1

0
1 0
1 0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
RED OUTPUT
194V
TP50
TO
E8
RED BIAS
<21-B>
E5003
E5007
TO
E7
GRN BIAS
0
1
1
0
0
0
0 1
1 1 0
VERTICAL
1
1
1
0
TP24
TECHNICAL TRAINING
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
ITC222
PTV Troubleshooting Guide
FOREWORD
This publication is intended to aid the technician in servicing the ITC222 television chassis.
Directed at the safety circuitry and based on the previous ATC221 Safety Circuit
Troubleshooting Manual, it will explain the theory of operation of those circuits highlighting
new and different technologies associated with this digitally controlled chassis. It is
designed to assist the technician to become more familiar with the safety circuit operation,
increase confidence and improve overall efficiency in servicing the product.
Note: This publication is intended to be used only as a training aid. It is not meant to replace
service data. Thomson Service Data for these instruments contains specific information
about parts, safety and alignment procedures and must be consulted before performing
any service. The information in this manual is as accurate as possible at the time of
publication. Circuit designs and drawings are subject to change without notice.
SAFETY INFORMATION CAUTION
Safety information is contained in the appropriate Thomson Service Data. All product
safety requirements must be complied with prior to returning the instrument to the
consumer. Servicers who defeat safety features or fail to perform safety checks may be
liable for any resulting damages and may expose themselves and others to possible injury.
All integrated circuits, all surface mounted devices, and many other
semiconductors are electrostatically sensitive and therefore require
special handling techniques.
First Edition - First Printing
Copyright 2005 Thomson, Inc.
Trademark(s)

Registered Marca(s) Registrada(s)

RCA and the RCA logos are trademarks of THOMSON
S.A. used under license to TTE Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
Prepared by
Thomson, Inc for TTE Technology, Inc.
Technical Training Department, INH905
PO Box 1976
Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 U.S.A.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
4
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 3
Safety Information CAUTION............................................................................................. 3
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5
Overview ............................................................................................................................. 7
ITC222 Dead Set Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 10
Shutdown or Three Strikes .............................................................................................. 12
Standby Power Supply Troubleshooting ........................................................................ 13
System Control (SSB) Troubleshooting ......................................................................... 14
Safety Shutdown .............................................................................................................. 15
ITC222 Force ON RUN supply ......................................................................................... 16
Run Supply Troubleshooting .......................................................................................... 17
Run Supply Troubleshooting Continued ........................................................................ 18
Deflection Shutdown ........................................................................................................ 19
ITC222 Force on Horizontal Drive ................................................................................... 20
Deflection Shutdown 2..................................................................................................... 22
Beam Info Troubleshooting ............................................................................................. 23
EW Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................ 24
XRP Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 25
Vertical Troubleshooting ................................................................................................. 26
Start-up and Shutdown Information
Power On/Off ............................................................................................................... 27
Audio Protection ......................................................................................................... 29
Audio Power Supply Shutdown ................................................................................. 29
Audio Output Safety Shutdown (SAFETY_AP) ......................................................... 30
Over Voltage Protection ............................................................................................. 31
Power Supply Voltage Loss-Safety PTV CRT ........................................................... 32
Safety_PTV Interlock .................................................................................................. 34
Safety_PTV_CRT (Rear Projection Only) .................................................................. 35
Deflection Shutdown Overview ................................................................................. 37
Excessive High Voltage .............................................................................................. 38
ABL & XRP................................................................................................................... 39
Safety Enable .............................................................................................................. 39
Vertical Guard ............................................................................................................. 40
SSC_VERTICAL_GUARD............................................................................................ 40
East-West Protect ....................................................................................................... 42
Summary ........................................................................................................................... 43
Appendix
SSB Component and Test Point Locations
Interconnect Wiring Diagram
Op-Amps
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
5
Introduction
INFO
Pg XX
The following symbol is used to reference additional information. It has the page number were
the additional information can be found.
The ITC222 Troubleshooting Guide will cover the different shutdown circuits and how to
troubleshoot each. It will concentrate on each circuit individually but provide an overall starting
point to isolate each shutdown when possible.
Also included in this manual is detailed information about each shutdown. Flow charts and
procedures are used to isolate down to a circuit and, where possible, components. Some of
the procedures require disabling a shutdown and potently create a safety issue if not performed
correctly. It is the responsibility of the servicing technician to return the set back to safe
operation.
An Appendix provides additional information on test points and Op-Amp operation.
This training material assumes the reader has a base knowledge of the ITC222 television
chassis. The material has been prepared using general values of components. These
components and other circuitry may change over time, so in all cases, Electronic Service
Data for the instrument should be consulted for the most accurate component values and
voltages.
Typical nomenclature for component ID and references to ground and supply voltages
will be used throughout. To designate individual pin assignments of an IC and active
components the following formats are used.
IR001-115 designates IC IR001, pin 115.
TR198-B designates the Base of transistor TR198.
Power supply labels will be used whenever possible. S for standby operation and R for
run. Normal operating voltages and signal designations will be used. For example:
SAFETY ENABLE would stand for a signal that under normal run conditions would be a logic
HIGH, in most cases near +5V. SAFETY ENABLE would signify a signal whose normal operating
level is LOW, in most cases near ground.
EEPROMs or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, are sometimes
referred to as NVMs or NonVolatile Memory devices. They are the same device simply
called by different names.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
6
The ITC222 PCBs may be referenced during troubleshooting. The Board layout view above
will be used to navigate to the various test points referred to in this troubleshooting guide.
The view is from the top of the PCB with reference connectors shown for ease of identifica-
tion. The technician may count from pin one from either the top or bottom of the board. In
most cases the test points are easier to access from the bottom of the board.
Some connectors may appear in-line from the top, but may have staggered pinouts on the
solder side as in the figure below.
Note from the top of the board, pin one through pin fifteen is sequential. However, from the
bottom of the board the pins are staggered with pin one starting from the larger row at the
lower left, pin 2 diagonally up, then diagonally back to pin 3 and so on.
15 Pin Connector Top View
15 Pin Connector Bottom View
1
2
3 5 7 9 11 13 15
4 6 8 10 12 14
Pin 1 Pin 15
Figure 2; Connector Pinouts
Figure 1; CBA Layout
Blue
Grn
Red
BB204
BB201
BB203
BB202
BB104
IB101
IB201
BB303
IB301
BH BV GH GV RH RV
BW005
BW001 BW002
BW004
CP410
CP411
DP400
LP401
FP400 BP414
B
P
4
0
2
BP401
BP400
BP610
TP630
LP650
LP605
BL600
BL660
BP010 BP011
LP050
BP130
BP150
TP020
TL010
BL035
LL008
BL500
BF001
BL111
BP005
IR001
Gem Cam
BP500
BV001
BP501
BK270 BV500
IK201
IC040
IV300
IV100
IX300
IX400
IT600
IR006
T
E
C
I
B
u
s
sM
a
i n

T
u
n
e
r
S
e
c
o
n
d
T
u
n
e
r
BA002
BA001
IA001
BA010
BL200
BR001
BK202
IV400
Watchdog
Circuit Area
IA900
DVI
G
Link
DVI
Aud
Comp
1
Comp
2
S
Vi d
CVBS
1&2
Monitor
Out
BP120
IP650
IR & Key Board
LP400
IP080
LP020
MID
PSD
SSB
CAM CPS
R-CRT
G-CRT
B-CRT
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
7
Overview
As the ATC221 did previously, the ITC222 uses two independent legs of safety and
operational shutdown circuits closely tied together. These legs are made up of other
circuits that protect individual sections to prevent catastrophic failure in circuits such as
the power supplies, deflection, convergence and others. The individual sections are
connected to one of two main branches of protection circuitry: one for safety related
shutdowns of the main run supply (Safety Shutdown) and another for deflection related
failure shutdown including XRP Deflection Shutdown).
The two branches operate independently of each other and although performing different
functions both result in a shutdown of the set which may or may not provide error code
data. In many cases recovering from shutdown is automatic. Other times an AC recycle
of the instrument is required. If there are three deflection restarts within 2 minutes a special
warm start is performed. After the third deflection restart the system will switch to Standby-
mode and stay there for a minimum of one minute. During this minute all FPA and remote
IR commands are ignored which means the set cannot be turned on. This is implemented
due to safety reasons and to avoid overheating components.
Safety Shutdown
Deflection Shutdown
EW_PROT
XRP
SAFETY_AP
PS OVERVOLTAGE
PS LOSS
SAFETY_PTV_CRT
STARTUP DELAY
BEAM INFO
SAFETY_ENABLE
VERTICAL GUARD
BEAM CURRENT
SAFETY
To Pwr On Switch
NORMAL: Low
PROTECT: High
RUN: < +3V
XRP: > +3.8V
NORMAL: High
PROTECT: Lo
STDBY: Lo
+5Vs
TP210
IP190A
IP190B
IV400
VID PROC
SAFETY_INT
TO MAIN MICRO
4
EHTIN
2
5
6
-
+
28
SSC
V GUARD
ITC222
Shutdown/Safety
Block Outline
IK201
Conv Micro
Figure 3; Shutdown / Safety Block
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
8
In many areas multiple signal lines converge into one point. Most times those converging
lines are isolated by a diode. New for the ITC222 is the use of open collector comparators
allowing direct connection of multiple signal lines. Since one shutdown can affect other
safety or protection lines it complicates troubleshooting. This manual will attempt to show
where common checkpoints and measurement locations are along with nominal voltages
expected during run or shutdown situations.
Below are the shutdown circuits and the signal lines that connect to the different shutdowns.
The Safety shutdown may be broken into five distinct sections:
Audio Power Supply and Audio Output Monitoring
Main Run Power Supply Loss (PS LOSS)
Rear Projection Instrument Safety (CRT Scan Loss protection)
Start-up Delay
Power Supply Overvoltage
Deflection Shutdown may also be broken into six distinct sections:
Beam Current monitoring
XRP
East West Circuitry Power Dissipation
General Deflection Safety
Micro based suspension of the Safety Monitoring during deflection start-up
(Safety_Enable)
Vertical Guard to shut down CRT drive in the event of vertical scan failure
Because many of the sensors are looking at voltages that could cause shutdown circuits
to activate, there are typically threshold voltages causing the actual shutdown trip. In this
manual many voltages provided are nominal. In other words, the voltages may change
during operation or may not be exactly as indicated depending upon circuit tolerances,
alignments, and adjustments. When nominal voltages are indicated study the surrounding
circuits to determine how close to the nominal the voltage should be. Every attempt will
be made to provide the range expected, however; due to accumulative circuit tolerances
nominal voltages are interdependent on the circuits feeding them and may vary over a
wide range yet still be valid. The most important indication of circuit activity will usually be
the relationship of the input voltages of the Op-Amps or comparators and whether the
output of those devices logically follow the inputs.
Threshold voltages are generally more accurate since they have been set specifically to
shutdown operation if the threshold is reached. The only exception to the specific threshold
voltage is XRP, which must be adjusted according to specific circuit reaction to many
interrelated conditions.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
9
Safety Shutdown
Deflection Shutdown
EW_PROT
XRP
SAFETY_AP
PS OVERVOLTAGE
PS LOSS
SAFETY_PTV_CRT
STARTUP DELAY
BEAM INFO
SAFETY_ENABLE
VERTICAL GUARD
BEAM CURRENT
SAFETY
To Pwr On Switch
NORMAL: Low
PROTECT: High
RUN: < +3V
XRP: > +3.8V
NORMAL: High
PROTECT: Lo
STDBY: Lo
+5Vs
TP210
IP190A
IP190B
IV400
VID PROC
SAFETY_INT
TO MAIN MICRO
4
EHTIN
2
5
6
-
+
28
SSC
V GUARD
ITC222
Shutdown/Safety
Block Outline
IK201
Conv Micro
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
Monitor
AC Volt age Out
with 120VACIn
ADD
Variable
ISO-Tap
Digital Volt Ohm Meter
Oscilloscope
Isolation Transformer
Basic Hand Tools
Signal Generator
ATSC/NTSC
Chipper Check
Tool Box Key
The graphic below is a key to the ICONS found in the troubleshooting procedures. It lists the
tools and test equipment required to perform each procedure.
Figure 4; Shutdown / Safety Block
Figure 5; Tool Box Key
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
10
The first step in all troubleshooting is to determine what is or is not working. The following
information should be used when the set is totally dead or nothing happens when the power
button is pushed.
1 Once the main fuse has been eliminated as a potential problem, measure the +1.8Vs
supply at IP551 on the SSB board:
Figure 6; STBY 1.8V Location
The +1.8Vs voltage is the main supply for the main microprocessor, IR001. Without it,
nothing will fire up. If missing, troubleshoot the Standby Power Supply.
2 Once the +1.8Vs supply has been confirmed as operational, check the clock (pin 6)
and data (pin 5) lines to the main NVM, IR005.
ITC222 Dead Set Troubleshooting
Figure 7; Clock and Data Location
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
11
In the first 100mS after AC power is applied the CLOCK and DATA lines must rise to very
near +5V and have at least few cycles of data. This indicates communication between the
main microprocessor and NVM (EEPROM). Note only a limited amount of Data is
transferred when AC is applied. Communications will cease until the power ON button is
pressed to start the chassis. However, the short amount of data transfer between the
microprocessor and NVM is a good indication that communications between the main
microprocessor, ROM and RAM were successful and the main microprocessor is alive.
From observing clock and data activity, there are two failure indications. First, if there were
no signs of data or clock suspect the main microprocessor is defective. However if there
is constant communications it indicates the microprocessor is trying to communicate with
the NVM and cannot. Suspect a defective NVM (EEPROM). In either case the SSB should
be replaced.
NOTE: In some cases it may be required to check the communications again. To do so
requires the main micro be in a zero voltage state. Be aware the mains doubler can hold
a significant voltage for a long period of time. AC must be removed for at least several
minutes to give the +1.8Vs supply time to completely bleed off. To save time the +1.8Vs
supply may be bled by shorting CP555 on the SSB module. Check the +1.8Vs supply to
make certain it is less than +0.2V before attempting to reapply AC power.
POWER FAIL (INF_POW_FAIL)
Another useful preliminary check is the INF_POW_FAIL voltage located on the PSD board.
The voltage monitors an unregulated rectified output from the +7Vs winding. This can be
located on one end of RP231 as shown. During normal operation this voltage will be less
than -1V and normally stays around -2V. INF_POW_FAIL can indicate severe loading
problems on the standby supplies. Absence of a negative INF_POW_FAIL signal will not
allow the chassis to start.
Figure 8; Location of Reset Cap
Figure 9; Inf_Pow_Fail
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
12
Device Voltage
DP220-C +7.2V
IP250-3 +4.99V
DP240-C +3.4V
Start
Does the FPA
LED flash?
Apply AC power
and Press the
power switch
Check standby
power supply
voltages per chart
No
Voltages
correct?
Monitor the PO (Power
ON) line at DP211-A and
press the power switch
Troubleshoot the
Standby power
supply
No Yes
Did the PO line
change state (go from
low to high)?
Troubleshoot
System control
No
System Control is trying to
turn on the run supply.
Monitor the Safety shutdown
at TP210-C and press the
power switch.
Yes
Does TP210-C go
high (Protect)
Troubleshoot
Deflection
Shutdown
Troubleshoot Safety
Shutdown
No
Yes
Location INFO
Yes
System
Reset
System
Reset
Syst em Reset : Remove AC
power and short out CP555 for 10
seconds then reapply AC power.
See page 11 for details.
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
Shutdown or Three Strikes
INFO
Pg 14
INFO
Pg 13
INFO
Pg 19
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
13
Standby Power Supply Trouble-
shooting
Start
B+correct
(+306Vdc)?
No
Check pin 2 of
IP020 for +10Vdc.
Suspect AC Input /
Mains Input Supply
Yes
Voltage Correct?
Suspect IP020, DP023,
RP023 and RP028.
Check Standby
supplies again?
Check for raw B+
at connector
BP010 between
pins 2 and 3.
No
Yes
Are the Standby
Supplies pulsing?
No
Check pin 1
of IP030.
Yes
Pin 1 of IP030
+4.98V?
Suspect DP240,
IP240, IP030
No
Suspect TP026,
IP030, and IP020
Yes
Standby Supply is
working, Check +5V
regulator IP250 pin 3
for 5V.
Voltage Correct? Suspect IP250
Standby Supply
is working.
No
Yes
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
14
System Control (SSB) Trouble-
shooting
Device Voltage
DP220-C +7.2V
IP250-3 +4.99V
DP240-C +3.4V
Start
Does the FPA
LED flash?
Apply AC power
and Press the
power switch
Check standby
power supply
voltages per chart
No
Voltages
correct?
Check pin 6 and 5 of IR005
for Clock and Data activity
with in the first 100ms after
AC power is applied
Troubleshoot the
Standby power
supply
No Yes
Yes
System
Reset
Clk and Data
activity?
Replace SSB Continuous Activity
Check connections
between SSB and PSD
(BV001 and BP500)
Few cycles then nothing
Replace SSB No Activity
System
Reset
Monitor pin 18 of
BP500 and press
the power switch
Does pin 18 go
high? (PO)
Suspect connection problem
with BP005 or on the PSD
(Power on line)
Yes
Replace SSB No
INFO
Pg 13
Syst em Reset : Remove AC
power and short out CP555 for 10
seconds then reapply AC power.
See page 11 for details.
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
Monitor
AC Voltage Out
with 120VACIn
ADD
Variable
ISO-Tap
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
15
Syst em Reset : Remove AC
power and short out CP555 for 10
seconds then reapply AC power.
See page 11 for details.
INFO
Pg 38
Safety Shutdown Start
Disconnect BA010 to
disable SAFETY_AP
and press the power
switch.
Does the set start and
run with no audio?
Troubleshoot Audio
Output Circuit
Yes
No
Disconnect BV500 from SSB
and jumper pins 1 and 16 on
BV500 and press the power
switch.
Does the set
start and run?
Troubleshoot PTV
Interlock Circuit.
Yes
No
Remove AC power and check RUN supplies
for excessive loads or shorts. Use the chart
found on page 16 as reference for what
supplies to check.
Resistance
checks ok?
Troubleshoot Circuit
where resistance was not
correct.
No
See Force on RUN
supply.
Yes
Location INFO
System
Reset
Safety Shutdown
INFO
Pg 16
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
16
Device Voltage
DP110-C +142.5V
DP130-C +15.9V
DP135-A -15.7V
DP120-C +20.5V
DP140-C +11.0V
DP150-C +6.2V
IP540-3 +9.0V
IP510-3 +7.9V
TP520-S +5.1V
IP530-2 +3.2V
IP531-2 +1.8V
Safety Shutdown Device Resistance to GND
Sense_3V3 IC001-2 .5K
Sense_2V5 IC006-2 .4K
+3V3 IP530-2 .57K
+5V TP520-S 160 Ohms
+8V IP510-3 1.5K
+9V IP540-3 1.2K
USYS DP110-C 27K
20V DP120-C 3K
10V DP140-C 1.3M
6V DP150-C 1.2M
ITC222 Force ON RUN supply
1. Unsolder collector of TL010 (Horizontal Output)
2. Short base to emitter of TP210
3. Short emitter to collector of TP150
4. Apply AC power
Note: Without horizontal drive (H_DRIVE), regulation is disabled. The +137Vr will vary
from +140V to +160V. This is considered normal operation for the Run Supply when forced
to operate without Horizontal feedback.
5. With the run power supply forced on, check the following voltages per the chart
below. If all voltages are ok, suspect system control or power ON problem. If one or
more voltages are incorrect or all are missing, troubleshoot the missing or incorrect
voltage from the run supply.
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
Figure 10; Resistance Chart
Figure 11; VoltageChart
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
17
Run Supply Troublehsooting
Start
Waveform
correct?
With the Run
Supply forced on,
apply AC power
No
Check pin 7 of
IP170 for PWM
pulse.
Suspect OSC
Circuit IP170 and
TP170
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect PWM Circuit
IP170, TP179, and
CP170
Check for PWM
pulse at Collector
of TP160.
Check pin 3 of
IP170 for
waveform.
No
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect TP160, TP161,
TP210, IP190 Circuit.
No
Check for PWM
pulse at pin 5 of
IP050.
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect LP070 No
Flow Chart 2
Run Power Supply
INFO
Pg 18
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
18
Run Supply Troublehsooting Con-
tinued
Flow Chart 2 Run Power
Supply Start
Waveform
correct?
No
Check pin 1 of
IP050 for PWM
pulse.
Check Vcc to IP050,
Check TP034
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect TP080,
TP081 Circuit
Check for PWM
pulse at emitter of
TP050, 051.
Check for PWM at
pin 7 of IP050.
No
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect TP050, TP051,
and CP056.
No
Check for PWM
pulse at the
gate of TP020.
Yes
Waveform
correct?
Suspect DP053 No
Suspect TP020,
LP050
Yes
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
19
Syst em Reset : Remove AC
power and short out CP555 for 10
seconds then reapply AC power.
See page 11 for details.
Deflection Shutdown
INFO
Pg 23-24
INFO
Pg 22
INFO
Pg 20
Deflection
Shutdown Start
What happens
with High
Voltage?
Disconnect anode lead from HV
splitter. Connect HV probe and
monitor High Voltage. Apply AC
power and Press the power
switch.
Leave TV852 shorted and
monitor pin 1 of IV821.
Press the power switch.
Short B-E of
TV852 and press
the power switch
Does high
voltage come up
and stay?
Does the voltage
go above .18V?
XRP being tripped
Troubleshoot Beam
Protect or EW Protect
See Deflection
Shutdown 2
See force on
Horizontal Drive
No HV
Shutsdown
No
Yes
No
Yes
System
Reset
System
Reset
Suspect HV
Splitter or the
CRT(s).
Stays up
INFO
Pg 25
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
20
17
BV001
1K
BL111
21
1
PSD CBA SSB CBA
ITC222 Force on Horizontal Drive
This procedure will verify if the SSB is generating horizontal drive or not. If drive is present
from the SSB, then see Deflection Shutdown 2 Troubleshooting, if not suspect the SSB as
the problem.
1. Remove ribbon cable BL111 to BV001
2. J umper pins 1 and 21 on BL111 PSD CBA
3. Add 1K resistor to ground (Cold) from pin 17 of BV001
4. Monitor waveform at pin 8 of IV400 or DC voltage. Voltage or waveform will remain
for about 1.5 seconds when power is pushed.
DC reading on pin 8 of IV400:
4Vdc =no drive
2Vdc =drive
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
Monitor
ACVol tage Out
with 120VACIn
ADD
Variable
ISO-Tap
Figure 12; Force On H-Drive
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
21
H_DRIVE when forced on
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
Figure 12a; Force On H-Drive
Figure 12b; Force On H-Drive Waveform
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
22
Deflection Shutdown 2
Deflection 2
Shutdown Start
Does set stay on
Disconnect TL029-D (EW
Buffer). Apply AC power and
Press the power switch.
Monitor pin 1 of IV821.
Press the power switch.
Does the voltage
go above .18V?
XRP being tripped.
See XRP
Troubleshooting
Suspect a problem in the
Beam Info Circuit
EW Protect active
suspect problem in EW
Circuit
Stay on
Shutsdown
No
Yes
System
Reset
INFO
Pg 24
INFO
Pg 23
INFO
Pg 25
Syst em Reset : Remove AC
power and short out CP555 for 10
seconds then reapply AC power.
See page 11 for details.
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
See Bottom of Page
for System Reset
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
23
Beam Info Troubleshooting
Beam Info Start
Disable shutdown by
shorting base to emitter of
TV852.
Suspect TL311, 312 and
precision resistors off of pin 10
of LL008. Also check DL302,
303, and 301
Measure the voltage
at pin 13 of BL111.
Voltage low?
Suspect IV820, DV822
and associated Circuit.
No
Remove anode lead
form HV splitter and
recheck the voltage
on pin 13 of BL111.
Yes
Voltage low?
Suspect HV splitter,
CRT(s), LL008
No
Yes
INFO
Pg 42
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
24
EW Troubleshooting
EW Start
Is the voltage
more, less, or
equal to +48V?
Disconnect Drain of TL029
EW Buffer and press the
power switch.
Yoke
Measure the DC on TL120-C.
The voltage should read about
+48V.
Drive circuit is ok suspect
TL029, RL021, 025, 024,
023, DL028, 029.
Equal to
Suspect CL031, 032,
035, DL032, 030.
More
Less
INFO
Pg 40
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
25
XRP Troubleshooting
XRP Start
Voltage more,
less, or equal to
+26VDC?
Remove anode lead from
HV splitter.
RL043, DL043, and
CL043
Disable XRP by shorting base
to emitter of TV852.
Suspect IV821 and its
associated components.
Equal to Suspect RL045, 303, More
Less
Monitor the DC voltage at the
collector of TL010 and press the
power switch.
Voltage <+150Vdc?
Run regulation
problem
No
Measure the wave
form at TL010-C.
Yes
Waveform
Correct?
Suspect CL031, 038,
039, DL030, 032, and
LL008
No
Measure the DC
voltage on pin 10
of BL111.
Yes
INFO
Pg 42
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
26
Vertical Troubleshooting
Vertical
Troubleshooting
Start
Disconnect anode lead from HV
splitter. Apply AC power and
Press the power switch.
Measure
wavefrom on
IF001 pin 3.
Waveform
correct?
Suspect IF001, RF020,
DF033, RF009.
No
Yes
Measure the +13Vr
and the -13Vr.
Are these voltages
correct?
Yes
Suspect IF001, DL251,
DL221, F251, 221.
No
Measure
waveform on
IF001 pins 1 and 7
Waveforms
correct?
Yes
Check drive circuit
back to IV400
No
Suspect Yoke(s) or
yoke return Circuit.
INFO
Pg 44
Troubleshooting flow charts and procedures
TOOL BOX
Equipment required for this procedure
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
27
SLOW START
SSB BOARD
PSD BOARD
0V
Nominal
IP190B
5
6
7
+
Part of
BP500
Part of
BP005
18 18
IR001
Main
MICRO
Run: +3V
Stby: 0.3V
TP210
POWER ON
TP161
POWER ON
RP210
2200
RP190
18K
RP163
82K
RP196
22K
To
SAFETY
RP193
470
RP162
10K
RP212
10K
RP213
10K
DP211
DP200
RP199
22K
RR198
10K
RP571
47K
RR199
100
RP189
1K
87
RP200
47K
CP199
47uF
+5Vs
+5Vs +5Vs
LP050-22
36VAC
+5Vs
RUN: 0V
STDBY: +4.4V
SHUTDOWN: >+2V
RUN: +4.8V
STDBY: +1.0
SHUTDOWN: 0V
RUN: +0.25V
SHUTDOWN: 0V
RUN: +4.4V
STDBY: +0.4V
RUN:Lo
STDBY:Hi
TR198
PWR ON
+
-
PO
PO1
PO_TR
Run: +3.8V
Stdby: +2.8V
MAIN POWER START UP/SHUTDOWN
POWER ON/OFF
The ITC222 start-up sequence and circuitry varies little from the ATC221. The start-up
circuits are also the same circuitry that shut the chassis down during any Safety Shutdown
event. The PO (Power On) signal starts the run supplies.
The basic start-up active component circuit consists of IR001-87 (the main micro), TR198,
DP211, TP210, and TP161. When in standby mode, IR001-87 is HI turning on TR198
grounding the cathode of DP211. That turns on TP210 which turns on TP161 grounding
the main power supply PWM waveform and holding the main run supplies off. (See other
training material for the complete operation of the run supply.)
When a remote control IR or Front Panel Key press initiates the Power On sequence,
TR198 turns OFF allowing the PO/PO1 line to go high. That would normally instantly turn
the PO Switch TP210 OFF allowing the main PWM supply to operation. However as soon
as TP198 turns OFF, CP199 begins charging through a divider consisting of RP189, RP199,
RP571, and the +5Vs supply. When the cathode of DP211 reaches about +4.2V it turns
OFF. With DP211 OFF, TP210-B is biased OFF by the divider network of RP213, RP210
and the +5Vs supply which places about +4.8V on TP210-B. When TP210 turns OFF the
run supplies start. The cathode of DP211 eventually reaches about +4.4V and it continues
to decuple the main start-up/shutdown switch TR198, allowing safety protection from
IP190B. The time delay to start the main supplies is 2-5 seconds depending upon
component tolerances.
To shut the run supplies off, IR001-87 again initiates the command this time by going HI.
That turns ON TR198 which turns ON DP211. That turns on TP210 shutting down the
main run supplies. CP199 maintains a residual charge for a period of time, discharging
through a divider consisting of RP189, DP200, RR199, and TR198. If a false start occurs
Startup and Shutdown Informataion
Figure 13; Power On / Off
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
28
SLOW START
SSB BOARD
PSD BOARD
0V
Nominal
IP190B
5
6
7
+
Part of
BP500
Part of
BP005
18 18
IR001
Main
MICRO
Run: +3V
Stby: 0.3V
TP210
POWER ON
TP161
POWER ON
RP210
2200
RP190
18K
RP163
82K
RP196
22K
To
SAFETY
RP193
470
RP162
10K
RP212
10K
RP213
10K
DP211
DP200
RP199
22K
RR198
10K
RP571
47K
RR199
100
RP189
1K
87
RP200
47K
CP199
47uF
+5Vs
+5Vs +5Vs
LP050-22
36VAC
+5Vs
RUN: 0V
SHUTDOWN: >+2V
RUN: +4.8V
SHUTDOWN: 0V
RUN: +0.25V
SHUTDOWN: 0V
RUN: +4.4V
STDBY: +0.4V
RUN:Lo
STDBY:Hi
TR198
PWR ON
+
-
PO
PO1
PO_TR
Run: +3.8V
Stdby: +2.8V
MAIN POWER START UP/SHUTDOWN
and CP199 has greater than +0.8V, the Run supplies will continue shutting down.
The voltage on CP199 is the same on IP190B-6, the inverting input of the IC. When the
run supplies shut down, the non-inverting input IP190B-5 immediately goes to +0.8V by a
network consisting of RP190, RP192, DP193, and RP196. As long as the inverting pin is
greater than the non-inverting pin, the output of IP190B-7 will remain low. Only when
CP199 is less than approximately +0.8V can TR198 take control of a new start-up
sequence.
During any safety related event, the SAFETY line connected to IP190B-5, the non-inverting
input will be drawn low. When it slips under the normal run voltage on IP190B-6 (~ +3V)
the output goes toward the negative supply, in this case ground. With TP210-B now low,
it turns on turning on TP161 and shutting down the main PWM supply.
The PO signal itself can be a good indication of whether start-up problems are caused by
a direct shutdown from the micro or safety shutdown. The PO signal from the micro will
follow typical logic switching characteristics, either being high (+5V) or low (0V). Note the
safety shutdown circuitry does not control this line directly! The quiescent voltages in the
circuit will cause IP190B-6 to reach a nominal run voltage of around +3V. During standby
the output of IP190B on pin 7 will normally be around +1V. But during a shutdown event
triggered by IP190 the IC is slammed towards the negative rail (in this case ground)
providing good indication the chassis is in shutdown from the protection circuits rather
than in standby.
Figure 13a; Power On / Off
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
29
SAFETY_AP
SSB Board
OVER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
0V
Nominal
IP190A
3
2
1
IP190B
5
6
7
TP210
POWER ON
TP161
POWER ON
RP163
82K
RP162
10K
RP212
10K
+5Vs
RUN: +4.8V
SHUTDOWN:0V
RUN: +0.25V
SHUTDOWN: 0V
LP050-22
36VAC
20
20
Part of
BP500
Part of
BP005
RA253
100K
L Spk
Out
R Spk
Out +UA
-UA
RA252
100K
RA263
8.2K
RA250
100K
RA251
100K
+5Vr
RP190
10K
RP193
470
RP201
3300
RP192
100
DP193
RP194
1K
From
Slow
Start
DP197
RP195
1200
RP197
22K
RP198
10K
TP197
+15Vr
-15Vr
RP203
2.43K
RP204
4.75K
RP196
22K
RP213
2200
RP202
10K
DA250
TA253
TA252
TA251 TA250
RA260
100
RA257
390K
RA256
470
RA255
47K
RA254
47K
RA259
10K
RA258
100K
RA262
100
RA261
100
+5Vs
+
-
+6Vr +5Vs
RUN: 0V
Stdby: +4.4V
SHUTDOWN: >+2V
RUN: +4.8V
SHUTDOWN: 0V
+4.8V
Nominal
+7.0V
Nominal
+3.8V
Nominal
+3.0V
Nominal
0V
Nominal
+4V
Nominal
+
-
Run: +5V
Safety: 0V
Run: 0V
Safety: +5V
Run: +5V
Safety: 0
Audio PS & Overvoltage Protection
(All components on PSD Board
except as noted)
AUDIO PROTECTION
New to the ITC222 is a monitor circuit on the audio power output device, IA002. That
makes two independent circuits monitoring either the audio power supply or the audio
outputs.
AUDIO POWER SUPPLY SHUTDOWN
The audio power supplies are monitored directly by TP197. When the chassis is running,
the nominal voltage is +17V on the ends of a resistor divider network consisting of RP197/
98. With both voltages at nominal values, TP197-B is about -0.6V and the transistor is
OFF.
The positive supply is monitored by voltage divider RP194/95 placing about +7.0V at the
cathode of DP193. The Safety Line connected to IP190B-5 normally runs at a nominal
+3.8V so DP193 is reversed bias. If the positive supply is reduced or fails, DP193 becomes
forward biased by the +5Vs supply. That causes the non-inverting input of IP190B-5 to
go lower than the inverting input (pin 6, approximately +3.0V) and the output on pin 7 will
go low. When that line is pulled low, the safety circuit trips (previously described) and
shuts down the main power supply. This is the same protection mechanism in the event
both audio rails begin to dip. Even though the bias on TP197-B may remain at -0.6V, at
some point the positive rail will dip far enough to trip DP193 and a shutdown will occur.
If the negative supply is drawn down or disappears, TP197-B is forward biased by the
remaining positive audio supply turning it on. When TP197 turns on, DP193 is forward
biased causing the same results as loss of the positive supply.
Figure 14; Audio Protection
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
30
RA253
100K
L Spk
Out
R Spk
Out +UA
-UA
RA252
100K
RA263
8.2K
RA250
100K
RA251
100K
+5Vr
DA250
TA253
TA252
TA251 TA250
RA260
100
RA257
390K
RA256
470
RA255
47K
RA254
47K
RA259
10K
RA258
100K
RA262
100
RA261
100
0V
Nominal
Run: +5V
Safety: 0V
Run: 0V
Safety: +5V
Run: +5V
Safety: 0
SSB Board
SAFETY_AP
Figure 15; Safety_AP
AUDIO OUTPUT SAFETY SHUTDOWN (SAFETY_AP)
The audio output safety shutdown consists of four discrete transistors that monitor the
voltage on the audio IC output lines, IA002-2 and IA002-4. The transistor network, when
tripped, signals a safety shutdown via the SAFETY line previously described.
TA253 is the main output shutdown device and is normally OFF. When OFF, the +5Vr
supply is present on the cathode of DA250. The nominal voltage on the anode is about
+3.7V, it is turned OFF and the audio safety circuit is in monitor mode. When TA253 is
turned ON, the collector goes to ground turning DA250 ON and pulling the non-inverting
input of IP190B low. IP190B-7 now follows the inverting pin by going low, causing TP210
to turn on and the main supply shuts down as previously described.
Monitoring the audio IC output is a voltage divider between IA002-2 and IA002-4 and is
set up consisting of RA250/RP263 for the left output, IA002-2, and RA251/RP263 for the
right output IA002-4. If either output shorts during high current demand, the output could
either go towards the positive supply rail (+UA) or the negative supply rail (-UA). If the
line goes positive, TA250 will turn on turning on TA252. When TA252 turns on, TA253
also turns on and the safety circuit is enabled. If the line goes negative, TA251 turns on
turning on TA252 and TA253 enabling the safety circuit.
There is also additional protection against loss of either Audio Power Supply or conditions
that may put the negative or positive supply rails out of regulation. The two rails are
connected via voltage divider RP253/RP263 with the common point connected to TA250-B
and TA251-E. If the negative rail disappears or dips too far, TA251 will turn on and activate
the Safety circuit. If the positive rail disappears or dips too far, TA250 turns on and
activates the Safety Circuit.
All audio safety modes are self healing. Once the condition is corrected, the safety circuit
will reset itself allowing normal chassis operation.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
31
RUN: +4.8V
SHUTDOWN:0V
RP201
3300
To TP210
RP203
2.43K
RP204
4.75K
RP202
10K
+6Vr +5Vs
+4V
Nominal
+
-
IP190A
3
2
1
OVER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
Figure 16; Over Voltage Protection
The final part of the start up protection circuit is the other half of Op-Amp IP190, IP190A.
The inverting pin, IP190A-2, is tied to a reference voltage consisting of resistor divider
network (RP203/204) between the +6Vr supply and ground. That places about +4.0V on
IP190A-2. The non-inverting pin, IP190A-3, has the +5Vs supply on it. If the +6Vr supply
increases, the voltage on IP190A-2 also increases. When it increases to about +7.8V the
Op-Amp inverting pin rises above the non-inverting pin and pulls the output, IP190A-1, to
ground. 0V on the output will trigger the shutdown circuit via TP210 as previously described.
Again, an indication the set is in shutdown rather than normal standby is the output voltage
on IP190. During run operation, it is around +4.8V. In standby, it will stay around +1.0V.
During shutdown, the opamp will pull the output very close to ground.
OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
To monitor the standby supplies and protect against overvoltage conditions, 1/2 of IP190
is used to compare voltages between the +6Vr supply and the +5Vs supply. The non-
inverting input, IP190A-3, is connected to the +5Vs supply and normally runs at about
+4.8V. The inverting input, IP190A-2, is connected to the junction of a precision voltage
divider network (RP203/204) that is directly across the +6Vr supply. IP190A-2 rests at a
nominal +4V when the supply is properly regulated. If that supply increases, IP190A-2
also increases. If it rises above IP190A-3, the output, (IP190A-1) will be pulled LOW.
That turns on TP210, turning on TP161, causing shutdown of the main PWM run supplies.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
32
SSB Board PSD Board
IP190B
5
6
7 +
-
+3.7V
+8.6V
+14.7V
+5.6V
+3V
RUN: +4.8V
Shutdown: 0V
+3.5V
IP540
+9V
IP510
+8V
TP530
1.8V SW
IP530
+3.3V
DT601
RP543
100
RP531
100
20 20
SENSE_3V3A
RP530
3300
RP526
470
RP193
470
SAFETY
DK206
From
Safety_AP
RP521
4700
RP540
4700
Part of
Safety_PTV
Interlock Circuit
RP544
4700
+20Vr
+5Vs
+5Vs
DP530
TP210
Pwr On
RP210
2200
RP190
18K
RP196
22K
DP211
RP212
10K
RP213
10K
RP213
10K
RP162
10K
RP199
22K
+5Vs
RP200
47K
RP189
1K
RP538
10K
DP510
IT630
+3.3V DVI
IC001
+3.3V Cr
IK205
3.3V CSPI
DC001
TP520
+5V
Part of
BP500
Part of
BP005
To Pwr On
Switch TP161
ON (RUN): Low
Shutdown: >+2V
DP540
PS Supply Monitoring
Figure 17; Power Supply Loss
All run supply voltages are monitored either directly or indirectly so that in the event one
supply short circuits, all other supplies will be shut down to prevent other catastrophic
damage from cascading failures. The circuit can only protect against further catastrophic
damage in the event of a power supply short circuit. Overvoltage conditions are monitored
by other circuitry.
The supply monitor line consists of a simple voltage divider network: RP540, RP544,
RP521, RP530, and RP531 on the SSB board. Those components are connected directly
across the +20Vr supply (through the interconnect circuit) and common. Diodes DP540,
DP510, DP521, DP510, DP530, DT601, DC001, and DK206 isolate the supplies from
New to the ITC222 is the addition of a CRT board interconnect that will shutdown the
chassis in the event any single CRT board is disconnected. While the protection circuit
itself is relatively simple, tracing voltages across two main circuit boards, through the
CRT boards and back again is somewhat tedious. Note the +20Vr supply is interconnected
via the three CRT boards. That interconnect will be described in greater detail later.
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE LOSSSAFETY PTV CRT
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
33
Figure 18; Power Supply Resistance ChartFigure 17; Power Supply Loss
each other. There is also an input from the Audio Safety circuit (Safety_AP). That circuit
is isolated by a diode and is out of the circuit (showing a high impedance) unless a protection
condition turns the device on. At that point it becomes a low impedance to ground.
The main run supply switch non-inverting input, IP190B-5, monitors the voltage divider
via RP193 and RP526. Note the voltage divider low side voltage will be provided by the
various +3.3V supplies. If all supplies are working the nominal voltage at the junction of
R526/530/531 and on non-inverting pin 5 of IP190B will be +3.7V. The inverting pin 6 is
around +3V so the output of IP190B-7 is high allowing run supply operation.
Under normal run conditions, all the diodes except DP530, DT601, DC001, and DK206
are reversed biased by the lower voltages present on the protection line. This allows the
voltage divider to supply a nominal signal to IP190B-5 that does not disturb the normal
run voltage provided by other bias circuits.
However, if any supply shorts or otherwise stops providing output, the junction of RP530/
531 goes low, pulling the non-inverting input IP190B-5 low. IP190B output on pin 7 will
now track the inverting input and go low, triggering the shutdown circuit.
The +3.3V supply on the SSB board would give similar action as would a short in any of
the supplies on the SSB board. RP540 is a current limiter to make certain there is always
a current path from any short circuit on the power supply sides of the protection diodes.
If shutdown occurs the voltage at IP190B-5 may be monitored giving some indication of
the condition of the supply monitoring circuits. If any supply voltage on the SSB board
shorts, pin 5 will measure different voltages depending on which supply is shorted. The
voltage chart in the table below will assist the technician in determining the problem supply.
Once it is determined one of the supplies in the string is defective, the diodes may be
lifted one by one to determine which supply is shutting the chassis down. It should also
be noted overvoltage conditions cannot be detected by this system. Overvoltage simply
continues to reverse bias the blocking diodes in the system and must be detected by
other means. Overvoltage shutdowns will not occur as a result of this monitoring circuit.
Safety Shutdown Device Resistance to GND
Sense_3V3 IC001-2 .5K
Sense_2V5 IC006-2 .4K
+3V3 IP530-2 .57K
+5V TP520-S 160 Ohms
+8V IP510-3 1.5K
+9V IP540-3 1.2K
USYS DP110-C 27K
20V DP120-C 3K
10V DP140-C 1.3M
6V DP150-C 1.2M
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
34
Figure 19; PTV Interlock
SAFETY_PTV INTERLOCK
As previously mentioned, there is an interconnect safety circuit that prevents beam current
in all three CRTs if any of the kine boards are disconnected. If any part of the interconnect
is broken, there will be no +20Vr available to the Power Supply Monitor circuit. As the
voltage is lost, the monitor circuit stops the run supplies and the chassis shuts down or
refuses to start.
The interconnect circuit may be monitored at any of the connectors noted on the diagram
below. The voltage begins to drop significantly once it enters the SSB board at BV500-1.
At that point it should measure a little less than +20V. On the other side of the SSB, it will
have dropped to around +3.8V.
Green CRT Board
SSB Board
Blue CRT Board
Red CRT Board PSD Board
BB104 BB204
BB203
BL111
BV500
RP540
4700
PROT1
PROT3
PROT1 PROT1
PROT3
PROT2
PROT2
PROT1
PROT3
SAFETY_PTV_CRT
RP544
4700
RP530
3300
RP521
4700
RP526
470
RP193
470
RP196
22K
25 25
21
5 5
21
1 1
21
21
+20Vr
20 20
BB201
16
1
16
1
JB310
5
20
5
20
20
5
20
5
JB110
BV001
BP500 BP005
CNT2
CNT1
BB303
SAFETY
PTV INTERLOCK
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
35
Figure 20; Safety_PTV_CRT
PSD Board Green CRT Board SSB Board
+239Vr
Supply
+240Vr
Source
+0.7V
Part of
BL200
9 9
Part of
BV11
6 6
Part of
BV500
Part of
BB202
TB291
RB291
4.7
RB299
4.7
RB292
1000
DB293
RB296
18K
RB297
10
JB223
JV490
0
99
RV490
22K
RB293
330K
RB294
1000
RB295
8200
HEATER
HIGH
TB293 TB292
RUN: +3.7V
Shutdown: 0V
RUN: +9.6V
Shutdown: 0V
IR001
SAFETY_PTV_CRT
SAFETY_PTV_CRT (REAR PROJECTION ONLY)
To protect against CRT damage when voltages (or lack of voltages) are present that could
contribute to such damage, rear projection instruments use a specific safety circuit that
triggers a shut off event under conditions that could lead to damage. The circuit has been
changed considerably from the ATC221. The safety circuit is now monitored by the main
micro IR001 pin 99. Pin 99 may be an output or input depending upon whether the
instrument is a DV or PTV. For PTV it is normally high. A safety shutdown must pull it low.
That can only happen when TB292 is turned on by the safety circuits. If it does usually
Error Code 61 will be logged in the service menu.
Under normal circuit operation the main safety switch, TB292, is biased off by TV293.
TB293 is turned on from a rectifier circuit creating a bias voltage from the CRT Heater
power supply. TB291 is also biased on by the UVid source. TB291-C runs at around
+9.6V.
Note: There are now two conditions which can trigger the safety circuit. The heater
voltage is being monitored by TB293 and beam current is monitored by TB291. TB292 is
configured as an OR switch such that problems in either area will trigger it ON causing
shutdown of the chassis.
The heater supply voltage is tapped and rectified by DB293 through RB296. The resulting
bias voltage keeps TB293 turned ON. If the heater voltage disappears, TB293 will turn
OFF and the bias voltage developed from TB291 will turn on TB292, causing IT001-99 to
be pulled low, triggering a safety shutdown of the chassis.
Under normal operation, the +240Vr supply feeds current to the CRT drivers. If excessive
beam current is drawn, current through RB291/299 also increases dropping the +239Vr
supply faster than the +240Vr side. As current increases, TB291 is turned on harder
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
36
Figure 20a; Safety_PTV_CRT
resulting in higher and higher voltage on its collector. This current passes through
RB293/294 and TB293. As current increases in this network, the voltage drop across the
E-C junction of TB293 also increases. Once the voltage across TB293 increases greater
than +0.6V, TB292 turns on and activates the shutdown circuit.
It is important to note that the Heater protection circuit does not function for overvoltage
conditions. If the heater voltage is too high, it will simply turn TB293 on harder keeping
TB292 OFF.
Also, if the Uvid source disappears due to malfunction, there will be no supply voltage to
turn TB292 ON so that condition must be monitored by other means.
PSD Board Green CRT Board SSB Board
+239Vr
Supply
+240Vr
Source
+0.7V
Part of
BL200
9 9
Part of
BV11
6 6
Part of
BV500
Part of
BB202
TB291
RB291
4.7
RB299
4.7
RB292
1000
DB293
RB296
18K
RB297
10
JB223
JV490
0
99
RV490
22K
RB293
330K
RB294
1000
RB295
8200
HEATER
HIGH
TB293 TB292
RUN: +3.7V
Shutdown: 0V
RUN: +9.6V
Shutdown: 0V
IR001
SAFETY_PTV_CRT
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
37
Figure 21; Deflection Shutdown
DEFLECTION SHUTDOWN OVERVIEW
There are 6 circuit monitors on the deflection side of the chassis. They are:
BEAM PROT (Beam Current Under-voltage)
XRP (excessive HV or beam current)
EW PROT (excessive power dissipation in the EW circuitry or loss of deflection)
BEAM (EHT) INFO (HV too Low)
SAFETY_ENABLE (turns the safety feature off during certain conditions to prevent
false triggers)
V_GUARD (monitors Vertical Deflection)
For the ITC222, all deflection safety circuits are monitored by the deflection processor,
IV400 via the EHT_INFO input on pin 4. Generally the circuits are engineered such that
any voltage greater than +3.9V ( +0.2) will cause shutdown of the chassis.
Vertical deflection (Vertical Guard) is monitored by Pin 9. Any of the inputs will trigger a
shutdown of the entire chassis.
Pin 5, FLASH, which monitored the deflection safety circuits in the ATC221 is not used
in the ITC222.
New to the ITC222 is the use of true differential voltage comparators rather than the Op-
Amps used in the ATC221. This provides an open-collector configuration on the output
pins offering the operation of a true switch on the output rather than a voltage rail as in the
previous design. The most noticeable advantage of the IC is the open collector outputs
may be connected directly together to achieve true OR logic operation.
IV820B
6
5
7
IV820A
2
3
1
IV821B
6
5
7
IV821A
2
-
+
-
+
3
1
10
13
15
17
-
+
-
+
IV400
VIDEO
PROC
IR001
System
Control
Part of
BV001
EHTINFO (XRP)
BEAM INFO
EW_PROT
DV867
DV822
TV852
TV856
78
106
SAFETY_INT
SAFETY_ENABLE
+8Vr
+5Vs
+5Vs
RV845
127K
RV835
1000
RV865
330K
RV836
53.6K
RV826
18.2K
RV846
475K
+8Vr
RV844
475K
RV824
18.2K
RV834
18.2K
FROM IV400
PIN 25 DAC OUT
RUN: LO
SHUTDOWN: HI
RUN: LO
SHUTDOWN: HI
RUN: LO
SHUTDOWN: >+3.7V
RUN: HI
SHUTDOWN: LO
RV841
10K
RV855
2.2K
RV867
100
DV853
+4.7V
Nominal
+2.9V
Nominal
+1.25V
Nomi nal
+2.5V
Nominal
RV862
17K
+1V
Nomi nal
+3.8V
Nominal
+3.4V
Nominal
ITC222 Deflection Shutdown
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
38
EXCESSIVE HIGH VOLTAGE
IV821 provides both Under-voltage and overvoltage protection for the High Voltage circuits.
IV821A monitors the XRP voltage generated by pin 1 of LL008. Pin 10 of the IHVT, the bottom
side of the HV winding provides regulation of the signal generated by the horizontal output. All
beam current must pass through pin 10. Under normal operation, there is about +5Vdc at this
point creating about +26V of DC bias for XRP via DL043, RL044, RL045, and DL301. The +26V
is divided by a resistor network consisting of RV845, RV841, and RV862 providing about +3V
on IV821A3, the non-inverting input. XRP is tripped if the DC bias voltage is either >+30V or
<+22V.
To monitor the voltage, a reference voltage is set up by the junction of a divider network
consisting of RV846/844 between the +8Vr supply and ground. That voltage is set more
precisely by a trimmer voltage output from IV400-25. It results in a reference of about
+3.4V on the non-inverting pin IV821B-6 and inverting pin IV821A-2.
The voltages present on the input pins during run operation result in an output from
IV821A-1 near ground. Since the normal output range of EHT_IN is from 0V to about
+3.0V, DV867 de-couples it from EHTIN. This allows EHT_IN to monitor operation of the
CRT, high voltage and beam current for normal variances. EHT_IN provides beam current
compensation or Breathing. With the non-inverting input of IV821B higher than the
inverting input, IV821B-7 output is high. When IV821B-7 is high, TV852 is held OFF.
With no current in the network consisting of TV852/856, DV853 is also OFF and normal
circuit operation of the EHT_IN circuitry is allowed.
If excessive beam current is drawn, the output of the IHVT at pin 10 also increases. As
that voltage increases, the DC bias voltage generated from it also increases raising the
voltage at IV821B-6 and IV821A-3. In this case IV821A-7 is already high, increasing the
SSB Board PSD Board
3
2
1
IV821A
10
6
5
7
4
25
10
17 17
10
IV821B
RV845
127K
RV865
330K
RV872
1K
RV846
475K
RV841
10K
RV862
17.8K
RV852
2200
From
Safety_Enable
Run: 0V
Enabl e: Hi gh
RL045
511K
RL306
24K
BREATHING
~1.9V
RL305
330K
RL300
220K
XRP
DV853
RV867
100
RV870
82.5K
TV852
TV856
EHTIN
DAC OUT
+8Vr
+8Vr
DV867
-
+
+
-
IV400
VIDEO
PROC
RV844
475K
+8Vr
DL301
27V
DL302
DL303
RUN: < +3V
XRP: > +3.9V
Part of
BV001
Part of
BL111
LL008
IHVT
+3.4V
+3.0V
+4.7V
XRP Shutdown
CL131
CL130
CL039
CL038
1
RL043
47
DL043
RL044
Figure 22; XRP Shutdown
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
39
voltage will not make a difference in the output. However, when the non-inverting input
(IV821A-3) increases to greater than the inverting input (IV821-2), the output IV821A-1
goes high. In this case, when it increases to higher than the reference voltage, +3.4V on
IV821A-2, the output on pin 1 goes high. EHT_IN trips when pin 1 goes above +3.9V,
shutting the set down.
If HV decreases too much, the non-inverting pin (IV821B-5) will drop below the reference
voltage on the inverting input (IV821B-6) and IV821B-7 will be pulled low turning ON
TV852. When TV852 turns on, TV852-C goes high forward biasing DV853 triggering the
EHT_IN input, IV400-4, to shutdown deflection.
Note that although both conditions result in chassis shutdown, there are very distinct
differences in how they perform their shutdown routines. Those differences can lead to
better diagnosis.
ABL & XRP
The EHT_IN input at IV400-4 also performs two additional functions. First it is the
compensation for beam current variations, also known as breathing or ABL (Automatic
Beam Limiting). ABL operation generally provides voltages at pin 4 between +0.1 and
+3.0V. That variation is translated into horizontal output control which can adjust high
voltage to compensate for differing beam current conditions. In most cases as beam
current increases, HV would tend to dip. The EHT_IN input senses that increase in beam
current and raises HV proportionately to keep horizontal width (along with all other IHVT
derived voltage supplies) constant. If beam current decreases, HV would tend to rise so
EHT_IN would lower HV accordingly.
The secondary function of the EHT_IN input is to monitor the status of XRP related
operation and shut down high voltage in the event of improper operation. If the input
voltage rises above +3.9V, it would indicate excessive beam current and shutdown of
horizontal deflection results. A shutdown initiated by IV400-4 will stop deflection and
place it in Standby mode. A restart i s possi bl e onl y vi a mi croprocessor command
typi cal l y i ni ti ated by a manual restart of the i nstrument.
SAFETY ENABLE
The safety enable circuit acts as a safety defeat during the period of start-up when supply
voltages may be unstable and false shutdowns could occur. At start-up Pin 106 of the
main microprocessor (IR001) goes to high impedance and TV856 is turned on as CV854
charges through RR180. Once the voltage on TV856-B goes above +0.6V it turns ON
grounding EHT_IN (IV400-4). When EHT_IN is low, normal run operation is allowed and
the main safety switch, TV852 is effectively removed from the circuit preventing false
safety shutdowns from any of the comparators.
Once CV854 charges, current flow stops and TV856 shuts off allowing normal safety
operation. CV854 also prevents false shutdown by the microprocessor. If pin 106 goes
to low impedance, the only discharge path would be the B-E junction of TV856 which is
reversed bias by the voltage on CV854 preventing it from turning on. Eventually CV854
will discharge to the low impedance pin 106 but it provides enough reserve to prevent
false triggering of the Safety Enable line.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
40
SSC_VERTICAL_GUARD
The SSC_Vertical_Guard signal from IV400-9 is normally LOW. When a condition exists
that could cause harmful beam current due to loss of scan, the signal goes HIGH. Although
the circuitry looks complex, it amounts to a simple switch. When IV400-9 goes HIGH,
TV550 turns ON turning ON TV556. TV556 turns on TV503/13/23, effectively opening
the RGB output circuits TV500/10/20. With no drive, the CRT amplifiers shut off beam
current.
Note several of the transistors used in this switching circuit are contained in a dual package
configuration. Pinouts for those devices are noted.
VERTICAL GUARD
Beam current without vertical deflection may result in almost instantaneous burns of the
phosphor coating of a CRT. To stop beam current in the event of vertical scan failure or if
deflection problems exist which could result in loss of vertical scan, the ITC222 now
monitors the vertical flyback pulse from the vertical output IC and its power supply. The
circuit is straightforward and depends on the vertical flyback pulse generated by pin 6 of
the vertical output IC. A sample of that pulse is supplied to the convergence microprocessor
(IK201) to provide sync and for the monitor circuit. If the pulse disappears, IK201 assumes
problems with vertical deflection and signals the deflection processor IV400 of the event.
IV400 immediately shuts down beam current by turning off the RGB drivers via the
SSC_Vertical_Guard line.
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
41
SSB BOARD
IV400
Video Processor
9
40
41
42
RV550
2.2K
RV551
1K
RV552
6.8K
RV553
1000
RV555
1000
RV554
1000
RV503
1M
RV504
220
RV514
220
RV524
220
RV521
560
RV511
560
RV502
10
RV512
10
RV522
10
RV501
560
RV513
1M
RV523
1M
RV556
1000
Part of
TV553
Part of
TV553 +8Vr +8Vr
+8Vr
+8Vr
+8Vr
SSC
V GUARD
RUN: 0.2V
Shutdown: >+1.0V
BV500
Part of
TV550
TV500
TV510
TV520
Part of
TV556
Part of
TV556
R OUT
R OUT
G OUT
G OUT
4
8
14
B OUT
B OUT
2
2
2
1
1
1
6
6
6
5
5
3
3
4
4
SSC Vertical Guard ITC222
SSB Board PSD Board
IF001
VERTICAL
OUTPUT
28
3 3
6
RV951
1K
RK234
100
RF041
22K
Run: 0V
Enable: High
+13Vr
SSC
V GUARD
RUN: 0.6V
RF040
1000
SYNCV
IK201
Convergence
Micro
DF031
Part of
BV001
Part of
BL111
Vertical Guard
Figure 23; Vertical Guard
Figure 23a; Vertical Guard
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
42
EAST-WEST PROTECT
Excessive power dissipation in the EW correction circuits can signal dangerous deflection
operation or failure of high current components in the EW circuit itself. A signal, EW_PROT,
is generated from the voltage on and around the drain of the EW output FET (TL029) and
the EW current sensed at the source of TL029. The sensing components are carefully
chosen to provide a consistent signal at the junction of CL023, RL023, and RL024 in the
EW circuitry for all valid operating conditions of the EW correction circuitry. That voltage
is monitored by the inverting input (IV820B-6) and is typically +1.0V. A reference voltage
of +1.25V is placed on the non-inverting input (IV820B-5) which results in an open output
condition on IV820B-7, allowing normal operation of the remainder of the deflection safety
comparators and deflection.
If either current or voltage increases at the sense points of TL029 the voltage at IV820B-6
increases. If pin 6 becomes greater than Pin 5 the output of IV820B-7 goes LOW turning
on TV852. That places a HIGH on TV852-C and IV200-4 initiating a shutdown of horizontal
deflection.
SSB Board
PSD Board
+
5
6
7
4
106
78 SAFETY_INT
15
15
IV820B
RV835
1000
RV836
53.6K
RV855
2.2K
RV857
2.2K
RV852
2.2K
RR180
4.7K
TV856
TV852
CV854
100uF
+5Vs
RV854
1000
RV856
10K
RV867
100
RL022
1000
DV853
SAFETY ENABLE
+8Vr
EW_PROT
EHTIN
IV400
VIDEO
PROC
IR001
System
Control
RV834
18.2K
+5Vs H SHUTDOWN
RUN: Low
Shutdown: High
Part of
BV001
Part of
BL111
From TL029
EW Buffer
-
+
RUN: 0V
SHUTDOWN: >+6V
+1.0V
+1.25V
EW Protect
SAFETY_ENABLE
+1.1V
RUN: +8V
SHUTDOWN: <+1V
Figure 24; EW Protect / Safety_Enable
ITC222 Safety Shutdown
43
SUMMARY
This manual has attempted to cover all safety related shutdown circuitry that could cause
shutdown of the ITC222 chassis or prevent it from starting up. Always remember the
circuits themselves are only monitoring circuits such as those in the deflection and power
supply sections for dangerous operation or catastrophic failure. Understanding the monitor
circuits and following the safety shutdown indications should lead to the actual circuit
failure. Troubleshooting of the failure is still required.
The take away from this manual should be that all normal protection related shutdowns of
the ITC222 chassis are governed by six devices; TP210, IP190, IV400, IV820, IV821, and
the main micro (via TP198), plus circuitry associated with the six devices. In most cases,
these devices are monitoring the shutdown circuitry indirectly by monitoring other devices
or voltages that are directly monitoring the circuits.
IP190 monitors the safety shutdown circuitry that is in turn monitoring the power supplies.
When it detects dangerous operation or catastrophic failure, it uses TP210 to shut down
the main PWM waveform causing the chassis to shutdown.
IP820 and IP821 monitor deflection circuitry and the high voltage generation circuits
shutting down deflection when detecting improper operation. It does so by shutting down
the horizontal output waveform.
All active and passive components listed are accessible from the top of the circuit boards
except TV04 on the bottom of the PTV Adapter board. Although the connectors are also
accessible from the top, it may be more convenient for the technician to make voltage
readings from the bottom.
The test points needed to troubleshoot power supply shutdowns are noted on the following
graphics. The graphic may be used as a roadmap to locate the proper devices. Although
connectors BR008/009 are not used for troubleshooting they are shown to better guide the
technician to IV820/821.
Appendix
SSB Component and Test Point Locations
The above picture is showing the position of IV820 and IV821 for quick reference.
P
J
7
0
0
B
P
8
0
1
B
P
8
0
2
P
S
D
V
D
P
S
B


S
S
B


L
S
C


F
C
B

I
R

K
D
B

K
B
D
V
D
D
V
D
M
I
D


I
T
C
2
2
2
C
R
T


C
A
B


P
S
D
F

C
R
T


C
R
T


1
1
0
V
/
6
0
H
z
P T 2 2 0
P
T
2
2
0
P
T
2
2
0
P
J
1
1
6
P
J
0
2
7
P T 2 0 0
P
T
2
0
0
P
T
2
0
0
P
J
2
0
P
J
1
1
7
P
J
0
1
5
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
J
0
2
9
P
T
2
1
0
P
T
2
1
0
P T 2 1 0
P
T
6
4
0
P
T
6
4
0
P
T
6
4
0
P
J
1
1
8
P
J
0
3
4
P J 0 4 0
P
G
0
3
7
P
J
1
0
6
P
J
1
2
6
P J 3 6 2
P
J
3
6
4
P
J
1
2
9
P
J
2
0
P
J
1
0
5
P
J
1
0
0
P
J
3
7
3
P
J
0
1
5
P
T
6
3
0
P
T
6
3
0
P
J
0
3
0
P
J
0
9
0
P
J
0
9
1
P
J
0
9
2
P
J
3
7
2
P
J
4
9
0
P
J
0
8
7
P
J
0
8
5
P
J
1
5
1
P
J
1
5
2
P
J
6
0
0
P
J
0
3
5
P
J
1
3
0
P
J
0
4
5
P
J
0
5
0
P
J
0
1
0
P J 7 8 0
P J 7 6 0
P
J
7
5
0
P
J
7
7
0
M
A
I
N
P
L
U
G
L
I
G
H
T
L
E
D
T
O
P
t
o
B
E
1
0
5
B
K
1
0
3
B
K
1
0
4
B
K
2
0
4
B
K
2
0
3
B
E
2
0
5
S
K
2
0
1
S
K
2
0
2
S
K
2
0
3
B P 1 0 0
B
A
2
0
4
B
B
2
0
3
B
A
1
0
3
D
V
D
F
E
BJ
T
A
G
S
E
R
I
E
L
L
C
O
N
V
E
R
G
E
N
C
E
C
R
T
P
A
N
E
L
F
R
O
N
T
8

S
e
n
s
o
r

A
u
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
.
.
.
.
.
P
J
0
8
8
.
.
.
.
B
K
2
0
3
E
H
T
S
P
L
I
T
T
E
R
F
O
C
U
S

B
L
O
C
K
B
G
R
E
H
T
G
2
F
O
C
E
H
T
F
O
C

I
N
P
F
O
C
D
Y
N G
N
D
R
G
B
B
G
3
0
3
B
L
U
E
B
B
3
1
0
B
B
3
5
1
B
B
3
0
3
B
B
2
0
4
B
B
2
0
1
B
B
2
0
3
B
B
2
0
2
B
G
2
0
3
B
B
2
1
0
B
B
2
5
1
G
R
E
E
N
R
E
D
B
G
1
0
3
B
B
1
1
0
B
B
1
5
1
B
B
1
0
3
G
N
D
G
N
D
G
N
D
C
A
R
R
I
E
R
C
A
R
R
I
E
R
C
A
R
R
I
E
R
S
V
M
S
V
M
S
V
M
H
-
C
O
N
V
.
H
-
C
O
N
V
.
H
-
C
O
N
V
.
V
-
C
O
N
V
.
V
-
C
O
N
V
.
V
-
C
O
N
V
.
V
-
D
E
F
L
.
V
-
D
E
F
L
.
V
-
D
E
F
L
.
H
-
D
E
F
L
.
H
-
D
E
F
L
.
H
-
D
E
F
L
.
B
A
0
2
1
B
A
0
2
3
B
A
0
2
2
B
A
0
5
0
B
A
0
5
1
B
A
0
2
4
S
P
E
A
K
E
R

L
S
P
E
A
K
E
R

R
B
P
4
0
3
B
P
4
0
2
B
P
4
0
1
B
P
6
0
4
B P 4 0 0
H
E
A
D
P
H
O
N
E
B
A
0
0
2
L
L
R
R
S
P
E
A
K
E
R
L
O
U
D
-
S
U
P
P
L
Y
A
U
D
I
O
F
R
O
N
T
P
H
O
T
O
I
R
K
E
Y
B
O
A
R
D
P O W E R
P O W E R
D E F L E C T I O N
G
-
L
I
N
K
A
U
D
I
O
D
V
I
C
O
M
P
O
N
E
N
T

1
C
O
M
P
O
N
E
N
T

2
1
/
2
S
V
H
S
I
N
P
U
T

1
/
2
S E C O N D - T U N E R / I F
M A I N - T U N E R / I F
B
R
0
0
6
B
R
0
0
7
B
X
3
1
0
B
K
2
0
2
B
R
0
0
1
B
R
0
0
5
B
V
5
0
0
B
K
2
9
0
B
K
2
7
0
B
X
4
2
0
B
X
2
2
0
B
A
0
0
1
B
A
0
1
2
B
A
0
0
5
B
P
5
0
1
B
V
0
0
1
B
P
5
0
0
B
R
3
6
0
B
T
6
0
0
B
T
1
0
0
B
X
4
0
0
B
X
4
1
0
B
V
2
3
0
BV231
B
X
2
0
0
N
H
2
0
1
N
H
1
0
1
M
O
N
I
T
O
R
B
A
1
0
0
B
A
4
0
1
I
A
4
0
0
G
K
2
0
1
B
K
1
0
2
S
K
1
0
0
B
L
0
3
3
B
P
0
1
5
B
P
0
1
1
B
P
0
1
0
S
K
1
0
5
S
K
1
0
1
S
K
1
0
2
S
K
1
0
3
S
K
1
0
4
B
W
0
0
1
B
W
0
0
2
B
W
0
0
5
B
W
0
0
4
L
L
6
0
5
A
L
L
6
0
5
L
P
6
5
0
B
L
6
8
0
B
L
6
7
0
B
P
6
6
0
B
L
6
0
0
B P 6 1 1
B P 6 1 0
B
P
4
1
4
B
J
3
0
0
B
X
1
0
0
B
P
5
0
2
L
P
4
0
1
L
P
4
0
0
B
P
1
5
0
B
L
3
0
0
B L 1 1 1
B
A
0
1
0
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B Q 0 1 2
B
J
0
1
1
B
Q
0
0
9
B
J
0
1
0
B
P
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
B
P
0
0
1
L
P
0
5
0
B
L
0
3
5
B P 0 0 5
B
F
0
0
1
B L 2 0 0
B
L
5
0
0
L
L
0
0
8
B
L
5
0
1
I
A
0
0
2
Interconnect Wiring Diagram
OP-AMPS
The safety circuits of the ITC222 make wide use of IC operational amplifiers or Op-
Amps. They are used for their extremely high impedance output when off and low
impedance (to ground) when on. It enables them to become very reliable voltage
comparators with an almost digital output between the low and high supply rail.
The term Inverting (-) and Non-Inverting (+) must be understood in order to successfully
troubleshoot Op-Amp circuitry. It also may be helpful to think of the outputs as Low
Impedance and High Impedance rather than ON or OFF.
For example, Op-Amp A:
+5V
0V
0V
+2.5V
A
uses a single ended +5V supply so its output will rail between +5V and ground. If the
inverting and non-inverting input voltages are the same, the output amplifier will deliver a
quiescent voltage of around 1/2 the supply or +2.5V. In the ITC222, equal input voltages
are never used and its an input situation undefined. The idea is to use the Op-Amp as a
switch that compares two inputs. So the output usually switches between the available
supply voltage and ground.
In Op-Amp B:
+5V
+2.5V
+2.5V
+2.5V
B
both inputs are still equal even though they are no longer 0V. The output will still reach an
average level of around 1/2 the supply voltage.
Op-Amp C,
+5V
0V
5V
+5V
C
operates as it is used in this chassis. The non-inverting input has a higher voltage than
the inverting. That drives the output towards the power supply, or a higher impedance. If
the inverting input had a reference voltage fixed on it of +2.5V, the output would still be
very close to the supply rail. If the inverting input was more than the non-inverting input,
as in OpAmp D,
the output now goes toward the other rail, or ground. The output impedance is very low.
Again, even if the non-inverting input rises to +2.5V or higher, as long as the inverting
input is a higher voltage, the output will remain low.
To simplify the Op-Amps usage in the ITC222 Safety circuitry, refer to the following three
diagrams.
Op-Amp E shows that if any two voltages on the inputs of the Op-Amp are equal, the
output is around 1/2 the supply voltage, in this case +2.5V. As designed, the ITC222
does not use this condition.
+5V
Undefined
(+2.5V)
=
=
E
+5V
0V
0V
5V
D
If the non-inverting input (+) is 0.1V higher than the inverting input (-), the output will go
high. In this case the supply voltage of +5V.
+5V
+5V
V+(>.1V)
V
F
If the inverting input (-) goes at least 0.1V higher than the non-inverting input (+), the
output of the opamp will go low, or reference ground.
+5V
0V
V+(>.1V)
V
G
These voltages may be compared to another using an Op-Amp as a truth table essentially
becoming a digital OR gate with the important difference being the inputs may be any
voltage within the specifications of the IC. So the IC is simply comparing two inputs to
see which is higher than the other and outputting a high (Vcc+) when the non-inverting
input is higher and a low (generally reference ground) when the inverting input is higher.
ACTIVE DEVICE STATE
It is also important to note that in many cases output impedance is the important state of
a device rather than ON or OFF. Remember that when an active device is off, it may still
have an output impedance that could affect circuit operation.
For instance, a transistor that is turned OFF has a high impedance from emitter to collector.
So any circuitry connected to the collector is in an uncontrolled state, at least by that
device. Other devices on the line would now be able to exert control. In some cases the
line is allowed to float. If the device is turned ON, the device impedance is typically very
low and the collector will follow the emitter usually taking over control of the line. This
makes it possible to OR different circuits together using two or more active devices.
TITC222PTVTroubleshootingGuide
Prepared by
Thomson, Inc for TTE Technology, Inc.
Technical Training Department, INH905
PO Box 1976
Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 U.S.A.