Telecommunications and

Computer Networks
Agenda
Purpose of Computer Networking
Transmission Media
Communications
Communications
The analog signal
(audible)
is sent through
telephone lines.
MODEM MODEM 011010001 011010001
Digital signal
Digital signal
This modem converts
digital to analog.
This modem converts
analog to digital.
Computer Networking
Interconnected collection of computers that share data,
memory and other valuable resources.

A computer network consists of communication media,
devices and software needed to connect two or more
computer systems and/or devices.

Networks can be used to share hardware, programs and
databases across the organization.
Purpose of networking
Data communication
Simultaneous Access
Resource sharing
Reliability
Scalability
Save money



The Uses of a Network -
Simultaneous Access
In organizations, many people may
need to use the same data or programs

Shared data and programs can be
stored on a central network server

Managers may assign access rights to
users.
Read/write Read/write Read/write Read/write Read/write
Read only
It is cost-effective to
connect a device to a
network so users can share
it.
Users can send multiple
documents (called print
jobs) to a networked
printer at the same time.

E-Mail
Teleconferencing
Video Conferencing

The Uses of a Network -
Shared Peripheral Devices

The Uses of a Network -
Personal Communication

1 2 3 4
Email service process flow
Transmission Media
Types of Media
Twisted-Pair
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Microwave Transmission
Satellite Transmission
Twisted-Pair
Twisted-Pair Wire Cable
Advantages
-least expensive
-widely available
-moderate capacity
-easy to install
-transfer 10-100Mbps

Disadvantages
-Slow(low bandwidth), Easily tapped
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial Cable
-moderately expensive
-higher capacity
-bulky
--transfers 1-2 Gbps
-usually used to carry TV signals


Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
-very expensive
-high capacity
-uses light
-travels long distance
without attenuation
(several Gbps for
about 100-200 Km)


Microwave Transmission
-Expensive
-Requires no cabling
-best for high volume and long distance
-limited to line of sight
-waves travel in a straight line and
narrowly focused in a parabolic antennae
-cant penetrate solid objects

Microwave Transmission
Satellite Transmission
Technological Updates
in Information Systems
Emerging Technologies
WiFi
WiMax
VOIP
GPS
RFID
WiFi

Wireless Fidelity = wireless LAN
Wireless Connection to access a Network
Wireless LAN
Standard for transmitting information in the
form of radio waves over distances up to
about 100 - 300 feet

WiFi
WiMax
Worldwide Interoperability Microwave
Access = Metro based broadband wireless access
Longer distance coverage (~50 km)
Connecting geographically remote areas



WiFi and WiMax

VOIP
Voice Over Internet Protocol
VOIP Phones are connected to the
internet using n/w cables or WiFi
Preferred over normal cabled telephone
Interactive user interface
Easy connectivity
VOIP
Cost Reduction
Quality
Parallel calls using same connection
No limitation on location

GPS
Global Positioning System
Satellite based tracking
Used for navigation
Applications:
Fleet Management
Logistics
Asset tracking


RFID
Radio Frequency Identification
Transmitting signal over Radio Wave from
an object connected to RFID device to the
reader
Objective is to keep track
Applications :
Inventory Management
Retail Store
Logistics


RFID Applications