 ) = , + .
4
lim+ f (x) = + lim f (x) = , :

x +
x 0
Cf:
i) ,:
27
>
( 1 < 2, 2 (2, 0), 3 (0, 1) )
4
ii) :
27
=
( 1 = 2 2 (0, 1) )
4
iii) ,>0, <
f(3)=(-,+)

f (A)=f (1)f(2)f(3)=R.
) f-
.
27
.
4
20.36 )
:
K(x) = ( 6 106 x 2 6 103 x + 4 ) dx =
=210-6x3310-3x2+4x+c
:
K(0)=100c=100

Cf
.
:
K(x)=210-6x3310-3x2+4x+100

500:
(500)=210-65003
-310-35002+4500+100=
=210-6125106
-310-325104+2000+100=
=250750+2100=1600
) :
(400)(200)=
=(210-64003310-34002+4400+100)-
-(210-62003310-32002+4200+100)=
445
=(210-664106310-316104+1600)-
-(210-68106310-34104+800)=
=(128480+1600)(16120+800)=552
20.37 ) x=:
f () = f (t)g(t)dt f () = 0
) h(x)=0xR.
:
h(x) = f(x)eG(x) = f(x)eG(x) + f(x)eG(x) ( G(x))=

= f (x)e G ( x ) f (x)g(x)e G ( x ) =
= [ f (x) f (x)g(x)] e G(x)
.(1)f
(
).
) (1)x:
f (x) =
( f (y)dy + 2) f (x) = f (x)

x
) g,:
g(x)=0

f(x)=f(x)g(x)(2)
g(x) = e x f (x) = e x f (x) + e x f (x) =

(2)
= e x [ f (x) f (x)] == 0, x
g.
) :
g(x)=ce-xf(x)=c
(1):
h(x) = [ f (x) f (x)g(x) ] e G(x) = 0
xR.h.
) h(x)=c.x=:
h() = c f ()e G() = c c = 0
h(x)=0,xR.:
f(x)=cex(3)
(1)x=0:
0
f (0) = f (y)dy + 2 f (0) = 2

0
,(3)x=0:
f(0)=ce02=cc=2
h(x) = 0 f (x)e G(x) = 0 f (x) = 0
xR.f-
R.
f(x)=2ex,xR.
20.39 ) :
A=
20.38 ) xt=y.
1
10x8
=
dx =
9
x 1 + 10x
x f (xt)dt = f (xt)(xdt) = f (y)dy

:
x
(1)
1
1 (1 + 10x 9 )
= dx
dx =
x
9 1 + 10x 9
1
= lnx ln(1 + 10x 9 ) + c
9
f(y),:
x
0
(1 + 10x 9 ) 10x 9
dx =
x(1 + 10x 9 )
1 + 10x 9
10x 9
dx =
=
9
9
x(1
10x
)
x(1
10x
)
+
+
d(xt) = dy xdt = dy
f (x) = f (y)dy + 2
1
1
dx =
dx =
x + 10x10
x(1 + 10x 9 )
=

:
x R. :
(1)
,-
:
f (y)dy
446 -
x>0.
(2)
x=-y,:
) :
B=
1
1
(1 + x 5 ) x 5
dx =
dx =
dx =
6
5
x+x
x(1 + x )
x(1 + x 5 )
1
x4
1
1 (1 + x 5 )
=
dx = dx
dx =
5
x
5 1 + x5
x 1+ x
1
= lnx ln(1 + x 5 ) + c
5
A=
(x 2 x)f (x) dx = x( x)f (x) dx =

0
= ( y)yf( y)(dy) = ( y)yf( y)dy =
(2)
= (y 2 y)f ( y)dy = (x 2 x)f ( x)dx ==
= (x 2 x)f (x)dx = A
0
20.40 ) :
:
g(x)=f (x)+f (x)(x)=

=f(x)f(x)=0
=-2=0=0
) :
xR.
gR,:
xf (x)dx = [ xf (x)] 0 (x)f (x)dx =
g(x)=c(1)
= f (x)dx =
0
(1)x=0:
g(0)=cf(0)+f()=c
-1+1=cc=0
20.41 . ) :
f (x) = 2004(x 1) +
g(x)=0xR.
) :
f(x)+f(x)=0f(x)=-f(x)(2)
x=-y.
x
1
f (t)
dt
t
(1)
(1)f(0,+).
:
f (x) = 2004 +
f (x)
xf (x) f (x) = 2004x
x
) :
f (x) xf (x) f (x) ()
==
g(x) =
=
x2
x

dx=-dy:
I = f (x)dx = f ( y)(dy) =
(2)
= f ( y)dy = f ( x)dx ==
) :
g(x) =
= f (x)dx = I
0

2004
g(x) = (2004lnx)
x
g(x)=2004lnx+c(2)
=- :

=-2=0=0
2004x 2004
=
, x>0
x2
x
:
:
g(1) =
f (x)dx = 0
f (1)
= f (1) = 0
1
(1)x1.(2)
:
) :
2
x x=x(x-)=- x(-x)
g(1)=cc=0
447
:
g(x) = 2004lnx
f (x)
= 2004lnx
x
xy + y = 1 x y =
:
f (x)=2004xlnx
I=
:
0
1
f(x)=2004xlnxxR
ln 2
2
y +1
dy =
2(y 2 + 1) (y + 1)2
(y + 1)2
= ln2
. :
1
0
f(x)=0xlnx=0x=1
E = f (x)dx = 2004 xlnx dx =

1
ln2 ln(y + 1)
dy =
y2 + 1
1 ln(y + 1)
1
dy
dy =
0
y +1
y2 + 1
1
0
1
dx I
x2 + 1
2I = ln2
1
0
1
ln2 1 1
dx I =
dx
x2 + 1
2 0 x2 + 1
= 1002 (x 2 )lnx dx =
1
e
e
1
= 1002 [ x 2 lnx ] 1 x 2 dx =
1
x
) A =
=1002e2501(e21)=501(e2+1)
dx = (y)dy =
x 2 + 1 = 2 y + 1 =
1
dx
x +1
2
1

2 y
x=0y=0y=0
x = 1 y = 1 y =
1 y
y 1 1 + y
2
dy =
dy
dx =
dy =
2
(y + 1)
(y + 1)2
y +1
:
1 y
2
+1 =

y +1
y +1
1
0
1
dy
2 y
20.42 ) x = 1 y . :
y +1
x=y.:
x2
= 1002e2 1002 =
2 1
x + 1 =
1
0
:
:
e
= ln2
f(x)0x[1,e]
1 x

x +1
A=
4
0
1
1
2 y

4
4
dy
=
1dy =
2
0
y
4
:
(1 y)2
2(y 2 + 1)
x + 1 =
+1 =

2
(y + 1)
(y + 1)2
2
I=
-
:
ln2
ln2 ln2

A=
=
2
2 4
8
x
20.43 . ) 1 f (t)dt -

,f.,
.

:
x=
1 y
xy + x = 1 y
y +1
448 -
f.
) :
f (x) = e
1 f (t)dt
(1)
f (x) = e
1 f ( t )dt
f (t)dt
1
= f (x)f (x) = f 2 (x)
:
(2,0).:
(1)
==
x A + xB y A + yB 1
2 ,
= ,
2
.
f(x)=-f2(x)
) :
x>0.
1
1
2
E = (OA) (OB) = 2 = 2
2
2
) (1)f(x)0x>0.
,-
:
f (x) = f 2 (x)
1
f (x)
=1
= (x)
2
f (x)
f (x)
1
=x+c
f (x)
,
().
20.44 ) x = 1 x=0:
(2)
(1)x=1:
x=
f(1)=e0f(1)=1
,(2)x=1:
1 + 2y

y+2
1
y=0 y = .
2
1
=1+ c c = 0
f (1)
,-
.
:
1
1
= x f (x) = , x > 0
f (x)
x

:
. ) M ( , f () ) .
1 + 2y
2(2 + y) (1 + 2y)
dx =
dy =
dy =
(y + 2)2
y+2
3
=
dy

(y + 2)2
x + 2 =

:
AB: y f () = f ()(x ) y
1
1
= 2 (x )
2
x=0, B 0, y=0:

1
1
1
= 2 x + x = 2
1 + 2y
2y + 4 1 2y
3
+2=
=

y+2
y+2
y+2
2
1 + 2y
(1 + 2y)2 (y + 2)2
x 2 1 =
=
1 =
(y + 2)2
y+2
1 + 4y 2 + 4y (y 2 + 4y + 4) 3(y 2 1)
=

(y + 2)2
(y + 2)2
:
I=
0
1
3
1 ln
ln(x + 2)
3
y+2
2
dx
=
0 3(y2 1) (y + 2)2 dy =
x2 1
(y + 2)2
449
ln3 ln(y + 2)
dy =
y2 1
0 ln(y + 2)
ln3
dy 1 2
dy =
2
y 1
y 1
2
1
2
0
1
2

x0:
0 ln(x + 2)
ln3
dx 1
dx
x2 1
x2 1
2
y
1
dt = dy
x
x
t=
:
:
I = ln3
) xt=y.
1
2
0
1
1
dx I 2I = ln3 1 2
dx
x 1
x 1
2
2
ln3 0 1
I=
dx
1
2 2 x2 1
) :
1
1 1
1
=

x 2 1 2 x 1 x + 1
:
1
x
1
1 x
g(x) = f (xt)dt = f (y) dy = f (y)dy,
0
0
x
x 0
x0(1)
g(x) =
1
x2
x
0
1
f (y)dy + f (x)
x
(2)
(1):
x
0
f (y)dy = xg(x)
(2):
I=
ln3
1 1
1
dx =
1
2 2 2 x 1 x + 1
0
0
ln3
[ln x 1 ln x + 1 ] 1 =
4
2
3
ln3 x 1
ln3
0 ln 2 =
ln
1=
1
4 x +1
4
2
2
ln3
ln 2 3

(ln3) =
4
4
20.45 ) :
f (x) f (0)
=2
x 0
x0
f (x) 2
lim
=2
x 0
x
f (0) = 2 lim
1
1
1
= g(x) + f (x) = [ f (x) g(x) ]
x
x
x
) (1):
lim g(x) = lim

x 0
f (x) 2
[f (x) + 2 ] = 2(2 + 2) = 8
x
x 0
(x)
:
1
g(0) = f (0)dt = [ f (0)t ] 0 = f (0) = 2

1
) :
g(0) = lim
x 0
= lim
1
x
x
0
x 0
= lim
:
x
0
g(x) g(0) (1)

==
x
1
f (y)dy f (0)dt
0
f (y)dy 2x
x2
0
0
== lim
x 0
=
f (x) 2
=
2x
1
f (x) f (0) 1
1
lim
= f (0) = 2 = 1
2 x 0
x
2
2
lim f (x) = f (0) = 2
fx0=0.
g(0)=1.
450 -
x 0
x 0
x 0
(
f (t)dt )
== lim
=
0
0
f (t)dt
= lim f (x) = f (0) = 2 = g(0)
( f (x) 2 )( f (x) + 2 ) =
f 2 (x) 4
lim
= lim
x 0
x 0
x
x
x 0
x
0
x 0
:
= lim
1
1
( xg(x) ) + f (x) =
x2
x
g(x) =
20.46 :
f ( g(x) ) = e
lnx )
(2):
= elnx = x
f(x)=-2x3f3(x)
(1)
gf.x=g(y).
(3):
g(x) =
2 ( 2x 3f 3 (x) )
2f (x)
4x 3 =
4x 3 =
3
f (x)
f 3 (x)
=4x34x3=0,xR
:
g.
dx=g(y)dy
1
I = f (x)dx + g(x)dx = f ( g(y) ) g(y)dy +

(1)
+ g(x)dx ==
= [ yg(y)] 1 g(y)dy + g(x)dx =
= [ yg(y)] 1 = eg(e) g(1) = e 1 0 = e
g(x) = c
ii) :
yg(y)dy + g(x)dx =
1
(4)
((2))x=0f(0)=1.
(4):
1
= c c =1
f (0)
2
20.47 ) :
:
1
1
x4 = 1 2
= 1 + x4
f 2 (x)
f (x)
f (x) = 1 2 x 4 t 3 f 3 (xt) dt
0
f (x) = 1 2 x 4 t 3f 3 (xt)dt
f 2 (x) =
f (x) = 1 2 (xt)3 f 3 (xt)(xdt)
(1)
1
x4 = c
f 2 (x)
xt=y, :
f (x)
1
3
= 2x 3 2
= 2x
3
f (x)
2f (x)
1
1
4
2
= x4 + c
= (x ) 2
f
(x)
f
(x)

(1):
x

(3):
xdt=dy
f (x) = 1 2 y 3f 3 (y)dy
1

1 + x4
(2)
) i) (2)f-
f(0)=1,c=1.:
f 2 (x) =
1
x4 + 1
(5)
,.
) fR,-
:
1
2f (x)f (x)
g(x) = 2
x4 =
4x 3 =
f 4 (x)
f (x)
2f (x)
4x 3
f 3 (x)
(3)
.f(0)=1>0,f(x)>0-
xR.(5):
f (x) =
1
x4 + 1
451
) x+,x>0.:

x4 + 1
x +
xx
4
x +1
x
x +1
x4 + 1
xx
x4 + 1
x +
x
x4 + 1
= f (x) [ g(x) + g(x)] dx = f (x)dx
g(-x)+g(x)=1.
(6)
x4 + 1
) f(x)=x g(x) =
:
lim
= [ f (x)g(x) + f (x)g(x)] dx =
xx
lim ( xf (x)x ) = lim
x +
= f (x)g( x)dx + f (x)g(x)dx =
= lim
x +
x 2 1 + 14
1
. :
1 + e2x
f
=
1
1
+
=
2x
1+ e
1 + e 2x
e2x
1 + e2x
+ 2x
=
= 1 xR
e + 1 1 + e2x
g(x) + g( x) =
1
1
= lim
= 0 1 = 0
x + x
1
1+ 4
1
1 + e2x
:
(6)
xx
= 0.
lim
x +
x4 + 1
:
A = 2 x dx = [ x ] 02 = 1
0

x=-ydx=-dy.
lim ( xf (x)x ) = 0
x +
20.48 ) x=-y,:
:
dx=-dy
A = 2
2
( y)
e2 y y
(dy) = 2 2 y
dy =
2 y
1+ e
e +1
2
:
f (x)g(x) dx =
A+A=
= f ( y)g( y)dy = f ( y)g( y)dy =
= f (x)g( x)dx = f (x)g(x)dx

0

f f (-x)=f(x).
x
e2x x
dx + 2
dx =
2x
2x
1+ e
2 1+ e
x + e2x x
2
dx
=
2 x dx =
1 + e 2x
2=2=1.
f (x)dx = f (y)dy = f (t)dt

()
f (x)g(x)dx = f (x)g(x)dx + f (x)g(x)dx ==
452 -
) :
= [ x ] 2 = 1 + 1 = 2
:
e2x x
dx
e2x + 1
f ( y)g( y) ( dy) =

.
F(1)=1,:
20.49 ) :
1 3
f (x)F =
x x
F(1)=cc=1
(1)
x>0.(1)x
x>0,:
1
f F(x) = 3x
x
F(x)=x3, f (x)=F(x)=3x2

1
,
x
x>0.
20.50 ) :
(2)
:
1
1 1
h(x) = F(x)F + F(x)F =
x
x x
1 1
1 (1), (2)
= f (x)F 2 F(x)f ====
x x
x
x>0.h.
f ( x) = 2 ( ( x) ) + 2 ( ( x) ) =
=2(x)+2(-x)=
=2(x)+2(x)=f(x)
:
f(1)F(1)=3F(1)=1
f (x)dx = 2 f ( x)dx = 2 f (x)dx

0
(1):
c=1,:
1
F(x)F = 1
x
(3)
) :
F(x) F(x)x 3x F(x) xf (x) 3F(x)

(x) = 3 =
=

x6
x4
x
(1)(3):
3
f (x) 3
= xf (x) 3F(x) = 0
F(x) x
(x)=0 x>0,

(0,+).
) :
F(x)
= c F(x) = cx 3
x3
f (x)dx = 2 f (x)dx + 2 f (x)dx = 2 2 f (x)dx
) x =
(x) = c
f (x)dx = f ( y)(dy) = 2 f ( x)dx
:
(1) x=1 :
(1)
1
h(x) = c F(x)F = c
x

x=1 :
:
) :
F(1)F(1)=cc=F2(1)
f (x)dx = 2 f (x)dx + f (x)dx
x=-y,dx=-dy.
3 1
3 3
2 3x = = 0
x x
x x
y.
2

dx=-dy,:
A = 2 f (x)dx = f y (dy) =
0
2 2
= 2 f x dx = B
0
2
A + B = 2 f (x)dx + 2 f x dx =
0
0
2
453
f,f.
= 2 f (x) + f x dx
0
2
:
f11,-
.
f (x) + f x =
2
=2(x)+2(x)+2(x)+2(x)=
2
) Cf()-
:
y = f (x)
y = x
=[ (x)+ (x)]+

+[2(x)+2(x)]=1+1=2
:
f(x)=xx33x2+3x=x
:
2
0
A+B=
2 dx 2A = 2 0 A =
2
2
) x=-y.
x33x2+2x=0x(x23x+2)=0
(x=0x=1x=2)
,Cf():
(0,0),(1,1)(2,2)

dx=- dy :
I = xf (x) dx = ( y)f ( y)( dy) =
= ( y)f ( y)dy = ( x)f (x)dx =
= f (x)dx xf (x)dx = f (x)dx I
f(-x)=f(x).:
I = f (x)dx I 2I = f (x)dx
0
:
) Cf Cf 1
:
y = f (x)
x = f (y)

I = f (x)dx
2 0
()
f (x)dx == 2
2
0
M(x,y)Cfy=f(x)
()
f (x)dx == 2 =
2
:
I=
:
2

f (x)dx = =
2 0
2
2
20.51 ) f=R.
:
f(x)=3x26x+3=3(x22x+1)=
M(x, y) Cf 1 f 1 (x) = y x = f (y)

y=f(x)x=f(y):
3
2
y = x 3x + 3x
3
2
x = y 3y + 3y
()
:
yx=(xy)(x2+xy+y2)
-3(xy)(x+y)+3(xy)
(xy)[x2+xy+y23(x+y)+4]=0
f(x)>0x1
( x = y x 2 + xy + y 2 3(x + y) + 4 = 0 )
=3(x1)
454 -
:
2
1 3 1 y, y 1

x=
1 + 3 y 1, y > 1
x +(y3)x+y 3y+4=0
:
:
=y26y+94y2+12y16=
=-3y2+6y7=-(3y26y+7)<0
1 3 1 x, x 1
f 1 (x) =

3
1 + x 1, x > 1
1=3684<0.:
xy=0y=x
.
y=x y=f(x):
x=x33x2+3xx33x2+2x=0
(x=0x=1x=2)
20.52 ) :
x=1y
,Cf Cf 1 :
(0,0),(1,1)(2,2)
(f,
Cf Cf 1 Cf
y=x.)

dx=- dy :
A=
Cf Cf 1
y=x.,
1Cf
y=x.:
f(x)x=x33x2+2x
ln(2 y)
dy =
ln(2 + 1 y 1 + 2y y 2 )

:
1
x4
x4
= x3 + x2 x3 + x2 =
4
0 4
1
=
A+A=
1
0
1
1
1
(4 8 + 4) + 1 + 1 =
4
4
2
ln(2 x)
dx
ln(2 + x x 2 )
1
ln(x + 1)
ln(2 x)
dx +
dx =
0 ln(2 + x x 2 )
ln(2 + x x 2 )
1
0
1
= 1 ..
2

:
y=f(x)y=(x1)3+1(x1)3=y-1
ln (x + 1) + ln (2 x )
dx =
ln (2 + x x 2 )
,:
E = 2E1 = 2
1
0
) :
E1 = (x 3x + 2x) dx (x 3x + 2x) dx =
3
ln(x + 1)
dx =
ln(2 + x x 2 )
ln(2 y)
(dy) =
ln 2 + 1 y (1 y)2
1
0
1
0
ln(x + 1)(2 x)
dx =
ln(2 + x x 2 )
1
ln(2 + x x 2 )
dx = 1dx = 1
0 ln(2 + x x 2 )
0
1
:
2A = 1 A =
1

2
455

20
20.53 ) x=f (0) y=- f (0) :
f ( 2f (0) ) = f ( 2f (0) ) f (0) f (0) = 0

) x=0 y=x :

f ( f (x) ) = f (0) + x f ( f (x) ) = x
) f(x1)=f(x2).:
) (-,-3][-1,+)
[-3,-2)(-2,-1].
) f(-3)=-9-
f(-1)=-1.
:
1=(-,-3],2=[-3,-2),3=(-2,-1]
4=[-1,+)
:
f ( f (x1 ) ) = f ( f (x 2 ) ) x1 = x 2
f(1)=(-,-9],f(2)=(-,-9],f(3)=[-1,+)
) y0R.x0=f(y0),:
f(4)=[-1,+)
f (x0)==y0
:f(A)=(-,-9][-1,+)
) y=0 :
) :
f : 11
f ( x + f (x) ) = f (2x)
f (x) =
x+f(x)=2xf(x)=x
.
f(-,-2)(-2,+).
.
20.54 ) =R:
) x=-2:
6x 2 + 12x + 5, 2 x 1
1,
1 < x < 1
f (x) =
6x 2 12x + 5, 1 x 2
y=2x-1
+-.(-
.)
12x + 12, 2 x 1
f (x) = 0,
1 < x < 1
12x 12, 1 x 2
) E = 3 f (x)dx.
: E =
) :
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f ( 1) = 0
x 1
15
- 4ln2
4
20.56 ) :
x 1
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1) = 0

x 1
4

(x + 2)3
f (x) = x 2 e x (3 + 2x 2 ) > 0, x 0
x 1
:
) :
) :
f(x)=0x[-1,1]
11f.
:
11
2
2
2
1 2
1
1
= x 2 e x e x 2x dx = x 2 e x e x
0 2
2
2
0
2
0
20.55 :
A = {2} f (x) =
1
1
1
2
2
1 2
E = x 3e x dx = x 2 ( xe x ) dx = x 2 e x dx =
0
0
0
2
2(x + 1)(x + 3)

(x + 2)2
456 -
: E =
1

2
20.57 ) f (x) = ex
> 0 xR.f
.
Rolle:
x
g(x) = (x ) f (t)dt, x [, ]
:(-,0],[0,+)
20.61 )
) (0,0) .
=
20.58 x=:
( f (t)dt
) f (x) = 2xe x ..
f (t)dt + (x )f (x) = 0
( f (t)dt )= 0
( (x ) f (t)dt ) = 0
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
:(-,0),(0,+)
(x ) f (t)dt + (x )
f(0)=0.:
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
g(t)dt = 0
Rolle:
x
h(x) = f (t)dt g(t)dt [, ]
20.59 :
x
g(x) = x + e t lnt dt e x lnx
= = = . :
2
2
2
, = , =
+ = 2
2 2
2
+
= 2
1 1 2
+ 2
+ =
=

2 2
= 2 =

) +=2,:
()
2 + 2 + 2 = 4 2
x=(0,+),:
2+2+2=4
g(x)0=g(1)
()2=0=
g(1).Fermat
==.
:
e
g(1) = 0 ln = 0 h() = 0
e
h() = ln , >0.:
1 e
h(e) = 0 h() = + 2 > 0

h.=e-
.
20.60 ;
=x.:
f (t)dt f (x)( x) = 0
457
:f1(x)=1+x,f2(x)=1x,
21.
1 - x, x (-, 0)
f 3 (x) =
,
1 + x, x [0, )
--1--
1 + x, x (-, 0)

f 4 (x) =
1 - x, x [0, )
1
. .
) ,
. ) .
:
( lim f (x
) lim f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x0
h 0
+ h) = f (x 0 ) .
f 1 (x) = x f 2 (x) = x
x.
,:
) f(x0)=0.
) lim
lim
f3 (x) f3 (0)
x
= lim
= 1
x 0
x0
x
) f()=f(),f(x0)=0.
lim+
f3 (x) f3 (0)
x
= lim+
=1
x 0
x0
x
f(x) f(x0 )
f(x + h) f(x0 )
lim 0
.
x x0
x x0
h
h 0
. ) .
) .
) .
).
) .
x 0
x 0
) .
f 3 (0), f 4 (0).

:f1(x)=1+x,f2(x)=1x
2
--2--
) f(0)=1(x=0):
( f (x) 1)
1
= 1 2 x = 2 x
. .
:
. ) .
f (x) 1 = x
1 x = f (x) 1 + x
) .
) .
. .
lim f (x) = 1
x 0
) g2(x)=2x,g(x)=f(x)1.g-
x=0.
( x = 0
) .
) .
x = 0 ( , ) )
--3--
1
. .
. .
. ) f ( g(x) ) g(x).

:
g1(x)=x,xg2(x)=-x,x
x, x ( , 0)

g 3 (x) =
x, x [0, )
x, x ( , 0)

g 4 (x) =
x, x [0, )
458 -
) f ( g(x) ) g(x).
) -.
) ().
1
)
u.
u
. .
. 1, 2, 3,
5.
4,
--4--
=
1
=. -
. .
,.
. .
. )
--5--
f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)
,
g 2 (x)
1
f(x)g(x)h(x)+g(x)f(x)h(x)+h(x)f(x)g(x).
) 0, ,
f (x)dx,
f (x)dx.
) ,[,],,f(x0)=0.
. .
. .
. ) .
) .
) .
).
) ,,f(x0)=0.
) .
) .
--6--
) f(x0),.
1
. .
. 1,
2,
3,
4,
2,
3,
4,
5.
2
) +=-(+),:
2
+ = + + = +
. 1,
2
( + ) ( + ) = ( + ) ( + ) ..
) :
= + = +
().
) ()=.
5.
. .
. ) F(x)+c,f(x)+c.
)
x +1
x
+ c, -1,
+ c.
+1
ln
) f (x)g(x) f (x)g(x)dx.
)
f (u)du, g(x), g(x)dx.
) ,>0.

, +=- (+) :

+ = +
:
= + = +
--7--
1
. .
. .
. ) .
) .
) .
) .
.=,
) ().
.:
. .
459
--8--
3
) :
1
(++)2=2+2+2+2+2+2
. .
(++)2=2(++)(1)
. .
2+2+2=0.,
. ) .
) .
) .
).
) .
) .
,:
1 1 1
( + + )2 = 2 + +

1
. .
:
1 1 1
( + + ) 2 = 2 + +

. .
. ) .
) 2Re(z),2iIm(z).
) 11.
) 0.
) ,.
++
) .
) .
) f(x)+c,G()G().
++
=2
1 1 1
+ +

1 1 1
+ +

(2) = = 1.
) x=0 :
= 1, = 1 = 1
f 2 (0) + [g(0) 1] 0 ..
2
:
) :
0 [ f (x) x ] + [g(x) x ] x
2
:
= 2
) = = = 1, :
2
)+,0.
) f (x)>0, .
0, (1):
--9--
(2)
= = =1
[f (x) x ]
1
1
1
, =
=
(3)
) :
++
x 2 [g(x) x ] x 2
2
=2
1 1 1 (3)
+ +

f (x) x x g(x) x x
++ =2 ++
) :
++
x x f (x) x + x
=2 ++
=2 ++ ++ =2
x x g(x) x + x
:
lim f (x) = 0 = f (0) lim g(x) = 1 = g(1)
x 0
++
x 0
460 -
++0 + + 0.
4
) x
:
2x + 2 f (u)du =
0
= (2x + 2)f (x) + (x 2 + 2x)f (x) (x 2 + 2x)f (x)

x
x + f (u)du = (x + 1)f (x)
(1)
x>-1,:
( ( f (u)du )dt )= f (u)du

x
, g(t) = f (u)du, :
( (
x
) ) (
f (u)du dt =
x
0
x
g(t)dt = g(x) = f (u)du
0
) :
C1:(x1)2+(y2)2=2(1)
,-
w:
x + f (u)du = (x + 1)f (x)

0
C2:(x4)2+(y5)2=2(2)
:
1 + f (x) = f (x) + (x + 1)f (x) f (x) =
1

x +1
f (x) = ( ln(x + 1) ) f (x) = ln(x + 1) + c

:

(1) x=0 f (0)=0. :

f(0)=0ln(0+1)+c=0c=0
f(x)=ln(x+1)x>-1.
(4,5) R = 2.
) A = z w
,C1NC2.
,
..
:
():y=x+1(3)
--10 --
1
(1)(3)(0,1)
(2,3),(2)
(3)(3,4)(5,6).:
. .
i) zw-
. .
. ) .
) .
) .
).
A = z w :
) .
) .
2
z1=2+3iw1=3+4i
ii) zw-
A = z w :
z2=iw2=5+6i
) :
z 1 2i = 2 z (1 + 2i) = 2
,-
z (1,2),
z=1+2i, R = 2.
.
461
--11--
3
) x
x=-y.
x=-y.dx=(-y)dy=-dy.-
.
1
. .
. .
. .
. 1,
f (x)
f ( y)
dx = 4
(dy) =
2
2
x
( y)
4
f ( y)
f ( x)
dy = 4
dx
2
2 x
y
4
:
( 2z4 + z ) = ( z 4 + 2z ) 2z 4 + z = z4 + 2z
z4 + z 4 = z + z
f (x)dx = f (y)dy ..
(2)
(3)
) (3) z 4 = z + z z 4 ,
) :
f (x)
f ( x)
4
dx
=
dx
2
2
x
4 x
(1):
(1)
2z 4 + z = z + z z 4 + 2z 3z 4 = 3z z 4 = z
) ,
:
:
f (-x)+f (x)=2003f (-x)=2003f (x)
2003 f (x)
2003
f (x)
dx = 4
dx 4
dx
2
2
- 2 x
x
x
4
4
:
I = 2003
1
dx I
2 x
:
2I = 2003
z4=zz4z=0z(z31)=0
z(z1)(z2+z+1)=0
(1):
I=
(1)
2z 4 + z + 2z 4 + z = z 4 + 2z + z 4 + 2z
2z 4 + z = z 4 + 2z
(1)(2):
:
4.
) :
:
I=
3,
2
I=
2,
1
dx 2I = 2003 [ x ] 4
2
x
4
(z=0z=1z2+z+1=0)
1 i 3
1 i 3
z0 = 0 z1 = 1 z2 =
z3 = +
2
2
2 2
z2+z+1=0:
=14=-3<0
z =
1 i 3
1 + i 3
z=

2
2
) :
z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1

2I = 2003 -
4
4
z1 ,z2z3
.:
2=2003(1+1)=2003
C:x2+y2=1
462 -
(0,0),
z0=0.
1 + 2x
1
1
dx I = x + 2x I =
-
2
2
2

1
1
= ( + 0) ( + 0) I = I
2
2
3
) :
f(x)+f(-x)=f(x)f(-x)(1)
:
xR.R,:
I = I 2I = I =
f ()=1

2
(1) x= :

f()+f(-)=f()f(-)1+f(-)=f(-)
1=0,

22.
f (x)1 xR.
) (1):
f (x) = f (x)f ( x) f ( x)
22.1 ) =-,:
= 2 + = + 2 ..
()
f (x) = f (x) [f (x) 1]

f (x)
f ( x) =
f (x) 1
.:
= = =
(2)
:
x=-y,dx=-dy.
= = =
:
I=
x y = 2 2 22 = 2 + =
( y)
x
dx =
(dy) =
f (x)
f ( y)
= 2 = 2
:
y = 2 = x
x
dx
f (x)
) :
:
++ =0
f (y)dy = f (t)dt = f (x)dx ..
:
++=0
:
2
(2)
x
2 x
I=
dx ==
dx =
f ( x)
f (x)
f (x) 1
2 2 2
+
+
=0
( f(x) 1) x
f(x)
f(x)2x 2x
dx =
dx =
-
f(x)
f(x)
2 x
dx =
= x
f (x)
(++)2=02+2+2=0
) ():
x=-22,y=-22=-22
x = y = = 2 2 , :
= = =
463
22.2 ) :
= lim
x x0
1
g(x) = f (x)
= f (x)
f (x)

f (x)
f (x)
= f (x) 3
= 1
f 2 (x)
f (x)
1
=
f (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 1
2
fx0.:
1
2
= (x) 2
= (2x)
2f (x)
f (x)
22.4 )
x=0c=4.:
1
1
= 2x + 4 f 2 (x) =

f 2 (x)
2x + 4
) f(-
).:
1
>0
2
:
1
f (x) =
2x + 4
f (x) =
:
=--
= 2 + = 2 +
= (2 + ) ( 2 + ) ..,
(x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f (x 0 ) + 1 =
xx0 ,:
++=0
(++)2=0
2+2+2+2(++)=0..
) :
2 2 = + = = =
f (x) f (x 0 ) =
1
x x0 x x0
f (x) + f (x)f (x 0 ) + f 2 (x 0 ) + 1
2
2
f (x)+f (x)f (x0)+f (x0)+1>0. :

x x 0 f (x) f (x 0 ) x x 0 ..
:
lim f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x0
)
2 2 2
+
+
=0
:
2
2
(2 + ) ( 2 + ) =
= 2 +
++ =0
=xx0(1)
2 +
) ++=0,:
:
f3(x)+f(x)=xf3(x0)+f(x0)=x0
[f (x) f (x 0 )] f
= = = . :
= = =
22.3 ) x0R.:
1

3f 2 (x) + 1
) f(x)>0xR.
1
= 2x + c
f (x)
2
f (0) =
1

3f 2 (x 0 ) + 1
xx0(1):
f (x) f (x 0 )
lim
=
x x0
x x0
464 -
:
2 2 = 2 2 = 2 2 =
==.
) :
()
4 4 = 2 2 2 + 2 == + 2 =
= 2 = 3
= = = , :
4 4 = 4 4 = 4 4 = 3
22.5 y=1-
.:
xf (x) = 1 f (x) =
1
f (x) = lnx + c
x
:
= f (t)dt + xf (x)
0
22.10 ) :
f (1)=0c=0..
1 + 2 x > 0
1 + x 0
.
:=R
22.6 f (x)=f (1x), x 1x

= f (t)dt + xf (x) f (t)dt xf (x) + f (x) = f (x)

( f (t)dt + f (t)dt) (x 1)f (x) =
) :
f(x)+f(-x)==(xx+x)
1
1
+
=
1 + 1 + 2 x + x 1 + 1 + 2 x x
f (1x)=f (x). :

1
I = f (x)dx = f (1 x)dx = [ f (1 x) ] dx =
= [ f (1 x)] 0 = f (0) + f (1) = 1 + 2 = 1
1
1 + 1 + 2 x x + 1 + 1 + 2 x + x
(1 + 2
:=1
22.7 :
1 + 2 x + 1 + 2 x 2 x
(xx+x)==xx+x
) x=-y,dx=-dy.:
I + I -2 = =
x 2 (1 + x 2 )
dx =
0
1 + x2
1
1
1 1
=

x =
1
0 1
I = 2 f ( y)(dy) = 2 f ( x)dx
I + I =
()
[f (x) + f (x)] dx ==
= 2 (xx + x)dx = [(xx + x) + x] 2 = 4
22.8 g(x) h(x) -
.
:
:
2=4=2
x
g(x) = 2f (x) f (t)dt
22.11 x0.xt=y,
:
x
t
h(x) = 2 f (t) f (u)du dt =

0
x
1
x f (y) dy = f (x) 1
0
x
= 2f (x) f (u)du = 2f (x) f (t)dt
x=0c=0..
22.9 .
:
f (t)dt + [ tf (t)] 0 f (t)dt + [(t 1)f (t)] x f (t)dt =

0
f (y)dy = f (x) 1
c1e x , x < 0
f (x) = f (x) f (x) = c, x = 0

c e x , x > 0
2
g(x)=h(x)g(x)=h(x)+c
x
0
:
:
f(0)=1(x=0)-
f:
c1 = c = c2
( lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0) )

x 0
x 0+
:f(x)=ex
465
22.12 :
:
f(x)g(x)3x2
I = yf (y)dy = [ yf (y) ] 0 f (y)dy ..
:
x
: I =
h(x) = f (t)dt g(t)dt x 3

0
h(0)=0 h(1)=0=h(0). -

Rolle.
2
-2
2
22.15 x,
:
x
g(x) = f (t)dt xf (x) + f ()
22.13 f.
:
:
1
I = xf (x)dx = [ xf (x) ] 0 xf (x)dx =

1
2
1 x
= 0 f (x)dx =
0 2
2
1x
x2
= f (x) +
f (x)dx =
0
2
2
0
=0+
=
2
1 3x
1 1 6x 2
dx
=
3
3
0 x + 1 dx =
2 0 x + 1
1
(x 3 + 1)
dx = ln x 3 + 1 0 = ln2
0 x3 + 1
g[,].
Rolle (,) ,
g()=0..
22.16 :
3
xt=y:
g(x) =

f (x) = = 1 + x,
f(x)=x+x+c.f(0)=0c=0.
g(x) = f (xt)dt f (t)dt, x > 0
22.14 )
3
1 3x
f (t)dt f (t)dt
2
x 2x
:
g(1)=0g(x)0=g(1)x>0

x=-y,:
f (x) =
1 + et t
dt
x
et + 1
x
:
2f(x)=f(x)+f(x)=
t
x 1 + e t
e + t
=
dt +
dt = =
t
t
x
x
e +1
e +1
=2(x+x)..
x
g()=0g()=0,
) f(x)=1+xf-
x=2+,Z.
) x=f (y), dx=f (y)dy.
f(0)=0f()=,f-1(0)=0f-1()=.
466 -
Fermatg(1)=0.
:
g(x) =
1
x2
3x
2x
f (t)dt +
1
[3f (3x) 2f (2x)]
x
g(1) = 0 f (t)dt + 3f (3) 2f (2) = 0

2
3
2
f (x)dx = 3 2 2 1 = 4
22.17 x=f(y):
g( f (y) ) yf (y)dy =
= y g( f (y) ) f (y) dy = y(g f )(y)dy =
= [ y(g f )(y)] (g f )(y)dy
) :
f(x1)+f(x+1)=f(x)
..
f(1x)=f(x1).:
22.18 :
1 1
1
f (x)f =
f f (x) = x
x x
x
1
x . -
x
1
2 , :
x
2003
0
f (x 1)dx +
2002
1
:
0
1
1
0
2004
f (x)dx +
2002
0
x<0:
f ()d =
2002
0
f (x)dx +
2004
0
2004
1
2003
0
f (x)dx +
f (x)dx +
2003
2002
f (x)dx
2004
1
f (x)dx =
()
f (x)dx
f (x)dx =
f (x)dx =
lim f (x) = lim

x 0
x 0
2003
2002
2003
2002
f (x)dx
f (x)dx
x
= 1 = f (0)
x
:
0
0
0
f (x) 1
x x
= lim 2 x
== = 0
x 0 xe x 2x
x0 x e
x2x
A == lim
DeLHospital.
22.21 :
f (x) = e x + 1 + x +
x =0
f ( x) = f (x) f (0) = 0
(1)
f (x)dx
22.20 f,:
():
x>0.c=0(x=1),f(x)=x
x>0.:
1 1
f (x)f =
x x
f (x) 1
= ( ln f (x) )= ( ln x ) lnf (x) = lnx + c
f (x) x
f (y)dy +
1 1
1 1
f (x)f + f f (x) =
x x
x x
1
f (x)f = 1
x
2003
0
:
:
x=1c=1.:
f (x + 1)dx =
x1=yx+1=,(1)
1
1 1
1
1
2 f f (x) = f f (x) =
x x
x
x
x
1
1
f (x)f = 0 f (x)f = c
x
x
2003
0
x2
x3

= f (x)
2
6
x 3 = 6 ( f (x) f (x) )
f(x)=-f(-x)=-(-x)=x
1
6 ( f (x) f (x) )
f (x)
dx = 6 1
dx =
0
f (x)
f (x)
f(x)=xxR.
I =
22.19 ) xx
= 6 x ln f (x) 0 = 6 (1 lnf (1) ) 6 ( 0 lnf (0) ) =
= 6 (1 lnf (1) + ln2 ) f (1) = e +
f(-x)=f(x),f.
x=-y..
8

3
467
f (0,)
22.22 ) :
f (x) = =
[0,),.)
4x(x 2)
x 2 + (x 2)2
:
02..
: f(0)=0
f(2)=1
f (x) = ( f (x) )=
=
+
+
1
x
x
) x2=y,:
I = =
x(2 x)2
2
0
(x 2)2 + x 2
2I = I + I = =
2
x 2 + (x 2)2
x(x 2)
dx =
= 2
1
1
2
= [ f (x)] 0 =
2
2
: I =
x = +
,
4
:
f (x)
dx = 2
dx =
2
0
2
2
4
x + (x 2)
f(x)=0x=xx=1
dx
2x(2 x)
2
0
x x
x x
=

2
(1 + x + x)
(1 + x + x) 2
1

4
x 0 +
1
3
< =0
4
4
4
(Z) x = . f(x)
4
-
.
22.23 . ) =[0,)f-
,:

x
1
x
f (x) = ln 1 + =
1 + =
x
2
2
1 +
2
1 1
2 2 x
1
2 =
=
=
x
1 + x
2
2
2 2 x 1 +
2
x
2
1
2 2 x + 2 x x
2
1
=
(1 + x) + x
1
=

1 + x + x
) :
1+x>0x0

:

f 0, , .
4
4
Cf:
x0 =

4
. ) :
x=
y
2
:
f(x)>0x.
f.(
468 -
f (x) = ln 1 + , :
2
dx = y dy = dy
2
:
I=
x + 2 x + x
dx =
1 + x + x
I=2
0

x 2
= ln 1 + + =
4
2 0 4
y + 2 y + y
2
2
2
(dy)
1 + y + y
2
2
f (x)dx + = [ f (x) ] 02 + =
4 0
4 4
4
yx.:
x + x + x
I=2 2
0
1 + x + x
dx
I+I=
+
2
0
2I =
2
0
f (x)f ( yf (x) 1) = x 2 f (y) f (x)
x + x + x
dx +
1 + x + x
) (1)x=0:
f (0)f ( yf (0) 1) = f (0)
1 + x + x
) dx
(x + 2x + x) + x + 2x + x
1+ x + x
I=
1 2 2 + (1 + x + x )
dx
2 0
1 + x + x
:
1
1 + x + x
2
I = 2
dx =
+
2 0 1 + x + x 1 + x + x
2
1
1
dx + 2 1dx =
4 0 1 + x + x
2 0
=
2
1
dx + =
0
4 1 + x + x
4
1
dx
1 + 02
4
1 + x + x
2
0
2
0
1dx = [ x ] = .
2
) :
1
= f (x)
1 + x + x
(1)
x,yR.
x + 2 x + x
2
(2

ln2 + = (1 + ln2)
4
4 4
22.24 :
:
2
0
ln 1 + ln1 + =
4
4
4
f (0) f ( yf (0) 1) + 1 = 0
f(0)0,(2) y =
(2)
x +1
:
f (0)
x +1
f
f (0) 1 + 1 = 0 f (x) = 1
f (0)
f(x)=-1-
(1),x=-1(x=1):
(-1)(-1)=(-1)2(-1)(-1)
1=-1+11=0,
(2)f(0)=0.
) f(0)=0.0
f()=0.x=(1):
f ()f ( yf () 1) = 2 f (y) f ()
0=2f(y)f(y)=0
yR.,f
. f(x)0
x0.:
f(x)=0x=0
469
) x=y=1(1):
22.25 :
f (1)f ( f (1) 1) = f (1) f (1)

f (1) 0
I = ef (x) dx + xf (x)ef (x)dx =
()
f (1)f ( f (1) 1) = 0 f ( f (1) 1) = 0
= ef (x)dx + x ( ef (x) )dx =
f(1)1=0f(1)=1
= ef (x)dx + xef (x) ef (x)dx = xef (x) + c
x=1(1):
f (1)f ( yf (1) 1) = f (y) f (1) f (y 1) = f (y) 1
y=x:
22.26 :
()()()=0
3
(++)2+(++)=0
f(x1)=f(x)1(3)
(++)=(1)
:
) (1)y=1:
3(++)2=32=0
(3)
f (x)f ( f (x) 1) = x 2f (1) f (x)
:
f (x) f ( f (x) ) 1 = x 2 f (x)
= = =
f (x)f ( f (x) ) f (x) = x 2 f (x)

f (x)f ( f (x) ) = x 2
=
(4)
2
2
2
2
, = , = , =
x R.
+ + = + + =
) (4)xx1:

f (x 1)f ( f (x 1) ) = (x 1)2
2 2 2 2
+ + =
( + + ) =

(1).
( f (x) 1) f ( f (x) 1) = (x 1)2
22.27 ) :
( f (x) 1) ( f ( f (x) ) 1) = x 2 2x + 1
xlnx =
(4)
f (x)f ( f (x) ) f (x) f ( f (x) ) + 1 = x2 2x + 1

x 2 f (x) f ( f (x) ) = x 2 2x
f ( f (x) ) + f (x) = 2x
(5)
):
f (x)f ( f (x) ) = x 2 f ( f (x) ) + f (x) = 2x
( f (x) x ) = 0 f (x) = x, x
f(x)=x
.
470 -

+
x 0
:
) :
I=
1
1
1
(x 2 )lnx dx = x 2 lnx x dx =
2
2
2
f (x)f ( f (x) ) = x 2 f (x) [ 2x f (x)] = x 2

2
1
x
) lim f (x) = 0 = f (0).
:
f2(x)2xf(x)+x2=0
lnx
1 2
x2
x lnx + c
2
4
) :
1
E = f (x)dx = lim f (t)dt =

0
x 0
= lim 2t 2lnt t 2 = 1
x 0
():
lim ( x 2lnx ) = lim x lim(xlnx) = 0 0 = 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
) :
E(t) = ln 2 (t) + 1
E(t) = =
22.28 :
f()<f()+1<f()+3<f()=f()+6
2(t)(t)
10
(t) =

2
(t) + 1
3
t=t0:
E=ln10=3cm
...,(,),:
:(t0)=2cm2/sec
f()=f()+1f()=f()+3
...:
1:
f (1 ) =
23.1 ) x=y=1:
2:
f ( 2 ) =
23.
f () f ()
1
=
f2(1)+1=2f(1)+1f(1)[f(1)2]=0
f () f ()
2
=
3:
f () f ()
3
f ( 3 ) =
=
( f (1) = 0 f (1) = 2 )
) f(1)=0.
y=1:
f(x)f(1)+1=f(x)+f(1)+xf(x)=1-x
f (1)=0. ,
[ f (), f ()] -
.
1,23
f(1)=2.
.
22.29 ) :
x
0
(t 2 + 1)f (t)dt = 2 tf (t)dt 2xf (x)

0
-
:
(x2+1)f(x)+(x2+1)f(x)=2
( x2 + 1) f (x) = (2x) (x2 + 1)f (x) = 2x + c

) :
E() = f (x)dx = = ln( 2 + 1)

0
y=1:
f(x)f(1)+1=f(x)+f(1)+x
2f(x)+1=f(x)+2+xf(x)=x+1
.
:
f(x)=1xf(x)=1+x
23.2 ) yx
:
2f(x)+f(1x)=3(x+1)26x(1)
) (1)x1x,:
2f(1x)+f(x)=3(2x)26(1x)
2f(1x)+f(x)=3x26x+6(2)
471
(1) (2) -
(2), :
f (x)
= 1 f ( f ( f (x) ) ) = f (x)
f ( f ( f (x) ) )
3f (x) = 6(x2 + 2x + 1) + 12x + (3x2 6x + 6)
f 1 1, -
-3f(x) = -3x2 6x f(x) = x2 + 2x

) y = 0 :
2f(x) + f(1) + g(x) g(0) = 3(x + 1)2
2(x2 + 2x) + 3 + g(x) = 3x2 + 6x + 3
g(x) = x2 + 2x
f(x) = g(x) = x2 + 2x xR, -
f = g.
f ( f (x) ) = x.
) f ( f (x) ) = x, (1) :
xf (x) = f (x) =
, x 0
x
,
.
) Cf .
23.3 ) :
f ( f (x) ) = 2 x
(1)
xR. (1) x = 1 :
f ( f (1) ) = 1
(2)
(1) x = f (1) :
(2)
f ( f ( f (1) ) ) = 2 f (1) f (1) = 2 f (1)
2f(1) = 2 f(1) = 1
) y0 R. x0 R ,
f(x0) = y0. x0 = f(y0), :
f (x 0 ) = f ( f (y 0 ) ) = 2 y 0
f(x0) = y0, :
x0 = f(2 y0)
f (x 0 ) = f ( f (2 y 0 ) ) = 2 (2 y 0 ) = y 0
f R.
) f 1 1. , f(x1) = f(x2),
:
f ( f (x1 ) ) = f ( f (x 2 ) ) 2 x1 = 2 x 2 x1 = x 2
(1)
f (x) 0 x 0. (1)
x f(x), f(x) 0, :
f ( f ( f (x) ) ) f ( f (x) ) =

f :
lim f (x) = 0 lim f (x) = +, :
x
x 0
f ( (, 0) ) = (0, + )
lim+ f (x) = lim f (x) = 0, :

x +
x 0
23.4 ) :

(-, 0) (0, +). f

-
. ( -
.)
) f, Cf,
R*.
( f ( f (x) ) ) f (x) =

) f -
(2)
(1) (2) :
472 -
f ( (0, + ) ) = (, 0)
f (R ) = (-, 0)(0, +) = R*.

) f(R*) = R* f 1 1,
f-1: R* R. f-1.
:
y = f(x) x = f-1(y)
23.6 ) :
y = f (x) y = x =
x
y
(3, 2)Cf f(3) = 2
f 1 (y) = . -
y
y x :
f 1 (x) =
B(5, 9)Cf f(5) = 9

f(3) < f(5). f -
, .
) f, ,
x *
x
1 1. f-1: f(R) R.

) :
23.5 ) , > 0 f () = f (). -

= . :
x
f (x) f (y) = f
y
(1)
(1)
f () = f () f () f () = 0 f = 0
f (x) = 0 x = 1.
:
11
f 1 (x 2 + x) = f 1 (2) x 2 + x = 2
x2 + x 2 = 0 (x = 1 x = -2)
) :
f ( f 1 (x 2 8x) 2 ) < 2
f&
f ( f 1 (x 2 8x) 2 ) < f (3)
f = 0 =1 =
f-1(x2 8x) 2 < 3 f-1(x2 8x) < 5

f 1 &
f 1 1.
f 1 (x 2 8x) < f 1 (9)
x2 8x < 9 x2 8x 9 < 0 x(-1, 9)
) :
f(x2 + 3) + f(x) = f(x2 + 1) + f(x + 1)
(1)
f (x) f (x 2 + 1) = f (x + 1) f (x 2 + 3)
x
x +1
2
=

x + 1 x2 + 3
3
x + 3x = x + x + x + 1
2
x 2x + 1 = 0 (x 1)2 = 0 x = 1
.
) , > 0 < . :
f() < f()
:
f () f () == f > 0
(1)
> 1. f () < f (), -
f .
11
f ( 2 + f 1 (x 2 + x) ) = f (5)
2 + f-1(x2 + x) = 5 f-1(x2 + x) = 3
(1) x = y = 1 f(1) = 0. :

f ( 2 + f 1 (x 2 + x) ) = 9
23.7 ) f -
= R. :
f(x) = 3x2 + 1 > 0
f .

, R < . :
3 < 3 + 1 < + 1
:
3 + + 1 < 3 + + 1 f() < f()
f .
) f -
1 1. f -
, 1 1. f-1.
) f-1
f. :
f
473
lim f (x) = lim (x 3 + x + 1) =

x
f(x) = g(x) + 2x2 3x - 3
lim f (x) = lim (x 3 + x + 1) = +
x +
x +
f f(R) = R.
f-1: R R.
lim g(x) = 4
x 2
:
lim f (x) = lim g(x) + 2x 2 3x 3 =
) Cf Cf 1 ()
y = x. :
-1
f (x) = x f (x) = x
x 2
x 2
= lim g(x) + lim(2x 2 3x 3) = 4 + (8 6 3) = 3

x 2
x 2
) :
. :
f-1(x) = x f(x) = x x3 + x + 1 = x
x3 + 1 = 0 x = -1
23.8 ) f ,
1 1. :
f ( x + f (y) ) = f (x + y) + 2
(1)
(1) y = 0 :
f ( x + f (0) ) = f (x) + 2
lim
x 2
= lim
f 2 (x) 9
f 2 (x) + 7 4
[f (x) 3][f (x) + 3]
f 2 (x) + 7 + 4
f 2 (x) + 7 16
x 2
[f (x) 3][f (x) + 3] f 2 (x) + 7 + 4

=
x 2
[f (x) 3][f (x) + 3]
= lim
(2)
= lim
x 2
f 2 (x) + 7 + 4 = 8
(1) x = 0 y = x :
f ( f (x) ) = f (x) + 2
(3)
23.10
.
(2) (3) :
f : 11
f ( x + f (0) ) = f ( f (x) ) x + f (0) = f (x)
) :
f(x) = x + f(0) (4)

) f(0) = 2. (1)
x = y = 0 :
f ( f (0) ) = f (0) + 2
(5)
(4) x = 2 :
f(2) = 2 + f(0) (6)
(5) (6) :
f (x) =
Af = R {1, 3}. :

lim f (x) = A
x 1
(1)
:
x2 ( + 3)x + 2 = f(x)(x2 4x + 3)
:
lim x 2 ( + 3)x + 2 =
f : 11
f ( f (0) ) = f (2) f (0) = 2
f(x) = x + 2.
, .
x 2 ( + 3)x + 2

x 2 4x + 3
x 1
= lim f (x) lim(x 2 4x + 3) = A 0 = 0

x 1
x 1
23.9 )
( + 3) + 2 = 0 = 3
lim f (x), -
) = 2, (), -
. -
= 3. :
x 2
:
f (x) 2x + 3x + 3 = g(x)
474 -
f (x) =
x 2 6x + 6 (x 1)(x + 6)
=
=
x 2 4x + 3
(x 1)(x 3)
x + 6

x3
) :
x 2 2
:
lim f (x) = 2 lim
x 1
x 1
x + 6
=2
x3
2 6
= 2 2 6 = 4 = 1
1 3
2x x 2 2
2x
1
2x
1
x 2 f (x)
+ x 2
x
x
x
x

) :
lim
x 0

0
3 0, .
:
3 = 0 = 3
= 3 De L Hospital ( -
()) :
A = lim
x 1
1
1
xf (x) 2x + x 2 2
x
x
x > 0, :
= 1 = 3.
1
1
xf (x) 2x x 2 2
x
x
2x 6
x 3
= lim
= 3
x
1
2x 4
x2
= 3.
.
2x
2x
= 2 lim
=2
x 0 2x
x
(),
lim+ f (x) = 2.
x 0
lim f (x) = 2. ( .)
x 0
lim f (x) = 2.
x 0
) f 0, :
f (0) = lim f (x) = 2
x 0

f (0) = 2.
23.12 ) x = y = 0 :
) :
0
0
A == lim
x 1
x 3
= 3
x2
:
3 = 2 = 1
23.11 ) :
x 2
:
f (0) = f 2 (0) ( f (0) = 0 f (0) = 1)
f(0) = 0, (1) y = 0 f(x) = 0.

(1) :
xy = 0 x, yR
1
1
= x 2 x
x
x
:
x x 2
1
x
x
:
lim ( x ) = 0 = lim x
x 0
f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) xy (1)
x 0
:
1
lim x 2 = 0
x 0
x
, :

2
1 = 0. f(0) = 1.
x=y=
) f x0 = 0, :
lim f (x) = f (0) = 1
x 0
(2)
x0R. f x0,
:
lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 )
h 0
475
x[0, 2]. h -
-
.) :
h(x) 0 [0, 2], -
lim f (x 0 + h) = lim [ f (x 0 )f (h) x 0 h ] =
h [0, 2].
h 0
h 0
h(0) h(2) . :
(2)
= f (x 0 )lim f (h) == f (x 0 )
h(0) = f(0) f(2) h(2) = f(2) f(4)
h 0
f xR.
) f x = , :
lim f ( + h) = f ()
h 0

h(0) + h(2) = 0 ,
f(x) = f(x + 2)
lim [ f ()f (h) h ] = f ()

h(0) + h(2) = f(0) f(4) = 0

h(0) h(2) . -
h 0
g(h) = f ()f (h) h
[0, 2].
23.14 ) f(0) = 7 f(4) = 1, :
:
lim f ()f (h) = lim [ g(h) + h ] =
h 0
f(0) > f(4)
h 0
f, -
= lim g(h) + lim( h) = f ()

h 0
, .
h 0
:
(3)
f ()lim f (h) = f () lim f (h) = 1 = f (0)

h 0
h 0
(3) f -
x0 = 0, ()
R.
23.13 ) x[0, 2], :

) f (0) = 7, f (4) = 1 f
0 x 2 0 + 2 x + 2 4
h [0, 2].
f [0, 4]
g(x) = x + 2
[0, 2]. (fg)(x) = f(x + 2) -
[0, 2]. :
h(x) = f(x) f(x + 2)
.
, -
f() = [1, 7], = [0, 4]. -
f(), f -
. f(x) =
. f
, f ()
. f(x) = .

)
g(x) = f(x) , x[0, 4]. :
. f (x) = f (x + 2)
g(0) = f(0) = 7 0
[0, 2]. :
f(x) f(x + 2) f(x) f(x + 2) 0 h(x) 0
476 -

g(4) = f(4) = 1 0
g(0)g(4)0g
23.15 ) (,)-
=[0,4].
CfCh,:
g(0)g(4)=0, x=0 x=4

g(x)=0, -
f(x)=.
g(0)g(4)<0,Bolzano,

f()=h()f()=f()g()g()=1(1)
f()0.
) :
g 2 (x) + [ g(x)] = 1
2
g(x)=0
(0,4).
(2)
(2) x= :
[0,4] g(x)=0
.
,g-
.
g2()+1=1g()=0(3)
) (2):
2g(x)g(x)+2g(x)g(x)=0
) f,
:
0<1<4f(4)<f(1)<f(0)1<f(1)<7
(1)
g 2 () + ( g() ) = 1
g(x)g(x)+g(x)g(x)=0
x=:
(3)
0<2<41<f(2)<73<3f(2)<21
g()g() + g()g() = 0
0<3<41<f(3)<75<5f(3)<35
g()g() = 0 g() = 0
:
1+3+5<f(1)+3f(2)+5f(3)<7+21+35
f (1) + 3f (2) + 5f (3)
(1)
1<
<7
9
,-
(0,4),:
f (1) + 3f (2) + 5f (3)

f () =
9
,f,-
,-
[1,7].

:
g(x) = f (x)
f (1) + 3f (2) + 5f (3)

9
,,(1).
:
(1)
) CfCh
(,):
f()=h()
:
h(x) = [ f (x)g(x)]= f (x)g(x) + f (x)g(x)
x=:
h()=f()g()+f()g()=
=f()1+f()0=f()
f()=h(),-
.
23.16 CfCg-
,
f(x)=g(x).
:
f(x)=g(x)3x=-x2+3x+1
3x+x23x1=0
:
h(x)=3x+x23x1
g(0)>0g(4)<0
-
Bolzanog.
:
h(0)=0h(1)=0
477
(0,1)(1,3)
CfCg.:
,CfCg
(0,1)(1,3).
h(x)=0
.:
23.17 ) x=y=0:
h(x)=0
f (0) = f 2 (0) f (0) [1 f (0)] = 0
1<2<3
h.h-
[1,2][2,3]
(1,2),(2,3):
h(1)=h(2)=h(3)=0
Rolleh
1(1,2)2(2,3),:
f(0)=0f(0)=1
f(0)=0,y=0:
f(x)=f(x)f(0)+0f(x)=0
:
0=0+xyxy=0
x,yR.,:
h(1)=0h(2)=0
x=y=
h(x)=3xln3+2x3.

2
1=0.f(0)=1.
) x-
y.y
:
f(xy)(-1)=f(x)f(y)+xy

Rolle-
y=0:
-f(x)=f(x)f(0)+xf(x)=-x
f(x)=(x)f(x)=x+c
h(1,2),:
:
h()=0
f(0)=1c=0
:
f(x)=x.
h(x)=3xln23+2
:
23.18 ) :
h()=03ln23+2=0
.
f2(x)=f(x)f(x)
3f (x):
3f 2 (x)f (x) = 3 ( f (x) ) f (x)
2
3
( f 3 (x) )= ( f (x) )
f 3 (x) = [ f (x)] + c
3
(1)
(1) x=0 :

h(x)=0-
478 -
f 3 (0) = ( f (0) ) + c 1 = 1 + c c = 0
3
f(0)=f(0)=1.
(1):
) :
h(x) = ( e f (x) x ) = e f (x) [ f (x)] 1 =
f (x) = [f (x) ]
3
f(x)=f(x)xR.
= e f (x)f (x) 1 = e f (x) [ eg(x) ] 1 =
) :
()
= eg(x) f (x) 1 == 1 1 = 0
f (x)=f (x)f (x)f (x)=0

f (x)e x f (x)e x = 0 ( f (x)e x )= 0
f(x)e-x=cf(x)=cex(2)
x=1:
f(0)=ce01=cc=1
x
f (x)=e , x R.
-
.
23.19 ) f (x)=- e

g(x)
x>0. -
g,
-e
) ():
h(x)=ce-f(x)x=c
(2)x=0:

x>0.h(x)=e-f(x)x.
e-f(1)1=c11=cc=0
:
(x > 0)
e f (x) x = 0 e f (x) = x
-f(x)=lnxf(x)=-lnx
:
f(x)=-lnx,x>0
g(x)
.:
f(x)=-eg(x)
23.20 ) f-
:
f (x) = ( e
g(x)
)= e g(x) = f (x)g(x)
g(x)
R:
(1)
g:
g(x) = ( ef (x) )= ef (x)f (x) = g(x)f (x)
) (1)(2):
f(x)=g(x)(3)
(2)
f (x) = e x 1 x
f(x)=ex1-x
f(x)=ex1
:
f(x)=0ex=1x=0
(3):
f(x)=g(x)+c(4)
:
f(x)<0
x=1:
f(1)=-1g(1)=-1
(4)x=1:
f(1)=g(1)+cc=0
f(x)=g(x).:
f(x)=g(x)+c
x2

2
x=1 :
f(1)=g(1)+cc=0
(-,0)f(x)>0
(0,+),f,x0=0,
(-,0]-
[0,+).
:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
:
f(x)=g(x)x>0
fx0.
479
:
lim e x = 0
f (x)f (0)=0, f

=(-,0]:
lim f (x) = +

) f(x)>0 x0f
x0=0, f
.:
f-
[0,+).
lim f (x) ,:
x +
lim f (x) = +
x<0f(x)<f(0)f(x)<0
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f y=0,
f(-,0)
.
(0,+).
) f(x)=0.
f f
(-,0]-
23.21 ) fg
,=(1,+).
i) :
f(x)=g(x)2+ln(x1)=2ln(x1)
[0,+).
2ln(x1)=0ln(x1)=0
:
x<0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f(x)0x<0.
x>0f(x)>f(0)f(x)>0
f(x)0x>0.
f(0)=0,x=0
f (x)=0,
.
) () f (x)>0
x0f(0)=0.f(x)0xR.-
:
f (x) 0 e x 1 x
ex 1 + x +
x1=1x=2
CfCg
(2,2).
ii) :
1
> 0 x , f
x 1
.
f (x) =

1
< 0 x,g
x 1
.
g(x) =

x2 x3
0
2
6
fg
x2 x3
+
2
6
lim+ f (x) = lim f (x) = +, :
=(1,+).:
f (A)=R
) :
x2 x3
lim f (x) = lim e x 1 x = +
x
x
2
6
480 -
x +
x 1
lim+ g(x) = + lim g(x) = , :

x 1
x +
g(A)=R
) (,)(,)Cf
Cg.Cf
Cg,:
f()g()=-1
2xln
x
x x2 2
= x 2 2 2ln
=0
2lnx 2ln
:
f () =
) :
x
+ = 0 f (x) = 0
x
f()=0,x=-
1
1
g() =

1
1
f(x)=0.f
, x =
f-
f()=g()=,:
f(x)=0.
f ()=g()2+ln(1)=2ln(1)
ln(1)+ln(1)=0
ln [ ( 1)( 1)] = 0 ( 1)( 1) = 1
. g(0)=0, x=0

g(x)=0.x=0-
g(x)=0,g
:
f ()g() =
.
1 1
=
1 1
x<0g(x)<g(0)g(x)<0.
1
= 1
( 1)( 1)
x>0g(x)>g(0)g(x)>0.
g
(-,0)(0,+).
23.22 ) x=(0,+):
f (x) =
=
2 1 2x x 2 2

=
=
x x2
x 2
2 + x 2 2x
(x )2

=
2
x
x 2
f(x)<0xf
23.23 ) g(x)=ex+1>0,g
x=. f.
) f.-
f, f ()=0.
:
f 3 (x) + 3f (x) = e x +
x2
x 1
2
:

) ,f,:
f () f () 2ln 2ln
2ln

+ 0

2 2
ln

3f2(x)f(x)+3f(x)=ex+x1
3f (x) f 2 (x) + 1 = g(x)
(1)
(1)x=:
3f () f 2 () + 1 = g() g() = 0
f()=0.:
g()=0=0
481
().
fx=0.
23.25 ) f-
f=(0,+):
) f
f(x)=(2x2lnx3x2+4x1)=
(f-
=(4xlnx+2x)6x+4=4xlnx4x+4-
).-
x>0
f (0).
f(x)=4lnx+44=4lnxx>0
x<0 (1):
3f (x) f 2 (x) + 1 = g(x) < 0

f (x)<0 (-,0).
(1,+)fx0=1,-
f:
x>0(1):
3f (x) f (x) + 1 = g(x) > 0
2
) f (0,1),

f (x)>0(0,+).
(0,1],
[1,+).
f(0)f.
x=0:
f3(0)+3f(0)=0f(0)=0

f(0)=0f.
) f
(-,0][0,+),

f (0)=0

f.
23.24 ) f
x0=,-
Fermat:

) f (1)=0 f
1,Cf
A (1, f (1) ) , (1,0).
) f(0,1]-
[1,+).:
x<1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
f()=0(1)
,,:
3f2(x)f(x)+3x2=3f(x)+3xf(x)
x=:
2

(1)
f ()f () + = f () + f ()
2
=f ()f ()=

) f()=2.x=:
f3()+3+1=3f()

f (x)>0 x1. f

f=(0,+),f-
.
) f.:
( ) + +1=3
x<1f(x)<f(1)f(x)<0
x>1f(x)>f(1)f(x)>0
2 3
2
2 +1=0( 1) =0

3
=1=1
=1.
482 -
f (0,1)

(1,+).
)ff(1)=0,
f,f-
()
.:
f(x)=0x=1.
>f()>f()f()f()>0

) :
lim f (x) = lim x 2 (2lnx 3) + (4x 1) = +,
x +

x +
:
lim x 2 = +, lim (2lnx 3) = +
x +
x>0,(1):
g(x)>0x>
x<-
:
g(x)>0x<
x +

lim (4x 1) = +
x +
lim f (x) = lim(2x 2lnx 3x 2 + 4x 1).

x 0
x 0
(-,]-
:
[,+).g(x)>g()=0x.
L = lim(x 2lnx)
x=g.
x 0

L 0 (-). :

1
lnx
1
L = lim
== lim x = lim x 2 = 0
2x
x 0 1
x 0
2 x 0
x2
x4
g
) Cf
:
yf()=f()(x)
:
lim f (x) = 1.
y=f()+f()(x)
x 0
f:
f(Af)=(-1,+)
23.26 ) :
g(x)=f(x)f()f()(x),xR
g()=0,x=-
g(x)=0.
x>.-

(,x),:
Cff(x).
:
f(x)y=f(x)f()f()(x)=g(x)
f (x)f ()=f ()(x)
g()=0g(x)>0x,-
g(x)=0,-

x=.

:
g(x)=f()(x)f()(x)=
= [ f () f ()] (x )
(1)
:
g()=0
483
g(x)=f(x)f()
23.28 ) :
2F(x)F(x) = 2e2x ( F 2 (x) )= (e 2x )
11
g(x) = 0 f (x) = f () x =

(f,,11.)
F2(x)=e-2x+c
x<f(x)<f()g(x)<0
) x=0F(0)=-1.
x>f(x)>f()g(x)>0
:
F2(0)=e0+c1=1+cc=0
:
F2(x)=e-2x,xR(1)

() g(x)>0
x. Cf ,
F.
(1)F(x)0-
xR.F.:
F(0)=-1<0
,
F(x)<0xR.
Cf.
(1):
23.27 ) F(x)=f (x) f (x)=e

-F(x)
-
x0.
:
f (x) = e
F(x)
( F(x) )= f (x) [ f (x)] = f 2 (x)
:
f(x)=-f2(x),x0(1)
) f(x)=e-F(x)0x0.
(1):
f (x)
1
1
= 1
= (x) f (x) = (x)
f 2 (x)
f(x)
=x+c
f (x)
(2)
x=0:
f(0)=e-F(0)=1
(2)x=0:
1
= c c =1
f (0)
F(x) = e x F(x) = e x
) F(x)=f(x),f(x)=(-e-x)=e-x.
f(x)=e-x,xR.
23.29 ) :
F(x)=f(x)xR,F
f
g(x) = F(x)F( x) + F(x) ( F( x) )=

=f(x)F(-x)+F(x)F(-x)(-x)=
=f(x)F(-x)F(x)f(-x)
f (x)F(-x)=1, xx

:
f(-x)F(x)=1
:
g(x)=11=0xR
g.
) f(x)F(-x)=1x=0:
f(0)F(0)=1F(0)=1
:
1
1
= x + 1 f (x) =

f (x)
x +1
484 -
g(x)=c,(x=0):
c=g(0)=F2(0)=1
) ,ex-
:
F(x)F(-x)=1xR
) f(x)F(-x)=1F(x)F(-x)=1
:
F(x) = F(x) F(x) = ce
:
F(0)=1c=1
(1)
(1)-
x
e t f (t)dt,
0
e x x + e t f (t)dt = x e x f (x)
0
x
f (x)=e -
,.
gg(x)=g(x)
x,g(x)=cex,x.
(2)
:
(-e-xx+e-xx)+e-xf(x)=
=1+e-xf(x)-e-xf(x)
-x+x=exf(x)
23.30 :
f(x)=ex+x-x
I = f (x)dx = (x)f (x)dx = [ xf (x)] 0 xf (x)dx =

1
= 0 xe x dx =
0
1 2 1
= [ex ] 0
2
1 1 x2 2
e (x )dx =
2 0
1
= (1 e)
2
x
23.31 0 ex t f (t)dt

ex.:
x
x + e x e t f (t)dt = xe x f (x)
:
f(x)=F(x)=(ex)=ex
:
(1)e-x.
F(x)=ex,:
f (x)
= 1 f (x) = F(x)
F(x)

e x e t f (t)dt, -
e x t f (t)dt = e x e t f (t)dt = e x e t f (t)dt
) :
x
f (x) = xe x x e x t f (t)dt
0
f (x) = xe x x e x e t f (t)dt
0
f-
,-
.
,f,
:
.
x
0
e t f (t)dt
) :
f(x)=ex+xx=(exxx)
f (x)=exx-x+c.
x=0f(0)=0.:
f(0)=011+c=0c=0
f(x)=exxx.
23.32 ) :
x
g(x) = f (t)dt x 2 + 1 = f (x 2 )(2x) 2x =

1
=2xf(x2)2xxR
) g(1)=0 g(x)0,
.:
g(x)g(1)xR
g(1)g.-
-
Fermatg.:
()
g(1) = 0 2f (1) 2 = 0 f (1) = 1
485
23.33 ) :
f (x) =
e t + 5t 4 + 3t 2
dt =
x
1 + et
t
4
2
x e + 5t + 3t
e t + 5t 4 + 3t 2
=
dt +
dt =
t
t
0
x
1+ e
1+ e
0
x
0
t
4
2
x e + 5t + 3t
e t + 5t 4 + 3t 2
dt
dt
t
t
0
1+ e
1+ e
:
e x + 5x 4 + 3x 2 e x + 5x 4 + 3x 2
f (x) =
(1) =
1 + ex
1 + e x
-

e2x-3.
) -
-
.,
:
I+I=
e x + 5x 4 + 3x 2 1 + 5x 4 e x + 3x 2 e x
=
+
=
1 + ex
ex + 1
=
e x + 5x 4 + 3x 2 + 1 + 5x 4 e x + 3x 2 e x
=
ex + 1
(e x + 1) + 5x 4 (e x + 1) + 3x 2 (e x + 1)
=
ex + 1
(e x + 1)(1 + 5x 4 + 3x 2 )
= 5x 4 + 3x 2 + 1
ex + 1

+
=
:
2
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
dx = 1dx = 1
1
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
1

2
23.35 ) :
h(x)=f(x)g(x)=(x2+2x1)ex
:
h(x) = (x 2 + 2x 1)e x dx = (x 2 + 2x 1)(e x )dx =
f (0)=0c=0
f(x)=x5+x3+x.:
= (x 2 + 2x 1)e x (2x + 2)e x dx =
=f ()= + + R
= (x 2 + 2x 1)e x (2x + 2)(e x )dx =

= (x 2 + 2x 1)e x (2x + 2)e x + 2e x dx =
23.34 ) x=3y.dx=-dy
=(x2+2x1)ex(2x+2)ex+2ex+c=
:
I=
2x
dx =
2 x + (x 1)e2x 3
2I = 1 I =
x R.
f(x)=5x4+3x2+1f(x)=x5+x3+x+c
(x 1)e2x 3
dx +
(x 1)e2x 3 + 2 x
:
) ():
2
1
2
1
(3 y 1)e2(3 y) 3
(dy) =
2 (3 y 1)e 2(3 y) 3 + 2 (3 y)
=(x2+2x12x2+2)ex+c=(x21)ex+c
=
=
(2 y)e3 2 y
dy =
(2 y)e3 2 y + y 1
2
1
3 2x
(2 x)e
dx =
(2 x)e3 2x + x 1
2
1
2
1
2x
dx
2 x + (x 1)e2x 3
486 -
:
(0,-1)Chh(0)=-1-1+c=-1c=0
h(x)=(x21)ex.
) :
f(x)=g(x)f(x)g(x)=0

(x21)ex=0(x=-1x=1)
f(x)g(x)0x[-1,1]
,-
,-
o10

.
:
1
E = (x 2 1)e x dx = (x 2 1)(e x )dx =

1
= (1 x 2 )e x 1 + 2xe x dx = 2x(e x )dx =
= [ 2xe x ] 1 2e x dx =
1
= [ 2xe x 2e x ] 1 = 0 (2e 1 2e 1 ) =
1
4

e
) :
(10)=1000+1000=2000
23.36 ) x
.
100,x100x
25.
.
100000.
--2000--
-
:
1
100000 1000

=
100x
x
. .
(x)
-
x,100x,
,
:
. 1. ) .
) .
) .
. 2. 1,
2,
3,
4.
2
) ... 3 (2,4). f
,x0.
1000
10000

10 =
x
x
) f
[0,1].=2=4.
:
10000
K(x) = 100x +
, x > 0
x
(1)
) (1),,:
K(x) = 100
10000

x2
:
1
4
2 < f < 4, , 2 < f < 4
5
5
1
4
8 < f + + f < 16
5
5
2<
( 5)
(5) < 4
f 1 ++ f 4
4
...(
2
K(x)=0x =100x=10
).
487
) ...x2(0,1):
f (x 2 ) =
f (1) f (0) 4 2
=
=2
1 0
1
y=2x+2000-
=2=f(x2)..
. 1. .
) .
) .
) .
. 2. [1,3].
[-2,1)(3,6].
7
3
) :
) :
f (6)=0f (6)=15
g(x) =
:=5,=6
f (x) e2x + 1

2x
f (x) = g(x)2x + e2x 1 ..
) f(t)12.
:f(0)=0
:t[3,12]
) :
4
lim
x 0
. 12+2+2+2.
. :
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) ( + 1)2 + 2 = 0
x 5
x 5
:=-1,=0
f (x) f (0)
g(x)2x + e 2 x 1
= lim
=
x
0
x
x
2x
e2x 1
= lim g(x)
+ lim
= 5 2 + 2 = 12
x 0
x x 0 x
) f(0)=h(0).
8
. +.
) lim P(t) = 4 >

t +
5
) :
76
= P(0).
25
9
8
f (t) =
2 f (t) = 8ln(t + 1) 2t + c
t +1
:
f(0)=0c=0
) =4.
) =0.
) :
:f(t)=8ln(t+1)2t
) :
f (x) =
g(x)

(x )2
:
f(t)=0t=3..
g(x)=x22x+3-2
g(1)=1>0g(2)=2<0.
) :
f(8)=8ln916=8(ln92)>0,:
ln9>29>e2,
f(10)=8ln1120<0..
6
. .
488 -
10
) :
2000200=400000=400.
:
2000 20

=
100x x
:
20
160

2 4 . =
x
x
10x.
2
(1)
3f (x)+2f (x)+

=4212=4(23)<0.:
3x24x+6>0
:
K(x) = 400 +
f (x) ( 3f 2 (x) + 2f (x) + ) = 3x 2 4x + 6
160
16
+ 10x = 10 x + + 40
x
x
xR(=1672=56<0),
(1)f(x)>0xR,
f.
) :
16
K(x) = 10 1 2
x
) f(x)>0xR,f
:x=4
20
) (4)=480000
= 5 .
4
--2001--
.
) f[0,1],-
.
x=0:
f3(0)+f2(0)+f(0)=1
1
f (0) f 2 (0) + f (0) + = 1
. 1. .
. 2. ) .
) .
) .
) .
2,
3,
4,
(2)
.f2(0)+f(0)+>0,:
=24<0(2<3>02<4)
f(0)<0.
5.
x=1:
. 2. :
z =1 z
f (0) f (0)+f (0)+
) .
. 1. 1,
2
f3(1)+f2(1)+f(1)=4
2
= 1 zz = 1 z =
1

z

f (1) f (1) + f (1) + = 4
2
2
f (1)+f (1)+>0, =24<0.
1
) = .
9
,f(1)>0.f(0)f(1)<0,

:y=-x+5-e
1
7
7
.. .
= , E =
3
9
27
3
x0(0,1),f(x0)=0,
x0 (0,1). f-
,.
4
) u=xt.du=xdt.t=0
) f 3(x)+f 2(x)+f (x)=x32x2+6x1

Bolzano-
) f (4)=1 f (4)=1e.
) E =
(3)
2

x R.
:
3f2(x)f(x)+2f(x)f(x)+f(x)=3x24x+6
u=0t=1u=x.:
1
f (x) = 1 2 x 2 tf 2 (xt)dt = 1 2 xtf 2 (xt)x dt

x
f (x) = 1 2 uf 2 (u)du
0
(1)
489
:
f (x) = 1 2
x
0
:
uf 2 (u)du = 2xf 2 (x), x
(2)
lim
x +
) gR:
x
= 0
x2 + 1
lim
x +
x
=0
x2 + 1
:
(2)
f (x)
2xf 2 (x)
g(x) = 2
2x == 2
2x = 2x 2x = 0
f (x)
f (x)
lim
x +
x
2x = 0
x2 + 1
,g(x)=0g(x)=c,g
.
) g(x)=c.
:
g(x) =
1
x2
f (x)
:
1
. 1. .
. 2. ) f (x)dx.
1
x2 = c
f (x)
x
(1) f (x) = 1 2 uf 2 (u)du x=0

0
--2001--
f(0)=1.
1
x 2 = c x=0:

f (x)
1
1
02 = c = c c = 1
f (0)
1
:
)
f (x)dx + g(x)dx.
) f (x)dx + g(x)dx.
. 1. f(x)=x3+2x2+2x+3.
1
B. 2. ) e .
2
)
186
.
5
) 5.
2
1
1
x2 = 1
= x2 + 1
f (x)
f (x)
1

f (x) = 2
x +1
) z = 4,
x2+y2=42.
) y=x.
) :
1
lim ( xf (x)2x ) = lim x 2

2x =
x +
x +1
x +
2x
= lim 2
x + x + 1
3
) DeLHospital.
:1
) :
:
x
x

2x 2
x +1
x +1
2
x
x
x
2x 2
x + 1 x2 + 1
x +1
2
490 -
1 e x +1 ln(x 1) ()
lim+ f (x) = lim+

== = 1 0 = 0
1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x
1
:=-1
) Rollef [1,2].
4
.
2.
) .
) .
) :
) .
f (x) =
1 1
+
x x2
x
1
2
tf (t)dt
-
(0,+).
) g(x1)=g(x2),:
f ( g(x1 ) ) = f ( g(x 2 ) ) x1 = x 2

f g 11.
) :
) :
x 2 f (x) = x + tf (t)dt
f(x)+x3x=f(x)+2x1x33x+1=0
2xf (x) + x 2 f (x) = 1 + xf (x)

) .
) .
( xf (x) ) = (ln x) xf (x) = ln x + c
.
h(x)=x33x+1.:
h(x)=3x23,h(-1)=3h(1)=-1
x=1:
f(1)=1
c=1..
) :
f (x) = =
ln x
x > 0
x2

:
lim h(x) =
Hf (0,1]

[1,+). f (1)=1 .

:
:
1=(-,-1],2=[-1,1]
lim f (x) =
3=[1,+)
x 0
LH
lim f (x) === = 0 -
:
h(1)=(-,3],h(2)=[-1,3]

h(3)=[-1,+)
x +
,.
:(-,1]
) x=0, y=0.
e
) E = f (x)dx =
= [ ln x ] 1 +
e
lim h(x) = +
x +
e
1
dx + ln x ( ln x )dx =
1
x
1 2 e
1 3
ln x = 1 + =
1
2
2 2
--2002--
1
. .
.
1. .
1,2
3.0h(1),0h(2)0h(3),
h:
x1(-,-1),x2(-1,1)x3(1,+)
x1<0x3>0:
h(0)=1h(1)=-1
x2(x2(0,1)).
3
) f(x)=h(x)g(x),:
f(x)>0,x[,]
491
:
f (x)dx > 0
h(x)dx > g(x)dx
)
i) :
f (x) + e f (x) f (x) = 1 f (x) =
1
>0
1 + e f (x)
ii) :
f (x) =
e f (x)f (x)
(1 + e
f (x)
(1)
x
h(x) = f (x) h(x)>0(0,1]
2
h[0,1].:
(0,1]g[0,1].:
>0
f ....
[0,+),(0,x),:
1
0
g(x)dx > 0
()(iii)
().
f (x) f (0) f (x)

=
x0
x
4
:
0<<xf(0)<f()<f(x)
1 f (x)
1
<
< f (x) x < f (x) < xf (x)
2
x
2
h(x)dx > 0 ..
g(x)=xf (x)f (x) g(x)>0
f () =
1
0
iii) f, x>0, -

f(x)>f(0)=0.:
) .
) .
) .
) .
5
) f (x) = =
2e x
> 0. f11
(e + 1)2
x
.:
f(x)0x[0,1]
y = f (x) x = ln
:
E=
1
0
f (x)dx
x
f (x) xf (x) x0-
2
x=0,
1
0
1
1
x
dx < f (x)dx < xf (x)dx
0
0
2
f-1:(-1,1)R f 1 (x) = ln
y=f(x)
(1)
) :
f 1 (x) = 0 ln
x2
1
E > =
4 0 4
E < xf (x)dx E < [ xf (x)] 0 f (x)dx

1
1
E < f (1) E E < f (1)
2
x +1
.
x 1
11-
:
1+ y
, y ( 1, 1)
1 y
y(-1,1).
():
) .
1
1
< E < f (1)
4
2
492 -
1+ x
=0
1 x
1+ x
=1 x = 0
1 x
) :
1
I = 21 f 1 (x)dx = 21 [ ln(1 + x) ln(1 x)] dx =

1
2
1
= (x + 1)ln(1 + x)dx + 21 (1 x)ln(1 x)dx = = 0
6
) f (x) = =
4x
.
x + 2 + 2
2
.
) :
2
z + 1 > z 1 z +1 > z 1
>0
:
4 x 2 ( 2 + 2 )
f (x) = =
..
(x 2 + 2 + 2 )2
0
1
0
g(t) 1
, :
1 + et 2
1 g(t)
2 1 + e t dt 0 h(1) > 0
h(1) = 1
1
0
g(t)
dt. :
1 + et
h(0)=-1<0
(Bolzano)h(0,1).
[0,1]:
:
h(x) = =
x = 2 + 2 = = 2 + 2
2 + 2e x g(x)
>0
1 + ex
:
e0exe142+2ex2e+2
2 2
) f f ( ) = ,

(f).:

-1-g(x)0..
f(x)=0x=0
--2003--
7
) (2):
1
2 [ f (x)f (x) ]= f (x) 2f (x)f (x) = f 2 (x) + c
. .

. .
c=0, f (0)=2f (0)=1.
. ) .
) .
:
) .
) .
f 2 (x) = 2f (x)f (x) = f 2 (x)

2
x
) .
2

f (x)=ce , c=1, f (0)=1. f

.
1
x
2
: f(x) = e , x

-
.
) z = i, :
w=3(+i)i(i)+4==
=(3+4)+i(3)
) w=x+yi.:
x=3+4,y=3

y=x123=(3+4)12
) !
448=02=0=-2
g(t)
h(x) = 2x
dt 1, 0g(t)1
0 1 + f 2 (t)
(z)y=x2.
():
1
1
1

1 + e 1 + et 2
) :y=x2 ,

:y=-xy=x2,(x,y)=(1,-1).
:z=1-i
493
3
) :
f(x)=5x4+3x2+1
f
f(x)=20x3+6x,f(x)=0x=0
f(-,0][0,+).
f11,-
f-1.
4
) Bolzano[,],<,
) :
(,),f()=0.
f(ex)f(1+x)ex1+x
h(x)=ex1x,h(x)=ex1
) ...x1(,)x2(,)
h(0)=0h.
,:
f (x1 ) =
f () f () f ()
=
f (x 2 ) =
f () f ()
f ()
=
f()>0f()<0.
h(x)h(0)=0..
) :
yf(0)=f(0)(x0)y=x
3
) E = f 1 (x)dx. x=f(y),:
0
...1(x1,x2),:
f (1 ) =
x2x1>0,>0()()>0
= yf (y)dy = [ yf (y) ] 0 f (y)dy ..

1
[,][,]..
: E =

1
25

12

f()>0.f()=f()=0,f-
1(,),f(1)=0,-
:
E = ( 3 f (x)(dx) ) = =
f ()
<0
x 2 x1 ( )( )
:
E = f 1 ( f (y) ) f (y)dy =
1
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
f () 1
1
=
+
=
x 2 x1
x 2 x1
25

12
494 -
2(,),f(2)=0(
Fermat),1<2.
...:
2
x1(,1),:
) C1 (0,0)
f (x1 ) =
=2.
f (1 ) f () f (1 )
=
>0
1
1
f (1)f [,]
f()>0.
1(x1,1),:
f (1 ) =
f (1 ) f (x1 )
f (x1 )
=
<0
1 x1
1 x1

) :
1
4z 1
4z
z+ 2=
z +
=
2
zz 2
z
w=
1
4z 1
= z + 2 = (z + z) = x
2
2 2
:
x2(,2),:
f (x 2 ) =
z=x+yi.2x2,
f (2 ) f () f ( 2 )
=
<0
2
2
w:
(-2,0)(2,0)
2(x2,2),:
f ( 2 ) =
f ( 2 ) f (x 2 )
f (x 2 )
=
>0
x 2 2
x 2 2
) Bolzano (1,2) (2,1)
3
) Df=R:
lim f (x) = lim
f ,:
x +
f()=0
:
f
,()
x2 + 1 + x
x +
== 0
) :
f (x)
= lim
lim
x x
x
(x 2 + 1) x 2
x 1 + 12 + 1
x
= 2
x
lim ( f (x) + 2x ) = lim

x
x2 + 1 + x ) = = 0
:y=-2x
Cf.
) :
--2003--
1
) .
. .
x
x2 + 1
1 ..
) :
. .
. ) .
f (x) =
) .
) .

x2 + 1 >
x 2 = x x, x 2 + 1 x > 0
f(x)>0
495
f (x) x 2 + 1 + f (x) = 0
f (x)
1
=

f (x)
x2 + 1
f(1)=-f(1)2f(1)=0f(1)=0
x=1 ,f
.
:
) x=1:
x +1
dx =
1
0
f (x)
1
dx = [ lnf (x) ] 0 =
f (x)
= lnf (0) lnf (1) = 0 ln ( 2 1) = =
= ln
1
2 1
= ln
2 +1
= ln ( 2 + 1)
2 1
) g(1)=45=1.:
g(x) =
[f (x)] f (x)f (x)

2
[f (x)]
g(1) =
[f (1)]
2
[f (1)]
4
) f R-
,R.f
.

-
ff.
496 -
=1

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Epanaliptiko G Lykeiou Kat

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*** .

) z=+i ;

) , C +i=0, =0 =0.

) z = z 2 , z, z = z 2 , -

2.3 w = z + 2i , z=x+yix,yR .

) w +i, ,R .

z + 2i x yi + 2i x (y 2)i [x (y 2)i][(x + 2) + yi]

x(x + 2) + y(y 2) xy (x + 2)(y 2)

. z1z 2 = z1 z 2 z1,z2C.

z 2004 + (z)2004 + 2002

) + + =0

) f:AR ,,

) g f =

) f:AR f (x1)=f (x2)x1=x2 , f

) 11, -

) f -1(x)=x f (x)=x ,

f ( x) = f ( x(1) ) == f (x)f (1) = f (x) 1 = f (x)

f (0) = f (x) + f ( x) 2x 2 0 = f (x) + f (x) 2x 2

4.2 f:RR :

f 3 (x) f 3 (1 x) = 2 x 2 2 x 1 [ f (x)f (1 x)] = 2 3 f (x)f (1 x) =

f 2 (x)f (1 x) = 2 x 2 f (x) [ f (x)f (1 x) ] = 2 x 2

4.3 f:RR :

f f ( f (1) ) = 2 f (1) f (1) = 2 f (1) 2f (1) = 2 f (1) = 1

f ( f (f (x)) ) = 2 f (x) f (2 x) = 2 f (x)

) f:AR, f :

) f:AR ,

) f:AR :

) f:A -

(f f )(x)=x x f ()

) f:AR 11, f (x)=x

) f (x) .

) lim f (x) > 0 lim f (x) < 0 ;

) lim f (x).

) lim f (x) > 0, xx0.

) h(x)f(x)g(x)x0, lim f (x) -

) f (x)=x+-1x-1++1x+0 , lim f (x) =

) lim e x = , lim e x = , lim lnx = lim lnx =

)f =(,), lim+ f (x) = A

lim f (x) = f,f()

. lim [f (x) + g(x)] = lim f (x) + lim g(x)

. lim f ( g(x) ) = lim f (u), u 0 = lim g(x) g(x)u0x0

. fx0, lim f (x 0 + h) = f (x 0 ), 0

) f [,].

) lim [f (x)g(x)] = lim f (x) lim g(x).

) R lim f (x) lim [f (x) + g(x)], -

) lim g(x) = u 0 lim f (u) = 1, lim f ( g(x) ) = 1.

lim g(x).

) lim f (x) = + , lim

)f=[,], lim+ f (x) = A

lim f (x) = B, f ()=[,].

) f:RQ, Q

lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (x 0 )

f () lim f (h) = 2f () lim f (h) = 2

lim f (h) = f (0)

f0. f (0)=0,

lim f (x) = 1.

x=0 :

lim f (x) = 1 = f (0)

6.5 f: R (-, 1) g: R (1, +) f() =

f ()g()= ( =x),:

6.6 f: [0, 1] R f(0) = f(1). -

h(x) x=,

g 2 (x) = 1 ( g(x) = 1 x g(x) = 1 x )

. z1z 2 = z1 z 2 z1,z2C.

6.5 f:R(-,1)g:R(1,+)f()=

6.6 f:[0,1]Rf(0)=f(1).-

3+5 ,

.) Df=R :