F'1

Univer siti
Malaysia
V
P A H A N G
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE: POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
COURSE CODE: BEE4173
LECTURER: MUHAMMAD IKRAM BIN MOHD RASHID
DATE: 4 JANUARY 2012
DURATION: 3 HOURS
SEMESTERISESSIONSEMESTER I SESSION 2011/2012
PROGRAMME CODE : BEP
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. This question paper consists of FOUR(4) questions. Answer ALL questions.
2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
4. Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by
the invigilator into the examination room.
EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX - Table of formulas
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
This examination paper consists of SEVEN(7) printed pages including front page
CONFIDENTIALBEP 111211BEE4173
QUESTION 1
(a) Define an economic dispatch in power system.
[2 MARKS]
[CO1,PO1,C1]
(b)
A system consists of 2 plants connected by transmission line and a load only at
plant. The two plants incremental fuel cost in RM/MWh are approximately:
A i
= 0.01P1+8.5
22
= 0.015P2 + 9.5
When 200 MW is transmitted from
1St
plant to 2' plant the power loss in the
transmission line is 16 MW. Determine:
(i)
The required economic generation for each plant.
(ii)
The power received by the load for a system which equal to 12.50 RM/MWh.
[10 MARKS]
[CO3,P03,C3J
G1
V-(:D
Load
Figure 1
2
CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 111211BEE4173
(c) Consider 3 generators Gi, G2 and G3 operating in the pool system with loads 1 and 2
which shown in Figure 2. Each generator has a maximum capacity and bid price for
their power indicated in Table 1 below. Loads 1 and 2 are 360 MW and 140 MW
respectively. Each transmission line is limited to 100 MW.
Load 1Load 2
Figure 2
Table 1
Generator Max Capacity (MW) Bid Price
Gi 450 RM 15/MWh
G2 200 RM2O/MWh
G3 100 R1v125/MWh
Determine:
(i)
The System Marginal Price (SMP), Pool Purchase Price (PPP), and Pool Selling
Price (PSP).
(ii)
Total generation income and demand charges for both unconstrained and
constrained dispatch. Loss of load Probability (LOLP) is assumed to be 0.
(iii)
Pool Purchase Price (PPP) when LOLP is 0.00015 and VOLL is
RM23 OOIMWh.
[13 MARKS]
[CO3,P03,C3]
3
CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 111211BEE4173
QUESTION 2
(a) Draw a block diagram of a governor prime mover rotating mass load model.
[6 MARKS]
[CO1,1`01,C21
(b) 2 identical alternators 4 MVA operate in parallel. The governor of the first machine is
such that drops from 50
Hz on no load to 47.5 Hz on full load. The corresponding
drop for the second machine is 50 Hz to 48 Hz. A load of 6 MW are shared by the
two machines, determine:
(i)
Power produced by each machine to supply the load
(ii)
System frequency at this load
[9 MARKS]
[CO2,P03,C3]
(c) Two areas connected by a tie line with the characteristics given in Table 2:
Table 2
Areal Area
R=0.Ol2pu R=0.O2pu
D=0.75pu
D=1.2pu
MVA base = 500 MVA base = 500
A load change of 20 MW occurs in area 1. Assume both areas at nominal frequency
(5014z) to begin. Calculate:
(i)
Steady-state frequency for the system
(ii)
Power change in tie flow from Area 1 to Area 2
(iii)
Change in generation for each area
[10 MARKS]
[CO2,P03,C3]
4
CONF]DENTIAL

BEP 11121'BEE4173
QUESTION 3
(a) Consider a synchronous generator feeding into a power system as shown in Figure 3.
Prove all the expressions for active and reactive power can be given as:
EV
PA =

-i sinS
EV
=-i sin (5
where
E2EV
QA=
-1
CO S
S
EVV2
QB=kcosS x
P =real output power
Q=reactive output power
E =internal voltage
o =phase displacement angle
V =infinite bus voltage
X =Reactance
IL

I
SA ELS
VLOSB
Figure 3
[15 MARKS]
[CO2,1`03,0]
(b) An alternator having reactance Xd of 0.35 Pu
1Sconnected to an infinite bus through a
feeder having reactance 0.35 pu. The alternator delivers 1.0 Pu current at 1.0 Pu
voltage and power factor 0.86 leading to an infinite bus. Determine:
(i) P, Q, E and 8 at receiving end,
(ii)
If the excitation is increased by 15 %, calculate P, Q, E and 8
[10 MARKS]
[CO2,1`03,0]
5
Vs
CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 11121/BEE4173
QUESTION 4
(a) Define the term SCADA and justify THREE (3) reasons why SCADA had been
design in power system application?
[4 MARKS]
[C04,PO1,PO2,PO7,C2]
(b) Briefly describe TWO (2) benefits of utilizing FACTS devices.
[5 MARKS]
[C04,PO1,P02,P07,C2]
(c) Discuss in brief the following term:
(i) Master units
(ii) Remote units
[6 MARKS]
[C04,PO1,P02,PO7,C2]
(d) Figure 4 show a 230 kV line is fed through an 33/230 kV transformer from a constant
33 kV supply. At the load end of the line the voltage is reduced by another
transformer of nominal ratio 230/11 Ky. The total impedance of the line and
transformer at 230 KY is (30+j80) ohms. Both transformers are equipped with tap-
changing facilities which are arranged so that the product of two off-nominal settings
is unity. If the load on the system is 150 MW at 0.9 p.f. lagging, calculate the settings
of the tap changers required to maintain the voltage of the load bus at 11kV. [Use a
base of 100MVA]
[10 MARKS]
[CO2,P03,PO4,C3]
V1 =230kVV2=230KV
i:t3

tr:I
Figure 4
END OF QUESTION PAPER
6
BEP 111211BEE4173
CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX - Table of Formulas
p(k)
I2(y+Afl11)
n g
p(kL..pp_p(k)
I-
V LaP,
w here
Y
)
n g
i=1 2(yj
,%(k+1)
= 2(k ) +A2(k)
11
R1 R2 R
AW
R=pu
AP
RP +QX
tsV l =+
trlJZ
AcD
Sine, cosine and tangent of a sum
siii(AB)
sin
A co s B +co s A sin B
cos (A B) =co s A co s .8 +sin AshiB
tan Atan B
an(A B) =
1 tan tan B
7