1

3.6.
3.6.1.

,
.
- ,
.
,
, , ,
, , , ,
, .

.
,

. 36.1.
: ) ;
,) 60; ,)

- ,
, ( = 0,98 - 0,99), ,
,

.

,
,
, ,
.

. 36.1.
. .

. 60
.

.


.
.
,
.
.

. 36.2.

( ),
.
(. 36.2).

3.6.2.

( ).
.

. 36.3. : ) ; ) ; )
; ) ; ) ; ) y-
; ) .

. ,
.

1. (. 36.3,),
. 32 150 mm
1,5 12 kN. ,
2 m/s.
2. (. 36.3,),
.
22 ... 148 mm 0,3 ...
32 kN.
.
3. (. 36.3,) 4
.
0,3 m/s.
4. (. 36.3,)

. ,
5 m/s.
.

. 36.4. : ) ; )

5. (. 36.4)
,
. (. 36.4,)
, , .
(1) (2).
(3) .
(1) (4)
. (2)
(5).

, .
,
.
.
.
.
.
( 24 ),
1000 kN, 30 m/s.
36-1 ,
DIN 8187.
(DIN
8181 DIN 8189),
. 3 m/s.

, .
6. (rotary-) (. 36.3,)
,
.
17 m/s
Ft .
.
7. Fleyer- (. 36.3,) .
,
.
.

.
8. (. 36.3,)
.

.
60.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
(
), .

, ,
,
. .
.

(.
36.5),
.


30 m/s.
. 36.5.

3.6.3.

.

.
.
, 2%,
.
.
DIN 8187 DIN 8196.
DIN
8196 36-2.
z1 z2

n
z
d
u= 1 = 2 = 2
(36.1)
n2 z1 d1
n1 n2 , d1 d2
.
7 (u < 7)
10.
.
. 36.6.
,
,
.
.

. 36.6,,,
.36.6,,,.

. 36.6. :
() ()
(), () () .

7 m/s 1530, 1730

3130.
1220, 1221, 4120, 4320.
30
, SL 200, Sl 250.

3.6.4.

.
dmax = d dmin = dcos /2, = 360/z (. 36.7).
vmax = v vmin = vcos /2.
v = v(1 - cos /2),
. v
. %

z = 14 2,5%, z = 16 2%, z = 20
1,2%. z < 14 .

. 36.7.

, ()
. .

. amax=p2/2
s-1, p m.

.
z 19 p

. (z < 17)
.
:
z1 = 6 ... 7
- ,
z1 = 8 ... 10
- 1 m/s ,
z1 = 11...13
- 4 m/s
,
z1 = 14...26
- 7 m/s
,
z1 = 17 ... 25 - ,
z2 80
- ,
z2 120
- ,
z2 > 120
- .
:
:
(13)
(15)
17
19
21
23
25
:
38
57
76
95
114

,
.

, ,
.

3.6.5.

- .

.
Ft ,
Ft =

2T1
d1

(36.2)

T1 - , d1 -
.
,

Ft. Ft
.
,
CA,
CAFt. CA 36-3.

. v > 7 m/s
.
kg/m ( 36-1) v m/s
N :
Fc q v 2

(36.3)

.
( 70)
FG N :

FG q g L

(36.4)

q - kg/m, g - m/s2 L m (
L ).

( < 70)
FG N :
FG =

q g L2
cos
8f

(36.5)

f - m,
f = (0,02...0,025) a .

10

. ,
.
,
:
FV C A Ft 2 FG

:
F CA Ft Fc FG

(36.6)
(36.7)

3.6.6.
,
(36.7).
,
,
, .

.

. 36.8.

,
, I-I (. 36.8).
,
. - ,
- II-II . 36.8.
5...6
.

S=

FM
5
F

(36.8)

FM - 36-1, F -
(36.7).

.
d2 b2

11

, = b2d2.
( 36-1).
,
.
:
F
pd
(36.9)
A
(36.9) pd

p=

pd pN K h K P K L K x

(36.10)

pN
36-4, h
Kh =

226u a 1
4,75

Lh p u 1

(36.11)

KP 36-5.
KL : KL = 1 - ; KL = 0,2 -
; KL = 0,5 - .
Kx (Kx = 1)
. x 2
( )
Kx :
K x = 0,9 x 2

(36.12)

3.6.7.

.
.
( u < 7).
/ (
36-3).
, (,
, ).
( ).
.
(, , , ).
.
.
3.6.7.1.

.

12

3.6.4. ,
1 36-6.
25 m/s,

z1 ( 36-7).

. ,
.
, .
.
:
a 3050 p

(36.13)

amax=80p,
amax=70p.

a, Z p
z1 z2.
a0,
:
2

a
z z z z p
Z0 = 2 0 1 2 2 1
p
2
2 a0

(36.14)

Z (
), :
p
z z
z z
z z
Z 1 2 Z 1 2 2 2 1
4
2
2

a=

(36.15)

(36.14) (36.15) p mm, z1 z2

.
3.6.7.2.

DIN 8195, 36-8.

.

.
z1 = 19.
i = 3.
Z = 300 .
.
.

13

Lh = 15000h.
3%.

, P1
, P0
.
36-8
P0 =

C A P1 K z
K a K L K x K0 Kt K P

(36.16)

: CA - 36-3;
Kz -
z1: Kz = (19/z1)1,085;
Ka - ,
p : Ka = 0,45(/p)0,215;
KL -
(36.10);
h - (36.12)
0 - : 0 = 0,8 - ;
0 = 1;
t - ,
Lh h: t = (15000/Lh)1/3;
P - 36-5.

.

,
.

.
(36.8)
(36.9) .

3.6.8.

15000 36-8.

.

,
.
.

( ),
.
36-9.

14

,

.

,
.

( ) .
, , 3 6
. ,
.
.