TTL Input

-9 Volt Output
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
TTL Squarewave Input
(HCMOS)
-4 VDC OUT
Cockcroft-Walton voltage multipliers.
Capacitors share a common connection but must have a higher voltage rating.
This connection is recommended when generating lower voltages at higher
currents.
Capacitors are in series so larger values are needed
but a lower breakdown voltage rating is allowed. This
connection is recommended when generating high
voltages at low currents.
AC Input
1V
2V
3V
4V
5V
6V
7V
8V
9V
10V

Typical photomultiplier chain. The capacitors may decrease
in value at the higher voltages since they do not carry the
current for the lower dynodes.
Here are some applications of the Cockroft-Walton voltage doubler circuit for generating high voltages from a low voltage AC source. The circuit is
quite practical for generating thousands of volts (or more) or just a few volts at high current. Since the circuit is AC-coupled it may be connected to
a power supply's secondary transformer winding to generate an additional or opposite polarity voltage.