Substituting Eq(3) & Eq(2) in Eq(1),

Mass of the unit cell

Density of the unit cell = ------------------------------------
Volume of the unit cell

(Z) x (M / N
o
)
= ----------------------------
a
3


Z x M
= -----------
N
o
x a
3


Where Z = No. of atoms per Unit cell
M = Atomic mass / Molecular mass in gm
No = Avagadro number = 6.023 x 10
23
.
A = Cell edge in cm
= Density of the unit cell in gm cm
-3


Values of Z and a:

Name of the unit
cell with
Example
Value
s of
Z
Relation of
a with d
Relation of
a with r

Inter ionic
Distance
Simple cubic 1 d = 2r = a a = 2r r = a / 2

B.C.C(CsCl type) 2 d = 2r = (3 a) / 2 r = (3 a) / 4 r
+
+ r
-
= (3a) /2

F.C.C(NaCl type) 4 d = 2r = (2 a) / 2 r = a / (2 2) r
+
+ r
-
= a / 2


Where d ----- Distance between the nearest neighbor.
r ---- Radius of the atom.
r+ -- Radius of the cation
r- ---- Radius of the Anion.


Defects or Imperfections:

The defects are basically irregularities in the arrangement of constituent
particles.

The defects are of two types:

a) Point defects: The irregularities from ideal arrangement around a
point or an atom in a crystalline substance.
b) Line defects: The irregularities from ideal arrangement in entire
rows of lattice points. These irregularities are
called crystal defects.