T E C H NIC A L DA T A S U S E F U L F O R

C IVIL E NG INE E RING WO RK S :

U NIT WE IG H T O F MA T E RIA L S :

Material U nit weight in kg/ m
C ement 1440
S teel 7850
Dry sand clean 1550-1600
Moist sand 1600-1750
Dry E arth(vegetable) 1750-2000
Moist E arth(vegetable) 1600
Wet E arth(vegetable) 1600-1750
Dry consolidated earth 1750-1920
G ravel (clean) 1600-2000
B ricks 1600-1920
Rubble stone 2100
T imber 720-750
Dry clay 1440
Damp plastic clay 1760
E arth loose and dry 1280
E arth packed 1550
S olid blocks A pprox 1400-1500
C oal ashes 640
A .C .sheets 17kg/ m
C oncrete 2306
B itumen 1040
L ime freshly burnt 960
L imestone crushed 1280-1440
L ime slaked 640
C ement mortar 2080
L ime mortar 1760
Plaster of Paris 800
Plastics 1100-1600


A PPRO X MA T E RIA L NE E DE D F O R 1C U M O F S IZE S T O NE
MA S O NRY WO RK WIT H DIF F E RE NT C E ME NT MO RT A R:
Proportion by
volume
Grade of
concrete
C ement in
cubic meter
S and in cubic
meter
C oarse
aggregate in
cubic meter
1:4:8 M 7.5 0.12 0.48 0.96
1:3:6 M 10 0.15 0. 45 0.90
1:2:4 M 15 0.22 0.44 0.88
1:1.5:3 M 20 0.28 0.42 0.84
1:1:2 M 25 0.38 0.38 0.76
Note: the volume of one cement bag is 0.0345 mor 1.25 cft.


A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L S RE Q U IRE D F O R 1 C U M O F
S IZE S T O NE MA S O NRY
C ement
mortar
S ize stone in
cum
C ement in cum S and in cum B oulders in
cum
1:4 1.25 0.08 0.32 0.17
1:6 1.25 0.06 0.36 0.17
1:8 1.25 0.04 0.32 0.17
Note: 40%of dry mortar is used for size stone masonry.


A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L S RE Q U IRE D F O R 1C U M O F 8
S O L ID WA L L B L O C K WO RK

C ement mortar C ement in cft S and in cft
1:6 0.25 1.50
1:5 0.29 1.45
1:4 0.35 1.40
1:3 0.40 1.20
1:2 0.55 1.10




A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L S RE Q U IRE D F O R 1 C U M O F 4
S O L ID WA L L B L O C K WO RK

C ement mortar C ement in cft S and in cft
1:6 0.33 2.00
1:5 0.36 1.80
1:4 0.45 1.8
1:3 0.55 1.65
1:2 0.75 1.50





A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L RE Q U IRE D FO R 1C U M O F
B RIC K WO RK WIT H C E ME NT MO RT A R O F DIF F E RE NT
PRO PO RT IO NS :

C ement mortar B ricks C ement in cum S and in cum
1:2 500 0.1 0.2
1:3 500 0.08 0.24
1:4 500 0.06 0.24
1:6 500 0.04 0.24
S ize of standard brick is taken as 200mm*100mm*100mmwith mortar joint less than
10mmthick and dry mortar is used.
A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L NE E DE F O R PL A S T E RING O F
100 S Q U A RE ME T RE A RE A U S ING DIF F E RE NT
PRO PO RT IO N O F C E ME NT MO RT A R:

C ement mortar C ement in cum S and in cum
1:2 0.6 1.2
1:3 0.45 1.135
1:4 0.4 1.6
1:5 0.35 1.75
1::6 0.3 1.8
T hickness of plastering is taken as 12mm.



A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L NE E DE D F O R PL A S T E RING O F
100S Q M A RE A U S ING DIF F E RE NT PRO PO RT IO N O F
C E ME NT MO RT A R T HIC K NE S S O F PL A S T E RING IS 20MM:

C ement mortar C ement in cum S and in cum
1:2 1 2
1:3 0.78 2.34
1:4 0.65 2.6
1.5 0.54 2.7
1:6

0.46 2.76
xWE IG H T O F S T E E L RO DS :

Diameter of rod Weight in kg/ m L ap length in mm
6mm 0.2218 300
8mm 0.3943 400
10mm 0.6162 500
12mm 0.8874 600
16mm 1.5771 800
20mm 2.4649 1000
25mm 3.8514 1250
32mm 6.3101 1800
T he length of one rod which is available is site is 36 feet or 11 meter.

C O NVE RS IO NS :

1cent=435.6 square feet
1acre=100 cent
1meter=3.281 feet
1square meter=10.76 square feet.
1cubic meter=35.31 cubic feet
1kg=9.81N
1kg/ cm=1Nmm
1kg=1litre
1cubic meter=1000 litres


1cubic feet=28.3 litres.
1acre=43560 square feet
1inch=2.54 cm
12 inch=1feet
1feet=30 cm.
1 gunter chain=66 feet.
1 gunta=1089 square feet.

L A B O U R O U T PU T :

Work L abours used O utput per day
E arthwork 100cft 2 M/ c

B ack filling 28.3 cubic meter 5 M/ c+0.5F / c
S huttering 7square meter 1carpenter and 2 helper.
S teel 170 kg 1fitter and 1 helper
C oncrete 120 cubic meter pumping 6 mason and 6 helper
B lock work 7 square meter 1mason and 2 helper
Plastering 10 square meter 1mason and 1.5 helper
Dadooing(wall tiling) 6 square meter 1mason and 1.5 helper
F loor tiling 8 square meter 1mason and 2 helper
G ranite dadooing 4 square meter 1mason , 1 helper,0.5
cutter and 0.5 polisher
G ranite flooring 8 square meter 1mason, 1 helper,0.5
cutter and 0.5 polisher.
Water proofing 7 square meter 1mason and 1 helper
Painting 10 square meter 1 painter and 1 helper
Window finish 1 no 1mason +1 helper
L aying reinforced
concrete
100 cubic feet 0.5 mason+6helpers+1.33
F / c
S ize stone masonry 2.83 cubic meter 3 masons ,5 helpers and
0.25 F / c
B rickwork 2.83 cubic meter 2.25 masons and 5 helpers



A PPRO XIMA T E MA T E RIA L RE Q U IRE D FO R WH IT E
WA S H ING , DIS T E MPE RING , A ND PA INT ING O F 100
S Q U A RE ME T E R A RE A :

a. L ime for white washing ( 1
coat)
10 kgs
b. Dry distemper 1
st
coat 6.5 kgs
c. Dry distemper 2
nd
coat 5.0 kgs
d. S now cemfor 1
st
coat 30.0 kgs
e. S now cemfor 2
nd
coat 20.0 kgs
f. Paint ready mixed for one
coat
10 litres
g. Paint stiff for one coat 10 kgs


B INDING WIRE C O NS U MPT IO N:

B inding wire used for tieing one tonnage
reinforcement
6 to 7 kgs


G E NE RA L PO INT S F O R C A L C U L A T IO NS O F
RE INFO RC E ME NT :

1. F or beamhook=(beamdepth-both side covers)/ 2
for example if it is a 450mmdepth beamthen hook is (450-50)/ 2=200
where cover for beamis taken as 25 mm
2. F or stirrups the hook=4d as per is codes but according to site conditions it is
50 mmper hook while doing bar bending schedule.
3. F or slab the rod the crank length is l/ 5.
4. F or beamthe bottomextra is at l/ 6.
5. F or slab the top extra extends till upto l/ 3.
6. F or beamthe top extra bar extends till l/ 3.
7. T he column capitals extends tilll/ 4.
8. Where l is effective length of the beam. It is taken as center to center of the
beam.


9. T he crank length is 1.41d, where d is (depth of slab or beam- two side covers)

C omponent C over in mm
S lab 15
B eam 25
C olumn 40
F ooting 50
Note: cover is given for the aggregates of concrete to pass through the reinforcement
and to prevent the reinforcement fromexposing to surface.

H O W T O FIND T HE WE IG HT O F T HE S T E E L :
d/ 162
d- diameter of the steel in mm
where as this formula gives the weight of steel in kg per running meter of that dia steel
how is it achieved:
(pi*d*d/ 4)*7850 will give the weight of steel of that dia in kg/ m
as pi=3.14
and d is in mm
but unit weight of steel is in kg/ m
the area of steel should be converted into m
for that the area of steel is divided by 1000000
now keeping d in the top and bringing 3.14*7850 to the bottomwe will get d/ 162 as
the formula.

WA T E R C E ME NT RA T IO :

Normally the water cement ratio is the ratio between water and cement, it is the water
content at which the concrete will give a good workability.

B U L K A GE O F S A ND :

It is the moisture content in the sand due to which the volume of the sand increases
than its original volume, so when it dries its volume will be reduced, so when sand is
mixed for mortar or concrete 16 to 20%extra is taken to get the original volume of the
sand.
T he permissible bulkage is 16 to 20%.




S E T IING T IME O F C E ME NT :

1. Initial setting time of cement is 30 minutes so any concrete or mortar should be
used before 30 minutes of stime.
2. F inal setting time of cement is 10 hours.

S T RU C T U RE S :

L oad bearing structures:
It is the structure in which the load is transferred directly fromslab to the wall and
fromwall to the foundation.

F ramed structure:
It is the structure in which the load is transferred fromslab to beams and from
beams to columns and fromcolumns to footings and fromfootings to the soil.
Difference between 43 grade cement and 53 grade cement:
43 grade attains a strength of 43n/ mm2 in 28 days
53 grade cement attains a strength of 53n/ mm2 in 28 days.
T he setting time of 43 grade cement is less.
T he setting time of 53 grade cement is high
43 grade cement is used for plastering and 53 grade cement is used for concreting
and marking.

A NG L E O F RE PO S E :
It is the slope above which that concerned material tends to fall.
Material A ngle of repose in degree
B ituminous coal
A nthracite coal 27
S laked coal 37.5 to 45
A shes 35
S oft iron ore 35
E arth(loam) 30 to 45
S and(dry) 30 to 35
S and (wet) 0 to 30


C lay 25 to 45
G ravel 30 to 45
C inders 25 to 40
C oke 30 to 45
Wheat 25
Maize 27 to 30
B arley 25
O ats 28
C ement 10

F O U NDA T IO N:

S hallow foundation and deep foundation:

S hallow foundation is the foundation in which the length of the footing is equal to the
depth of the foundation whereas in deep foundation depth is not equal to length.

L E VE L L ING :
L eveling is very important in the civil engineering practical field to know about a site.
H eight of the instrument=R.L +B ack sight
Where R.L - reduced level is taken as the road level( as 100)
If we want the level of a point first the dumpy level is set at some point and the R.L is
taken as the back sight and the staff measurement at the concerned point is taken it is
known as foresight or intermediate sight
L E VE L O F T H A T PO INT =R.L +B A C K S IG H T -F O RE S IGH T

B M- benchmark(a known r.l)
R.L -reduced level (normally 100)
B .S -backsight
F .S -foresight


PE RMIS S IB LE S T RE S S E S IN C O NC RE T E :

G rade of concrete Permissible Permissible


stresses in
concrete bending
stresses in
compression direct
M10 3.0 2.5
M 15 5.0 4.0
M 20 7.0 5.0
M 25 8.5 6.0
M 30 10.0 8.0
M 35 11.5 9.0
M 40 13.0 10.0






T A B L E O F PA INT ING C O E F F IC IE NT :

S l no Description of work Multiplying coefficient
1. Paneled or framed and
braced door, windows etc.
1.30(for each side)
2. L edged and battened or
ledged, battened and
braced, doors, windows etc
1.30(for each side )
3. F lush doors 1.2 (for each side)
4, Party paneled and party
glazed or gauged doors,
windows etc.

1.00(for each side)
5. F ully glazed or gauged
doors ,windows etc
0.80 (for each side)
6. F ully venetianed or
louvered doors windows
etc.
1.80 for each side.


7. T reills work one way or
two way
2 for painting allover
8. C arved or enriched work 2 for each side


9. Weather boarding 1.2 for each side
10. Wood single roofing 1.10 for each side
11. B oarding with cover fillets
and match boarding
1.05 for each side
12. Plain sheeted steel doors
and windows
1.10 for each side
13. F ully glazed or gauged
steel doors and windows
0.50 ( for each side)
14. Partly paneled and partly
glazed or steel gauged
doors and windows
0.80 for each side
15. C orrugated sheeted steel
doors or windows
1.50 for each side
16. C ollapsible gates 1.50 for painting allover
17. rolling shutters interlocked
lathes
1.10 for each side



WE IG HT O F MS PL A T E S :

T hickness in mm Weight in kg per
square meter
5 39.25
6 47.10
8 62.80
10 78.5
12 94.2
14 109.90
16 125.60
18 141.30
20 157.00
22 172.70
55 196.25




S Q U A RE B A RS :

0.7843 kg/ square meter
Diameter or width in mm S ectional area in square
cm.
Perimeter in cm
5 25 2.0
5.5 0.3 2.2
6.0 0.36 2.4
7.0 0.49 2.8
8.0 0.64 3.2
9.0 0.81 3.6
10 1.00 4.0
11 1.21 4.4
12 1.44 4.8
14 1.96 5.6
16 2.56 6.4
18 3.24 7.2
20 4.00 8.0
22 4.84 8.8
25 6.25 10.0
28 7.84 11.2
32 10.24 12.8
36 12.96 14.4
40 16.00 16.0
45 20.25 18.0
50 25.00 20.0
56 31.36 22.4
63 39.69 25.2
71 50.41 28.4
80 64.00 32.0


WE IG HT O F MIL D S T E E L F L A T S :

Width 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 16mm 18mm 20mm 25


in mm thick thick thick thick thick thick thick thick thick thick mm
thick
10 0.2 0.3 0.5
20 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.6
25 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4
30 0.7 0.91 1.20 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.8
35 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.3 4.4 5.0 5.5
40 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.8 5.0 5.6 6.3
45 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.6 6.4 7.1
50 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.7 6.3 7.1 7.8 9.8
75 3.5 3.7 5.9 7.1 9.4 10..6 11.8 14.7
100 4.7 6.3 7.8 9.4 12.6 14.1 15.7 19.6