STADIA SURVEYING

Stadia survey is a tacheometric form of distance measurement that

relies on a fxed-angle intercept.
Tacheometry is the procedure by which horizontal distances and
diference in elevations are determined indirectly using subtended
intervals and angles observed with a transit or theodolite on a
graduated rod or scale.
The equipment for stadia measurement consists of
a. a telescope with two horizontal cross hairs, called upper and
lower cross hairs, and
b. a graduated rod called a stadia rod or stadia board.
HORIZONTAL SIGHTS
The principle of the stadia method is based in igure !." shown,
wherein the line of sight of the telescope is horizontal and the rod is
vertical. or the notation
i # spacing between stadia hairs,
c # distance from the instrument center to the ob$ective lens
center,
f # focal length %ob$ective lens to focal point&,
d # distance from the focal point to the face of the rod,
' # %f ( c& # stadia constant,
for internal focusing telescope, ' # ).) and
for external focusing telescope, ' # )." m
* # %' ( d& # distance from the instrument center to the face
of the rod, and
+ # stadia intercept or interval
i
c f
d
B
C
S
telescope
graduated rod
'onsidering ig. !.", by similar triangles,
f d
i S
The horizontal distance d, from focal point to the rod is
f f
i i
therefore,
d = K S, Eq. (2.1)
where, - is the stadia interval factor %usually equal to .))
for most instruments&
The horizontal distance *, from instrument center to rod is
D = K S + (f + c)
D = K S + C Eq. (2.2)
VERTIAL SIGHT
D
Figure 2.3 The stadia method for horizontal sights.
=
d = * S, but K =
+/0123 1456230+,
1roblem .,
/ survey party proceeded to do their stadia survey wor7 as follows, the
transit was set up at a point / and with the line of sight horizontal, too7
rod readings with the rod at points 6 and ', which were then measured
to have taped distances from / to !))-m, and 8)-m respectively.
4od 6 4od '
+tadia 9nterval, + !.)). m ).8)) m
The distance from the center of the instrument to the principal focus
was recorded as ).") m. Then they went on to survey other points,
with some of the data recorded as follows, with the transit at point *,
two points 3 and were sighted.
4od 3 4od
+tadia 9nterval !..!) m ".:8) m
;ertical /ngle (<=!!> -"=.?>
a. 'ompute the stadia interval factor.
b. 'ompute the horizontal distances *3 and *.
c. 'ompute the diferences in elevation between points * and 3 and
points * and .
1roblem !,
.. / transit with a stadia constant equal to ).")m is used to determine
the horizontal distance between points 6 and ', with stadia intercept
reading of ..@: m. The distance 6' is equal to .@!.@? m. 'ompute the
stadia interval factor of the instrument.

!. Asing the same instrument, it was used to determine the diference in
elevation between 6 and * having stadia intercept reading of !.<! m
at * at a vertical angle of (8=")>. 'ompute the diference in elevation
of 6 and *.
". 'ompute also the horizontal distance between 6 and *.