21.

44: A positive and negative charge, of equal magnitude

q
, are on the x-axis, a
distance
a
from the origin.
a) Halfway between them,
,
2

!
2
"
a
q

E
to the left.
b) At any position

'

<

,
_

>

,
_

+
+

<

,
_

a x
x a
q
x a
q

a x
x a
q
x a
q

a x
x a
q
x a
q

E x
,
) # ) #
!
,
) # ) #
!
$ $ ,
) # ) #
!
,
2 2
"
2 2
"
2 2
"
with %&' to the right.
(his is graphed below.